Prehension Lips, teeth, limbs, tongue (ingesta ) Mastication Teeth Salivary glands Buccal ...
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Transcript of Prehension Lips, teeth, limbs, tongue (ingesta ) Mastication Teeth Salivary glands Buccal ...
Digestion
Prehension Lips, teeth, limbs, tongue (ingesta)
Mastication Teeth Salivary glands Buccal Lingual
Deglutition Pharynx Larynx Esophagus
Oral Cavity
Herbivore Omnivore Carnivore
Monogastric Stomach Cardiac Sphincter Fundus Pyloric sphincter Gastric Enzymes
Stomach
Ruminant “Foregut Fermenters” Rumen Reticulum (“Honey comb”) food packed into balls“Chewing their cud” Omasum (“Cannon ball”) Abomasum (“True stomach”)
Stomach
Small Intestines Duodenum
Liver/GallbladderPancreas
Jejunum Ileum
Large Intestines Cecum Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon
RectumAnus
Intestines
Esophagus Crop (food storage with partial digestion) Proventriculus (true stomach) Gizzard (grinds up the seed) Small Intestine Ceca (microbial digestion) Large Intestine Cloaca (common chamber) Vent
Avian Digestive System
o Anorexia
o Anus ◦ Ascites ◦ Cachexia
◦ Cirrhosis ◦ Constipation
◦ Coprophagia
Terminology
◦ Dysentery (dys = painful, enter=intestines) ◦ Emaciation
◦ Emulsification
◦ Flatulence ◦ Fistula
◦ Icterus (jaundice)
◦ Splenomegaly
Terminology
GDV (gastric dilatation volvulus) Symptoms: unproductive vomiting; reluctance to move; bloating Treatment: decompress the stomach with a stomach tube, surgically
attach the stomach wall to the abdominal wall
Pathological Conditions
Displaced Abomasum
Symptoms: bloat Treatment: trochar, surgically attach the abomasum wall to the
abdominal wall
Pathological Conditions
Gastric Ulcers:Common with animals that have been given un-buffered aspirin. Most pathologic in foals. Common in pigs, ferrets, and horses.
Pathological Conditions
Bloat Excessive accumulation of gas in both ruminant and simple stomachs. Trocar to relieve pressure
Pathological Conditions
Hardware Disease – perforation of the reticular wall by a metal object
Symptoms: decreased appetite, salivation, weight loss Diagnose: put pressure between the shoulder blades and see
if the animal drops to their knees Treatment: place several magnets down the throat into the
stomach
Pathological Conditions
Ruminal FistulaPermanent opening of the rumen to the outside used to study rumen physiology and nutrition
Pathological Conditions
Torsion of the intestine Twisting of the intestine and cutting off blood supply Severe abdominal cramping occur
Intussuception A segment of the intestine inverts (telescope) Symptons include acute vomiting, severe abdominal cramping
Small bowel intussusception at the jejunum area
Pathological Conditions
Rectal prolapse Protrusion through the anus of the rectal mucosa Uncommon in most species but common place in the pig because
of the anatomical weakness in the area and reptiles
Pathological Conditions
Feline Hepatic Lipidosis – accumulation of fat within the liver. Symptoms include anorexia, vomiting, lethargy
Pancreatitis – inflammation of the pancreas cats – have no definitive symptoms dogs – persistent vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea
Pathological Conditions
Colic – severe abdominal pain in horsesTypes of colic: Idiopathic - no root cause determined. (over 80% of all colics) Impaction - sand, dirt, feed, or other indigestible material. Gas (spasmodic Gastric rupture Enteritis Strangulation/torsion
Pathological Conditions
Vomiting (emesis) – CNS reflex
Pathological Conditions