3D Printing Initiative

Mission:

Introduce 3D printing to the community via hands-on training at the library

Travel to offer training at clubs, schools, town organizations, etc.

Entirely grant funded by the Norwin S. and Elizabeth N. Bean Foundation

Two Cube2 printers donated by 3DSystems

One printer donated by Folger Technologies

Completely volunteer operated

No tax impact

Why 3D Printing at the Library?

Digital literacy

Promotes STE(A)M (Science Technology Engineering (Art) and Math)

education

Entices people into the library who might not normally frequent it

250 libraries in the US offer 3D printers Out of 119,729 libraries of all kinds in the US

Source: OITP Perspectives, a publication by the American Library Association (ALA) – 1/2015

How 3D Printing Works

For printing an object you need a digital 3D-model.

Download it from internet

Draw it using computer-assisted design or CAD

software

Scan an object

.STL File

Developed in 1987 for 3D Systems the STL format was designed as a standard format to allow data movement between CAD programs and stereolithography machines. 'STL' stands for Surface Tesselation Language (or, depending on who you talk to, perhaps 'STereoLithography file' or 'Standard Transform Language file').

A tessellation is a gap-less, repeating pattern of non-overlapping figures across a surface. Any shape can be used; STL format uses triangles. This triangular mesh is most often derived from the surface - and only the surface - of a 3D CAD designed object.

The number of triangles is primarily a function of the size of the surface and the resolution of the tessellation. The higher the resolution, the greater the number of triangles and the closer the approximation to a true curved surface.

Triangular mesh for a 10cm

sphere with 10 micron

precision

Triangular mesh for a 10cm

sphere with 1mm precision

3D Model Marketplaces

These sites offer a mix of free and for fee designs

Some are not only for 3D printing

Thingiverse http://www.thingiverse.com/

Cubify http://cubify.com/en/store/kids

Autodesk 123D http://www.123dapp.com/Gallery/content/all

CG Trader http://www.cgtrader.com/

Cubify (3D Systems)

Thingiverse (Makerbot/Stratasys)

Free Modeling Software

2D

Inkscape http://www.inkscape.org/

3D

Autodesk 123D http://www.123dapp.com/

Meshmixer http://www.meshmixer.com/

Sketchup http://www.sketchup.com/

OpenSCAD http://www.openscad.org/

Organic Shapes

3DTin http://www.3dtin.com/

Sculptris http://pixologic.com/sculptris/

KnotPlot http://www.knotplot.com

Scanners – coming soon

Extrusion / FDM / FFF

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)

Uses thermoplastics

Term trademarked by Stratasys

Commercial grade is quite different than consumer grade

Fused Filament Fabrication Also called Freeform Fabrication (FFF)

Materials our printers can use

PLA (Polylactic Acid)

Made from corn starch or sugar cane, biodegradable.

Melts at a lower temperature between 190 and 210 degrees

Celsius

Less odor

Materials our printers can use

ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)

Relatively strong

Melts consistently at around 225 degrees Celsius

Suitable for functional parts or objects that are exposed to high

temperatures like sunlight or hot water.

Acetone (nail polish remover) can be used to smoothen

ABS has to be printed on a heated build plate

Has higher tendency to warp

Materials Available

Plastics (ABS, PLA, nylon, polyamide)

Metals (steel, nickel-chromium, titanium, brass, bronze, gold, silver)

Ceramics and sand

Food (sugar, chocolate)

Paper

Bio materials

3D Printing Services

Staples http://www.staples.com/sbd/cre/products/3d-printing/

Londonderry and Stratham

Sculpteo http://www.sculpteo.com/en/

i.Materialise http://i.materialise.com

Shapeways http://www.shapeways.com/

Kraftwürx http://www.kraftwurx.com/

3D PRINTING APPLICATIONS

Medical Bioprinting

3D printing has been used to print organs from a patient’s own cells.

Ear and nose structures

Skin

Heart valve

Industry experts suggest that within a decade we will be able to print solid organs such as liver, heart, and kidney.

Organovo announced that they have made 3D printed human liver tissue available for commercial use

Medical Models

Ultra-realistic lung

Wet, soft, and complete with tumors and blood vessels — is one of a range of organs being produced by a Japanese firm that will allow surgeons to hone their skills without hurting anyone.

“With the wet model, doctors can experience the softness of organs and see them bleed”.

