Oscillation Neutrino Physics Reach at Neutrino Factories

M. LindnerTechnical University Munich

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Motivation for Precision

surprise!

how small?

spectrum?

Dirac and Majorana CP phases?

• neutrino masses are physics beyond the Standard Model• new window to flavour problem – see-saw amplified!• information complimentary to quarks:

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Guessing the Neutrino Mass Spectrumquarks hierarchical masses neutrinos? large mixings!

• inversely correlated hierarchy in MR ?

• non-hierarchical, type II see-saw, .... ?

Quarks and charged leptons:

mD ~ Hn ; n = 0,1,2 H > 20 ... 200

Neutrinos: m ~ Hn 1< H < 10

See-saw:

1<H<10 >20 ? >20

m= -mDT

MR-1

mD

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The Value of Precision for 13

for example: sin2213 < 0.01

physics question: small 13

numerical coincidence systematic (symmetry,...)• how small?• precision!

• models for masses & mixings• input: Known masses & mixings distribution of 13 „predictions“

• 13 often close to experimental bounds motivates new experiments 13 controls 3-flavour effects like CP-violation

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mass spectrum, mixings, CP-phases, LVF, 02decay, ...

Standard Model extensions flavour symmetries

leptogenesis mechanismssupernovaenucleosynthesisstructure formation...

renormalization group

The Interplay of different Topics

-parameters extremely valuable long term: most precise flavour info

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x

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The Future of Oscillations

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2 flavour approximation: Pab = sin2(2sin2(m2L/4E)Paa = 1 - Pab

Oscillation Channels

MSW + parameter

mapping

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Analytical Description

analytic discussion / full numerical simulations degeneracies, correlations, ... (sin2213)eff

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running: K2K establish / test atm. osc. with beams

construction: MINOS (2005) ~ 10% for m312, 23, improve 13

CNGS: ICARUS & OPERA (2006)

approval: T2K (JHF-SK) (2008) few% for m312, 23,improve 13

LOIs: NOA (NuMI-OA) (200x) H2K (JHF-HK) (201x) % for m31

2, 23, 13, CP, sgn(m2)

long term: beams, neutrino factory, ... (201x) precision .....muon collider....

• every stage is a necessary prerequisit for the next• continuous line of improvements for beams, detectors, physics!

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Long Baseline: Projects and Plans (partly)

precision neutrino physics

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Beams• conventional beams / superbeams

• -beams• neutrino factories

• other: laser driven? ...?

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Determination of the Physics Potential• select a setup (beam, detector, baseline, ...)• take „most realistic“ parameters best guess!• simulate all relevant aspects as good as possible GLoBES

• determine the potential: „true“ fitted parameters• consider other options, time, cost, improvements, ...• compare only realistic simulations discuss the reliability of the input (assumptions) think of improvements R&D in all directions until decisions must be made

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Sensitivitiy Plots

limit for (sin2213)eff

sin2213

systematics correlations degeneracies

statistical limit(all parameters fixed)

limit for sin2213 from *THIS* experiment only

precise knowledge of someparameter combination =precision of the experiment

synergies = combine with other experiments gain more than statistics

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13 Sensitiviy: Comparison of the coming Generation

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Adding a new reactor experiment

identical detectors many errors cancel

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13 Sensitiviy: Comparison of the next Generation

Huber, ML, Rolinec, Schwetz, Winter

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Leptonic CP-Violation: Best Case

today: sin2213 < 0.2assume: sin2213 = 0.1 and combine: T2K + NOA + Reactor

limits or signs of leptonic CP violation

Huber, ML, Rolinec, Schwetz, Winter

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Neutrino Factory: I & II

• define benchmark neutrino factories:

• magnetized iron detector wrong sign ‘s

• baseline 3000km

P(MW) ‘s/year T+T (y) M(kt)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Neutrino factory I: 0.75 1020 5 10Neutrino factroy II: 4.00 5.3*1020 8 50

_

simulations of various options:Barger, Geer, Raja, Whisnant, Marfatia, ...Cervera, Donini, Gavela, Gomez-Cadenaz, Hernandez, Mena, Rigolin, ...Bueno, Campanelli, Rubbia, ...Minakata, Yasuda, ...Freund, Huber, ML, Winter, ......

