Post on 25-May-2020
Pharma and Biotech M&A in Gene & Cell Therapy: What’s Next in Deal Making in the EmergingAdvanced Therapeutics Space?
Ed Saltzman, Executive ChairmanMike Rice, MS, MBA, Principal Defined Health, a Cello Health business
Advanced Therapeutics Webinar10 October, 2018
May 7‐8, 2019, Convene at 32 Old Slip, NYC2019 Keynote Speaker: Rachel Haurwitz, PhD, Chief Executive Officer & Founder, Caribou
Select Distinguished Speakers: • Michael Sporn, MD (Dartmouth Medical School)• William Watt, PhD (EpiThany)• Tim van Hauwermeiren, MSc, EMBA (argenx)• Brian Leyland‐Jones, MD, PhD (Avera Cancer Institute)• Axel Hoos, MD, PhD (GlaxoSmithKline)• Helen Tayton‐Martin, PhD, MBA (Adaptimmune)• Annette Matthies, PhD (eFFECTOR)
Panel highlights include:
• “Has the Time Come for Chemo‐ & Immuno‐Prevention: Nixing the Nabobs of Negativity”
• “Novel Ways to Target and Develop Therapies for Cancer Metastases: Stop Spreading the New”
• “Biotech Deal‐Making in the Face of IO Frenzy or Fatigue: Same old of Difference New?”
3Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
The information in this report has been obtained from what are believed to be reliable sources and has been verified whenever possible. Nevertheless, we cannot guarantee the information contained herein as to accuracy or completeness. All expressions of opinion are the responsibility of Defined Health, and though current as of the date of this report, are subject to change.
The opinions and information set forth herein are expressed solely for the benefit of the addressee and only for the purpose(s) for which the report was produced. Without the prior written consent of Defined Health, this report may not be relied on in whole or in part for any other purpose or by any other person or entity, provided that this report may be disclosed where disclosure is required by law.
This report may contain information provided by third parties such as Clarivate Analytics, Springer, EvaluatePharma, Datamonitor, Informa Healthcare, IMS Health and others with a proprietary interest in the data provided herein. Please note that you are not permitted to redistribute any such third party information without consent from the originator company.
© Defined Health, 2018
4Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Agenda
Are We On Verge of Next Phase of Therapeutics Platform Evolution?Are We On Verge of Next Phase of Therapeutics Platform Evolution?
Can Challenges to Business Model be Surmounted?Can Challenges to Business Model be Surmounted?
How Will Pharma Respond?How Will Pharma Respond?
Key TakeawaysKey Takeaways
5Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Are We On Verge of Next Phase of Therapeutics Platform Evolution?
6Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Over Past 10 Years a Small Molecule Based Industry Became Biological
0 5,000 10,000 15,000
Seroquel (AstraZeneca)
Herceptin (Roche)
Singulair (Merck & Co)
Rituxan (Roche)
Plavix (Bristol‐Myers Squibb)
Zyprexa (Eli Lilly)
Diovan (Novartis)
Nexium (AstraZeneca)
Advair (GlaxoSmithKline)
Lipitor (Pfizer)
EvaluatePharma
0 5,000 10,000 15,000
Lyrica (Pfizer)
Lantus (Sanofi)
Enbrel (Amgen)
Prevnar 13 (Pfizer)
Remicade (J&J)
Avastin (Roche)
Herceptin (Roche)
Rituxan (Roche)
Revlimid (Celgene)
Humira (AbbVie)
Top‐Selling Products (WW Sales $M) 2007 vs. 2017(coded by conventional vs. biologics)
2007 2017
Biologic
Conventional
7Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
But Therapeutic Platforms Have Been Evolving for >30 Years
Small Molecule Modulators
Protein Augmentation Antibodies Peptides and
Nucleic AcidsGene Correction &Augmentation
Cell Therapy & Regenerative Med
• ImmuneModulators
• SMIs
• Chaperones• Substrate Reduction• Transcription / Translation enhancers
• Epigenetics
• Plasma/tissue derived proteins
• Recombinant Proteins– Clotting factors– Cytokines– Hormones– Growth factors
• EnzymeReplacement
• Plasma derivedPolyclonal Igs
• Monoclonal antibodies
• mAB fragments
• Scaffolds• Intrabodies
• ImmuneModulator
• Exon skipping• Antisense• RNAi /miRNA
• Aptamers/ Ribozyme
• Viral vectors‒ Retro/‒ Lentiviral‒ AdV, AAV
• Non‐viral‒ Plasmids/‒ Fragments
• Gene editingwith Meganucleases‒ Zinc Fingers‒ TALENS‒ CRISPR/Cas9
• Autologous/allo‐geneic cell therapy
• Other cells:‒e.g. ES, iPS
• Mitochondrial transfer
• Devices‒ Encapsulation‒ Scaffolds‒ Implants‒ Micro‐organs‒ Aphaeresis
Phenotypic Genotypic
Increasing Complexity of Therapeutic Interventions
1980s 1990s 2000s
Platform
Evo
lutio
n
8Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Evolution Already in Progress: Over Just the Next Five Years Advanced Therapeutics Revenues Forecast to Grow to $7.7 Bln
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2016 2017 2018e 2019e 2020e 2021e 2022e
US Sales ($B
)
US Sales of Advanced Therapeutics 2016‐2022e ($B)
Gene Therapy
Cell Therapy
EvaluatePharma
Given the unique nature of advanced therapeutics, there is uncertainty as to how the market might grow and mature over the long‐term
9Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Novartis Just Cast A Huge Vote of Confidence in the Future of Advanced Therapeutics
https://www.reuters.com/article/us‐novartis‐avexis/novartis‐bets‐big‐on‐gene‐therapy‐with‐8‐7‐billion‐avexis‐deal‐idUSKBN1HG0FT
10Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Gilead and Celgene Also Voted Yes With Their Checkbooks
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017‐08‐28/gilead‐to‐buy‐kite‐for‐11‐9‐billion‐in‐cancer‐therapy‐megadeal; https://www.geekwire.com/2018/juno‐therapeutics‐acquired‐celgene‐9b‐dramatic‐deal‐rising‐biotech‐star/
11Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Advanced Therapeutics M&A Began Only Two Years Ago but Has Just Become Super‐Sized
BCIQ
Advanced Therapeutics M&A by Top 20 US Pharma
$0
$2,000
$4,000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
$12,000
$14,000
Aug 2016 Jun 2017 Oct 2017 Dec 2017 Jan 2018 Apr 2018
CelgeneJuno$9 B
NovartisAveXis$8.7 B
GileadKite
$11.9 BGilead
Cell Design Labs$467 M
PfizerBamboo$645 M
NovartisGamida$635 M
3 recent major M&A: $29.6 billion
12Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Although A Slow Year for IPOs, 2017 Marked a Spike in Investment in Advanced Therapeutics
Total global investment in gene and cell therapies about $4.2B in 2017 – Up from $3.3B in 2016 Does not include $13.5B in acquisitions in 2017 vs. $1B in 2016 (Driven by $11.9B acquisition of Kite by Gilead)
BCIQ Financings Chart
41
9 95
129
14 13
25
18 18
31
24
38
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Num
ber of Finan
cing
s
All IPO financings All follow‐on financings
All venture financings
Annual Sum of Amount raised by Financing Type
13Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
How Will Pharma Respond?
14Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Over The Last 30 Years, Gene Therapy Platforms Have Diversified But Big Pharma Remains for Most the Part a Small Player With Main Interest Driver Being T‐Cell Platforms
ARM tracks >850 Regenerative Medicines companies (460 US, 234 Europe and 122 Asia, 38 RoW)
Company Websites; Alliance for Regenerative Medicine State of the Industry report 2018; https://alliancerm.org/event/sotibriefing
Adoptive Cellular Immuno‐Oncology (IO)
Gene EditingGene AugmentationAAV
AdV
Lenti‐Retro
Plasmid
Other
Partners
15Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Cell Therapy Deals and Value Dominated by Oncology, No Other Therapeutic Areas HaveSeen “Mega‐Deals”
BCIQ, Company website; tpx = therapeutic; SC = stem cells
Cell Therapy Deal Timeline 2015-2017
2015 2016 2017
May 2017Undisclosed
CAR‐T
Jun 2017$33M
NK Cell Therapy
Dec 2017$350MCAR‐T
Dec 2017$16MCAR‐T
Jan 2015$3M
Respiratory distress syndrome SC tpx
Jan 2015Acquisition ‐ $415MAutologous DCs
Mar 2015$200M
Ischemic stroke SC tpx
Apr 2015$44M
Mesenchymal SCs
Jun 2015UndisclosedCAR‐T/TCR
Aug 2015$332M
Diabetes SC tpx
Nov 2015Undisclosed
CAR‐T
Jan 2016UndisclosedParkinson’s
disease cell tpx
Apr 2016UndisclosedPluripotent induced SCs
May 2016$40M
Mesenchymal SCs
Jul 2016$438M
Perianal fistula cell tpx
Oct 2016UndisclosedT Cell Tpx
May 2017$96MCAR‐T
May 2017Undisclosed
Immune disorder cell tpx
Aug 2017Acquisition ‐
$12BCAR‐T
Oct 2017UndisclosedUndisclosed
2018
Jan 2018Acquisition ‐
$9BCAR‐T/TCR
Dec 2017$497M
Immune Cell tpx
April 2018 $300M Series A
16Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
By Contrast Before Novartis/AveXis, Big Pharma Was an Infrequent and Risk‐Adverse Playerin Gene Therapy
BCIQ, Company website. Press releases
Platform and Rare Disease Gene Therapy Deal Timeline 2015-2018
2015
Feb 2015$845M
Parkinson’s Disease
Jan 2015$6M
Hemophilia A &B
Jan 2015$11M
C RISPR platform
A pr 2015$64M
C RISPR platform
A pr 2015$1BC V
2016
Dec 2015$105MRare
diseases
Sep 2015A cquisition -
$845MC V
A ug 2015$53MC V
A ug 2015$124MRare
diseases
O ct 2015$337M
IBD
O ct 2015$105M
A AV tech
2017
Jan 2016UndisclosedRare disease
Jan 2016UndisclosedA AV tech
May 2016UndisclosedA AV tech
A ug 2016Undisclosed
Retinal disease
A pr 2017UndisclosedA AV tech
May 2017UndisclosedRare disease
May 2017$545M
Hemophilia A
A ug 2016$495MRare
diseases
Jan 2017A cquisition -Undisclosed
Gene deliv ery
Sep 2017A cquisition -
$151MRare disease
Jun 2017Undisclosed
DMD
Nov 2017UndisclosedPromoter
Dec 2017UndisclosedRare disease
2018
Jan 2018$170MRPE65 Retinal
dy strophy
A pr 2018A cquisition
$8.7B
July 2018A cquisition
$50M upfront,
$945M TV
Oct 201810 AAV
Programs ‐Neurologic LSD
17Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Who’s Next? Kite, Juno and AveXis are Far From the Only Late Stage Opportunities in Advanced Therapeutics
EvaluatePharma
2016 / 2017 2018 2019 2020
Kymriah (Novartis): ALLYescarta (Gi lead): DLBCLStrimvelis (GSK): ADA‐SCIDLuxturna (Spark): LCA/RP
Cx601 (TiGenix/Takeda): CrohnsATA129 (Atara): EBV cancersPLX‐PAD (Pluristem): PADHabeo (Cytori): SclerodermaECCI‐50 (Cytori ): UIAVXS‐101 (AveXis): SMALenti ‐D (bluebird): ALD
NeoCart (Histogenics): CartilageJCAR014 (Juno): CLLCMV‐CTL (Atara): CMV InfectionsDCCI‐10 (Cytori ): BurnsMAGE‐A10 (Adaptimmune): NSCLCJCAR015 (Juno): ALLJCAR017 (Juno): NHLBPX‐501 (Bellicum): GvHDLentiGlobin (bluebird): β‐ThalassemiaSPK‐7001 (Spark): CHMDTX301 (Dimension): Urea CycleABO‐102 (Abeona): MPS II IAMT‐060 (uniQure): Hemophilia BEB‐101 (Abeona): EB
LN‐144 (Iovance): MelanomaNurOwn (BrainStorm): ALSNK‐92 (NantKwest): NE TumorECCO‐50 (Cytori ): OsteoarthritisMultiStem (Pfizer): StrokeStrataGraft (Mallinckrodt): BurnsAnti ‐CD19 CAR‐T (ZIOPHARM): NHLUCARTCS1 (Cel lectis): ALLSPK‐8011 (Spark): Hemophilia ABMN‐270 (BioMarin): Hemophilia ADTX401 (Dimension): Glycogen StorageVY‐AADC01 (Voyager): Parkinson's Ad‐RTS‐hIL‐12 (Ziopharm): Breast CancerAT132 (Audentes): Myotubular MyopathyAT342 (Audentes): Crigler‐Najjar AAV‐CNGB3 (AGTC): ACHMSAR422459 (Sanofi): StargardtPexa‐Vec (Transgene): HepatomaSPK‐TPP1 (Spark): BattenVY‐AADC (Voyager) ParkinsonAGIL‐AADC (Agilis) AADC Deficiency
Recent And Expected Upcoming US/EU Approvals
18Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Strategic Fork in Road
Presentermedia.com
Pharma’s Strategic Interest/Approach to Date in Advanced Therapeutics Differs:• As part of therapeutic strategy in broader oncology
• As platform strategy for expansion in monogenic/rare diseases
• Only Novartis pursuing both• Pfizer now more committed to gene therapeutics for
rare diseases than T‐Cell platforms (e.g. Allogenedeal as “exit” for Pfizer)
Majority of companies still watching from sidelines• Less or no interest in rare diseases• Unwilling to take on business model challenges
especially in autologous T‐cell therapies
19Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Kymriah and Yescarta First Autologous CD19 CAR T‐Cells – First Gen CAR‐T Programs Approved Based on Transformative Efficacy, but Have Significant Safety, Manufacturing and Commercialization Challenges
2015 2020 2025
R/R DLBCL, Oct 2017
JCAR017 (Juno): NHLJCAR014 (Juno): CLLATA129 (Atara): EBV cancersCMV‐CTL (Atara): CMV InfectionsBPX‐501 (Bellicum): GvHDMAGE‐A10 (Adaptimmune): NSCLC
LN‐144 (Iovance): MelanomaNK‐92 (NantKwest): NE TumorAnti‐CD19 CAR‐T (ZIOPHARM): NHLUCART19 (Cellectis): ALL
R/R B‐Cell ALL, Aug 2017, R/R DLBCL, May 2018
BCIQ, Company website
20Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Limited Access for Patients (both Reimbursement and Certified Treatment Centers) Creating Long Waiting Lists Warranting Development of Broadly Accessible “Off‐the‐Shelf” Solutions
Individualized treatments have significant challenges to overcome if they are to ever become broadly available:
• Manufacturing is laborious and takes several weeks until it is ready for patient dosing
• COGS are exorbitant (raw materials including lentiviral vectors, cell processing and skilled labor)
• High cost ($373,000 to $475,000 for a one‐time treatment)
• Need for skilled hem/oncs physicians to collect cells and treat patients
• Only tertiary care centers equipped to deal with potential AEs such as CRS
• Reimbursement and risk sharing strategies still work in progress; Limited number of eligible patients have been treated with approved CARTs, since launch
https://www.technologyreview.com/s/609890/gene‐therapy‐could‐make‐cancer‐care‐more‐unequal‐and‐this‐map‐shows‐why/; https://www.us.kymriah.com/treatment‐center‐locator/; https://s3.amazonaws.com/public‐inspection.federalregister.gov/2018‐16766.pdf
• 58 Kymriah current and expected US treatment centers (Aug 6, 2018)
• CMS forecasts 373 patient to be treated with KYMRIAH and YESCARTA in 2019 increasing payments by $71,989,000 (maximum add‐on payment of $186,500 * 373 patients)
Although allogeneic and universally available ACT products are as yet moving slowly in very early stages, the market expects that such late entrants will provide competitive advancements in COGs, availability and convenience
21Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
But Valuations Suggest At Least Some PharmasAre Undeterred – Adoptive Cellular Therapies Expected to Grow to Near $8B by 2024
$0
$1
$2
$3
$4
$5
$6
$7
$8
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
WW Sales ($
B)
Top 20 Oncology Cell Therapies (2018 ‐2024)
OtherCAR‐T 1 (Sorrento Therapeutics)UCARTCS1 (Cellectis)CART T‐cell Research Program (bluebird bio)KITE‐585 (Gilead Sciences)Herceptin‐haNK (NantKwest)JCARH125 (Celgene)NY‐ESO SPEAR (GlaxoSmithKline)C‐CAR011 (Cellular Biomedicine Group)NK‐92 (NantKwest)LN‐145 (Iovance Biotherapeutics)MAGE‐A4 (Adaptimmune)bb2121 (bluebird bio)UCART123 (Cellectis)MAGE‐A10 TCR (Adaptimmune)Anti‐CD19 CAR‐T Program (ZIOPHARM Oncology)LN‐144 (Iovance Biotherapeutics)bb2121 (Celgene)JCAR017 (Celgene)Kymriah (Novartis)Yescarta (Gilead Sciences)
EvaluatePharma; DH Analysis
22Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Validation/Enthusiasm of IO Cell Therapy in Heme Malignancies, but Massive Valuation Hinges on Ability to Demonstrate Efficacy Against Solid Tumors
Clinicaltrials.gov, Adis R&D, Clarivate Analytics Cortellis, FiercePharma, Gilead press release
Whereas there are an equivalent number of IO cell therapy programs in Phase 2 clinical development for both solid and heme malignancies, there are a much higher proportion of early‐stage clinical trials and preclinical programs in the solid tumor space.
This likely reflects the fact that, while striking initial PoC has been demonstrated for anti‐CD19 CARTs in ALL, especially now with approval of Novartis’ Kymriah, and Kite’s Yescarta in DLBCL, the massive valuations for IO cell therapy companies largely hinges on the ability of these technologies to address broader solid tumor markets.
However, antigen selection and overcoming immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment is a huge barrier to realizing this potential.
23Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Next‐Gen ACT Approaches Drive Towards Broder Application in Heme and Solid Tumors by Advancements in Cell Processing, Genetic Modification, and Transfer of Enabling Features
Cell therapy figure from Innate Pharma Company website; Pipeline from Cortellis and Adis R&D Insight; Jackson HJ, Rafiq S, Brentjens RJNat Rev Clin Oncol. 2016 Jun;13(6):370‐83
Natural Properties of Autologous and Allogeneic Immune Cell Types Exploited in Diverse Approaches
Beyond Antigen Choice, Therapeutic Features are Incorporated To Overcome Immunosuppression and Mitigate Toxicities
24Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
While CARTs Enter or Approach Market, Majority of Gene Therapy Programs Remain In Early Clinical Phases
http://www.abedia.com/wiley ‐ Gene Therapy Clinical Trials Worldwide, Provided by the Journal of Gene Medicine
Phases of Gene Therapy Clinical Trials
25Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
But Path to Approval May be Rapid
http://investors.avexis.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=254285&p=irol‐newsArticle&ID=2254564
26Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
As Many Therapies Carry RMAT Designation
https://smanewstoday.com/2018/01/08/fda‐gives‐avexis‐the‐lowdown‐on‐approving‐its‐therapy‐for‐sma‐type‐1
January 8, 2018
27Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Creation Of FDA Office Of Tissues And Advanced Therapies (OTAT) And RMAT Designation Expediting Review Of Advanced Therapeutics
Created in 2016, the Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy (RMAT) designation was established under the 21st Century Cures Act to help reduce development times in the field of regenerative medicine
FDA, Federal Register, BCIQ
Regenerative medicine therapies are defined as:• Cell therapy• Tissue engineering product• Human cell/tissue product• Any combination product using the above
RMAT designation given to drugs intended to cure serious/life‐threatening conditions where preliminary clinical data suggests the potential to address an unmet need• Requested with new IND or as an amendment to an existing
IND • The agency has 60 days to review the request for RMAT
designation Analogous to breakthrough therapy designation
• More frequent FDA interactions• Include fast track features
Must apply separately for accelerated approval or priority review
The RMAT designation gives the sponsor of a new drug access to: • Increased meeting opportunities with FDA, in a manner
comparable to those offered to sponsors of breakthrough‐designated therapies
• Type B development meetings are normally restricted to one each at pre‐IND, end of Phase II/pre‐Phase III and pre‐BLA submission
• Priority review reduces the BLA assessment from 10 months to 6 months
• Accelerated approval, which bases approval on an effect on a predictive surrogate endpoint or an intermediate clinical endpoint; May require post‐approval clinical studies as well as real‐world data such as patient registries and health record analysis
• Option to qualify for fast‐track approval allows for “rolling review” of the BLA, which can be submitted for assessment following agreement of a review timetable with CBER
28Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Creation Of FDA Office Of Tissues And Advanced Therapies (OTAT) And RMAT Designation Expediting Review Of Advanced Therapeutics
Created in 2016, the Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy (RMAT) designation was established under the 21st Century Cures Act to help reduce development times in the field of regenerative medicine
FDA, Federal Register, BCIQ
Regenerative medicine therapies are defined as:• Cell therapy• Tissue engineering product• Human cell/tissue product• Any combination product using the above
RMAT designation given to drugs intended to cure serious/life‐threatening conditions where preliminary clinical data suggests the potential to address an unmet need• Requested with new IND or as an amendment to an existing
IND • The agency has 60 days to review the request for RMAT
designation Analogous to breakthrough therapy designation
• More frequent FDA interactions• Include fast track features
Must apply separately for accelerated approval or priority review
The RMAT designation gives the sponsor of a new drug access to: • Increased meeting opportunities with FDA, in a manner
comparable to those offered to sponsors of breakthrough‐designated therapies
• Type B development meetings are normally restricted to one each at pre‐IND, end of Phase II/pre‐Phase III and pre‐BLA submission
• Priority review reduces the BLA assessment from 10 months to 6 months
• Accelerated approval, which bases approval on an effect on a predictive surrogate endpoint or an intermediate clinical endpoint; May require post‐approval clinical studies as well as real‐world data such as patient registries and health record analysis
• Option to qualify for fast‐track approval allows for “rolling review” of the BLA, which can be submitted for assessment following agreement of a review timetable with CBER
RMAT designation given to drugs intended to cure serious/life‐threatening conditions where preliminary clinical data suggests the potential to address an unmet need
RMAT designation given to drugs intended to cure serious/life‐threatening conditions where preliminary clinical data suggests the potential to address an unmet need
29Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Gene Tx Field Crosses All Therapeutic Areas But Two‐Thirds of Programs are In Oncology
http://www.abedia.com/wiley ‐ Gene Therapy Clinical Trials Worldwide, Provided by the Journal of Gene Medicine
Indications Addressed by Gene Therapy Clinical Trials
30Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
But Majority of Pharma has Not Yet Bought Into Gene Therapy Approaches to Cancer, Even for P3 Programs
Does obsession with T‐cell directed therapies lead to less or no interest in gene based approaches to Immuno‐Oncology?
https://tocagen.com/wp‐content/uploads/pipeline‐10‐25‐17.pdf; Yahoo Finance (stock chart), Market Cap as of 10‐Oct‐2018
Market Cap: $271.14 M
Readout expected end of 2019
31Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Though a Much Smaller Percentage of Inventory, Gene Therapies for Rare Monogenic Disorders Have Garnered the Most Attention From Both Pharma and Investors
Yahoo Finance; Market Cap as of 10‐Oct‐2018
Market Cap: $1.82 BMarket Cap: $6.99 B
32Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
While Oncology Players Can Probably Safely Sit on the Sidelines and Wait for Data, Inactivity in Gene Therapy By Ophthalmology, Hemophilia and IEM Companies May Carry Threat of Therapeutic Franchise Obsolescence
Ophthalmology Hemophilia Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM)
33Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Approximately 75 Products Are In Development For One Or More Inherited Retinal Dystrophies, With Gene Therapies the Leading Approach
Adis R&D Insight; Clarivate Analytics Cortellis; DH Analysis; *products may be in development for more than one indication
Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) and Leber’s Congenital Amaurosis (LCA) gene/cell therapy pipeline is competitive; but market is fragmented with numerous patient segments
The eye is an ideal organ for gene‐replacement therapy given its accessibility, immune privilege, small size and compartmentalization
Clinical studies have already shown that in vivo gene addition approaches can benefit specific groups of RP patients (e.g., RPE65 for patients with LCA); Gene editing approaches are also being developed with PoC studies focused on LCA patients with mutations in CEP290, a gene too large to address with AAV vectors
Gene therapy, 38
Small molecule, 17
Other biologic, 12
Cell therapy,
9
# Products by Type
58
10 83
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
RP LCA Usher Syndrome Other IRD
# Products by Indication*
34Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
http://ir.sparktx.com/static‐files/eb8d4229‐6ab2‐48b9‐9d0e‐c1b1d604caf7; https://www.genengnews.com/gen‐news‐highlights/fda‐advisory‐panel‐unanimously‐recommends‐approval‐of‐spark‐therapeutics‐gene‐therapy‐luxturna/81255043
Spark Therapeutics' Luxturna, Indicated For Biallelic RPE65‐mediated IRDs, First FDA Approved In‐vivo Gene Addition Therapy Approved by the FDA
In the pivotal trial, Luxturna showed statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in the following:• Primary endpoint of mean bilateral MLMT change score
(patients’ ability to navigate a mobility course under a variety of specified light levels)
• Gain in functional vision based on MLMT in 93% (27/29) with 72% achieving maximum improvement (to 1 lux) – no product‐related SAEs observed
• 3‐year data (n=20) and 4‐year data (n=4) from Phase 3 add evidence to durability of effect; no statistically significant signs of a waning of therapeutic effect
• Met two of three secondary endpoints• There were no drug‐related serious adverse events observed
and no deleterious immune responses The FDA’s Advisory Committee voted 16 to 0 to recommend approval of Luxturna (Priority Review PDUFA date of Jan 12, 2018)
Luxturna is indicated as a one‐time gene therapy for the treatment of patients with vision loss due to confirmed biallelicRPE65‐mediated inherited retinal dystrophies
35Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Substantial Competition Between Advanced Therapeutics Platforms for Both Hemophilia A & B
Adis Insight; Clarivate Analytics Cortellis
autologous stem cell therapy(University of California Davis)
enzyme/protein replacement therapy
(Immusoft)Factor VIII gene
restoration therapy(ToolGen/Seoul National
Univ/K‐STEMCELL)genetically engineered
cell strains(Sernova Corp)
hematopoietic Factor VIII gene therapy
(Discovery Genomics/Univ. of Minnesota)
LG 889(Opus Bio/Expression/
Emory)BAX 888(Shire/Baxalta)
BMN 270(BioMarin/UCL/
St Jude)
DTX 201(Dimension/Bayer)
Factor VIII gene therapy(Sangamo BioSciences)
GREF8(Greffex)
hemophilia A gene therapy(uniQure)
SPK8011(Spark Therapeutics)
SB‐FVIII(Sangamo BioSciences)
2bFVIII gene therapy(Medical College of Wisconsin)
hemophilia A/B gene therapy(Biogen/TIGET)
Retroductal gene delivery systems
(Genteric Inc,)
Cell therapy, ex vivo, autologous
Gene therapy, in vivo, AAV
Gene therapy, in vivo,
gene editing
Gene therapy, in vivo, lentiviral
Gene therapy, otherPreclinical
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Marketed
36Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Hemophilia A, in Particular, may be a Battleground for Multiple Competing Therapeutic Platforms: Factor VIII Case
Global sales of Factor VIII drugs are projected to grow from ~$8.7B to $11B over the next 5 years
Long‐acting products are expected to drive growth but disruptive innovation could change the future landscape
Evaluate Pharma (Obizur and Nuwiq sales are captured in the “Other” category)
Bispecific Antibodies: Although questions remain about the long‐term safety and durability of Roche/Chugai’s bispecific FIXa/X antibody, ACE910 has the potential to change the management of inhibitors in the near term and could disrupt the broader Hemophilia A landscape in the long term if proven to be as effective as Factor VIII replacement in the on‐demand and prophylaxis treatment settings
RNAi Agents: Alnylam’s ALN‐AT3 (fitusiran), an RNAi agent designed to knock down antithrombin, showed promising efficacy, safety and tolerability Phase 1b data at WFH 2016
Gene Therapy: Several gene therapies for Hemophilia A are in development (Spark/Pfizer, UniQure, Dimension/Bayer, BioMarin, and Shire); BioMarin reported encouraging data from a cohort of eight hemophilia A patients dosed with AAV5‐based gene therapy BMN 270 in April 2016
37Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
• Sangamo’s IND application for ZFP Therapeutic (SB FIX) for hemophilia B and (SB‐525) for hemophilia A was approved by the FDA
• The two hemophilia programs are the first in a platform of IVPRP assets that use intravenous AAV‐delivered ZFP/ZFNs to target the albumin locus and drive permanent expression of therapeutic proteins for a wide range of deficiency diseases, including the hemophilias, LSDs, and other metabolic diseases
Further Disruption Potential in Hemophilia: In‐vivo Gene Editing Already In The Clinic
http://investor.sangamo.com/releases.cfm
38Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Disruption in Commercial Markets for Enzyme Replacements: Gene Therapy Approaches Also Advancing in Clinic
http://www.avrobio.com/pipeline/
39Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
A Big Pharma’s Commitment to Rare Disease May be a “Marker” for Next Up Gene Therapy Acquirers
EvaluatePharma; includes preclinical‐marketed assets in full portfolio for percent rare disease calculation
Rare Disease Portfolio (excl. oncology) of the Top 10 Pharma Companiesby Source of Program & % of Portfolio
Top 10 Pharma Companies External Source(M&A, Licensing, Product Acq.)
