Post on 28-Oct-2014
OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical Transmission System V100R003C00
Product Description
Issue 02
Date 2011-06-30
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. i
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2011. All rights reserved.
No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior
written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Trademarks and Permissions
and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective
holders.
Notice
The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and
the customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be
within the purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements,
information, and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or
representations of any kind, either express or implied.
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the
preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and
recommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Address: Huawei Industrial Base
Bantian, Longgang
Shenzhen 518129
People's Republic of China
Website: http://www.huawei.com
Email: support@huawei.com
OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical
Transmission System
Product Description About This Document
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About This Document
Related Versions
The following table lists the product versions related to this document.
Product Name Version
OptiX OSN 550 V100R003C00
iManager U2000 V100R005C00
Intended Audience
This document describes the OptiX OSN 550 in terms of network application, function,
hardware architecture, software architecture, features, and technical specifications.
This document is intended for the following engineers:
Network planning engineers
Data configuration engineers
System maintenance engineers
Conventions
The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Symbol Description
Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk, which if not
avoided, will result in death or serious injury.
Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk,
which if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate
injury.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not
avoided, could result in equipment damage, data loss,
performance degradation, or unexpected results.
OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical
Transmission System
Product Description About This Document
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Symbol Description
Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or save
time.
Provides additional information to emphasize or
supplement important points of the main text.
GUI Conventions
The GUI conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Convention Description
Boldface Buttons, menus, parameters, tabs, window, and dialog titles
are in boldface. For example, click OK.
> Multi-level menus are in boldface and separated by the ">"
signs. For example, choose File > Create > Folder.
Change History
Updates between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document issue
contains all updates made in previous issues.
Updates in Issue 02 (2011-06-30)
This document is the second release for the V100R003C00 product version. Compared with
Issue 01, the updated contents are as follows:
The description of hot patches is deleted from topic "NE Upgrades".
The description of optical port types is added to topic "Optical Port Specifications".
Updates in Issue 01 (2011-04-30)
First formal release.
OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical
Transmission System
Product Description Contents
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Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
iv
Contents
About This Document .................................................................................................................... ii
1 Product Positioning and Features .............................................................................................. 1
1.1 Introduction to the OptiX OSN 550 ................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Product Positioning .......................................................................................................................................... 3
1.3 Product Features ............................................................................................................................................... 4
2 Product Architecture ..................................................................................................................... 5
2.1 System Architecture ......................................................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Hardware Structure .......................................................................................................................................... 6
2.2.1 Chassis .................................................................................................................................................... 6
2.2.2 Boards ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
2.2.3 Ventilation Design ................................................................................................................................... 9
2.3 Software Architecture ..................................................................................................................................... 10
2.3.1 Overview of Software Architecture....................................................................................................... 11
2.3.2 Communication Protocols and Interfaces ............................................................................................. 11
2.3.3 Board Software ..................................................................................................................................... 12
2.3.4 NE Software .......................................................................................................................................... 12
2.3.5 NMS Software ...................................................................................................................................... 13
3 Product Functions and Features ............................................................................................... 14
3.1 Capacity ......................................................................................................................................................... 14
3.2 Port Types ....................................................................................................................................................... 15
3.3 Network Topology .......................................................................................................................................... 17
3.4 Protection Support .......................................................................................................................................... 17
3.4.1 Equipment-level Protection ................................................................................................................... 17
3.4.2 Network-Level Protection ..................................................................................................................... 18
3.5 Clock Synchronization ................................................................................................................................... 22
3.6 Ethernet Features ............................................................................................................................................ 23
3.6.1 Service Support ..................................................................................................................................... 23
3.6.2 Protection Support ................................................................................................................................ 28
3.6.3 Maintenance .......................................................................................................................................... 30
4 Networking and Application Scenarios ................................................................................. 34
5 Operation and Maintenance ..................................................................................................... 37
OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical
Transmission System
Product Description Contents
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5.1 DCN ............................................................................................................................................................... 37
5.2 Network Management .................................................................................................................................... 37
5.3 Fault Locating and Equipment Maintenance .................................................................................................. 38
5.4 Power and Environment Monitoring .............................................................................................................. 39
5.5 NE Upgrades .................................................................................................................................................. 39
5.6 License Control .............................................................................................................................................. 40
6 Technical Specifications ............................................................................................................ 41
6.1 General Specifications.................................................................................................................................... 41
6.2 Power Consumption and Weight of Each Board ............................................................................................ 42
6.3 Optical Port Specifications ............................................................................................................................. 43
6.4 Electrical Port Specifications ......................................................................................................................... 45
6.5 Clock Port Specifications ............................................................................................................................... 47
6.6 EMC Specifications ....................................................................................................................................... 48
6.7 Safety Certification ........................................................................................................................................ 49
6.8 Environmental Requirement .......................................................................................................................... 49
6.8.1 Storage Environment ............................................................................................................................. 50
6.8.2 Transportation Environment ................................................................................................................. 52
6.8.3 Operation Environment ......................................................................................................................... 54
7 Energy Saving and Environmental Protection ...................................................................... 57
7.1 Energy Saving ................................................................................................................................................ 57
7.2 Environmental Protection ............................................................................................................................... 57
8 Standard Compliance ................................................................................................................. 59
A Glossary and Acronyms ............................................................................................................ 64
A.1 Numerics ....................................................................................................................................................... 64
A.2 A .................................................................................................................................................................... 64
A.3 B .................................................................................................................................................................... 67
A.4 C .................................................................................................................................................................... 69
A.5 D .................................................................................................................................................................... 71
A.6 E .................................................................................................................................................................... 73
A.7 F .................................................................................................................................................................... 75
A.8 G .................................................................................................................................................................... 78
A.9 H .................................................................................................................................................................... 78
A.10 I ................................................................................................................................................................... 79
A.11 J ................................................................................................................................................................... 81
A.12 L .................................................................................................................................................................. 81
A.13 M ................................................................................................................................................................. 83
A.14 N .................................................................................................................................................................. 85
A.15 O .................................................................................................................................................................. 85
A.16 P .................................................................................................................................................................. 87
A.17 Q .................................................................................................................................................................. 89
OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical
Transmission System
Product Description Contents
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A.18 R .................................................................................................................................................................. 89
A.19 S .................................................................................................................................................................. 91
A.20 T .................................................................................................................................................................. 95
A.21 U .................................................................................................................................................................. 96
A.22 V .................................................................................................................................................................. 97
A.23 W ................................................................................................................................................................. 98
OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical
Transmission System
Product Description Figures
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Figures
Figure 1-1 Exterior of the OptiX OSN 550 (-48 V and -60 V DC power) ............................................................ 1
Figure 1-2 Exterior of the OptiX OSN 550 (110 V and 220 V AC power) ........................................................... 1
Figure 1-3 Position of the OptiX OSN 550 in a transmission network ................................................................. 3
Figure 2-1 Block diagram ...................................................................................................................................... 5
Figure 2-2 Exterior of the OptiX OSN 550 ........................................................................................................... 7
Figure 2-3 Ventilation design of the OptiX OSN 550 ......................................................................................... 10
Figure 2-4 General architecture of software ........................................................................................................ 11
Figure 3-1 Fiber-shared virtual path protection ................................................................................................... 22
Figure 3-2 EPL services based on port ................................................................................................................ 24
Figure 3-3 EVPL services sharing one port ......................................................................................................... 24
Figure 3-4 EVPL services isolated by VLAN IDs ............................................................................................... 25
Figure 3-5 EVPL services isolated by QinQ ....................................................................................................... 25
Figure 3-6 EPLAN service .................................................................................................................................. 26
Figure 3-7 EVPLAN services isolated by IEEE 802.1ad bridges ....................................................................... 27
Figure 3-8 EVPLAN services isolated by VLAN IDs ......................................................................................... 28
Figure 3-9 Using LCAS to dynamically increase or decrease bandwidth ........................................................... 29
Figure 3-10 Using LCAS to protect services in a concatenation group .............................................................. 30
Figure 3-11 Application of IEEE 802.1ag OAM and IEEE 802.3ah OAM ......................................................... 31
Figure 3-12 Functions of test frames ................................................................................................................... 32
Figure 3-13 Application networking of RMON .................................................................................................. 33
Figure 4-1 Typical networking diagram of the OptiX OSN 550 ......................................................................... 36
Figure 6-1 Typical configuration of the OptiX OSN 550 .................................................................................... 42
OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical
Transmission System
Product Description Tables
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Tables
Table 1-1 Board list ............................................................................................................................................... 2
Table 2-1 Function units of the OptiX OSN 550 ................................................................................................... 5
Table 2-2 Board list ............................................................................................................................................... 8
Table 3-1 Access capacity of the OptiX OSN 550 ............................................................................................... 14
Table 3-2 Services ports that the OptiX OSN 550 support .................................................................................. 15
Table 3-3 Management and auxiliary ports that the OptiX OSN 550 supports ................................................... 16
Table 3-4 DC power supply ports that the OptiX OSN 550 supports .................................................................. 16
Table 3-5 Equipment-level protection ................................................................................................................. 17
Table 3-6 Performance specifications .................................................................................................................. 17
Table 3-7 Performance specifications .................................................................................................................. 18
Table 3-8 Parameters for linear MSP ................................................................................................................... 19
Table 3-9 Maximum number of MSP rings supported by the OptiX OSN 550 ................................................... 20
Table 3-10 Parameters for ring MSP ................................................................................................................... 20
Table 3-11 Parameters for SNCP ......................................................................................................................... 21
Table 3-12 Clock functions supported by the OptiX OSN 550 ........................................................................... 22
Table 4-1 Network topologies supported by OptiX OSN 550s and corresponding legends ................................ 34
Table 5-1 DCC allocation modes supported by the OptiX OSN 550................................................................... 37
Table 5-2 Upgrade methods available for the OptiX OSN 550 ........................................................................... 39
Table 5-3 Information about the version-specific license that the OptiX OSN 550 supports .............................. 40
Table 6-1 General specifications of the OptiX OSN 550 ..................................................................................... 41
Table 6-2 Power consumption and weight of the boards on the OptiX OSN 550 ............................................... 42
Table 6-3 Specifications of STM-1 optical port................................................................................................... 43
Table 6-4 Specifications of STM-4 optical port................................................................................................... 44
Table 6-5 Specifications of the STM-16 optical port ........................................................................................... 44
Table 6-6 Specifications of the GE optical port ................................................................................................... 45
Table 6-7 Specifications of the E1/T1 electrical port .......................................................................................... 46
OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical
Transmission System
Product Description Tables
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Table 6-8 Specifications of the E3/T3 electrical port .......................................................................................... 46
Table 6-9 Specifications of the Ethernet electrical port ....................................................................................... 47
Table 6-10 Clock ports and their characteristics .................................................................................................. 47
Table 6-11 Timing and synchronization performance of the OptiX OSN 550 ..................................................... 48
Table 6-12 EMC standards .................................................................................................................................. 48
Table 6-13 Safety certifications for the OptiX OSN 550 ..................................................................................... 49
Table 6-14 Climate requirements for the storage environment ............................................................................ 50
Table 6-15 Density requirements for mechanically active substances during storage ......................................... 51
Table 6-16 Density requirements for chemically active substances during storage ............................................. 51
Table 6-17 Limitations for mechanical stress during storage .............................................................................. 52
Table 6-18 Climate requirements for the transportation environment ................................................................. 52
Table 6-19 Density limitations for mechanically active substances during transportation .................................. 53
Table 6-20 Density limitations for chemically active substances ........................................................................ 53
Table 6-21 Mechanical stress requirements for the transportation environment ................................................. 54
Table 6-22 Requirements for temperature and humidity ..................................................................................... 55
Table 6-23 Other climate requirements................................................................................................................ 55
Table 6-24 Density limitations for mechanically active substances during operation ......................................... 55
Table 6-25 Density limitations for chemically active substances ........................................................................ 56
Table 6-26 Limitations for mechanical stress during operation ........................................................................... 56
Table 8-1 ITU-T recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 59
Table 8-2 IEEE standards .................................................................................................................................... 60
Table 8-3 IETF standards ..................................................................................................................................... 61
Table 8-4 Environmental standards ..................................................................................................................... 62
Table 8-5 Safety standards ................................................................................................................................... 62
Table 8-6 Protection standards ............................................................................................................................. 63
OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical
Transmission System
Product Description 1 Product Positioning and Features
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1 Product Positioning and Features
1.1 Introduction to the OptiX OSN 550
The OptiX OSN 550 is Huawei's new-generation optical transmission equipment that is used
at the access layer.
Figure 1-1 and Figure 1-2 show the exterior of the OptiX OSN 550.
Figure 1-1 Exterior of the OptiX OSN 550 (-48 V and -60 V DC power)
Figure 1-2 Exterior of the OptiX OSN 550 (110 V and 220 V AC power)
There are two CXL slots in the upper part of the equipment, and six extended slots in the
lower part. The CXL slot houses a functional board integrating the system control unit,
cross-connect unit, timing unit, and line unit. The board has several types to provide different
functions and access capacities required by the OptiX OSN 550. The extended slots house the
line unit, tributary unit, and data unit.