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• different sensitivity reductions by systematics• correlations & degeneracies lead to severe sensitivity reductions • break C&D by combining different experiments of comparable potential

T2K

T2KNOA

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.

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Measurement of CP Violation

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Various Potential Options

Initially rate driven improve by combination of different E and/or L or „magic baseline“ combination of different channels or experiments use energy spectrum

• superbeams: E≈ GeV large low Z sampling calorimeters ≈ 50 kt

• superbeams, -beams: E≈GeV huge Cerenkov detectors ≈ 1000 t

huge liquid Ar detectors ≈ 100 kt

huge scintillator detectors ≈ 30 kt

• neutrino factory: E≈20-50 GeV large magnetized iron Calorimeters ≈ 40kt

large magnetized liquid Ar detectors ≈20kt

large OPERA-like emulsion detectors ≈5kt

• laser driven acceleration, …

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Combining: Silver Channels

Donini, Meloni, MigliozziAutiero, et al.

• golden channel: wrong sign ‘s• silver channel : ‘s

different oscillation probabilities

break degeneracies!

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Energy Resolution

=+/2

=0

= -/2

rate based degeneracies have different energy spectra

730km

use energy resolution to break degeneracies

A. Rubbia

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A Powerful Simulation ToolGeneral Long Baseline Experiment Simulator

P. Huber, ML, W. Winter see parallel talk!

http://www.ph.tum.de/~globes

hep-ph/0407xxx

Release: Aug. 1, 2004

C-based simulation software (GPL – free, for Unix systems) extensive documentation & examples 3 phase approach:• experiment definition with AEDL (Abstract Experiment Definition Language)• simulation of an experiment 3- oscillations; scan „true values“• analysis event distriutions, ...., sensitivities, ...

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Abstract Experiment Definition Language (AEDL)• predefined AEDL files for a number of experiments• allows easy modifications of „default“ experiments

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AEDL Description of a Neutrino Factory

!%GLoBES/* beam */flux(#mu_plus)< @builtin = 1 @parent_energy = 50.0 @stored_muons = 5.33e+20 @time = 8.0 >$target_mass = 50$bins = 20$emin = 4.0$emax = 50.0/* cross section */cross(#CC)< @cross_file = XCC.dat >/* baseline */$baseline = 3000.0$densitytab = {3.5}$lengthtab = {3000.0}$density_error = 0.05

/* energy resolution */energy(#MINOS)< @type = 1 @sigma_e = {0.15,0.0,0.0} /* channels */channel(#appearance)< @channel = #mu_plus: +: electron: muon: #CC: #MINOS >channel(#disappearance)< @channel = #mu_plus: -: muon: muon: #CC: #MINOS >/* rules */rule(#rule1)< @signal = 0.45 @ #appearance @signalerror = 0.001 : 0.0001 @background = 1.0e-05 @ #disappearance @backgroundcenter = 1 : 0.0  @backgrounderror = 0.05 : 0.0001 @errordim = 0 @energy_window = 4.0 : 50.0 >

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GLoBES Simulationssi

n2

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• MINOS, ICARUS and OPERA- improve leading oscillation parameters; should improve sin2213 a little

• T2K, NOA and new reactor experiments- further improved leading oscillation parameters- will improve sin2213 by about one order of magnitude- with luck: sign(m2) or even CP phase

• H2K, -beams, neutrino factory- can do all unless sin2213 is extremely tiny; in any case precision -physics!

very precise 3- oscillation parameters sin2213 , sign(m2) and CP phase should be measured unique impact on model building!

R&D for -beams, neutrino factories... realistic parameters simulate & compare GLoBES http://www.ph.tum.de/~globes and hep-ph/0407xxx

Conclusions