Internal Source(Organic)
% of Overall Portfolio
Pfizer 33 11 7.6%Novartis 22 24 9.9%Roche 18 7 8.3%Merck & Co 14 3 4.7%Johnson & Johnson 15 5 5.1%Sanofi 37 5 9.3%GlaxoSmithKline 25 5 7.3%AbbVie 7 4.5%Gilead Sciences 6 1 7.1%Amgen 8 2 8.1%
40Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Allogene Deal Sees Pfizer Exit From CART and Become Passive Investor Instead
https://www.pfizer.com/news/press‐release/press‐release‐detail/pfizer_and_allogene_therapeutics_enter_into_asset_contribution_agreement_for_pfizer_s_al logeneic_car_t_immuno_oncology_portfolio
41Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
But With Rare Disease Set Forth as Clear Priority, Pfizer Will Very Likely be Shoppingfor Gene Therapies
https://www.pfizer.com/health‐wellness/disease‐conditions/rare‐disease
42Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Can Challenges to Business Model be Surmounted?
43Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
While All Therapeutic Platforms Face Increasing Pressure on TPPs; Advanced Therapeutics Programs Encounter Unique Challenges, Especially to Business Model
Biology more tractable but risk still associated with clinical translation • Scale‐up, delivery, stability, immunogenicity• Safety – e.g. anaphylaxis, insertional mutagenesis, cytokine
storm More favorable regulatory environment (RMAT)
• However, innovative clinical endpoints necessary Does not fit nicely into pharma scalability model
• Complicated IP and stacking royalties• Individualized vs. one‐size fits all• Involves devices and process
Manufacturing: Reproducibility, scalability, high cost of goods Market access: Value‐based pricing in different payer systems
• Degree of improvement – restore to normal or somewhere in between?
• Durability – short effect or long term cure? Bioethics: Boundaries of use, testing in vulnerable populations
AdvancedTherapeutics
Disruptive
Tech
nologies
Biological / PathophysiologyUnderstanding
UNMETNEEDS
Defined ClinicalEndpoints
Commercial MarketBuilding
Reimbursement
Market AccessRegulatory
Patient Advocacy
Translational
Medicine
44Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Usually “One‐ Off” treatments
Limited follow up duration at time of reimbursement dossier submission
Gene and Cell Therapies
Promising long‐term benefits
Strong uncertainty on sustainability of effects
Pharma and biotech companies communicating to financial investors prices based on multiples of expensive drugs for chronic therapies – unlikely to be accepted by payers
Pharma and biotech companies suggesting annuity programs – may be impossible currently from a practical point of view in most health systems
Emerging Advanced Therapeutics are Likely to be Associated with Significant Payer Value Uncertainty
© Therapeutic Challenges Analysis, 2016 , Compass Strategic Consultants
45Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Pricing And Market Access For Gene & Cell Therapies
Brand Company Indication Price Comments
Glybera UniQure/Chiesi
Lipoprotein lipase deficiency patients who have acute and chronic pancreatitis attacks
$1M+
• First gene therapy approved in Europe; however, none of the price setting markets provided access. HTA groups in Germany and France concluded that the benefit is insufficient to justify reimbursement.
• UniQure decided not to renew marketing authorization in Europe and abandoned plans for commercialization in the US
Strimvelis ADA‐SCID or “bubble boy syndrome”
$714,000(£594,000)
• Extremely rare condition affecting ~15 patients per year in Europe• Faced reimbursement and payment hurdles ‐ despite the money back
guarantee and pay‐for‐performance pricing model, GSK struggled to make Strimvelis a commercial success
Kymriah Novartis B‐cel l precursor ALL for patients <25 years
$475,000 ALL$373,000 DLBCL
• First CAR‐T therapy approved in the US• R/R ALL Outcomes‐based reimbursement model ‐ full payment only if the
patients respond to therapy 30 days after initiating treatment• R/R DLBCL does not offer any outcomes‐based concessions
Yescarta Gilead/Kite Pharma
Relapsed/refractory large B‐cell lymphoma, including DLBCL $373,000 DLBCL
• 2nd CAR‐T therapy approved in the US for a much larger patient population• Has a boxed warning for cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurologic
toxicities, thus part of a REMS program• CMS & some private insurers lack billing codes for CAR‐T treatments.
Luxturna csConfi rmed biallelic RPE65 mutation‐associated retinal dystrophy
$850,000 or $425,000/eye
• Three innovative programs to improve access:1) Outcomes‐based rebate linked to short‐ and long‐term efficacy; 2) Installment payment option negotiated with CMS with greater rebates
tied to clinical outcomes;3) Agreement with commercial payers for alternative contracting to “buy
and bill”
46Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Luxturna Launched At $850K With Payment Linked To Both Short‐term Efficacy (30‐90 Days) and Longer‐Term Durability (30 Months) Measures
“We believe that access to therapy is a shared responsibility among Spark Therapeutics, payers, health benefit providers, physicians and treatment centers. We have been working with stakeholders across the health care sector to help ensure that appropriate patients have access to a product that challenges all of the current conventions of how patients are treated, how products are delivered and how payments are handled.”
Jeffrey D. Marrazzo, CEO of Spark Therapeutics
http://sparktx.com/investors‐media/media/; https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/spark‐prices‐gene‐therapy‐luxturna‐at‐850k‐grabbing‐top‐spot‐pharma‐s‐costliest‐drugs
Spark sets off gene therapy debate with $850K sticker on Luxturna There's a new medicine atop of pharma's global pricing charts, and it's Spark Therapeutics' Luxturna. After winning FDA approval in December, the company said Wednesday its gene therapy will cost $850,000, or $425,000 per eye before discounts.
To soften the blow, Spark is introducing outcomes‐based deals with Harvard Pilgrim and Express Scripts affiliates—and it's in talks for more. Under those arrangements, the company won't collect full payment if its superpricey drug doesn't work. The company is alsoworking on a proposal with the CMS that would allow payments over multiple years.
Luxturna treats a rare inherited disease that can lead to blindness and works by delivering a gene called RPE65 into a patient's retinal cells, which then produce a protein to restore vision loss. While $850,000 is a staggering figure on its face, the price actually came in lower than a $1 million estimate by Wall Street analysts. Before the launch, Spark CEO Jeffrey D. Marrazzo said the one‐time treatment offers "a value in excess" of $1 million. In a statement Wednesday, Marrazzo said his company believes "access to therapy is a shared responsibility among Spark Therapeutics, payers, health benefit providers, physicians and treatment centers.“ To that end, the company has "been working with stakeholders across the health care sector to help ensure that appropriate patients have access to a product that challenges all of the current conventions of how patients are treated, how products are delivered and how payments are handled," the helmsman said. But even though Evercore ISI analyst Steve Breazzano said the price came in "generally within expectations," the company quickly ran into criticism from patient advocates. "Spark Therapeutics is charging as much for Luxturna as they think they can get away with," Patients for Affordable Drugs president David Mitchell said in a statement shortly after theannouncement. "Our system cannot handle unjustified prices like this, and the new payment models announced today are merely away to disguise a price that is simply too high."
Breazzano said Spark is "clearly focused on moving away from this one‐time upfront payment to an annuity‐like model with payments over multiple years." But for now, those efforts are in early stages, according to the analyst.
How does Luxturna's price compare to some of pharma's other superpricey drugs? The first year of Biogen's Spinraza costs $750,000—the med is $375,000 for subsequent years—while BioMarin's Brineura, approved last year, costs $702,000 before discounts. Both are recurring treatments versus the one‐time nature of Luxturna. UniQure's Glybera, now discontinued, cost $1.2 million in Europe, but its commercial use was limited and the drugmaker opted to stop pouring resources into marketing the drug. Spark's gene therapy approval followed FDA clearance of CAR‐T cell therapies from Novartis in August and Gilead in October. Novartis also has an outcomes‐based contract on its Kymriah, which costs $475,000 to treat a rare form of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Both drugmakers plan to expand the technology into other uses.
47Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Luxturna Launched At $850K With Payment Linked To Both Short‐term Efficacy (30‐90 Days) And Longer‐Term Durability (30 Months) Measures
“We believe that access to therapy is a shared responsibility among Spark Therapeutics, payers, health benefit providers, physicians and treatment centers. We have been working with stakeholders across the health care sector to help ensure that appropriate patients have access to a product that challenges all of the current conventions of how patients are treated, how products are delivered and how payments are handled.”
