Political Structure of USA,INDIA and PAKISTAN
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Transcript of Political Structure of USA,INDIA and PAKISTAN
TOPIC: POLITICS
BY:
SYED HAIDER ALI SHAH
CONTENTS
• Introduction to politics• Politics of US• Politics of India • Politics of Pakistan
INTRODUCTION
POLITICS:“Power relations wherever they
exist”
Micro Politics: Power control in Everyday life of individual
Macro Politics:Control of power at large level or
nation wide control
POLITICS OF USA
POLITICS OF UNITED STATES
Federal Government
• Executive
The President
Elected every 4 years
Federal Government
Legislative Congress Elections
every 2 years
The Senate
2 members per
State.
Elections every 2
years for 33% of Senators.
A senator is elected for
6 years.
House of RepresentativesMembers elected according to the population of the State. Elections every 2 years for the whole house
The Supreme Court
9 judges appointed by the President.
Their job is to make sure that the President
And Congress run the country according to
the US Constitution.
Federal Government
STATE GOVERNMENT
Each State has its own separate government
There are 3 branches•State governor•State legislative•State court
Responsibilities•Police•Education•Transport•Social Welfare•Health
POLITICAL PARTIESRepublican Party
• They believe in low taxation and little interference from the Federal Government.
• They encourage individuals to work hard and do not like welfare.
• A party for the rich and Middle Class.
REPUBLICAN PRESEIDENTS
Dwight Eisenhower1953-61
Richard Nixon1969-74
Gerard Ford1974-77
DEMOCRATIC PARTY
• Believe it is the governments duty to distribute wealth evenly.
• They introduce higher taxation and welfare benefits.• Their support comes from urban areas and
minorities
DEMOCRAT PRESIDENT
John F Kennedy 1961-63
Lyndon B Johnson 1963-68
Harry Truman1945-53
Jimmy Carter 1977-81
INDIAN POLITICS
REPUBLIC OF INDIA
• A federal republic with a parliamentary system of government
• CAPITAL: New Delhi
• Population: over one billion
• Growing at 1.5% a year
A FEDERAL SYSTEM
• 28 states and 7 centrally administered Union Territories
– 2 states are partially claimed by Pakistan and China
• Relatively centralized
• federal government controls the most essential government functions
– defense
– foreign policy
– taxation
– public expenditures
– economic (industrial) planning
POLITICAL SYSTEM
STAGES OF ELECTION IN INDIA
1. Releasing election manifesto
2. counting of votes
3. Making of voters list
4. Election campaign
5. Declaration of election results
6. Casting of Votes
7. Ordering of re-poll
8. Announcing election schedule
9. Filing Nomination
THE LEGISLATURE
• Parliamentary system of government– the executive authority is responsible to the
Parliament
Rajya Sabha (Council of States)
• Rajya Sabha (Council of States)
• not more than 250 members
– 12 are nominated by the President of India
– the rest are indirectly elected
• by state Legislative Assemblies
• The Council of States can not be dissolved
– members have terms of 6 years
– 1/3 members retire at end of every 2nd year
Lok Sabha
• Lok Sabha (House of the People)• 545 members
– 2 are appointed by the President of India– the rest are directly elected from single-member districts
• 5-year terms unless dissolved• Lok Sabha elects its presiding officer
– the Speaker
POLITICS IN PAKISTAN
GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN
Presidential Power
• President acts on advice of Prime Minister
• May adopt absolute power to dissolve National Assembly, according to the 8th Amendment of the constitution
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY The Pakistani National Assembly is the lower house of the Majlis-e-Shura, which
also comprises the President of Pakistan and Senate (upper house). The National Assembly and the Senate both convene at Parliament House in Islamabad. The National Assembly is a democratically elected body consisting of a total of 342 members who are referred to as Members of the National Assembly(MNAs)
ISLAM IN GOVERNMENT• Increased involvement of Islam in the Pakistani
Government since 1984 Referendum• Enforcement of Sharia or Islamic Law since 1985• Assessment by the Shariat/Islamic Court regarding
federal laws
Military in Government• The Military long standing force in Pakistani politics• The President General Pervez Musharraf was never
elected, came to power after a military take-over of government in 1999
• Resigned as Army Chief of Staff in November 2007
Negotiations & Actions in Pakistan’s Politics
• Joined the international coalition against terrorism• Initiated dialogue with India regarding Kashmir dispute• Supported initiatives and contributed to reconstruction efforts in
Afghanistan• Deployed forces to counter extremism on the border between
Afghanistan and Pakistan’s tribal areas• Deepened relations with the US
CONCLUSION
• Politics is to control things according to desire and constitution, we discuss politics in Macro level to understand how nations do politics to maintain positive relationship with each other and to work for there respective nation…