TOPIC: POLITICS

BY:

SYED HAIDER ALI SHAH

CONTENTS

• Introduction to politics• Politics of US• Politics of India • Politics of Pakistan

INTRODUCTION

POLITICS:“Power relations wherever they

exist”

Micro Politics: Power control in Everyday life of individual

Macro Politics:Control of power at large level or

nation wide control

POLITICS OF USA

POLITICS OF UNITED STATES

Federal Government

• Executive

The President

Elected every 4 years

Federal Government

Legislative Congress Elections

every 2 years

The Senate

2 members per

State.

Elections every 2

years for 33% of Senators.

A senator is elected for

6 years.

House of RepresentativesMembers elected according to the population of the State. Elections every 2 years for the whole house

The Supreme Court

9 judges appointed by the President.

Their job is to make sure that the President

And Congress run the country according to

the US Constitution.

Federal Government

STATE GOVERNMENT

Each State has its own separate government

There are 3 branches•State governor•State legislative•State court

Responsibilities•Police•Education•Transport•Social Welfare•Health

POLITICAL PARTIESRepublican Party

• They believe in low taxation and little interference from the Federal Government.

• They encourage individuals to work hard and do not like welfare.

• A party for the rich and Middle Class.

REPUBLICAN PRESEIDENTS

Dwight Eisenhower1953-61

Richard Nixon1969-74

Gerard Ford1974-77

DEMOCRATIC PARTY

• Believe it is the governments duty to distribute wealth evenly.

• They introduce higher taxation and welfare benefits.• Their support comes from urban areas and

minorities

DEMOCRAT PRESIDENT

John F Kennedy 1961-63

Lyndon B Johnson 1963-68

Harry Truman1945-53

Jimmy Carter 1977-81

INDIAN POLITICS

REPUBLIC OF INDIA

• A federal republic with a parliamentary system of government

• CAPITAL: New Delhi

• Population: over one billion

• Growing at 1.5% a year

A FEDERAL SYSTEM

• 28 states and 7 centrally administered Union Territories

– 2 states are partially claimed by Pakistan and China

• Relatively centralized

• federal government controls the most essential government functions

– defense

– foreign policy

– taxation

– public expenditures

– economic (industrial) planning

POLITICAL SYSTEM

STAGES OF ELECTION IN INDIA

1. Releasing election manifesto

2. counting of votes

3. Making of voters list

4. Election campaign

5. Declaration of election results

6. Casting of Votes

7. Ordering of re-poll

8. Announcing election schedule

9. Filing Nomination

THE LEGISLATURE

• Parliamentary system of government– the executive authority is responsible to the

Parliament

Rajya Sabha (Council of States)

• Rajya Sabha (Council of States)

• not more than 250 members

– 12 are nominated by the President of India

– the rest are indirectly elected

• by state Legislative Assemblies

• The Council of States can not be dissolved

– members have terms of 6 years

– 1/3 members retire at end of every 2nd year

Lok Sabha

• Lok Sabha (House of the People)• 545 members

– 2 are appointed by the President of India– the rest are directly elected from single-member districts

• 5-year terms unless dissolved• Lok Sabha elects its presiding officer

– the Speaker

POLITICS IN PAKISTAN

GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN

Presidential Power

• President acts on advice of Prime Minister

• May adopt absolute power to dissolve National Assembly, according to the 8th Amendment of the constitution

NATIONAL ASSEMBLY The Pakistani National Assembly is the lower house of the  Majlis-e-Shura, which

also comprises the President of Pakistan and Senate (upper house). The National Assembly and the Senate both convene at Parliament House in Islamabad. The National Assembly is a democratically elected body consisting of a total of 342 members who are referred to as Members of the National Assembly(MNAs)

ISLAM IN GOVERNMENT• Increased involvement of Islam in the Pakistani

Government since 1984 Referendum• Enforcement of Sharia or Islamic Law since 1985• Assessment by the Shariat/Islamic Court regarding

federal laws

Military in Government• The Military long standing force in Pakistani politics• The President General Pervez Musharraf was never

elected, came to power after a military take-over of government in 1999

• Resigned as Army Chief of Staff in November 2007

Negotiations & Actions in Pakistan’s Politics

• Joined the international coalition against terrorism• Initiated dialogue with India regarding Kashmir dispute• Supported initiatives and contributed to reconstruction efforts in

Afghanistan• Deployed forces to counter extremism on the border between

Afghanistan and Pakistan’s tribal areas• Deepened relations with the US

CONCLUSION

• Politics is to control things according to desire and constitution, we discuss politics in Macro level to understand how nations do politics to maintain positive relationship with each other and to work for there respective nation…