Jeffrey D. Marrazzo, CEO of Spark Therapeutics
http://sparktx.com/investors‐media/media/; https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/spark‐prices‐gene‐therapy‐luxturna‐at‐850k‐grabbing‐top‐spot‐pharma‐s‐costliest‐drugs
Spark sets off gene therapy debate with $850K sticker on Luxturna There's a new medicine atop of pharma's global pricing charts, and it's Spark Therapeutics' Luxturna. After winning FDA approval in December, the company said Wednesday its gene therapy will cost $850,000, or $425,000 per eye before discounts.
To soften the blow, Spark is introducing outcomes‐based deals with Harvard Pilgrim and Express Scripts affiliates—and it's in talks for more. Under those arrangements, the company won't collect full payment if its superpricey drug doesn't work. The company is alsoworking on a proposal with the CMS that would allow payments over multiple years.
Luxturna treats a rare inherited disease that can lead to blindness and works by delivering a gene called RPE65 into a patient's retinal cells, which then produce a protein to restore vision loss. While $850,000 is a staggering figure on its face, the price actually came in lower than a $1 million estimate by Wall Street analysts. Before the launch, Spark CEO Jeffrey D. Marrazzo said the one‐time treatment offers "a value in excess" of $1 million. In a statement Wednesday, Marrazzo said his company believes "access to therapy is a shared responsibility among Spark Therapeutics, payers, health benefit providers, physicians and treatment centers.“ To that end, the company has "been working with stakeholders across the health care sector to help ensure that appropriate patients have access to a product that challenges all of the current conventions of how patients are treated, how products are delivered and how payments are handled," the helmsman said. But even though Evercore ISI analyst Steve Breazzano said the price came in "generally within expectations," the company quickly ran into criticism from patient advocates. "Spark Therapeutics is charging as much for Luxturna as they think they can get away with," Patients for Affordable Drugs president David Mitchell said in a statement shortly after theannouncement. "Our system cannot handle unjustified prices like this, and the new payment models announced today are merely away to disguise a price that is simply too high."
Breazzano said Spark is "clearly focused on moving away from this one‐time upfront payment to an annuity‐like model with payments over multiple years." But for now, those efforts are in early stages, according to the analyst.
How does Luxturna's price compare to some of pharma's other superpricey drugs? The first year of Biogen's Spinraza costs $750,000—the med is $375,000 for subsequent years—while BioMarin's Brineura, approved last year, costs $702,000 before discounts. Both are recurring treatments versus the one‐time nature of Luxturna. UniQure's Glybera, now discontinued, cost $1.2 million in Europe, but its commercial use was limited and the drugmaker opted to stop pouring resources into marketing the drug. Spark's gene therapy approval followed FDA clearance of CAR‐T cell therapies from Novartis in August and Gilead in October. Novartis also has an outcomes‐based contract on its Kymriah, which costs $475,000 to treat a rare form of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Both drugmakers plan to expand the technology into other uses.
To soften the blow, Spark is introducing outcomes‐based deals with Harvard Pilgrim and Express Scripts affiliates—and it's in talks for more. Under those arrangements, the company won't collect full payment if its super‐pricey drug doesn't work. The company is also working on a proposal with the CMS that would allow payments over multiple years.
To soften the blow, Spark is introducing outcomes‐based deals with Harvard Pilgrim and Express Scripts affiliates—and it's in talks for more. Under those arrangements, the company won't collect full payment if its super‐pricey drug doesn't work. The company is also working on a proposal with the CMS that would allow payments over multiple years.
48Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Luxturna Launched At $850K With Payment Linked To Both Short‐term Efficacy (30‐90 Days) And Longer‐Term Durability (30 Months) Measures
“We believe that access to therapy is a shared responsibility among Spark Therapeutics, payers, health benefit providers, physicians and treatment centers. We have been working with stakeholders across the health care sector to help ensure that appropriate patients have access to a product that challenges all of the current conventions of how patients are treated, how products are delivered and how payments are handled.”
Jeffrey D. Marrazzo, CEO of Spark Therapeutics
http://sparktx.com/investors‐media/media/; https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/spark‐prices‐gene‐therapy‐luxturna‐at‐850k‐grabbing‐top‐spot‐pharma‐s‐costliest‐drugs
Spark sets off gene therapy debate with $850K sticker on Luxturna There's a new medicine atop of pharma's global pricing charts, and it's Spark Therapeutics' Luxturna. After winning FDA approval in December, the company said Wednesday its gene therapy will cost $850,000, or $425,000 per eye before discounts.
To soften the blow, Spark is introducing outcomes‐based deals with Harvard Pilgrim and Express Scripts affiliates—and it's in talks for more. Under those arrangements, the company won't collect full payment if its superpricey drug doesn't work. The company is alsoworking on a proposal with the CMS that would allow payments over multiple years.
Luxturna treats a rare inherited disease that can lead to blindness and works by delivering a gene called RPE65 into a patient's retinal cells, which then produce a protein to restore vision loss. While $850,000 is a staggering figure on its face, the price actually came in lower than a $1 million estimate by Wall Street analysts. Before the launch, Spark CEO Jeffrey D. Marrazzo said the one‐time treatment offers "a value in excess" of $1 million. In a statement Wednesday, Marrazzo said his company believes "access to therapy is a shared responsibility among Spark Therapeutics, payers, health benefit providers, physicians and treatment centers.“ To that end, the company has "been working with stakeholders across the health care sector to help ensure that appropriate patients have access to a product that challenges all of the current conventions of how patients are treated, how products are delivered and how payments are handled," the helmsman said. But even though Evercore ISI analyst Steve Breazzano said the price came in "generally within expectations," the company quickly ran into criticism from patient advocates. "Spark Therapeutics is charging as much for Luxturna as they think they can get away with," Patients for Affordable Drugs president David Mitchell said in a statement shortly after theannouncement. "Our system cannot handle unjustified prices like this, and the new payment models announced today are merely away to disguise a price that is simply too high."
Breazzano said Spark is "clearly focused on moving away from this one‐time upfront payment to an annuity‐like model with payments over multiple years." But for now, those efforts are in early stages, according to the analyst.
How does Luxturna's price compare to some of pharma's other superpricey drugs? The first year of Biogen's Spinraza costs $750,000—the med is $375,000 for subsequent years—while BioMarin's Brineura, approved last year, costs $702,000 before discounts. Both are recurring treatments versus the one‐time nature of Luxturna. UniQure's Glybera, now discontinued, cost $1.2 million in Europe, but its commercial use was limited and the drugmaker opted to stop pouring resources into marketing the drug. Spark's gene therapy approval followed FDA clearance of CAR‐T cell therapies from Novartis in August and Gilead in October. Novartis also has an outcomes‐based contract on its Kymriah, which costs $475,000 to treat a rare form of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Both drugmakers plan to expand the technology into other uses.
Breazzano said Spark is "clearly focused on moving away from this one‐time upfront payment to an annuity‐like model with payments over multiple years." But for now, those efforts are in early stages, according to the analyst.
Breazzano said Spark is "clearly focused on moving away from this one‐time upfront payment to an annuity‐like model with payments over multiple years." But for now, those efforts are in early stages, according to the analyst.
49Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
ICER Releases Its Evidence Report On Luxturna For Public Comment
https://www.statnews.com/2018/01/12/price‐gene‐therapy‐childhood‐blindess/?utm_source=STAT+Newsletters&utm_campaign=3098c86d3c‐Daily_Recap&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_8cab1d7961‐3098c86d3c‐149648341
At $850,000, price for new childhood blindness gene therapy four times too high, analysis saysThe $850,000 list price for a new medicine that treats a genetic form of childhood blindness is about four times too high for the value the drug provides, a nonprofit that studies the cost‐effectiveness of new drugs said Friday, though it added that the price of the drug is cost‐effective for select patients and with certain assumptions. The report from the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review focused on the medicine Luxturna, the first‐of‐its‐kind gene therapy approved for the U.S. market and the most expensive medicine by list price. It is the latest flashpoint in the debate over how to afford an innovative medicine — in this case, a therapy that corrects a genetic mutation in people’s cells — that carries, and in some views, deserves, a pricey list cost.
In its report, ICER said a cost‐effective price for Luxturna would be $153,000 to $217,000 — a discount of 75 percent or more. ICER cited a lack of data that Luxturna causes permanent improvements in vision as a key reason that its developer, Spark Therapeutics, should not be charging so much. ICER reached its suggested list price for Luxturna by assuming that a 15‐year‐old person (the average age of the patients enrolled in the clinical trials) would experience improvements for a decade or two and taking into account the benefits to the health care system. It added that when it also took into account the benefits related to education, caregiver burdens, and productivity, the drug’s list price should still be cut in half. ICER, however, did say that the drug’s list price met its standards for “cost‐effectiveness thresholds” when it analyzed treating 3‐year‐old patients. In that case, it took into account both medical and societal benefits, and assumed the vision improvements would last for the patients’ whole lives.
Ahead of Spark’s pricing announcement earlier this month, some analysts forecasted the price could reach $1 million. Between the list price coming in under those expectations and the reimbursement arrangements the company struck, some experts credited Spark withcrafting a thoughtful payment plan and picking a price that was in the range of other medicines that pushed the boundaries of what past therapies could do. The Food and Drug Administration approved Luxturna in December to treat people with a rare and progressive retinal disease caused by a mutation in the RPE65 gene. People with the mutation can eventually go completely blind. The pricing of gene therapies like Luxturna has been closely watched, and raised a fascinating question: How much are we willing to pay for a cure?