Table 1-1 lists the boards supported by the OptiX OSN 550.
OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical
Transmission System
Product Description 1 Product Positioning and Features
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Table 1-1 Board list
Board Description Interface Valid Slot
CXL
board
TNM1CXL1 System control,
cross-connect,
timing, and line
board (CXL)
1xSTM-1 optical port Slot 7 or
Slot8
TNM1CXL4 System control,
cross-connect,
timing, and line
board (CXL)
1xSTM-4 optical port Slot 7 or
Slot8
TNM1CXL16 System control,
cross-connect,
timing, and line
board (CXL)
1xSTM-16 optical port Slot 7 or
Slot8
Boards
in the
extended
slots
TNM1AUX Auxiliary interface
board
One orderwire phone
port
6-input and 2-output
alarm port
Two external clock
ports
One 64 kbit/s
synchronous data port
One 19.2 kbit/s
asynchronous data
port
One port for
monitoring an
outdoor cabinet
One of the
Slots 1 to 6
TNH2SL1D 2xSTM-1 optical
interface board
2xSTM-1 optical ports One of the
Slots 1 to 6
TNH2SL1Q 4xSTM-1 optical
interface board
4xSTM-1 optical ports One of the
Slots 1 to 6
TNH2SL4D 2xSTM-4 optical
interface board
2xSTM-4 optical ports One of the
Slots 1 to 6
TNH2PL3T 3xE3/T3 electrical
interface board
3xE3/T3 electrical ports One of the
Slots 1 to 6
TNH2SP3D 42xE1/T1 electrical
interface board
42xE1/T1 electrical
ports
One of the
Slots 1 to 6
TNH2EGT1 1xGE Ethernet
transparent
transmission board
1xGE optical port One of the
Slots 1 to 6
TNH2EFS8 8xFE Ethernet
switching and
processing board
8xFE electrical ports One of the
Slots 1 to 6
OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical
Transmission System
Product Description 1 Product Positioning and Features
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Board Description Interface Valid Slot
Fan
board
TNM1FAN Fan board - Slot 93
Power
supply
board
TND1PIU DC power supply
board
Provides -48 V/-60 V
DC power supply ports.
Slot 91 or
Slot 92
TNF1APIU AC power supply
board
Provides two 110 V/220
V AC power supply
ports
Slots 2
and 4
Slots 4
and 6
(recomme
nded)
1.2 Product Positioning
The OptiX OSN 550 is used at the access layer of a transmission network, providing STM-1,
STM-4, and STM-16 optical ports. The equipment works with other access-layer equipment
to build an entire equipment family at the access layer and complete Huawei's optical
transmission product series.
Figure 1-3 shows the position of the OptiX OSN 550 in a transmission network.
Figure 1-3 Position of the OptiX OSN 550 in a transmission network
OptiX OSN 500
OptiX OSN 9500
Backbone
layer
Convergence
layer
Access
layer
OptiX OSN 550
OptiX Metro 100OptiX Metro 100
Networkterminal unit
OptiX OSN 550
OptiX OSN 500
Switching /Base Station
Ethernet
OptiX OSN 7500 OptiX OSN 7500
OptiX OSN 3500 OptiX OSN 3500
OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical
Transmission System
Product Description 1 Product Positioning and Features
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1.3 Product Features
This section describes the product features and customer value.
Various Ports, Flexible Configuration Models
The OptiX OSN 550 provides a wide variety of service ports, supporting multiple network
topologies such as chains and rings. With more flexible deployment of the OptiX OSN 550,
network resources are made best use of.
Low Power Consumption and Noise, High Integration The power consumption of the typical configuration is 67 W.
The equipment integration is high. The CXL board integrates the system control unit,
cross-connect unit, timing unit, and line unit.
Six extended slots are available.
Simple Structure, Easy-to-Install, High Scalability The OptiX OSN 550 is small in size can easy-to-install. It can be desk-mounted and
wall-mounted.
The OptiX OSN 550 supports evolution to the packet domain. So, the equipment can be
reused to the maximum extent, and carriers' construction cost is reduced.
Various Types of Power Inputs -48 V and -60 V DC power input
110 V and 220 V AC power input
OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical
Transmission System
Product Description 2 Product Architecture
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2 Product Architecture
2.1 System Architecture
This section describes its function units and the relationship between these units.
System Architecture
The OptiX OSN 550 consists of the following function units: service interface unit, TDM
switching unit, control unit, timing unit, auxiliary interface unit, fan unit, and power supply
unit.
Figure 2-1 Block diagram
Synchronous/Asynchronous dataExternal alarm
Service
interface
unit
Fan unitClock
unit
Control
unit
Auxiliary
interface
unit
-48V / -60V DC or
Orderwire
NM data
Control and
overhead bus
Power
unit
VC-4
signal
Outdoor cabinet management port
STM-1/4/16
FE/GE
E1/T1/E3/T3
110V/220V AC
Timeslot
cross-
connect unit
Table 2-1 Function units of the OptiX OSN 550
Function Unit Function
Service interface
unit
Receives and transmits STM-1, STM-4, and STM-16 signals.
Receives and transmits E1/T1 signals and E3/T3 signals.
Receives and transmits FE/GE signals.
OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical
Transmission System
Product Description 2 Product Architecture
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Function Unit Function
TDM switching
unit
Provides cross-connect function and grooms TDM services.
Control unit Performs system communication and control.
Configures and manages the system.
Collects alarms and monitors performance.
Processes overheads.
Clock unit Traces clock sources and provides clock signals for the system.
Provides the input/output port for external clocks.
Auxiliary interface
unit
Provides the orderwire phone port.
Provides the synchronous/asynchronous data port.
Provides the external alarm input/output port.
Provides the port for monitoring an outdoor cabinet
Power supply unit Connects to -48 V and-60 V DC power supplies.
Connects to 110 V and 220 V AC power supplies.
Fan unit Cools the NE.
2.2 Hardware Structure
This section mainly describes the system architecture, chassis, and boards of the OptiX OSN
550.
2.2.1 Chassis
The OptiX OSN 550 is 2U-high case-shaped equipment that consists of four layers of slots for
boards. Two CXL slots and six extended slots are provided for flexible configuration.
2.2.2 Boards
Boards are an important part of the equipment hardware.
2.2.3 Ventilation Design
The case of the OptiX OSN 550 is densely covered with small air holes. Through these holes,
air is let in from the left and out from the right by fans.
2.2.1 Chassis
The OptiX OSN 550 is 2U-high case-shaped equipment that consists of four layers of slots for
boards. Two CXL slots and six extended slots are provided for flexible configuration.
Figure 2-2 shows the exterior of the OptiX OSN 550.
OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical
Transmission System
Product Description 2 Product Architecture
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Figure 2-2 Exterior of the OptiX OSN 550
Board
installation
area
SLOT
9
(PIU)
SLOT 7 (CST/CSH)
SLOT 1 (EXT )
SLOT 5 (EXT)
SLOT 3 (EXT)
SLOT 2 (EXT )
SLOT 4 (EXT)
SLOT 6 (EXT)
SLOT 8 (CST/CSH)SLOT
10
(PIU) SLOT
11
(FAN)SLOT92
(PIU) SLOT 1 (EXT)
SLOT 5 (EXT)
SLOT 3 (EXT)
SLOT 2 (EXT)
SLOT 4 (EXT)
SLOT 6 (EXT)
SLOT 8 (CXL)SLOT91
(PIU) SLOT93
(FAN)
Power supply board area
System control, switching,
and timing board area
Extended board area
Fan area
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
SLOT 7 (CXL)
W
H
D
The OptiX OSN 550 has the following slot areas:
Power supply area: This area houses power supply modules for the power input and
output of the equipment.
Fan area: This area houses fan modules, which dissipate heat generated by the equipment.
The fan board supports the status checks for locked-rotor and rotating speed, status query,
and fault reporting.
Extended slot area: This area houses a wide range of extended boards and AC power
supply board APIU on the OptiX OSN 550.
System control, switching, and timing slot area: This area houses the CXL board on the
OptiX OSN 550.
2.2.2 Boards
Boards are an important part of the equipment hardware.
Table 2-2 lists the boards supported by the OptiX OSN 550.
OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical
Transmission System
Product Description 2 Product Architecture
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Table 2-2 Board list
Board Description Interface Valid Slot
CXL board TNM1CXL1 System control,
cross-connect,
timing, and line
board (CXL)
1xSTM-1 optical
port
Slot 7 or
Slot8
TNM1CXL4 System control,
cross-connect,
timing, and line
board (CXL)
1xSTM-4 optical
port
Slot 7 or
Slot8
TNM1CXL16 System control,
cross-connect,
timing, and line
board (CXL)
1xSTM-16 optical
port
Slot 7 or
Slot8
Boards in the
extended slots
TNM1AUX Auxiliary
interface board
One orderwire
phone port
6-input and
2-output alarm port
Two external clock
ports
One 64 kbit/s
synchronous data
port
One 19.2 kbit/s
asynchronous data
port
One port for
monitoring an
outdoor cabinet
One of the
Slots 1 to
6
TNH2SL1D 2xSTM-1
optical interface
board
2xSTM-1 optical
ports
One of the
Slots 1 to
6
TNH2SL1Q 4xSTM-1
optical interface
board
4xSTM-1 optical
ports
One of the
Slots 1 to
6
TNH2SL4D 2xSTM-4
optical interface
board
2xSTM-4 optical
ports
One of the
Slots 1 to
6
TNH2PL3T 3xE3/T3
electrical
interface board
3xE3/T3 electrical
ports
One of the
Slots 1 to
6
TNH2SP3D 42xE1/T1
electrical
interface board
42xE1/T1 electrical
ports
One of the
Slots 1 to
6
OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical
Transmission System
Product Description 2 Product Architecture
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Board Description Interface Valid Slot
TNH2EGT1 1xGE Ethernet
transparent
transmission
board
1xGE optical port One of the
Slots 1 to
6
TNH2EFS8 8xFE Ethernet
switching and
processing
board
8xFE electrical ports One of the
Slots 1 to
6
Fan board TNM1FAN Fan board - Slot 93
Power supply
board
TND1PIU DC power
supply board
Provides -48 V/-60
V DC power supply
ports.
Slot 91 or
Slot 92
TNF1APIU AC power
supply board
Provides two 110
V/220 V AC power
supply ports
Slots 2
and 4
Slots 4
and 6
(recomm
ended)
2.2.3 Ventilation Design
The case of the OptiX OSN 550 is densely covered with small air holes. Through these holes,
air is let in from the left and out from the right by fans.
Ensure the smooth flow of air inside and around the equipment. Do not block the air inlet and air outlet
of the subrack when cabling. Keep the top of subrack clean.
OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical
Transmission System
Product Description 2 Product Architecture
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Figure 2-3 Ventilation design of the OptiX OSN 550
AIR IN
AIR OUT
2.3 Software Architecture
This section describes the software architecture of the OptiX OSN 550.
2.3.1 Overview of Software Architecture
The software system is of a modular structure. The modules accomplish the corresponding
functions and interoperate with each other.
2.3.2 Communication Protocols and Interfaces
The communication interfaces on the equipment are mainly Qx interfaces. For the description
of the protocol stacks and messages on the Qx interfaces, see ITU-T G.773, ITU-T Q.811, and
ITU-T Q.812.
2.3.3 Board Software
Board software runs on boards configured with CPUs and performs management, monitoring,
and control functions for the boards.
2.3.4 NE Software
The NE software manages, monitors, and controls the running of boards in the NE. In
addition, the NE software serves as the service unit for the communication between the NMS
and boards. In this manner, the NMS can control and manage the NE.
2.3.5 NMS Software
Like other optical transmission equipment, the OptiX OSN 550 is managed by the iManager
series NMS.
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2.3.1 Overview of Software Architecture
The software system is of a modular structure. The modules accomplish the corresponding
functions and interoperate with each other.
The software modules fall into three types: the board software that runs on a variety of
functional boards, the NE software that runs on the system control and communication board,
and the network management software that runs on the network management computer.
The software system is of layered design. That is, each layer performs specific functions and
serves its upper layer. Figure 2-4 shows the general architecture of software. All the modules
except the network management system and the board software are NE software.
Figure 2-4 General architecture of software
2.3.2 Communication Protocols and Interfaces
The communication interfaces on the equipment are mainly Qx interfaces. For the description
of the protocol stacks and messages on the Qx interfaces, see ITU-T G.773, ITU-T Q.811, and
ITU-T Q.812.
A Qx interface mainly connects a mediation device (MD), Q adaptation (QA), or network
element (NE) with an operations system (OS) through the local communication network
(LCN). A QA interface is provided at the NE management layer, and an MD and OS are
provided at the network management layer. As specified in the Recommendation, a Qx
interface is developed in compliance with the Connectionless Network LayerService (CLNS1)
based on TCP/IP. A Qx interface supports the remote access of NMS through a modem, and
the IP layer uses the Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) accordingly.
