Post on 11-Dec-2016
3D Printing Initiative
Mission:
Introduce 3D printing to the community via hands-on training at the library
Travel to offer training at clubs, schools, town organizations, etc.
Entirely grant funded by the Norwin S. and Elizabeth N. Bean Foundation
Two Cube2 printers donated by 3DSystems
One printer donated by Folger Technologies
Completely volunteer operated
No tax impact
Why 3D Printing at the Library?
Digital literacy
Promotes STE(A)M (Science Technology Engineering (Art) and Math)
education
Entices people into the library who might not normally frequent it
250 libraries in the US offer 3D printers Out of 119,729 libraries of all kinds in the US
Source: OITP Perspectives, a publication by the American Library Association (ALA) – 1/2015
How 3D Printing Works
For printing an object you need a digital 3D-model.
Download it from internet
Draw it using computer-assisted design or CAD
software
Scan an object
.STL File
Developed in 1987 for 3D Systems the STL format was designed as a standard format to allow data movement between CAD programs and stereolithography machines. 'STL' stands for Surface Tesselation Language (or, depending on who you talk to, perhaps 'STereoLithography file' or 'Standard Transform Language file').
A tessellation is a gap-less, repeating pattern of non-overlapping figures across a surface. Any shape can be used; STL format uses triangles. This triangular mesh is most often derived from the surface - and only the surface - of a 3D CAD designed object.
The number of triangles is primarily a function of the size of the surface and the resolution of the tessellation. The higher the resolution, the greater the number of triangles and the closer the approximation to a true curved surface.
Triangular mesh for a 10cm
sphere with 10 micron
precision
Triangular mesh for a 10cm
sphere with 1mm precision
3D Model Marketplaces
These sites offer a mix of free and for fee designs
Some are not only for 3D printing
Thingiverse http://www.thingiverse.com/
Cubify http://cubify.com/en/store/kids
Autodesk 123D http://www.123dapp.com/Gallery/content/all
CG Trader http://www.cgtrader.com/
Free Modeling Software
2D
Inkscape http://www.inkscape.org/
3D
Autodesk 123D http://www.123dapp.com/
Meshmixer http://www.meshmixer.com/
Sketchup http://www.sketchup.com/
OpenSCAD http://www.openscad.org/
Organic Shapes
3DTin http://www.3dtin.com/
Sculptris http://pixologic.com/sculptris/
KnotPlot http://www.knotplot.com
Extrusion / FDM / FFF
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
Uses thermoplastics
Term trademarked by Stratasys
Commercial grade is quite different than consumer grade
Fused Filament Fabrication Also called Freeform Fabrication (FFF)
Materials our printers can use
PLA (Polylactic Acid)
Made from corn starch or sugar cane, biodegradable.
Melts at a lower temperature between 190 and 210 degrees
Celsius
Less odor
Materials our printers can use
ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)
Relatively strong
Melts consistently at around 225 degrees Celsius
Suitable for functional parts or objects that are exposed to high
temperatures like sunlight or hot water.
Acetone (nail polish remover) can be used to smoothen
ABS has to be printed on a heated build plate
Has higher tendency to warp
Materials Available
Plastics (ABS, PLA, nylon, polyamide)
Metals (steel, nickel-chromium, titanium, brass, bronze, gold, silver)
Ceramics and sand
Food (sugar, chocolate)
Paper
Bio materials
3D Printing Services
Staples http://www.staples.com/sbd/cre/products/3d-printing/
Londonderry and Stratham
Sculpteo http://www.sculpteo.com/en/
i.Materialise http://i.materialise.com
Shapeways http://www.shapeways.com/
Kraftwürx http://www.kraftwurx.com/
Medical Bioprinting
3D printing has been used to print organs from a patient’s own cells.
Ear and nose structures
Skin
Heart valve
Industry experts suggest that within a decade we will be able to print solid organs such as liver, heart, and kidney.
Organovo announced that they have made 3D printed human liver tissue available for commercial use
Medical Models
Ultra-realistic lung
Wet, soft, and complete with tumors and blood vessels — is one of a range of organs being produced by a Japanese firm that will allow surgeons to hone their skills without hurting anyone.