While Luxturna is a one‐time therapy, it does not “cure” people born with mutated RPE65 genes; instead, it is meant to stop disease progression and restore some visual strength. But other gene therapies in pipelines could, by replacing faulty genes with functional ones, actually amount to cures. If they are able to reverse or prevent disease — and avoid all the future medical costs that accompany long‐lasting conditions — how much is fair for the drug makers to recoup? Spark has said it is negotiating deals with health plans to repay them should patients not be successfully treated. It is also discussing allowing insurers to pay for the therapy over several years instead of all at once.
50Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
ICER Releases Its Evidence Report On Luxturna For Public Comment
https://www.statnews.com/2018/01/12/price‐gene‐therapy‐childhood‐blindess/?utm_source=STAT+Newsletters&utm_campaign=3098c86d3c‐Daily_Recap&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_8cab1d7961‐3098c86d3c‐149648341
At $850,000, price for new childhood blindness gene therapy four times too high, analysis saysThe $850,000 list price for a new medicine that treats a genetic form of childhood blindness is about four times too high for the value the drug provides, a nonprofit that studies the cost‐effectiveness of new drugs said Friday, though it added that the price of the drug is cost‐effective for select patients and with certain assumptions. The report from the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review focused on the medicine Luxturna, the first‐of‐its‐kind gene therapy approved for the U.S. market and the most expensive medicine by list price. It is the latest flashpoint in the debate over how to afford an innovative medicine — in this case, a therapy that corrects a genetic mutation in people’s cells — that carries, and in some views, deserves, a pricey list cost.
In its report, ICER said a cost‐effective price for Luxturna would be $153,000 to $217,000 — a discount of 75 percent or more. ICER cited a lack of data that Luxturna causes permanent improvements in vision as a key reason that its developer, Spark Therapeutics, should not be charging so much. ICER reached its suggested list price for Luxturna by assuming that a 15‐year‐old person (the average age of the patients enrolled in the clinical trials) would experience improvements for a decade or two and taking into account the benefits to the health care system. It added that when it also took into account the benefits related to education, caregiver burdens, and productivity, the drug’s list price should still be cut in half. ICER, however, did say that the drug’s list price met its standards for “cost‐effectiveness thresholds” when it analyzed treating 3‐year‐old patients. In that case, it took into account both medical and societal benefits, and assumed the vision improvements would last for the patients’ whole lives.
Ahead of Spark’s pricing announcement earlier this month, some analysts forecasted the price could reach $1 million. Between the list price coming in under those expectations and the reimbursement arrangements the company struck, some experts credited Spark withcrafting a thoughtful payment plan and picking a price that was in the range of other medicines that pushed the boundaries of what past therapies could do. The Food and Drug Administration approved Luxturna in December to treat people with a rare and progressive retinal disease caused by a mutation in the RPE65 gene. People with the mutation can eventually go completely blind. The pricing of gene therapies like Luxturna has been closely watched, and raised a fascinating question: How much are we willing to pay for a cure?
While Luxturna is a one‐time therapy, it does not “cure” people born with mutated RPE65 genes; instead, it is meant to stop disease progression and restore some visual strength. But other gene therapies in pipelines could, by replacing faulty genes with functional ones, actually amount to cures. If they are able to reverse or prevent disease — and avoid all the future medical costs that accompany long‐lasting conditions — how much is fair for the drug makers to recoup? Spark has said it is negotiating deals with health plans to repay them should patients not be successfully treated. It is also discussing allowing insurers to pay for the therapy over several years instead of all at once.
“While the evidence is clear the therapy improves vision for patients over several years, the long‐term duration of this benefit remains unknown,” Dr. David Rind, ICER’s chief medical officer, said in a statement. “Assuming a 10‐ to 20‐year period of benefit, at list price the treatment does not meet standard cost‐effectiveness thresholds, even after accounting for the broader societal benefits improved vision has on productivity and education costs.”
“While the evidence is clear the therapy improves vision for patients over several years, the long‐term duration of this benefit remains unknown,” Dr. David Rind, ICER’s chief medical officer, said in a statement. “Assuming a 10‐ to 20‐year period of benefit, at list price the treatment does not meet standard cost‐effectiveness thresholds, even after accounting for the broader societal benefits improved vision has on productivity and education costs.”
51Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
ICER Final Report: Broader Benefits of Voretigene Neparvovec to Affected Individuals and Society Provide Reasonable Long‐Term Value Despite High Price
BOSTON, February 14, 2018‐The Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) today released a Final Evidence Report and Report‐at‐a‐Glance on vore gene neparvovec (VN; Luxturna™, Spark Therapeu cs) for treatment of vision loss associated with RPE65‐mediated retinal disease. Approved in 2017, VN is the first treatment for this condition.
ICER's report was reviewed at a public meeting of the Midwest Comparative Effectiveness Public Advisory Council (Midwest CEPAC), where the Council unanimously voted that the therapy provides a net health benefit to those affected by RPE65‐mediated retinal disease. Results of votes on value were mixed, with the majority of the members voting that VN provided intermediate long‐term value for money. Uncertainty remains around the long‐term effectiveness of the therapy, and ICER's analyses found cost‐effectiveness to far exceed commonly accepted thresholds; however, the therapy's role as the only treatment option available for an ultra‐rare condition, and as the first therapy approved in the US targeting a disease caused by mutations in a specific gene, created special considerations that weighed heavily in many Council members' votes.
"Voretigene neparvovec has a very high cost, and the long‐term durability of its effect is uncertain. However, this is an effective treatment that gives people with a serious, ultra‐rare condition a treatment option where they previously had none," noted David Rind, MD, MSc. "Payers and other policymakers must strike a difficult balance in judging the value of this therapy, recognizing the treatment's broader benefits to affected individuals and society while simultaneously working to maintain health insurance affordability. As an increasing number of therapies for ultra‐rare conditions enter the market, stakeholders must collaborate to develop new approaches to pricing and payment that can reward innovation while preserving access to high‐value care for all patients."
Policy Recommendations
Following the voting session during the Midwest CEPAC meeting, a policy roundtable of experts, including a physician, an individual who had received treatment with voretigene, a former commissioner of rehabilitative services who also has retinal disease, and pharmacy benefit manager representatives convened to discuss the implications of the evidence for policy and practice.
https://icer‐review.org/material/voretigene‐final‐report/?utm_source=VN+final+report&utm_campaign=TD+Evid ence+Report&utm_medium=email
52Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
ICER Final Report: Broader Benefits of Voretigene Neparvovec to Affected Individuals and Society Provide Reasonable Long‐Term Value Despite High Price
BOSTON, February 14, 2018‐The Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) today released a Final Evidence Report and Report‐at‐a‐Glance on vore gene neparvovec (VN; Luxturna™, Spark Therapeu cs) for treatment of vision loss associated with RPE65‐mediated retinal disease. Approved in 2017, VN is the first treatment for this condition.
ICER's report was reviewed at a public meeting of the Midwest Comparative Effectiveness Public Advisory Council (Midwest CEPAC), where the Council unanimously voted that the therapy provides a net health benefit to those affected by RPE65‐mediated retinal disease. Results of votes on value were mixed, with the majority of the members voting that VN provided intermediate long‐term value for money. Uncertainty remains around the long‐term effectiveness of the therapy, and ICER's analyses found cost‐effectiveness to far exceed commonly accepted thresholds; however, the therapy's role as the only treatment option available for an ultra‐rare condition, and as the first therapy approved in the US targeting a disease caused by mutations in a specific gene, created special considerations that weighed heavily in many Council members' votes.
"Voretigene neparvovec has a very high cost, and the long‐term durability of its effect is uncertain. However, this is an effective treatment that gives people with a serious, ultra‐rare condition a treatment option where they previously had none," noted David Rind, MD, MSc. "Payers and other policymakers must strike a difficult balance in judging the value of this therapy, recognizing the treatment's broader benefits to affected individuals and society while simultaneously working to maintain health insurance affordability. As an increasing number of therapies for ultra‐rare conditions enter the market, stakeholders must collaborate to develop new approaches to pricing and payment that can reward innovation while preserving access to high‐value care for all patients."
Policy Recommendations
Following the voting session during the Midwest CEPAC meeting, a policy roundtable of experts, including a physician, an individual who had received treatment with voretigene, a former commissioner of rehabilitative services who also has retinal disease, and pharmacy benefit manager representatives convened to discuss the implications of the evidence for policy and practice.
https://icer‐review.org/material/voretigene‐final‐report/?utm_source=VN+final+report&utm_campaign=TD+Evid ence+Report&utm_medium=email
Key recommendations from the roundtable discussion include:• Manufacturers should reach out to public and private payers ahead of FDA approval to negotiate innovative pricing and reimbursement strategies for high‐cost therapies like VN that are delivered once but offer potentially long‐term benefits. Spark Therapeutics' development of reimbursement strategies for VN should be considered as potential best practice by other manufacturers of high cost therapies for ultra‐rare conditions.
• The CMS should take steps to permit private payers to use innovative payment mechanisms without triggering Medicaid Best Price constraints.
• Clinical societies, patient groups, and the manufacturer of VN should work to educate all optometrists and ophthalmologists about RPE65‐mediated retinal diseases and develop referral networks to facilitate rapid diagnosis.
• Payers and the manufacturer should collaborate with retinal specialists to develop policies that promote appropriate access to genetic testing for individuals at high‐risk of treatable genetic retinal diseases.