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2.3.3 Board Software
Board software runs on boards configured with CPUs and performs management, monitoring,
and control functions for the boards.
On the OptiX OSN 550, the software that controls all boards runs on the CXL board.
The board software receives the commands issued by the NE software, and reports the board
status to the NE software in the form of performance events and alarms.
The specific functions include alarm management, performance management, configuration
management, and communication management. The drive control over functional circuits of
the board is software-specific. The ITU-T compliant functions are achieved under the control
of the NE software.
2.3.4 NE Software
The NE software manages, monitors, and controls the running of boards in the NE. In
addition, the NE software serves as the service unit for the communication between the NMS
and boards. In this manner, the NMS can control and manage the NE.
In compliance with ITU-T M.3010, the NE software belongs to the element management
layer in the telecommunications management network (TMN), and provides NE functions,
some coordination functions, and operations system functions at the network element layer.
The data communication function (DCF) provides communication functions between the NE
and other components (including mediation devices, NMS, and other NEs).
Real-time multi-task operating system
The real-time multi-task operating system of the NE software is responsible for the
management of public resources and supports applications. This system provides an
application execution environment that is independent of the processor hardware, to
separate applications from the processor.
Communication and control module
The Communication and control module is the interface module between the NE
software and the board software. According to the corresponding communication
protocol, the communication and control module achieves the communication between
the NE software and the board software. In this manner, the information can be
exchanged and the equipment can be maintained. On one hand, the communication and
control module issues the maintenance operation commands of the NE software to the
boards. On the other hand, it reports the status, alarms, and performance events of the
boards to the NE software.
Network side (NS) module
The network side (NS) module is between the communication module and equipment
management module. It converts the data format between the user operation side on the
application layer and the NE equipment management layer, and provides security control
for the NE layer. The NS module can be subdivided into three submodules in terms of
function: Qx interface module, command line interface module, and security
management module.
Equipment management module
The equipment management module (AM) is the kernel of the NE software. It
implements NE management, and includes the Manager and the Agent. The Manager
sends network management operation commands and receives event information. The
Agent responds to the network management operation commands sent by the Manager,
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performs operations to managed objects, and reports events according to the status
change of the managed objects.
Communication module
This module fulfills the message communication function (MCF) of the functional
blocks of the transmission network equipment. Through the hardware interface provided
by the SCB board, the communication module transmits the OAM&P information and
exchanges management information between the NMS and NEs, and between NEs
themselves. The communication module consists of network communication module,
serial communication module, and ECC communication module.
Database management module
The database management module is a principal component of the NE software. It
consists of the data and the programs. The data, organized by database form, consists of
the network database, alarm database, performance database, and equipment database.
The program manages and accesses the data in the databases.
2.3.5 NMS Software
Like other optical transmission equipment, the OptiX OSN 550 is managed by the iManager
series NMS.
The NMS manages the optical transport network, and maintains all the OSN, SDH, Metro,
and DWDM equipment on networks.
The NMS, which complies with the ITU-T Recommendations, adopts a standard management
information model and the object-oriented management technology. The NMS exchanges
information with the NE software through the communication module to monitor and manage
the network equipment.
The NMS software runs on a workstation or PC. It manages the equipment and the
transmission network. The NMS software provides the operation and maintenance function
for the transmission equipment, and also provides the management capability for the
transmission network. The NMS software has the following management functions:
Alarm management: collects, prompts, filters, browses, acknowledges, checks, clears,
counts alarms in real time, inserts alarms, analyzes alarm correlation, and diagnoses
faults.
Performance management: sets performance monitoring; browses, analyses and prints
performance data; forecasts medium- and long-term performance; resets the performance
register.
Configuration management: configures and manages the ports, clocks, services, trails,
subnets, and time.
Security management: NM user management; NE user management; NE login
management; NE login lockout; NE setting lockout; and local craft terminal (LCT)
access control.
Maintenance management: performs loopbacks; resets boards; automatically shuts down
lasers; detects fiber power; collects equipment data. In this manner, the maintenance
personnel can locate and rectify equipment faults more quickly.
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3 Product Functions and Features
3.1 Capacity
Capacities are classified into the cross-connect capacity and the access capacity.
Cross-Connect Capacity
The OptiX OSN 550 supports a higher order cross-connect capacity of 20 Gbit/s, and a lower
order cross-connect capacity of 5 Gbit/s.
Access Capacity
The OptiX OSN 550 receives and transmits services through a wide range of ports, supporting
an access capacity of 12.5 Gbit/s.
Table 3-1 lists the maximum access capacity of the equipment.
Table 3-1 Access capacity of the OptiX OSN 550
Service Type Maximum Access Capacity
STM-16 standard service 2
STM-4 standard service 14
STM-1 standard service 26
E3/T3 service 18
E1/T1 service 252
Fast Ethernet (FE) service 48
Gigabit Ethernet (GE) service 6
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3.2 Port Types
The external ports of the OptiX OSN 550 include service ports and management and auxiliary
ports.
Service Ports
The services ports on the OptiX OSN 550 include the SDH service ports, PDH service ports,
and Ethernet service ports.
Table 3-2 lists the services ports that the OptiX OSN 550 support.
Table 3-2 Services ports that the OptiX OSN 550 support
Port Type Specifications Function Connector Type
SDH port STM-1 optical port: S-1.1
(single-fiber bidirectional),
L-1.1 (single-fiber
bidirectional), and L-1.2
Receives and transmits
STM-1 optical signals.
LC
STM-4 optical port: S-4.1
(single-fiber bidirectional),
L-4.1, and L-4.2
Receives and transmits
STM-4 optical signals.
STM-16 optical port:
S-16.1, L-16.1, and L-16.2
Receives and transmits
STM-16 optical signals.
PDH port 75/120-ohm E1 electrical
port
Receives and transmits E1
electrical signals.
Anea 96
100-ohm T1 electrical port Receives and transmits T1
electrical signals.
75-ohm E3/T3 electrical
port
Receives and transmits
E3/T3 electrical signals.
SMB
Ethernet
service port
100BASE-TX Receives and transmits
10M/100M Ethernet
electrical signals.
RJ45
1000BASE-LX
(single-fiber bidirectional)
Receives and transmits
1000M Ethernet optical
signals.
LC
Management and Auxiliary ports
The OptiX OSN 550 provides a wide range of management and auxiliary ports.
Table 3-3 lists the management and auxiliary ports that the OptiX OSN 550 supports.
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Table 3-3 Management and auxiliary ports that the OptiX OSN 550 supports
Port Type Description Function Connector Type
Management
port
Network management
port
Connects to the NMS, such
as the U2000
RJ45
Alarm port 6-input and 2-output
alarm port
Connects to the external
centralized alarm device and
external environment
monitoring device.
RJ45
Clock port Two external clock
input/output ports
Inputs and outputs external
clocks.
RJ45
Auxiliary ports One 64 kbit/s
synchronous serial port
Provides a codirectional data
channel port. RJ45
One 19.2 kbit/s
asynchronous
transparent data port
Transparently transmits data
services.
RJ45
Port for
monitoring an
outdoor cabinet
One port for monitoring
an outdoor cabinet
Connects to an outdoor
cabinet
RJ45
Orderwire phone
port
One orderwire phone
interface
Used for voice
communication between
operation personnel or
maintenance personnel at
different workstations
RJ45
Power Supply Ports
The OptiX OSN 550 supports DC power supply ports.
Table 3-4 lists the DC power supply ports that the OptiX OSN 550 supports.
Table 3-4 DC power supply ports that the OptiX OSN 550 supports
Port Type Description Function Connector Type
Power supply port DC power input Connects to the -48 V
and -60 V DC power
supply.
Four-phase socket
AC power input Connects to the 110 V
and 220 V AC power
supply.
Three-phase socket
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3.3 Network Topology
The OptiX OSN 550 supports a wide range of network topologies such as rings and chains.
The OptiX OSN 550 supports separate and combined configuration of the following types:
terminal multiplexer (TM), add/drop multiplexer (ADM), and multiple add/drop multiplexer
(MADM). The OptiX OSN 550 uses STM-1, STM-4, and STM-16 optical ports to form a
chain network or ring network.
The OptiX OSN 550 is used at the access layer, and network with Huawei's OptiX Metro
series and OptiX OSN series. In addition, it can network with third-party equipment.
3.4 Protection Support
The OptiX OSN 550 provides equipment protection schemes, and complete network
protection schemes for a wide range of services.
3.4.1 Equipment-level Protection
The OptiX OSN 550 supports the following equipment-level protection schemes: LAG, power
1+1 backup, and CXL board 1+1 backup.
3.4.2 Network-Level Protection
The OptiX OSN 550 supports the following network-level protection schemes: MSP, SNCP,
and fiber-shared virtual path protection.
3.4.1 Equipment-level Protection
The OptiX OSN 550 supports the following equipment-level protection schemes: LAG, power
1+1 backup, and CXL board 1+1 backup.
Table 3-5 lists the equipment-level protection schemes supported by the OptiX OSN 550.
Table 3-5 Equipment-level protection
Protected Object Protection scheme
System control, cross-connect, timing and
line (CXL) board
1+1 backup
Power interface board 1+1 backup
Ports on Ethernet boards LAG
LAG Protection
Table 3-6 Performance specifications
Item Description
Quantity A maximum of eight link aggregation groups (LAGs); a
maximum of eight ports in each LAG
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Item Description
Revertive Mode Revertive (default value), non-revertive
Load sharing mode Load sharing, load non-sharing
Power 1+1 Backup
The OptiX OSN 550 supports power 1+1 backup.
The PIU board feeds two -48 V (or -60 V) power supplies at the same time. The two
power supplies provides mutual backup. If one power supply fails, the equipment works
properly with the other power supply.
The APIU board supports hitless switching between two power modules. One power
module provides protection functions in the cases of input overvoltage, input
undervoltage, output overvoltage, output over-current, output short-circuit, and
over-temperature.
CXL Board 1+1 Backup
The OptiX OSN 550 supports 1+1 backup of system control, switching, timing and line (CXL)
boards.
Table 3-7 Performance specifications
Item Description
Slots for working and
protection boards
Slots 7 and 8
Switching condition Switching triggered by board removal, manual switching, and
automatic switching
Revertive mode Non-revertive
After switching, the original protection board is the current
working board. The original working board remains the current
protection board even if it recovers to normal.
3.4.2 Network-Level Protection
The OptiX OSN 550 supports the following network-level protection schemes: MSP, SNCP,
and fiber-shared virtual path protection.
MSP
The OptiX OSN 550 supports 1+1 linear MSP, 1:N (N ≤ 14), two-fiber unidirectional ring
MSP, and two-fiber bidirectional ring MSP.
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Linear MSP
The linear MSP is mainly used in a chain network. The OptiX OSN 550 supports a maximum
of thirteen 1+1 and 1:N (N ≤ 14) linear MSP groups. Under the linear MSP, the switching
time is less than 50 ms, as specified in ITU-T G.841.
Table 3-8 lists the parameters for linear MSP.
Table 3-8 Parameters for linear MSP
Protection Type
Revertive Mode
Switching Protocol
Switching Duration
Default WTR Time
Switching Condition (Any of the Conditions Triggers the Switching)
1+1
single-ended
switching
Non-rever
tive
Not
required
< 50 ms - R_LOS
R_LOF
MS_AIS
B2_EXC
B2_SD (optional)
Forced switching
Manual switching
Exercise switching
Lockout of
protectionNote
1+1
single-ended
switching
Revertive Not
required
< 50 ms 600s
1+1
dual-ended
switching
Non-rever
tive
APS
protocol
< 50 ms -
1+1
dual-ended
switching
Revertive APS
protocol
< 50 ms 600s
1:N
dual-ended
switching
Revertive APS
protocol
< 50 ms 600s
Lockout of protection involves that all services including normal services and extra services are locked
in the working channel. If the service is already switched to the protection channel, the command
forcibly switches it back to the working channel even when the working channel is not restored. If the
service is in the working channel, the service is not switched to the protection channel after the
command is executed.
The optical port of the CXL board cannot be configured into the same linear MSP group with the optical
port of an extended board.
Ring MSP
The OptiX OSN 550 supports the following types of ring MSP:
Two-fiber unidirectional ring MSP at the STM-1 level
Two-fiber unidirectional/bidirectional ring MSP at the STM-4 level
Two-fiber unidirectional/bidirectional ring MSP at the STM-16 level
The OptiX OSN 550 supports two-fiber multiplex section protection rings, with the switching
time less than 50 ms, as specified in ITU-T Recommendation G.841.
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Table 3-9 lists the maximum number of MSP rings supported by the OptiX OSN 550.
Table 3-9 Maximum number of MSP rings supported by the OptiX OSN 550
Protection Scheme Maximum Number of MSP Rings
Two-fiber MSP ring at the STM-1 level 13
Two-fiber MSP ring at the STM-4 level 7
Two-fiber MSP ring at the STM-16 level 1
Table 3-10 lists the parameters for ring MSP.