“With the wet model, doctors can experience the softness of organs and see them bleed”.
Separating conjoined twins Translate the infants’ CT scans into a color-coded, 3D model
Prosthetics for Man
Robohands – inexpensive (around $150) and easily
replaced as the child grows.
New Jaw
Bionic Ear
3D Portrait
3D Bean (Malden, MA) uses high-definition 3D scanning
to photograph people from multiple perspectives and
turn their image into a sandstone replica of themselves.
$319 for one 4-inch-tall figurine made of sandstone
Food for Feeding
Food printing – nutrients can be
tailored for an individual’s needs
Food printers in space
Aerospace
Space-qualified satellite components that are lighter and stiffer
Rolls-Royce to fly largest 3D printed part ever flown
“It is ideal for prototyping. Shortening the manufacturing time by almost a third .”
With 3D printing, Airbus Defense was able to transform a
bracket made up of four main parts and 44 rivets into a
single, laser-melted piece that is 40% stiffer and 35% lighter
than its predecessor.
Rolls-Royce 3D printed a titanium structure that
measures 1.5m in diameter and 0.5m-thick. The front
bearing housing contains 48 aerofoils and was
manufactured using Arcam’s electron beam melting
technology.
Electronics
Designing and 3D printing electronics with optimal shape and styling
properties will be common.
3D printing is ideal for the complex geometric features needed in small,
compact electronic circuit boards that use multiple materials ranging from
low conductivity plastics to high conductivity metal materials.
Volxel8 can print both plastic and conductive material, allowing circuitry
and the physical structure of an object to be printed simultaneously.
Rapid Prototyping
Rapid prototyping systems emerged in 1987 with
the introduction of stereolithography technology, a
process that solidifies layers of ultraviolet light-
sensitive liquid polymer using laser technology.
In subsequent years, other rapid prototyping
technologies were introduced, such as: FDM,
Selective Laser Sintering and Laminated Object
Manufacturing.
Additive & Subtractive Manufacturing
Additive Manufacturing
A method that builds up parts, additively, layer by layer
Simplifies the manufacture of very complex products
Fundamentally different from any other existing traditional manufacturing techniques.
A tool-less process that reduces costs and lead times
Subtractive Manufacturing
Subtracting material from a larger block — whether to achieve the end product itself or to produce a tool for casting or molding processes.
The subtractive manufacturing processes, such as machining, can result in up to 90% of the original block of material being wasted.
Advantages of 3D Printing
3D printing enables designers to experiment with
new solutions for products
Able to build shapes that you can’t cast or forge
Companies can print parts, and can print their own
tools
Lends itself well to small companies
3D printing is believed by many to have very great
potential to inject growth into innovation and bring
back local manufacturing.
Sweet Spot
3D printing is beneficial in a situation when a limited number of complex parts are needed.
Creating a mold for manufacturing these parts would not be economical – the mold will be used only for a few parts.
Direct Metal Laser Sintering DMLS
Materials: stainless steel, cobalt chrome, iconel*, titanium
Inconel is a family of austenite nickel-chromium-based superalloys. The name is a trademark of Special Metals Corporation.
Inconel alloys are oxidation and corrosion resistant materials well suited for service in extreme environments subjected to pressure and heat.
3D-printed engine
nozzle.
Lattice structure reduces
its mass and production
cost while also improving
its thermal performance,
due to a greatly
increased surface area .
This hollow ball
has a complex
external
geometry, maki
ng it incredibly
light while
remaining stiff.
Others
InkJet Material Jetting
Selective Deposition Lamination (SDL)
Electron Beam Melting (EBM)
Direct Metal Printing (DMP)
Blown metal powder
Sand binding
Binder jetted into metal powder (by ExOne)
Smooth Curvature Printing (by Solidscape)
Selective Deposition Lamination (by Mcor Technologies)
Hybrid CNC
Variables to look at when choosing a
3D Printer
Build size
Build speed
Build resolution
Materials
Price