Key recommendations from the roundtable discussion include:• Manufacturers should reach out to public and private payers ahead of FDA approval to negotiate innovative pricing and reimbursement strategies for high‐cost therapies like VN that are delivered once but offer potentially long‐term benefits. Spark Therapeutics' development of reimbursement strategies for VN should be considered as potential best practice by other manufacturers of high cost therapies for ultra‐rare conditions.
• The CMS should take steps to permit private payers to use innovative payment mechanisms without triggering Medicaid Best Price constraints.
• Clinical societies, patient groups, and the manufacturer of VN should work to educate all optometrists and ophthalmologists about RPE65‐mediated retinal diseases and develop referral networks to facilitate rapid diagnosis.
• Payers and the manufacturer should collaborate with retinal specialists to develop policies that promote appropriate access to genetic testing for individuals at high‐risk of treatable genetic retinal diseases.
53Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Proving Durable Benefit May Be Relatively More Critical in Ophthalmology Than in Rapidly Fatal Diseases (Such as SMA): Nightstar Example
http://ir.nightstartx.com/presentations, Corporate Overview July 9, 2018
54Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Unlike Luxturna, AveXis 101 Has a Drug Pricing “Precedent” in Spinraza
CureSMA; UpToDate.com; https://www.spinraza‐hcp.com/en_us/home/about/mechanism‐of‐action.html
Spinraza (nusinersen) is an antisense oligonucleotide that is designed to increase expression of the SMN protein, which is deficient in SMA
Spinraza is administered by intrathecal injection; each dose is 12 mg per 5 mL supplied in a single vial• Initiated with four loading doses; the first three loading doses
are given at 14 day intervals, while the fourth loading dose is given 30 days after the third; Thereafter, a maintenance dose is given once every 4 months
The cost of each dose is listed as $125,000
FDA approval was based mainly upon an interim analysis of the multicenter, double‐blind, unpublished ENDEAR trial
• Enrolled infants with SMA who were <7 months of age were randomly assigned to intrathecal nusinersenor sham treatment
• In an interim analysis of 82 eligible patients, improvement in motor milestones (eg, head control, sitting, kicking in supine position, rolling, crawling, standing, and walking) as measured by the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) was observed in 40 percent of patients treated with nusinersen, versus none for those who received the sham procedure
• In addition, the FDA noted that data from uncontrolled, open label studies evaluating nusinersen for symptomatic patients (ages 30 days to 15 years) and presymptomaticpatients (ages 8 to 42 days) were supportive of the clinical benefit as was seen in the ENDEAR trial
55Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
SpinrazaDiscussion Quickly Turned From Breakthrough Therapy To Value And Access Debate
56Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Although Spinraza Has The Potential To Change The Course Of SMA, A Number Of Ethical Challenges Revolve Around Its Use
https://smanewstoday.com/2017/12/20/spinal‐muscular‐atrophy‐researchers‐shine‐spotlight‐on‐spinraza‐ethical‐challenges/
Spinal Muscular Atrophy Researchers Identify Spinraza Ethical ChallengesIn an article in the journal JAMA Pediatrics, they maintained that the healthcare system needs to address six issues to ensure that SMA patients “benefit from treatment, are protected from harm, and are treated fairly.” The title of the piece is “Ethical Challenges Confronted When Providing Nusinersen Treatment for Spinal Muscular Atrophy,” The group, led by Dr. Alyssa M. Burgart of Stanford University, said the biggest challenge is cost.
Spinraza’s pricetag is $750,000 the first year, and $375,000 each year thereafter. A cost that hefty can make insurers reluctant to cover the treatment, the group said. It also creates the possibility of hospitals bearing partial or full costs if an insurer refuses to reimburse them. In fact, this is a major reason why some hospitals are not offering Spinraza (nusinersen) treatments, the team wrote.
A second ethical challenge is the possibility that people with similar levels of disease severity will receive different treatments because of cost. This generates “concerns for the just distribution of healthcare,” the scientists wrote. While unequal health insurance coverage is an inherent flaw of the U.S. healthcare system, Spinraza’s enormous cost makes the problem particularly daunting. Healthcare insurers and hospitals are not the only ones bearing the cost burden, the team wrote. The lifelong cost of the therapy may force families to opt out of treatment or become impoverished.
The third ethical challenge is dealing with limited information on Spinraza’s long‐term effectiveness. Since Spinraza trials involved small patient samples and were relatively short term, the verdict is out on whether most patients will benefit long term. It is also not clear if the improvements seen in the trials will translate into improvements in muscle strength and function when doctors treat patients. While patients and their families may be prepared to accept these uncertainties, health insurers may not be. This may lead to situations in which insurers approve a treatment only if patients can prove with arbitrarily determined measurements that it is effective. Limited access to such testing may further disadvantage a patient, the team argued. In addition, there is no agreement on what a treatment benefit is. This has a bearing on a third ethical issue — informed consent. If a treatment is failing to provide benefits, a doctor may decide that it should be dropped. Since there is no consensus on what a treatment benefit is, patients, families and physicians may find themselves holding differing views on the issue. The best way to deal with this is to discuss it before a patient starts treatment, the team contended. “Although these complex discussions occur at the bedside, institutions should ensure that clinicians [doctors] and patients have the support they need while facing prognostic uncertainty,” they wrote.
The fourth ethical challenge is how to allocate treatment. Granting access to everyone who is eligible will likely lead to treatment delays. The question is: Who gets treatment first. As an example, doctors may need to use special procedures to administer a spinal tap drug, including sedating a patient and having them hospitalized afterward. Researchers agree that Spinraza should be started as soon as possible. Logistical obstacles could cause delays that make it less effective. Since drug administration resources are limited, hospitals may need to come up with ways to decide who gets priority access to treatment. These could include allocation criteria, case by case circumstances, or even lotteries. Each method has pros and cons in terms of fairness and other considerations.
Availability of treatment centers, which also affects therapy allocation, is the fifth ethical challenge revolving around Spinraza. While it is possible to open more centers with the expertise to administer Spinraza, this solution is also linked to cost. Some centers may choose not to offer Spinraza or to develop the expertise needed to administer it, leaving just a few centers to tackle patients’ needs. “Such a system may increase overall wait times and strain the participating centers in an unsustainable and unfair fashion,” the team argued. “Patients who live far from a participating center may not have the resources or clinical stability to travel, creating further disequilibrium of justice.”
The sixth ethical challenge is ensuring transparent communication between patients, families, doctors and others in the SMA community about these issues. On the one hand, patients and families need reliable information about a medical center’s care processes to make treatment decisions. This means the centers need to be up‐front about how they allocate resources. The transparency will help patients obtain Spinraza at a center that offers the most advantages for their situation. “As we pass through the initiation phase of nusinersen treatment among prevalent and newly diagnosed patients, pressure must be applied to reduce the cost and its effect on access, learn more details of medication benefit and safety, and examine different ways to initiate treatment and manage clinical workflows for this therapy,” the researchers concluded.
57Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Although Spinraza Has The Potential To Change The Course Of SMA, A Number Of Ethical Challenges Revolve Around Its Use
https://smanewstoday.com/2017/12/20/spinal‐muscular‐atrophy‐researchers‐shine‐spotlight‐on‐spinraza‐ethical‐challenges/
Spinal Muscular Atrophy Researchers Identify Spinraza Ethical ChallengesIn an article in the journal JAMA Pediatrics, they maintained that the healthcare system needs to address six issues to ensure that SMA patients “benefit from treatment, are protected from harm, and are treated fairly.” The title of the piece is “Ethical Challenges Confronted When Providing Nusinersen Treatment for Spinal Muscular Atrophy,” The group, led by Dr. Alyssa M. Burgart of Stanford University, said the biggest challenge is cost.
Spinraza’s pricetag is $750,000 the first year, and $375,000 each year thereafter. A cost that hefty can make insurers reluctant to cover the treatment, the group said. It also creates the possibility of hospitals bearing partial or full costs if an insurer refuses to reimburse them. In fact, this is a major reason why some hospitals are not offering Spinraza (nusinersen) treatments, the team wrote.
A second ethical challenge is the possibility that people with similar levels of disease severity will receive different treatments because of cost. This generates “concerns for the just distribution of healthcare,” the scientists wrote. While unequal health insurance coverage is an inherent flaw of the U.S. healthcare system, Spinraza’s enormous cost makes the problem particularly daunting. Healthcare insurers and hospitals are not the only ones bearing the cost burden, the team wrote. The lifelong cost of the therapy may force families to opt out of treatment or become impoverished.
The third ethical challenge is dealing with limited information on Spinraza’s long‐term effectiveness. Since Spinraza trials involved small patient samples and were relatively short term, the verdict is out on whether most patients will benefit long term. It is also not clear if the improvements seen in the trials will translate into improvements in muscle strength and function when doctors treat patients. While patients and their families may be prepared to accept these uncertainties, health insurers may not be. This may lead to situations in which insurers approve a treatment only if patients can prove with arbitrarily determined measurements that it is effective. Limited access to such testing may further disadvantage a patient, the team argued. In addition, there is no agreement on what a treatment benefit is. This has a bearing on a third ethical issue — informed consent. If a treatment is failing to provide benefits, a doctor may decide that it should be dropped. Since there is no consensus on what a treatment benefit is, patients, families and physicians may find themselves holding differing views on the issue. The best way to deal with this is to discuss it before a patient starts treatment, the team contended. “Although these complex discussions occur at the bedside, institutions should ensure that clinicians [doctors] and patients have the support they need while facing prognostic uncertainty,” they wrote.