Table 3-10 Parameters for ring MSP
Protection Type
Revertive Mode
Switching Protocol
Switching Duration
Default WTR Time
Switching Condition (Any of the Conditions Triggers the Switching)
Two-fiber
bidirectional
MSP
Revertive APS
protocol
< 50 ms 600s R_LOS
R_LOF
MS_AIS
B2_EXC
B2_SD (optional)
Forced switching
Manual switching
Exercise
switching
Lockout of
protectionNote
Two-fiber
unidirection
al MSP
Revertive APS
protocol
< 50 ms 600s
Lockout of protection involves that all services including normal services and extra services are locked
in the working channel. If the service is already switched to the protection channel, the command
forcibly switches it back to the working channel even when the working channel is not restored. If the
service is in the working channel, the service is not switched to the protection channel after the
command is executed.
The optical port of the CXL board cannot be configured into the same ring MSP group with the optical
port of an extended board.
SNCP
The OptiX OSN 550 supports 1032 sub-network connection protection (SNCP) groups.
The OptiX OSN 550 supports the SNCP at the VC-12, VC-3, and VC-4 levels. The protection
characteristics meet the requirements specified in ITU-T G.841. Even multiple services are
switched synchronously, the switching time is less than 50 ms.
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Table 3-11 lists the parameters for SNCP.
Table 3-11 Parameters for SNCP
Protection Type
Revertive Mode
Switching Duration
Default WTR Time
Switching Condition (Any of the Conditions Triggers the Switching)
SNCP Revertive < 50 ms 600s At the VC-12 level:
R_LOS
R_LOF
AU_AIS
AU_LOP
TU_LOP
MS_AIS
TU_AIS
TU_LOP
LP_UNEQ (optional)
BIP_SD (optional)
BIP_EXC (optional)
At the VC-3 level:
R_LOS
R_LOF
AU_AIS
AU_LOP
TU_LOP
MS_AIS
TU_AIS
TU_LOP
LP_UNEQ (optional)
B3_SD (optional)
B3_EXC (optional)
At the VC-4 level:
R_LOS
R_LOF
AU_AIS
AU_LOP
TU_LOP
MS_AIS
B2_EXC
HP_UNEQ (optional)
HP_TIM (optional)
B3_SD (optional)
B3_EXC (optional)
Non-revert
ive
< 50 ms -
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Fiber-Shared Virtual Path Protection
In the fiber-shared virtual path protection, one STM-16 or STM-4 optical path is logically
divided into multiple lower order or higher order paths. The path-level rings can be
configured with the protection schemes such as MSP, SNCP, and non-protection.
As shown in Figure 3-1, an STM-4 path is logically divided into two. Two VC-4 channels are
configured with MSP, and the other two VC-4 channels are divided into lower order channels
and then configured with SNCP. This protection scheme is fiber-shared virtual path
protection.
Any combination of MSP and SNCP is supported on a shared fiber. The virtual paths that share the fiber,
however, cannot be of the MSP attribute at the same time, because an optical path can provide only one
pair of K bytes.
Figure 3-1 Fiber-shared virtual path protection
STM-4
SNCP/MSP
MSTP
3.5 Clock Synchronization
The OptiX OSN 550 supports a wide range of synchronous clock sources and clock
management functions.
Table 3-12 lists the clock functions supported by the OptiX OSN 550.
Table 3-12 Clock functions supported by the OptiX OSN 550
Item Description
Clock protocol Supports the standard Synchronization
Status Message (SSM) protocol, extended
SSM protocol, and non-SSM protocol.
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Item Description
Clock source Supports two 120-ohm external clock
outputs/inputs.
Supports line clocks, tributary clocks, and
internal clocks.
Supports the priority table for one 2
Mbit/s phase-locked source
Working mode Supports the locked mode, holdover mode,
and free-run mode
3.6 Ethernet Features
The OptiX OSN 550 supports Ethernet private line (EPL) services, Ethernet virtual private
line (EVPL) services, Ethernet private LAN (EPLAN) services, and Ethernet virtual private
LAN (EVPLAN) services. In addition, the OptiX OSN 550 supports a wide range of Ethernet
protection, operating, and maintenance functions.
3.6.1 Service Support
This section describes the application of Ethernet services.
3.6.2 Protection Support
The OptiX OSN 550 supports Ethernet protection schemes such as Link Capacity Adjustment
Scheme (LCAS), Spanning Tree Protocol(STP)/Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP), and
Link State Pass Through (LPT).
3.6.3 Maintenance
The OptiX OSN 550 supports a variety of Ethernet operation and maintenance functions.
3.6.1 Service Support
This section describes the application of Ethernet services.
The OptiX OSN 550 supports the following services:
EPL service
EVPL Service
EPLAN service
EVPLAN service
EPL Service
The EPL technology accomplishes the point-to-point transparent transmission of the Ethernet
services. As shown in Figure 3-2, the Ethernet services of different NEs are transmitted to the
destination node through their segregated VCTRUNKs. In this manner, secure and reliable
transmission is achieved. The Ethernet services are also protected by SDH self-healing ring
(SHR).
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Figure 3-2 EPL services based on port
VCTRUNK 1PORT1
PORT2
VCTRUNK 1
VCTRUNK2 VCTRUNK2
POTR1
A
NE 1 NE 2
B
PORT2
OptiX OSN
equipmentEnterprise user
A
B
EVPL Service
The OptiX OSN 550 supports two types of EVPL services.
EVPL services sharing one port. Services are transmitted in different VLANs and share
the bandwidth of one port.
As shown in Figure 3-3, the services are classified into two flows by using VLAN IDs, and
the two VLAN IDs indicate different departments of company A. The two flows are
transmitted through different VCTRUNKs.
Figure 3-3 EVPL services sharing one port
Headquarters
of Company A
NE 1 NE 2
Marketing department
of Company A
Technical support
department of
Company A
OptiX OSN
equipment Enterprise user
PORT1
PORT2
VLAN100
PORT1
VLAN100
VLAN200VLAN200
VCTRUNK1
VCTRUNK2
EVPL services sharing one VCTRUNK. The OptiX OSN 550 converges and isolates
EVPL services by using the following methods:
− VLAN, as shown in Figure 3-4
− QinQ, as shown in Figure 3-5
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Figure 3-4 EVPL services isolated by VLAN IDs
VCTRUNK
A A
'
NE 1 NE 2
B
Community
broadband
Internet
cafe
OptiX OSN
equipment
VLAN100
VLAN200
VLAN100
VLAN200
1 PORT2PORT PORT1
B
'
PORT2
Figure 3-5 EVPL services isolated by QinQ
Branch 1
NE 1 NE 2
Company AOptiX OSN
equipment
Branch 2
Marketing
department
Technical support
department
Marketing
department
Technical support
department
VCTRUNK1
PORT1PORT1
`
C-Aware
Adding tags
S-AwareStripping tags
S-Aware C-Aware
EPLAN Service
The EPLAN services are multipoint-to-multipoint services sharing one VLAN. To be specific,
the OptiX OSN 550 adopts virtual bridge (VB) to perform Layer 2 switching of Ethernet
services.
Each board in the system has a VB, and each VB has a MAC address table. This MAC
address table is periodically updated by means of self-learning. Based on its destination MAC
address in the table, an incoming service is forwarded through a specific VCTRUNK. See
Figure 3-6.
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Figure 3-6 EPLAN service
Branch 1
NE 1NE 2
Company A OptiX OSN equipment
Branch 2
NE3Branch 3
Access point
Port 1
Port 1
Port 1
VCTRUNK1
VCTRUNK2
VCTRUNK1
PORT1
VCTRUNK1
PORT1PORT1 VB
VB
VB
EVPLAN Service
The EVPLAN services are multipoint-to-multipoint services sharing one VLAN, and the
services with the same VLAN IDs can be isolated within one VLAN. To be specific, two data
services, which have the same VLAN ID enter the same node and dynamically share the
bandwidth.
The OptiX OSN 550 transmits EVPLAN services by using the following methods:
IEEE 802.1ad, as shown in Figure 3-7
VLAN, as shown in Figure 3-8
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Figure 3-7 EVPLAN services isolated by IEEE 802.1ad bridges
NE 1 NE 2
Company
A
OptiX OSN
equipment
Branch 2
NE3Brach 3
Access
point
Port 1
Port 1
Port 1LSP
Branch 3
Branch 2
Port 2
Port 2
Port 2
VCTRUNK1
PORT1PORT2
VCTRUNK2
Branch 1
VCTRUNK2
VCTRUNK1
Company
B
LSP LSP PORT1PORT2
VC
TR
UN
K1
PO
RT
1P
OR
T2
VC
TR
UN
K2
C-Aware S-Aware
C-Aware
S-Aware
C-Aware
S-Aware
VB
VB
VB
Branch 1
OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical
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Figure 3-8 EVPLAN services isolated by VLAN IDs
NE 1 NE 2
Company
A
OptiX OSN
equipment
Branch 2
NE3Branch 3
Access
point
Port 1
Port 1
Port 1LSP
Branch 3
Port 2
VCTRUNK1
PORT1
PORT2
Branch 1
Company
B
LSP LSP
VLAN1
VLAN2
VB
Branch 1
VCTRUNK1
PORT1
VLAN1
VB
VCTRUNK1
PORT1
VLAN2
VB
3.6.2 Protection Support
The OptiX OSN 550 supports Ethernet protection schemes such as Link Capacity Adjustment
Scheme (LCAS), Spanning Tree Protocol(STP)/Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP), and
Link State Pass Through (LPT).
LCAS
LCAS provides an error tolerance mechanism, which provides services and restores a failed
member. LCAS has the following functions:
When used with the concatenation technology, LCAS enables the configuration of
system capacity, the increase and decrease in concatenated VCs, and the dynamic change
in bearer bandwidth (services are not affected during the dynamic change).
LCAS provides services and restores a failed member.
As shown in Figure 3-9, LCAS can dynamically add members to increase bandwidth, without
interrupting services. LCAS can also dynamically delete members to reduce bandwidth.
OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical
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Figure 3-9 Using LCAS to dynamically increase or decrease bandwidth
Branch
Adding a 10 Mbit/s
bandwidth
Headquarters
MSTP network
Member
Member
Branch Headquarters
MSTP
Member
Member
New member
As shown in Figure 3-10, LCAS protects Ethernet services. When a member fails, the failed
member is automatically deleted, and the other members continue to transmit data. When the
failed member is restored, it automatically joins the concatenation group and transmits data
again.
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Figure 3-10 Using LCAS to protect services in a concatenation group
BranchHeadquarters
MSTP network
Member
Member
Branch Headqarters
MSTP
Member
Member
Failed member
Deleting the failed member
STP/RSTP
The Ethernet boards support the STP/RSTP. After the STP and RSTP are started, the topology
must be reconfigured to prevent broadcast storms. In addition, STP and RSTP can protect
links through topology reconstruction.
LPT
LPT is a link-based protection scheme. When the active and standby ports between routers are
on different links, LPT can be used to protect services. To be specific, when a working link
becomes faulty, LPT shuts down the local port so that the opposite router learns that the
working link has failed. Then, the services are switched from the active port to the standby
port for transmission.
3.6.3 Maintenance
The OptiX OSN 550 supports a variety of Ethernet operation and maintenance functions.
ETH-OAM
ETH-OAM enhances the Ethernet Layer 2 maintenance to strongly support the service
continuity verification, service deployment commissioning and network fault locating.
With the continuous development of the Ethernet, especially when the network develops from
LAN to WAN, operators pay more attention to equipment maintainability. Solutions to
OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical
Transmission System
Product Description 3 Product Functions and Features
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operations, administration and maintenance (OAM) in the transmission network are required
urgently. Therefore, ETH-OAM is developed.
As a protocol based on the MAC layer, ETH-OAM checks Ethernet links by transmitting
OAM protocol packets. Compared with the transmission medium, this protocol is independent.
The OAM packets are processed only at the MAC layer, having no impact at other layers in
the Ethernet. Moreover, as a low-rate protocol, the ETH-OAM protocol occupies low
bandwidth. Therefore, this protocol does not affect services carried on the link.
Comparison between ETH-OAM and existing network on maintenance and fault locating:
The current port loopback function focuses on all packets at the port. Therefore, the
loopback cannot be performed for a specific service selectively.
ETH-OAM can detect hardware faults.
ETH-OAM can detect and locate faults automatically.
Both ITU-T and IEEE have researches on ETH-OAM. Currently, Huawei Ethernet service
processing boards realize the ETH-OAM function, which is subject to IEEE 802.1ag and
IEEE 802.3ah. As shown in Figure 3-11, the combination of IEEE 802.1ag and IEEE 802.3ah
provides a complete Ethernet OAM solution.
Figure 3-11 Application of IEEE 802.1ag OAM and IEEE 802.3ah OAM
Core Layer
PE1
CE4
PE2 CE3
P
P P
P
CE1
Router3
Access LayerAccess Layer
Custom LayerCustom Layer
Router1
Router2
IEEE 802.1ag IEEE 802.3ahIEEE 802.3ah
CE2
OptiX NE
IEEE 802.1ag OAM focuses on the maintenance of end-to-end Ethernet links. Based on
services, IEEE 802.1ag OAM realizes the end-to-end check by detecting each
maintenance domain successively. That is, it performs segmental management on each
network segment that is involved in the same service in the network.