Separating conjoined twins Translate the infants’ CT scans into a color-coded, 3D model

Prosthetics for Man

Robohands – inexpensive (around $150) and easily

replaced as the child grows.

New Jaw

Bionic Ear

Prosthetics for Beast

Jewelry and Fashion

Toys and Trinkets

3D Portrait

3D Bean (Malden, MA) uses high-definition 3D scanning

to photograph people from multiple perspectives and

turn their image into a sandstone replica of themselves.

$319 for one 4-inch-tall figurine made of sandstone

Food for Fun

Printed food for fun: new

shapes, new textures

Food for Feeding

Food printing – nutrients can be

tailored for an individual’s needs

Food printers in space

Architecture & Construction

3D Printed House

3D Printed Moon Base

Aerospace

Space-qualified satellite components that are lighter and stiffer

Rolls-Royce to fly largest 3D printed part ever flown

“It is ideal for prototyping. Shortening the manufacturing time by almost a third .”

With 3D printing, Airbus Defense was able to transform a

bracket made up of four main parts and 44 rivets into a

single, laser-melted piece that is 40% stiffer and 35% lighter

than its predecessor.

Rolls-Royce 3D printed a titanium structure that

measures 1.5m in diameter and 0.5m-thick. The front

bearing housing contains 48 aerofoils and was

manufactured using Arcam’s electron beam melting

technology.

Electronics

Designing and 3D printing electronics with optimal shape and styling

properties will be common.

3D printing is ideal for the complex geometric features needed in small,

compact electronic circuit boards that use multiple materials ranging from

low conductivity plastics to high conductivity metal materials.

Volxel8 can print both plastic and conductive material, allowing circuitry

and the physical structure of an object to be printed simultaneously.

3D PRINTING IN

MANUFACTURING

Rapid Prototyping

Rapid prototyping systems emerged in 1987 with

the introduction of stereolithography technology, a

process that solidifies layers of ultraviolet light-

sensitive liquid polymer using laser technology.

In subsequent years, other rapid prototyping

technologies were introduced, such as: FDM,

Selective Laser Sintering and Laminated Object

Manufacturing.

Additive & Subtractive Manufacturing

Additive Manufacturing

A method that builds up parts, additively, layer by layer

Simplifies the manufacture of very complex products

Fundamentally different from any other existing traditional manufacturing techniques.

A tool-less process that reduces costs and lead times

Subtractive Manufacturing

Subtracting material from a larger block — whether to achieve the end product itself or to produce a tool for casting or molding processes.

The subtractive manufacturing processes, such as machining, can result in up to 90% of the original block of material being wasted.

Advantages of 3D Printing

3D printing enables designers to experiment with

new solutions for products

Able to build shapes that you can’t cast or forge

Companies can print parts, and can print their own

tools

Lends itself well to small companies

3D printing is believed by many to have very great

potential to inject growth into innovation and bring

back local manufacturing.

Sweet Spot

3D printing is beneficial in a situation when a limited number of complex parts are needed.

Creating a mold for manufacturing these parts would not be economical – the mold will be used only for a few parts.

3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGIES

Stereolithography (SLA)

First 3D printing process

Digital Light Processing DLP

Selective Laser Sintering SLS

Direct Metal Laser Sintering DMLS

Materials: stainless steel, cobalt chrome, iconel*, titanium

Inconel is a family of austenite nickel-chromium-based superalloys. The name is a trademark of Special Metals Corporation.

Inconel alloys are oxidation and corrosion resistant materials well suited for service in extreme environments subjected to pressure and heat.

3D-printed engine

nozzle.

Lattice structure reduces

its mass and production

cost while also improving

its thermal performance,

due to a greatly

increased surface area .

This hollow ball

has a complex

external

geometry, maki

ng it incredibly

light while

remaining stiff.

Ink Jet Binder Jetting

Others

InkJet Material Jetting

Selective Deposition Lamination (SDL)

Electron Beam Melting (EBM)

Direct Metal Printing (DMP)

Blown metal powder

Sand binding

Binder jetted into metal powder (by ExOne)

Smooth Curvature Printing (by Solidscape)

Selective Deposition Lamination (by Mcor Technologies)

Hybrid CNC

History of 3D Printing

Variables to look at when choosing a

3D Printer

Build size

Build speed

Build resolution

Materials

Price

How to choose the right material

MARKET LANDSCAPE

Players – by price and type

Market Ecosystem

Impact on Commercial Transportation