The fourth ethical challenge is how to allocate treatment. Granting access to everyone who is eligible will likely lead to treatment delays. The question is: Who gets treatment first. As an example, doctors may need to use special procedures to administer a spinal tap drug, including sedating a patient and having them hospitalized afterward. Researchers agree that Spinraza should be started as soon as possible. Logistical obstacles could cause delays that make it less effective. Since drug administration resources are limited, hospitals may need to come up with ways to decide who gets priority access to treatment. These could include allocation criteria, case by case circumstances, or even lotteries. Each method has pros and cons in terms of fairness and other considerations.
Availability of treatment centers, which also affects therapy allocation, is the fifth ethical challenge revolving around Spinraza. While it is possible to open more centers with the expertise to administer Spinraza, this solution is also linked to cost. Some centers may choose not to offer Spinraza or to develop the expertise needed to administer it, leaving just a few centers to tackle patients’ needs. “Such a system may increase overall wait times and strain the participating centers in an unsustainable and unfair fashion,” the team argued. “Patients who live far from a participating center may not have the resources or clinical stability to travel, creating further disequilibrium of justice.”
The sixth ethical challenge is ensuring transparent communication between patients, families, doctors and others in the SMA community about these issues. On the one hand, patients and families need reliable information about a medical center’s care processes to make treatment decisions. This means the centers need to be up‐front about how they allocate resources. The transparency will help patients obtain Spinraza at a center that offers the most advantages for their situation. “As we pass through the initiation phase of nusinersen treatment among prevalent and newly diagnosed patients, pressure must be applied to reduce the cost and its effect on access, learn more details of medication benefit and safety, and examine different ways to initiate treatment and manage clinical workflows for this therapy,” the researchers concluded.
Availability of treatment centers, which also affects therapy allocation, is the fifth ethical challenge revolving around Spinraza. While it is possible to open more centers with the expertise to administer Spinraza, this solution is also linked to cost. Some centers may choose not to offer Spinraza or to develop the expertise needed to administer it, leaving just a few centers to tackle patients’ needs. “Such a system may increase overall wait times and strain the participating centers in an unsustainable and unfair fashion,” the team argued. “Patients who live far from a participating center may not have the resources or clinical stability to travel, creating further disequilibrium.
Availability of treatment centers, which also affects therapy allocation, is the fifth ethical challenge revolving around Spinraza. While it is possible to open more centers with the expertise to administer Spinraza, this solution is also linked to cost. Some centers may choose not to offer Spinraza or to develop the expertise needed to administer it, leaving just a few centers to tackle patients’ needs. “Such a system may increase overall wait times and strain the participating centers in an unsustainable and unfair fashion,” the team argued. “Patients who live far from a participating center may not have the resources or clinical stability to travel, creating further disequilibrium.
58Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Recently Published Results On AVXS‐101, An AAV9‐Based Gene Therapy, Signify Potential To Offer Patients A One‐Time Durable Treatment For SMA Type 1 And Possibly Broader Subtypes
AveXis presented a positive interim analysis of data from 15 SMA Type 1 patients in its ongoing Phase 1 safety trial of AVXS‐101, a one‐time, intravenous AAV9 based gene therapy carrying SMN complementary DNA encoding the missing SMN protein
AVXS‐101 was safe and tolerable. Elevated serum aminotransferase levels occurred in 4 patients and were attenuated by prednisolone
Efficacy endpoints:
• time until death or need for permanent ventilatory assistance
• Comparison of CHOP INTEND scale of motor function (0 to 64)
• Motor milestones in the high‐dose cohort with scores in studies of the natural history of the disease (historical cohorts)
ASGCT; AveXis website; J. Mendell http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1706198
As of data cutoff, all 15 patients were alive and event‐free at 20 months, compared with survival rate of 8% in a historical cohort
Of the 12 patients who had received the high dose:
• a rapid increase from baseline in CHOP INTEND score followed gene delivery, with an increase of 9.8 points at 1 month and 15.4 points at 3 months, as compared with a decline in a historical cohort
• 11 sat unassisted, 9 rolled over, 11 fed orally and could speak, and 2 walked independently
59Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
The Ultimate Business Model Puzzle: Given the Unique Nature of Advanced Therapeutics, There is Uncertainty as to How New Revenue Stage Companies Can Succeed Over the Long Term
For any particular advanced therapeutics player, especially those with potentially curative therapies, unique challenges exist to sustain growth beyond lifecycle of initial products.
For example, assume a successful launch of “one‐and‐done” curative treatment for a rare inherited monogenetic disease. Initial uptake into prevalent pool is soon tempered once “warehoused” patients are cured. Future sales come only from few very small number of newly diagnosed patients entering treatment eligibility.
EvaluatePharma
High unmet need, severe conditions 6K prevalence, 30% eligible 300 new annual births $1M One‐time treatments
Ideal scenario: Stage‐gapped development pipeline for ultra‐rare monogenetic disease (new product launched every 3 years)
Equates durable cure Rapid uptake, 4 years to peak No direct competition
LuxturnaWW Sales Forecast ($M)
Depictive Revenue Model for a Portfolio of One‐Time Treatments and Implications for Pipeline Portfolio Strategy• R&D and aggressive BD/M&A needed to support pipeline that
delivers new products to new rare disease populations every 4‐5 years or less.
$0
$50
$100
$150
$200
2018e 2019e 2020e 2021e 2022e 2023e 2024e
60Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Advanced Therapeutics Companies, Even if Initially Successful, Face Unique Risks to Sustainability
What if next up “curative” product:
• Does not support the clinical value and payers constrain access or demand high rebates?• “Proof” of durable benefit not accepted by payers?• Does not avoid all clinical complications, needs other support? • New product launches are delayedor pipeline projects fail?• Companies without balanced and full “stage gapped” pipelines are vulnerable!
‐$500
$500
$1,500
$2,500
$3,500
GENE THERAPY MONOGENE PORTFOLIO($US MILLIONS)
MonoGene 1 MonoGene 2 MonoGene 3 MonoGene 4
MonoGene 5 MonoGene 6 MonoGene 7 MonoGene 8
$0$500
$1,000$1,500$2,000$2,500$3,000$3,500
Year 0
Year 2
Year 4
Year 6
Year 8
Year 10
Year 12
Year 14
Year 16
Year 18
Year 20
Year 22
Year 24
Year 26
Year 28
Year 30
GENE THERAPY MIXED PORTFOLIO($US MILLIONS)
MonoGene 1 MonoGene 2 Broad Indication 1
61Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Key Takeaways (1)
Advanced Therapeutics very clearly represent the next step in evolution of therapeutics platforms and will, in less than a decade, be as important as today’s “conventional” small molecule and biological approaches currently are to treating disease, especially rare disease.
Few, if any Pharmas will play (at least over the short‐term) across all advanced therapeutics platforms (Novartis so far appears to be the notable exception). Many will move to gene therapy/editing platforms for rare and monogenic diseases as part of their larger focus on rare diseases.
Celgene and Gilead have jumped into CAR‐T, presumably for different reasons (the former to expand a core business and protect against downstream disruption and the latter to improve on a fledgling start in hematological cancers). Expect interest from other companies to be limited unless more progress is made against solid tumors. If not, the “next generation“ of CAR‐T players promising less cumbersome approaches may see comparatively less interest from strategics. Indeed, Pfizer’s recent “exit” from active development of Cellectis’ programs is a sign of evolving views of this space by large pharma.
• In any case, the market will be intensely competitive among numerous developers of more convenient and effective CAR‐Ts; the only question is how large the overall opportunity will be.
Meanwhile, the Novartis acquisition of AveXis is a potential game changer and a signal to all companies serious about rare disease that a gene therapy platform is a must have. Given the number of attractive late stage gene therapy programs aimed at rare disease, Novartis/AveXis will almost certainly not be a one‐off. Curative therapies fit more comfortably into the more diversified revenue mix of a large pharma portfolio than as stand alone companies.
62Advanced Therapeutics Webinar, October 2018© Defined Health
Key Takeaways (2)
It will be almost impossible to be serious player in rare/monogenic disease lacking a strong platform and presence in gene therapy/editing. More M&A activity by Novartis, Pfizer, and Sanofi is a near certainty as these are most committed rare diseaseplayers and will be a valuation driver.
However, valuations may be tempered by a number of factors including:
• Intensity of competition with other therapeutic platform approaches in more advanced diseases such as hemophilia
• Continued uncertainty around commercial models, pricing/market access issues (especially around uncertain “permanence” of the effect)
BD&L will be the single most important critical competency for achieving sustainability and long term value for stand‐alone “oneand done” gene therapy rare disease companies as both a serially full pipeline and staged new product launches will be critical to growth.
• These smaller specialist companies can and should consider portfolio diversification with the addition of “conventional” pharmaceutical products within selected therapeutic areas
May 7‐8, 2019, Convene at 32 Old Slip, NYC2019 Keynote Speaker: Rachel Haurwitz, PhD, Chief Executive Officer & Founder, Caribou
Select Distinguished Speakers: • Michael Sporn, MD (Dartmouth Medical School)• William Watt, PhD (EpiThany)• Tim van Hauwermeiren, MSc, EMBA (argenx)• Brian Leyland‐Jones, MD, PhD (Avera Cancer Institute)• Axel Hoos, MD, PhD (GlaxoSmithKline)• Helen Tayton‐Martin, PhD, MBA (Adaptimmune)• Annette Matthies, PhD (eFFECTOR)
Panel highlights include:
• “Has the Time Come for Chemo‐ & Immuno‐Prevention: Nixing the Nabobs of Negativity”
• “Novel Ways to Target and Develop Therapies for Cancer Metastases: Stop Spreading the New”
• “Biotech Deal‐Making in the Face of IO Frenzy or Fatigue: Same old of Difference New?”