IEEE 802.3ah OAM focuses on the point-to-point Ethernet link maintenance between
two pieces of directly-connected equipment in Ethernet in the first mile (EFM). IEEE
802.3ah OAM does not focus on the specific service. It maintains the Ethernet
point-to-point link by performing OAM auto-discovery, link performance monitoring,
fault check, remote loopback and self-loop check.
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Test Frames
A test frame is a data packet that is used to test the connectivity on the SDH network carrying
Ethernet services. The test frame is mainly used for deployment commissioning or fault
locating of Ethernet services.
Test frames can be used to test inter-NE Ethernet services and to locate faulty nodes in the
case of errors. In addition, test frames can be used to query the information about the opposite
NE, including NE ID, NE name, port ID, and VCTRUNK ID.
In terms of service processing, a transport network can be an access network or a service
network. For deployment commissioning or fault locating of Ethernet services, test frames
can be used to test the connectivity of SDH links on the service network. The bandwidth
occupied by test frames is too low to be considered. The sending mode and number of test
frames can be set.
As shown in Figure 3-12, when Ethernet services between Router 1 and Router 2 are
unavailable, test frames can be sent between neighboring nodes to locate the fault. The testing
process is as follows:
1. The VCTRUNK port of the data board on NE1 sends test frames to the VCTRUNK port
of the data board on NE2.
2. Upon receiving test frames, NE2 sends response packets to NE1.
3. NE1 counts the sent frames and received frames. Users determine the quality of the
service network based on the counts.
For bidirectional services, the service network is considered normal if the transmit end
receives response packets.
For unidirectional services, the service network is considered normal if the receive end
receives test frames.
Figure 3-12 Functions of test frames
OptiX NE
MAC VCTRUNK
Board
MAC
Board
Access network Service network Access network
NE1 NE2
VCTRUNK
Test frame
Response frame
Router 1 Router 2
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RMON
The remote monitor (RMON) function can be used to monitor the transport network data of
different network segments.
RMON provides the setting and query of statistics and control information at Ethernet ports.
The information is used for the analysis of Ethernet performance. In addition, RMON notifies
the NMS of the change in network performance through alarm and performance mechanisms.
The notification enables the NMS to conveniently manage the network.
As shown in Figure 3-13, there are five sites, and Site E needs to monitor the Ethernet service
from Site A.
Figure 3-13 Application networking of RMON
NE A
NE B NE C NE D
NE EE
the
rne
t po
rt
Eth
ern
et p
ort
There is an Ethernet service between Site A and Site E. The RMON function is used to
monitor the service from Site A. By querying the RMON performance of Ethernet service
boards on Site E, you can learn the alarm and performance information about the Ethernet
boards on Site A (transmit end). The RMON function is achieved through the following
modules:
Statistics group: records the current statistics of the real-time performance at Ethernet
ports.
History group: records the statistics of the Ethernet performance in a certain history
period.
History control group: specifies the method for obtaining the history data of each
Ethernet port.
Alarm group: provides alarm setting and enabling/disabling of monitoring status in
statistical samples.
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Product Description 4 Networking and Application Scenarios
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4 Networking and Application Scenarios
When planning the networking, adhere to the basic principles, and consider the NE types and
networking modes supported by the OptiX OSN 550.
The OptiX OSN 550s can independently form a chain or ring network, or form a hybrid
network with the other OptiX transmission equipment.
Basic Network Topologies of OptiX OSN 550s
The OptiX OSN 550 supports separate and combined configuration of the following types:
terminal multiplexer (TM), add/drop multiplexer (ADM), and multiple add/drop multiplexer
(MADM).
OptiX OSN 550s can form the following network topologies: chain, ring, tangent rings, and
ring with chain. In addition, OptiX OSN 550s can be interconnected with other OptiX OSN
equipment, OptiX DWDM equipment, and OptiX Metro equipment to provide a complete
transport network solution. See Table 4-1.
Table 4-1 Network topologies supported by OptiX OSN 550s and corresponding legends
Network Topology
Legend
Chain
Ring
OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical
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Product Description 4 Networking and Application Scenarios
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Network Topology
Legend
Tangent
rings
Ring with
chain
Networking and Application Scenarios
Generally, the OptiX OSN 550s are inter-networked with the other OptiX transmission
equipment. Figure 4-1 shows the networking scenario.
OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical
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Product Description 4 Networking and Application Scenarios
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Figure 4-1 Typical networking diagram of the OptiX OSN 550
PDH
V.35/V.24/
X.21/FE1
FE/E1
OptiX OSN 3500
OptiX OSN 3500
OptiX OSN 3500
OptiX OSN 500
OptiX OSN 3500
OptiX OSN 550
FE
OptiX OSN 550
OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical
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Product Description 5 Operation and Maintenance
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5 Operation and Maintenance
5.1 DCN
The OptiX OSN 550 supports three types of communication protocols and the transparent
transmission of DCC overheads over the external clock ports for the DCN networking.
When the OAM information of the OptiX OSN 550 needs to be transparently transmitted by
the third-party equipment, or when the OptiX OSN 550 needs to transparently transmit the
OAM information of the third-party equipment, the following modes can be adopted:
HW ECC
IP over DCC
OSI over DCC
When the DCC bytes of the third-party equipment cannot transmit the OAM information of
the OptiX OSN 550, the external clock port of the OptiX OSN 550 can be used instead.
Table 5-1 lists the DCC allocation modes supported by the OptiX OSN 550.
Table 5-1 DCC allocation modes supported by the OptiX OSN 550
DCC Allocation Description
Channel type D1-D3 and D4-D12
Running mode Mode 1 32 channels of D1-D3 bytes
Mode 2 12 channels of D1-D3 bytes,
6 channels of D4-D12 bytes
5.2 Network Management
The OptiX OSN 550 and other optical transmission equipment are unifiedly managed by the
iManager series NMS.
Through the Qx interface or the man machine language (MML) interface, the NMS can
manage the optical transmission system in the following aspects: faults, performance,
configuration, and security. In addition, the NMS can also maintain and test the optical
OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical
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Product Description 5 Operation and Maintenance
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transmission system. The NMS enhances the quality of network services, reduces the
maintenance cost, and ensures an efficient use of network resources.
A login to the LCT is not allowed during a login to the NMS. After a 30-minute logout of the
NMS, a login to the LCT is allowed.
5.3 Fault Locating and Equipment Maintenance
The OptiX OSN 550 provides powerful maintenance functions. Therefore, the user can
conveniently monitor, debug, and troubleshoot the equipment.
Alarm and Performance Management Provides the alarm input and output function, thus facilitating the collection of
equipment alarms.
Provides running status indicators and alarm indicators on each board, assisting the
administrator in locating and handling faults promptly.
Dynamically monitors the equipment operation and alarm status of all stations on the
NMS.
As for the 15-minute monitoring period, the equipment can store sixteen 15-minute
history performance, that is, four hours of 15-minute history performance.
As for the 24-hour monitoring period, the equipment can store six 24-hour history
performance, that is, six days of 24-hour history performance.
Fault Locating The PDH processing boards support the pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) test
function, which can be used to remotely test bit errors.
Supports data test frames to locate the faults of Ethernet services.
Provides the press-to-collect function for collecting fault data, which shortens the data
collection time before the service recovery. Users can collect fault data selectively, and
can stop a collection process manually.
Supports the loopback configuration on the port during the power-on process of the
equipment, which meets the test requirement of one-time visit to the site.
The service boards support inloop and outloop on ports.
OAM
The equipment provides the Ethernet OAM function which complies with IEEE 802.1ag and
IEEE 802.3ah.
Maintenance Provides automatic shutdown function of the SDH single-mode optical port.
Provides the orderwire function for management personnel at different stations to
communicate with each other.
Supports the in-service upgrading and loading of the board software and NE software.
The equipment also supports the remote loading of the board software and FPGA with
the error-loading-proof and resumable loading functions.
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Provides the network time protocol (NTP) function to achieve synchronization among
NEs.
The NMS supports the fiber auto-discovery function.
The NMS can display the port impedance.
Supports automatic synchronization of NE IDs and IP addresses for remote maintenance
of equipment.
Supports package loading and package diffusion.
5.4 Power and Environment Monitoring
The OptiX OSN 550 supports the power and environment monitoring function.
The OptiX OSN 550 provides the -48 V/-60 V DC power port, and can detect the input
voltage and the voltage status (severe undervoltage, undervoltage, overvoltage, or severe
overvoltage).
The OptiX OSN 550 provides 110 V/220 V AC power ports and supports protection functions
in the cases of input overvoltage, input undervoltage, output overvoltage, output over-current,
output short-circuit, and over-temperature.
The OptiX OSN 550 provides the alarm input and output functions. The alarm input
function can remotely monitor the environment of customers, and the alarm output function
can implement centralized monitoring over all equipment alarms.
5.5 NE Upgrades
The NE software of the OptiX OSN 550 can be upgraded by using package loading or
package diffusion.
Table 5-2 lists the upgrade methods available for the OptiX OSN 550.
Table 5-2 Upgrade methods available for the OptiX OSN 550
Upgrade Method
Definition Application Scenario
Characteristic Applicable Version
Package
loading
With a software
package
description file,
the software
package functions
as a logical
package of the
required software.
This logical
package can be
uploaded to
upgrade the entire
NE.
One NE needs to
be upgraded.
The system
control board and
other boards must
support package
loading.
There is a CF card
on the system
control board.
All the boards
on an NE can
be upgraded on
a unified GUI.
There is no
need to care
about which
board to
upgrade or
which files to
update.
Supported
by version
V100R003C
00 and later.
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Upgrade Method
Definition Application Scenario
Characteristic Applicable Version
Package
diffusion
With a software
package
description file,
the software
package functions
as a logical
package of the
required software.
The logical
package is diffused
and almost
synchronously
loaded to all NEs
on a network. This
upgrade method is
more efficient.
More than one NE
needs to be
upgraded.
The system
control board and
other boards must
support package
loading.
There is a CF card
on the system
control board.
All the boards
on an NE can
be upgraded on
a unified GUI.
There is no
need to care
about which
board to
upgrade or
which files to
update.
The software
package is
diffused level
by level.
Network load
and network
bandwidth are
both shared.
Supported
by version
V100R003C
00 and later.
5.6 License Control
Licenses grant customers permission to use an equipment version or a function/feature. The
OptiX OSN 550 supports a version-specific license.
Table 5-3 lists the information about the version-specific license that the OptiX OSN 550
supports.
Table 5-3 Information about the version-specific license that the OptiX OSN 550 supports
Function Application Scenario
The product of this version
is released with a license;
that is, customers can obtain
corresponding permission
committed by the supplier
based on the license
certificate.
At the deployment phase, you can configure or use the
new functions/features of this version only after the
license file of this version is loaded.
At the maintenance phase, renew the version license after
it expires.
NOTE
A license's status information can be queried on the NMS.
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Product Description 6 Technical Specifications
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6 Technical Specifications
6.1 General Specifications
This section describes the chassis dimensions, weight, power consumption, heat consumption,
power supply performance, electromagnetic compatibility, and reliability.
Table 6-1 lists the general specifications of the OptiX OSN 550.
Table 6-1 General specifications of the OptiX OSN 550
Item Description
Dimensions (H
x W x D)
88 mm x 442 mm x 220 mm
Weight 10 kg
Power
consumption
Maximum power consumption: 154 W
Typical power consumption: 67 W
The typical configuration is 2 x CXL + 1 x SL1Q + 2 x SP3D + FAN + 2
x PIU
, as shown in Figure 6-1.
Heat
consumption
Maximum heat consumption: 526 BTU/h
Typical heat consumption: 229 BTU/h
Power supply
performance
DC power supply
− Rated voltage: -48 V or -60 V
− Voltage range: -38.4 V to -57.6 V or -48 V to -72 V
AC power supply:
− Rated voltage: 110 V or 220 V
− Voltage range: 100 V to 240 V
Electromagneti
c compatibility
Complies with EMC Class A.
OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical
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Item Description
Reliability System availability: 0.9999986
Average annual repair rate: less than 1.5%
Mean time to repair (MTTR): 1 hour
Mean time between failures (MTBF): 81.99 years
Figure 6-1 Typical configuration of the OptiX OSN 550
SLOT
9
(PIU)
SLOT 7 (CST/CSH)
SLOT 1 (EXT )
SLOT 5 (EXT)
SLOT 3 (EXT)
SLOT 2 (EXT )
SLOT 4 (EXT)
SLOT 6 (EXT)
SLOT 8 (CST/CSH)SLOT
10
(PIU)SLOT
11
(FAN)SLOT92
(PIU)
SLOT 7 (CXL)
SLOT 1 (SP3D)
SLOT 3 (SP3D)
SLOT 2 (SL1Q)
SLOT 8 (CXL)SLOT91
(PIU) SLOT93
(FAN)
6.2 Power Consumption and Weight of Each Board
Weight and power consumption are principal hardware specifications of a board.
Table 6-2 lists the power consumption and weight of the boards on the OptiX OSN 550.
Table 6-2 Power consumption and weight of the boards on the OptiX OSN 550
Board Power Consumption (W) Weight (kg)
CXL 21.0 0.50
AUX 2.2 0.30
SL1D 3.5 0.30
SL1Q 4.5 0.30
SL4D 3.7 0.30
SP3D 11.9 0.85
PL3T 4.5 0.30
EGT1 8.3 0.60
EFS8 13.0 0.65
PIU 0.5 0.12
APIU Room temperature (25°C):
20.0
High temperature (55°C):
30.0
1.93
OptiX OSN 550 Multi-Service CPE Optical
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Board Power Consumption (W) Weight (kg)
FAN Room temperature (25°C):
4.1
High temperature (55°C):
29.6
0.30
6.3 Optical Port Specifications
This section describes the specifications of STM-1, STM-4, and STM-16 optical ports.
To provide effective precautions, the lower threshold of the input optical power of the board is set to be
more than the receiver sensitivity and the higher threshold of the input optical power of the board is set
to be less than the overload optical power.
Specifications of the STM-1 Optical Port
Table 6-3 lists the specifications of STM-1 optical port.
Table 6-3 Specifications of STM-1 optical port
Item Value
Nominal bit rate 155520 kbit/s
Optical port type S-1.1 L-1.1 L-1.2
Operating wavelength range (nm) 1261 to 1360 1280 to 1335 1480 to
1580
Optical fiber type Single-mode LC Single-mode LC Single-m
ode LC
Launched optical power range
(dBm)
-15 to -8 -5 to 0 -5 to 0
Receiver sensitivity (dBm) -28 -34 -34
Minimum overload (dBm) -8 -3 0
Minimum extinction ratio (dB) 8.2 10 10
NOTE
Format of optical port type is defined as follows: transmission distance-signal rate.fiber type
Explanation for optical port type "S-1.1" is as follows: "S" represents short distance; the first digit "1"
represents STM-1 signals; the second digit "1" represents ITU-T G.652 fibers (1310 nm).
Explanation for optical port type "L-1.1" is as follows: "L" represents long distance; the first digit "1"
represents STM-1 signals; the second digit "1" represents ITU-T G.652 fibers (1310 nm).
Explanation for optical port type "L-1.2" is as follows: "L" represents long distance; the first digit "1"
represents STM-1 signals; the second digit "2" represents ITU-T G.652 fibers (1550 nm).
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Specifications of the STM-4 Optical Port
Table 6-4 lists the specifications of STM-4 optical port.
Table 6-4 Specifications of STM-4 optical port
Item Value
Nominal bit rate 622080 kbit/s
Optical port type S-4.1 L-4.1 L-4.2
Operating wavelength range (nm) 1293 to
1334/1274 to
1356
1300 to 1325/1296 to
1300
1480 to
1580
Optical fiber type Single-mode
LC
Single-mode LC Single-mo
de LC
Launched optical power range
(dBm)
-15 to -8 -3 to +2 -3 to +2
Receiver sensitivity (dBm) -28 -28 -28
Minimum overload (dBm) -8 -8 -8
Minimum extinction ratio (dB) 8.2 10 10
NOTE
Format of optical port type is defined as follows: transmission distance-signal rate.fiber type
Explanation for optical port type "S-4.1" is as follows: "S" represents short distance; the first digit "4"
represents STM-4 signals; the second digit "1" represents ITU-T G.652 fibers (1310 nm).
Explanation for optical port type "L-4.1" is as follows: "L" represents long distance; the first digit "4"
represents STM-4 signals; the second digit "1" represents ITU-T G.652 fibers (1310 nm).
Explanation for optical port type "L-4.2" is as follows: "L" represents long distance; the first digit "4"
represents STM-4 signals; the second digit "2" represents ITU-T G.652 fibers (1550 nm).
Specifications of the STM-16 Optical Port
Table 6-5 lists the specifications of the STM-16 optical port.
Table 6-5 Specifications of the STM-16 optical port
Item Value
Nominal bit rate 2488320 kbit/s
Optical port type S-16.1 L-16.1 L-16.2
Transmission distance (km) 2 to 15 20 to 40 50 to 80
Operating wavelength range (nm) 1274 to 1356 1280 to 1335 1500 to
1580
Optical fiber type Single-mode
LC
Single-mode LC Single-mo
de LC
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Item Value
Launched optical power range
(dBm)
-5 to 0 -2 to +3 -2 to +3
Receiver sensitivity (dBm) -18 -27 -28
Minimum overload (dBm) 0 -9 -9
Minimum extinction ratio (dB) 8.2 8.2 8.2
NOTE
Format of optical port type is defined as follows: transmission distance-signal rate.fiber type
Explanation for optical port type "S-16.1" is as follows: "S" represents short distance; the first two digits
"16" represent STM-16 signals; the third digit "1" represents ITU-T G.652 fibers (1310 nm).
Explanation for optical port type "L-16.1" is as follows: "L" represents long distance; the first two digits
"16" represent STM-16 signals; the third digit "1" represents ITU-T G.652 fibers (1310 nm).
Explanation for optical port type "L-16.2" is as follows: "L" represents long distance; the first two digits
"16" represent STM-16 signals; the third digit "2" represents ITU-T G.652 fibers (1550 nm).
Specifications of the GE Optical Port
The GE optical ports of the OptiX OSN 550 comply with IEEE 802.3. Table 6-6 lists the main
specifications.
Table 6-6 Specifications of the GE optical port
Item Value
Nominal bit rate (Mbit/s) 1000
Optical port type 1000BASE-LX
Optical fiber type Single-mode LC
Transmission distance (km) 10
Operating wavelength (nm) 1270 to 1355
Mean launched power (dBm) -9 to -3
Receiver minimum sensitivity (dBm) -20
Minimum overload (dBm) -3
Minimum extinction ratio (dB) 9
6.4 Electrical Port Specifications
This section describes the specifications of PDH electrical ports and Ethernet electrical ports.
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Specifications of the PDH Electrical Port
Table 6-7 lists the specifications of the PDH electrical port.
Table 6-7 Specifications of the E1/T1 electrical port
Item Value
SP3DA SP3DB
Rate 1544 kbit/s 2048 kbit/s 2048 kbit/s
Access capacity 42xT1 42xE1 42xE1
Code pattern B8ZS, AMI HDB3 HDB3
Connector Anea96 Anea96 Anea96
Port impedance 100 ohms 120 ohms 75 ohms
Signal bit rate at the
output port
Complies with ITU-T G.703. Complies with
ITU-T G.703.
Permitted frequency
deviation at the input
port
Allowed attenuation
at the input port
Input jitter tolerance Complies with
ITU-T G.824.
Complies with
ITU-T G.823.
Complies with
ITU-T G.823.
Table 6-8 lists the specifications of the E3/T3 electrical port.
Table 6-8 Specifications of the E3/T3 electrical port
Item Value
Rate 34368 kbit/s 44736 kbit/s
Access capacity 3xE3/T3
Code pattern HDB3 B3ZS
Connector SMB SMB
Port impedance 75 ohms 75 ohms
Signal bit rate at the output port Complies with ITU-T G.703.
Permitted frequency deviation at the input
port
Allowed attenuation at the input port
Input jitter tolerance Complies with
ITU-T G.823.
Complies with ITU-T
G.824.
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Specifications of the Ethernet Electrical Port
Table 6-9 lists the specifications of the Ethernet electrical port.
Table 6-9 Specifications of the Ethernet electrical port
Item Value
Port type 100BASE-TX
Rate 100 Mbit/s
Code pattern MLT-3 coding signal
Connector RJ45
Standard for the
port
Complies with IEEE 802.3u.
6.5 Clock Port Specifications
This section describes the specifications of clock ports. The clock ports and synchronization
performance of the OptiX OSN 550 comply with ITU-T Recommendations.
Clock Port Types
The OptiX OSN 550 supports external clock input and output ports. Table 6-10 lists the clock
ports and their characteristics.
Table 6-10 Clock ports and their characteristics
Clock Type Characteristic
External
synchronous
source
Two 120-ohm 2048 kbit/s (G.703) or 2048 kHz (G.703) inputs
Synchronous
output
Two 120-ohm 2048 kbit/s (G.703) or 2048 kHz (G.703) outputs
Timing and Synchronization Performance
The timing and synchronization performance of the OptiX OSN 550 comply with ITU-T
G.813. Table 6-11 lists the timing and synchronization performance.
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Table 6-11 Timing and synchronization performance of the OptiX OSN 550
Output Jitter Output Frequency of the Internal Oscillator in Free-Run Mode
Long-Term Phase Variation (in Locked Mode)
Complies with
ITU-T G.813.
Complies with ITU-T G.813. Complies with ITU-T G.813.
6.6 EMC Specifications
The OptiX OSN 550 is designed in compliance with ETS 300 386 and ETS 300 127 standards
stipulated by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). The equipment
has also passed the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests.
Table 6-12 EMC standards
EMC Standard Description
IEC 61000-4-2
EN 61000-4-2
Electromagnetic compatibility-Part4-2: Testing and
measurement techniques-Electrostatic discharge immunity test
IEC 61000-4-3
EN 61000-4-3
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)-Part 4-3: Testing and
measurement techniques-Radiated, radio-frequency,
electromagnetic field immunity test
IEC 61000-4-4
EN 61000-4-4
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)-Part 4-4: Testing and
measurement techniques-Electrical fast transient/burst
immunity test
IEC 61000-4-5
EN 61000-4-5
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)-Part 4-5: Testing and
measurement techniques-Surge immunity test
IEC 61000-4-6
EN 61000-4-6
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)-Part 4-6: Testing and
measurement techniques-Immunity to conducted disturbances,
induced by radio-frequency fields
IEC 61000-4-29
EN 61000-4-29
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)-Part 4-29: Testing and
measurement techniques-Voltage dips, shot interruptions and
voltage variations on d.c. input power port immunity tests
CISPR 22/EN 55022 Information technology equipment-Radio disturbance
characteristics-Limits and methods of measurement
CISPR 24/EN 55024 Information technology equipment-immunity
characteristics-Limits and methods of measurement
ETSI EN 300386 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters
(ERM); Telecommunication network equipment; Electro
Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) requirements
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EMC Standard Description
ETSI EN 201468 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Additional Electro Magnetic Compatibility (EMC)
telecommunications equipment for enhanced availability of
service in specific applications
ETSI EN 300132-2 Power supply interface at the input to telecommunications
equipment; Part 2: Operated by direct current (dc)
6.7 Safety Certification
The OptiX OSN 550 has passed many safety certifications.
Table 6-13 lists the safety certifications that the OptiX OSN 550 has passed.
Table 6-13 Safety certifications for the OptiX OSN 550
Item Standard
Electromagnetic
compatibility (EMC)
CISPR22 Class A
CISPR24
EN55022 Class A
EN50024
ETSI EN 300 386 Class A
GB9254 Class A
Safety IEC 60950-1
EN 60950-1
GB4943
Laser safety IEC60825-1
IEC60825-2
Health ICNIRP Guideline
1999-519-EC
EN 50385
OET Bulletin 65
IEEE Std C95.1
Environment protection RoHS
6.8 Environmental Requirement
The OptiX OSN 550 requires proper environment for storage, transportation and operation.
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6.8.1 Storage Environment
The OptiX OSN 550 requires proper environment for storage.
6.8.2 Transportation Environment
The OptiX OSN 550 requires proper environment for transportation.
6.8.3 Operation Environment
The OptiX OSN 550 requires proper environment for operation.
6.8.1 Storage Environment
The OptiX OSN 550 requires proper environment for storage.
Climate
Table 6-14 lists the climate requirements for the storage environment.
Table 6-14 Climate requirements for the storage environment
Item Range
Altitude ≤ 4000 m
Atmospheric pressure 70-106 kPa
Temperature -40°C to +70°C
Temperature change rate ≤ 1°C/min
Relative humidity 5% to 100%
Solar radiation ≤ 1120 W/s2
Heat radiation ≤ 600 W/s2
Wind speed ≤ 30 m/s
Waterproofing Requirement
Requirements for storing equipment on site: Generally, the equipment must be stored indoors.
No water should remain on the floor or leak into the equipment crate. The equipment should
be placed away from areas where water leakage is possible (for example, do not place near
automatic fire-fighting extinguishing and heating systems.
Ensure all the following four conditions if the equipment is stored outdoors:
The crate is intact.
Proper rain-proofing measures are taken to prevent water from entering the crate.
No water is on the ground where the crate is placed and water is not seeped into the
crate.
The carton is not exposed to direct sunlight.
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Biological Environment Avoid multiplication of microbes (such as eumycete and mycete).
Keep rodents such as mice away.
Air Cleanliness The air must be free from explosive, electric-conductive, magnetic-conductive or
corrosive dust.
Table 6-15 lists the density requirements for mechanically active substances during
storage.
Table 6-15 Density requirements for mechanically active substances during storage
Mechanically Active Substance Content
Suspended dust ≤ 5.00 mg/m3
Perceptible dust ≤ 20.0 mg/m2
Sand particles ≤ 300 mg/m3
Table 6-16 lists the density requirements for chemically active substances.
Table 6-16 Density requirements for chemically active substances during storage
Chemically Active Substance Content
SO2 ≤ 0.30 mg/m3
H2S ≤ 0.10 mg/m3
NO2 ≤ 0.50 mg/m3
NH3 ≤ 1.00 mg/m3
CL2 ≤ 0.10 mg/m3
HCL ≤ 0.10 mg/m3
HF ≤ 0.01 mg/m3
O3 ≤ 0.05 mg/m3
Mechanical Stress
Table 6-17 lists the limitations for mechanical stress during storage.
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Table 6-17 Limitations for mechanical stress during storage
Item Sub-Item Range
Sinusoidal vibration Displacement 1.5mm
Acceleration 5 m/s2
Frequency range 2 minutes to 12
minutes
9 minutes to 12
minutes
Static load Static pressure Static pressure = Product weight x
(Maximum number of stacked layers that is
specified on the product package - 1) x 5 x
9.8 (N)
NOTE
Static load is the pressure from the upside that the packaged equipment can tolerate when equipment is
stacked in the specified manner.
6.8.2 Transportation Environment
The OptiX OSN 550 requires proper environment for transportation.
Climate
Table 6-18 lists the climate requirements for the transportation environment.
Table 6-18 Climate requirements for the transportation environment
Item Range
Altitude ≤ 4000 m
Atmospheric pressure 70-106 kPa
Temperature -40°C to +70°C
Temperature change rate ≤ 1°C/min
Relative Humidity 5% to 100%
Solar radiation ≤ 1120 W/s2
Heat radiation ≤ 600 W/s2
Wind speed ≤ 30 m/s
Waterproofing Requirement
Ensure the following conditions are met when transporting the equipment:
The crate is intact.
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Proper rain-proofing measures are taken on the vehicle to prevent water from entering
the crate.
No water is present in the vehicle.
Biological Environment Avoid multiplication of microbes (such as eumycete and mycete).
Keep rodents such as mice away.
Air Cleanliness The air must be free from explosive, electric-conductive, magnetic-conductive or
corrosive dust.
Table 6-19 lists the density requirements for mechanically active substances during
storage.
Table 6-19 Density limitations for mechanically active substances during transportation
Mechanically Active Substance Content
Suspended dust No requirement
Perceptible dust ≤ 3.0 mg/m2
Sand particles ≤ 100 mg/m3
Table 6-20 lists the density requirements for chemically active substances.
Table 6-20 Density limitations for chemically active substances
Chemically Active Substance Content
SO2 ≤ 1.00 mg/m3
H2S ≤ 0.50 mg/m3
NOx ≤ 1.00 mg/m3
NH3 ≤ 3.00 mg/m3
CL2 -
HCL ≤ 0.50 mg/m3
HF ≤ 0.03 mg/m3
O3 ≤ 0.10 mg/m3
Mechanical Stress
Table 6-21 lists the mechanical stress requirements for transportation environment.
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Table 6-21 Mechanical stress requirements for the transportation environment
Item Sub-Item Range
Random vibration Acceleration
spectral density
1 m2/s
3 -3 dBA
Frequency range 5-20 Hz 20-200 Hz
Impact Response spectrum I
(weight of sample >
50 kg)
100 m/s2, 11 ms, 100 times for each panel
Response spectrum
II (weight of sample
≤ 50 kg)
180 m/s2, 6 ms, 100 times for each panel
Drop Weight (kg) Height (m)
< 10 1.0
< 15 1.0
< 20 0.8
< 30 0.6
< 40 0.5
< 50 0.4
< 100 0.3
> 100 0.1
Static load Static pressure Static pressure = Product weight x
(Maximum number of stacked layers that is
specified on the product package - 1) x 5 x
9.8 (N)
NOTE
Impact response spectrum: maximum acceleration response curve that the equipment generates when
struck with the stipulated impact.
Static load is the pressure from the upside that the packaged equipment can tolerate when equipment is
stacked in the specified manner.
6.8.3 Operation Environment
The OptiX OSN 550 requires proper environment for operation.
Climate
Table 6-22 and Table 6-23 list the climate requirements for operation of the OptiX OSN 550.
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Table 6-22 Requirements for temperature and humidity
Working Temperature Relative Humidity
-5°C to 55°C 5% to 95%
NOTE
The temperature and humidity values are tested at 1.5 m above the floor and 0.4 m in front of the
equipment.
Table 6-23 Other climate requirements
Item Range
Altitude ≤ 4000 m
Atmospheric pressure 70-106 kPa
Temperature change rate ≤30°C/h
Solar radiation ≤ 700 W/s2
Heat radiation ≤ 600 W/s2
Wind speed ≤ 5 m/s
Biological Environment Avoid multiplication of microbes (such as eumycete and mycete).
Keep rodents such as mice away.
Air Cleanliness The air must be free from explosive, electric-conductive, magnetic-conductive or
corrosive dust.
Table 6-24 lists the density requirements for mechanically active substances during
storage.
Table 6-24 Density limitations for mechanically active substances during operation
Mechanically Active Substance Content
Dust particle ≤3x105/m
3
Suspended dust ≤ 0.2 mg/m3
Perceptible dust ≤ 1.5 mg/m2h
Sand particles ≤ 20 mg/m3
Table 6-25 lists the density requirements for chemically active substances.
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Table 6-25 Density limitations for chemically active substances
Chemically Active Substance Content
SO2 ≤ 0.30 mg/m3
H2S ≤ 0.10 mg/m3
NH3 ≤ 1.00 mg/m3
CL2 ≤ 0.10 mg/m3
HCL ≤ 0.10 mg/m3
HF ≤ 0.01 mg/m3
O3 ≤ 0.05 mg/m3
NOx ≤ 0.50 mg/m3
Mechanical Stress
Table 6-26 lists the limitations for mechanical stress during operation.
Table 6-26 Limitations for mechanical stress during operation
Item Sub-Item Range
Sinusoidal vibration Velocity ≤ 5 mm/s -
Acceleration - ≤ 2 m/s2
Frequency range 5-20 Hz 20-200 Hz
Non-steady impact Impact response
spectrum
Half-sine wave, 30 m/s2, 11 ms, three times
for each panel
NOTE
Impact response spectrum: maximum acceleration response curve that the equipment generates when
struck with the stipulated impact.
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7 Energy Saving and Environmental Protection
7.1 Energy Saving
The OptiX OSN 550 supports static energy saving and dynamic energy saving.
Static Energy Saving
Regarding static energy saving, the OptiX OSN 550 takes the following measures:
Using an easy scheme for board design
Using highly efficient power modules
Replacing the linear power supplies with switching power supplies
Using the standard digital voltage.
Dynamic Energy Saving
Energy saving (power down) design for boards:
Idle buses are powered down. That is, the buses that are not configured with services and
the buses of the vacant slots are in power down state.
Idle optical ports are powered down. That is, idle optical ports of the line boards or data
boards are in power down state.
The rotating speed of fans is controlled intelligently.
7.2 Environmental Protection
The OptiX OSN 550 meets the requirements of sustainable development. All the components
and packing units are designed in compliance with the associated standards for recycling.
The OptiX OSN 550 not only provides necessary packing materials, but also guarantees
that the size of the package containing the equipment and accessories is at most three
times the size of the net equipment.
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The product is also designed for easy unpacking. For details about how to unpack the
equipment, see the associated manual. In addition, all hazardous substances contained in
packaging decompose easily.
Every plastic component that weighs over 25 g is labeled according to the standards of
ISO 11469 and ISO 1043-1 to ISO 1043-4. All components and packages of the
equipment are provided with standard labels for recycling.
Plugs and connectors are easy to find, and the associated operations can be performed by
using simple tools.
All the attached materials, such as labels, are easy to remove. Certain identification
information, such as silkscreens, is printed on the front panel or subrack.
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8 Standard Compliance
This topic describes the standards that the OptiX OSN 550 complies with.
ITU-T Recommendations
Table 8-1 ITU-T recommendations
ITU-T Recommendation
Description
G.652 Characteristics of a single-mode optical fiber cable.
G.655 Characteristics of a non-zero dispersion-shifted single-mode optical
fiber and cable.
G.661 Definition and test methods for the relevant generic parameters of
optical fiber amplifiers.
G.662 Generic characteristics of optical fiber amplifier devices and
sub-systems.
G.663 Application related aspects of optical fiber amplifier devices and
sub-systems.
G.671 Transmission characteristics of optical components and subsystems.
G.692 Optical interfaces for multichannel systems with optical amplifiers.
G.702 Digital hierarchy bit rates.
G.703 Physical/electrical characteristic of hierarchical digital interfaces.
G.704 Synchronous frame structures used at 1544, 6312, 2048, 8448 and
44736kbit/s hierarchical levels.
G.7041 Generic framing procedure (GFP).
G.7042 Link capacity adjustment scheme (LCAS).
G.707 Network node interface for the synchronous digital hierarchy
(SDH).
G.709 Interfaces for the Optical Transport Network (OTN).
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ITU-T Recommendation
Description
G.774 1-5 Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) management information
model for the network element view.
G.775 Loss of signal (LOS) and alarm indication signal (AIS) defect
detection and clearance criteria.
G.783 Characteristics of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) equipment
functional blocks.
G.784 Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) management.
G.803 Architectures of transport networks based on the Synchronous
Digital Hierarchy (SDH).
G.811 Timing characteristics of primary reference clocks.
G.812 Timing requirements of slave clocks suitable for use as node clocks
in synchronization networks.
G.813 Timing characteristics of SDH equipment slave clocks (SEC).
G.823 The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are
based on the 2048kbit/s hierarchy.
G.825 The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are
based on the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH).
G.826 Error performance parameters and objectives for international,
constant bit rate digital paths at or above the primary rate.
G.831 Management capabilities of transport networks based on the
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH).
G.841 Types and characteristics of SDH network protection architectures.
G.842 Cooperation of the SDH network protection structures.
G.957 Optical interfaces of equipments and systems relating to the
synchronous digital hierarchy.
G.958 Digital line systems based on the synchronous digital hierarchy for
use on optical fiber cables.
M.3010 Principles for a telecommunication management network.
X.86/Y.1323 Ethernet over LAPS
IEEE Standards
Table 8-2 IEEE standards
IEEE Standard Description
IEEE 802.17 Resilient packet ring access method and physical layer specifications
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IEEE Standard Description
IEEE 802.1ad Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks — Amendment 4: Provider
Bridges
IEEE 802.1ag Connectivity Fault Management
IEEE 802.1d Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges
IEEE 802.1q Virtual bridged local area networks
IEEE 802.3 Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD)
access method and physical layer specification
IEEE 802.3ad Aggregation of multiple link segments
IEEE 802.3ah Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD)
access method and physical layer specification
Amendment: media access control parameters, physical layers, and
management parameters for subscriber access networks
IEEE 802.3u Media access control (MAC) parameters, physical Layer, medium
attachment units, and repeater for 100 Mb/s operation, type
100Base-T
IEEE 802.3x Standards for local and metropolitan area networks: specification for
802.3 full duplex operation
IEEE 802.3z Media access control (MAC) parameters, physical Layer, repeater
and management parameters for 1000 Mb/s operation
IETF Standards
Table 8-3 IETF standards
IETF Standard Description
RFC 2615 (1999) PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) over SONET/SDH
RFC 1662 (1994) PPP in HDLC-like Framing
RFC 1661 (1994) The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
RFC 1990 The PPP Multilink Protocol (MP)
RFC2819 (2000) Remote Network Monitoring Management Information Base
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Environmental Standards
Table 8-4 Environmental standards
Environmental Standard
Description
IEC 60068-2 Basic Environmental Testing Procedures
IEC 60068-3-3 Environmental testing - Part 3: Background information - Subpart 3:
Guidance. Seismic test methods for equipments
IEC 60721-2-6 Environmental conditions appearing in nature - Earthquake
vibration
IEC 60721-3-1 Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3: Classification of
groups of environmental parameters and their severities - Section 1:
Storage
IEC 60721-3-3 Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3: Classification of
groups of environmental parameters and their severities - Section 3:
Stationary use at weatherprotected locations
ETS 300 019-1-1 Environmental Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and
environmental tests for telecommunications equipment
Part 1-1: Classification of environmental conditions; Storage
ETS 300 019-1-2 Environmental Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and
environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 1-2:
Classification of environmental conditions; Transportation
ETS 300 019-1-3 Environmental Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and
environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 1-3:
Classification of environmental conditions; Stationary use at
weatherprotected locations
NEBS
GR-63-CORE
Network Equipment-Building System (NEBS) Requirements:
Physical Protection
Safety Standards
Table 8-5 Safety standards
Safety Standard Description
EN 60950-1 Safety of information technology equipment
IEC 60950-1 Safety of information technology equipment
IEC 60825-1 Safety of laser equipment
IEC 60825-2 Safety of laser equipment - requirement of OFCS
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Protection Standards
Table 8-6 Protection standards
Protection Standard Description
IEC 61024-1 Protection of structures against lightning
IEC 61312-1 Protection against lightning electromagnetic impulse part I:
general principles
IEC 61000-4-5 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)- Part 4: Testing and
measurement techniques - Section 5: Surge immunity test
ITU-T K.11 Principles of protection against overvoltage and overcurrents
ITU-T K.20 Resistibility of telecommunication switching equipment to
overvoltages and overcurrents
ITU-T K.27 Bonding configurations and earthing inside a
telecommunication building
ITU-T K.41 Resistibility of internal interfaces of telecommunication
centers to surge overvoltages
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A Glossary and Acronyms
A.1 Numerics
1+1 protection An architecture that has one normal traffic signal, one working
SNC/trail, one protection SNC/trail and a permanent bridge. At the
source end, the normal traffic signal is permanently bridged to both
the working and protection SNC/trail. At the sink end, the normal
traffic signal is selected from the better of the two SNCs/trails. Due to
the permanent bridging, the 1+1 architecture does not allow an extra
unprotected traffic signal to be provided.
100BASE-T IEEE 802.3 Physical Layer specification for a 100 Mb/s CSMA/CD
local area network.
100BASE-TX IEEE 802.3 Physical Layer specification for a 100 Mb/s CSMA/CD
local area network over two pairs of Category 5 unshielded
twisted-pair (UTP) or shielded twisted-pair (STP) wire.
10BASE-T An Ethernet specification that uses the twisted pair cable with the
transmission speed as 10 Mbit/s and the transmission distance as 100
meters.
1:N protection An architecture that has N normal service signals, N working
SNCs/trails, and one protection SNC/trail. It may have one extra
service signal.
1PPS Pulse per second, which, strictly speaking, is not a time
synchronization signal. This is because 1PPS provides only the
"gauge" corresponding to the UTC second, but does not provide the
information about the day, month, or year. Therefore, 1PPS is used as
the reference for frequency synchronization. On certain occasions,
1PPS can also be used on other interfaces for high precision timing.
3R Reshaping, Retiming, Regenerating.
A.2 A
ABR Available Bit Rate
AC Alternating Current
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ACAP A channel configuration method, which uses two adjacent channels (a
horizontal polarization wave and a vertical polarization wave) to
transmit two signals.
Active/Standby
switching of
cross-connect
board
The process in which the standby cross-connect board automatically
takes the place of the active one. If there are two cross-connect boards
on the SDH equipment, which are in hot back-up relation of each
other, the operation reliability is improved. When both the
cross-connect boards are in position, the one inserted first is in the
working status. Unplug the active board, the standby one will run in
the working status automatically. When the active cross-connect
board fails in self-test, the board is pulled out, the board power supply
fails or the board hardware operation fails, the standby cross-connect
board can automatically take the place of the active one.
add/drop
multiplexer
Network elements that provide access to all or some subset of the
constituent signals contained within an STM-N signal. The
constituent signals are added to (inserted), and/or dropped from
(extracted) the STM-N signal as it passed through the ADM.
ADM See add/drop multiplexer
Administrative
Unit
The information structure which provides adaptation between the
higher order path layer and the multiplex section layer. It consists of
an information payload (the higher order VC) and a AU pointer which
indicates the offset of the payload frame start relative to the multiplex
section frame start.
Administrative
Unit Group
One or more administrative units occupying fixed, defined positions
in an STM payload. An AUG consists of AU-4s.
Administrator A user who has authority to access all the Management Domains of
the product. He or she has access to the whole network and to all the
management functionalities.
Aging time The time to live before an object becomes invalid.
AIS Alarm Indication Signal
Alarm A message reported when a fault is detected by a device or by the
network management system during the process of polling devices.
Each alarm corresponds to a recovery alarm. After a recovery alarm is
received, the status of the corresponding alarm changes to cleared.
Alarm automatic
report
A function wherein an alarm generated on the device side is
immediately and automatically reported to the NMS. After an alarm is
reported, an alarm panel prompts, and the user can view the details of
the alarm.
alarm cable The cable for generation of visual or audio alarms.
alarm filtering An alarm management method. Alarms are detected and reported to
the NMS system, and whether the alarm information is displayed and
saved is decided by the alarm filtering status. An alarm with the
filtering status set to "Filter" is not displayed and saved on the NMS,
but is monitored on the NE.
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alarm indication A function that indicates the alarm status of an NE. On the cabinet of
an NE, there are four indicators in different colors indicating the
current alarm status of the NE. When the green indicator is on, the NE
is powered on. When the red indicator is on, a critical alarm is
generated. When the orange indicator is on, a major alarm is
generated. When the yellow indicator is on, a minor alarm is
generated. The ALM alarm indicator on the front panel of a board
indicates the current status of the board.
Alarm indication
signal
A code sent downstream in a digital network as an indication that an
upstream failure has been detected and alarmed. It is associated with
multiple transport layers.
Alarm inversion For the port that has already been configured but has no service, this
function can be used to avoid generating relevant alarm information,
thus preventing alarm interference. The alarm report condition of the
NE port is related to the alarm inverse mode (not inverse, automatic
recovery and manual recovery) setting of the NE and the alarm
inversion status (Enable and Disable) setting of the port. When the
alarm inversion mode of NE is set to no inversion, alarms of the port
will be reported as usual no matter whatever the inversion status of
the port is. When the alarm inversion mode of the NE is set to
automatic recovery, and the alarm inversion state of the port is set to
Enabled, then the alarm of the port will be suppressed. The alarm
inversion status of the port will automatically recover to "not inverse"
after the alarm ends. For the port that has already been configured but
not actually loaded with services, this function can be used to avoid
generating relevant alarm information, thus preventing alarm
interference. When the alarm inverse mode of the NE is set as "not
automatic recovery", if the alarm inversion status of the port is set as
Enable, the alarm of the port will be reported.
Alarm Masking An alarm management method. Alarms that are set to be masked are
not displayed on the NMS or the NMS does not monitor unimportant
alarms.
Alarm Severity The significance of a change in system performance or events.
According to ITU-T recommendations, an alarm can have one of the
following severities: Critical, Major, Minor, Warning.
Alarm
suppression
An alarm management method. Alarms that are set to be suppressed
are not reported from NEs any more.
ALS See Automatic laser shutdown
APS See Automatic Protection Switching
asynchronous Pertaining to, being, or characteristic of something that is not
dependent on timing.
Asynchronous
Transfer Mode
A protocol for the transmission of a variety of digital signals using
uniform 53 byte cells. A transfer mode in which the information is
organized into cells; it is asynchronous in the sense that the
recurrence of cells depends on the required or instantaneous bit rate.
Statistical and deterministic values may also be used to qualify the
transfer mode.
ATM See Asynchronous Transfer Mode
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ATPC See Automatic Transmit Power Control
attenuation Reduction of signal magnitude or signal loss, usually expressed in
decibels.
AU See Administrative Unit
AUG See Administrative Unit Group
auto-negotiation An optional function of the IEEE 802.3u Fast Ethernet standard that
enables devices to automatically exchange information over a link
about speed and duplex abilities..
Automatic laser
shutdown
A technique (procedure) to automatically shutdown the output power
of laser transmitters and optical amplifiers to avoid exposure to
hazardous levels.
Automatic
Protection
Switching
Capability of a transmission system to detect a failure on a working
facility and to switch to a standby facility to recover the traffic.
Automatic
Transmit Power
Control
A method of adjusting the transmit power based on fading of the
transmit signal detected at the receiver.
A.3 B
backplane An electronic circuit board containing circuits and sockets into which
additional electronic devices on other circuit boards or cards can be
plugged.
backup A periodic operation performed on the data stored in the database for
the purposes of database recovery in case that the database is faulty.
The backup also refers to data synchronization between active and
standby boards.
bandwidth A range of transmission frequencies that a transmission line or
channel can carry in a network. In fact, it is the difference between
the highest and lowest frequencies the transmission line or channel.
The greater the bandwidth, the faster the data transfer rate.
BDI Backward Defect Indicator
BER See Bit Error Rate
BER tester Used to measure the bit error rate (BER) of signals during
transmission.
Binding strap The binding strap is 12.7 mm wide, with one hook side (made of
transparent polypropylene material) and one mat side (made of black
nylon material).
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BIP A method of error monitoring. With even parity an X-bit code is
generated by equipment at the transmit end over a specified portion of
the signal in such a manner that the first bit of the code provides even
parity over the first bit of all X-bit sequences in the covered portion of
the signal, the second bit provides even parity over the second bit of
all X-bit sequences within the specified portion, and so on. Even
parity is generated by setting the BIP-X bits so that there is an even
number of 1s in each monitored partition of the signal. A monitored
partition comprises all bits which are in the same bit position within
the X-bit sequences in the covered portion of the signal. The covered
portion includes the BIP-X.
Bit error An incompatibility between a bit in a transmitted digital signal and
the corresponding bit in the received digital signal.
Bit Error Rate Ratio of received bits that contain errors. BER is an important index
used to measure the communications quality of a network.
BITS See Building Integrated Timing Supply
bound path A parallel path with several serial paths bundled together. It improves
the data throughput capacity.
BPDU See Bridge Protocol Data Unit
BPS Board Protection Switching
bridge A device that connects two or more networks and forwards packets
among them. Bridges operate at the physical network level. Bridges
differs from repeaters because bridges store and forward complete
packets, while repeaters forward all electrical signals. Bridges differ
from routers because bridges use physical addresses, while routers
use IP addresses.
Bridge Protocol
Data Unit
The data messages that are exchanged across the switches within an
extended LAN that uses a spanning tree protocol (STP) topology.
BPDU packets contain information on ports, addresses, priorities and
costs and ensure that the data ends up where it was intended to go.
BPDU messages are exchanged across bridges to detect loops in a
network topology. The loops are then removed by shutting down
selected bridges interfaces and placing redundant switch ports in a
backup, or blocked, state.
broadcast The process of sending packets from a source to multiple destinations.
All the ports of the nodes in the network can receive packets.
Broadcast A means of delivering information to all members in a network. The
broadcast range is determined by the broadcast address.
BSC Base Station Controller
BSS Base Station Subsystem
Build-in WDM A function which integrates some simple WDM systems into products
that belong to the OSN series. That is, the OSN products can add or
drop several wavelengths directly.
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Building
Integrated
Timing Supply
In the situation of multiple synchronous nodes or communication
devices, one can use a device to set up a clock system on the hinge of
telecom network to connect the synchronous network as a whole, and
provide satisfactory synchronous base signals to the building
integrated device. This device is called BITS.
BWS Backbone WDM System
A.4 C
cabling The method by which a group of insulated conductors is mechanically
assembled or twisted together.
cable trough The trough which is used for cable routing in the cabinet.
captive nut See Floating nut
CAR See committed access rate
CAS Channel Associated Signaling
CBR See Constant Bit Rate
CBS Committed Burst Size
CCDP Co-Channel Dual Polarization
CCM Continuity Check Message
CDR Clock and Data Recovery
CDVT See Cell Delay Variation Tolerance
Cell Delay
Variation
Tolerance
This parameter measures the tolerance level a network interface has
to aggressive sending (back-to-back or very closely spaced cells) by a
connected device, and does not apply to end-systems.
Centralized
alarm system
The system that gathers all the information about alarms into a certain
terminal console.
CES See circuit emulation service
CFM Connectivity Fault Management
Chain network One type of network that all network nodes are connected one after
one to be in series.
channel A telecommunication path of a specific capacity and/or at a specific
speed between two or more locations in a network. Channels can be
established through wire, radio (microwave), fiber or a combination
of the three. The amount of information transmitted per second in a
channel is the information transmission speed, expressed in bits per
second. For example, b/s, kb/s, Mb/s, Gb/s, and Tb/s.
CIR Committed Information Rate
Circuit A combination of two transmission channels permitting transmission
in both directions between two points.
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circuit emulation
service
A function with which the E1/T1 data can be transmitted through
ATM networks. At the transmission end, the interface module packs
timeslot data into ATM cells. These ATM cells are sent to the
reception end through the ATM network. At the reception end, the
interface module re-assigns the data in these ATM cells to E1/T1
timeslots. The CES technology guarantees that the data in E1/T1
timeslots can be recovered to the original sequence at the reception
end.
CIST Common and Internal Spanning Tree
Class of Service CoS is a rule for queuing. It classifies the packets according to the
service type field or the tag in packets, and specifies different
priorities for them. All the nodes in DiffServ domain forwards the
packets according to their priorities.
client A device that sends requests, receives responses, and obtains services
from the server.
Clock
Synchronization
Also called frequency synchronization. The signal frequency traces
the reference frequency, but the start point does not need to be
consistent.
Clock tracing The method to keep the time on each node being synchronized with a
clock source in a network.
CLP Cell Loss Priority
CM See Configuration Management
committed access
rate
A traffic control method that uses a set of rate limits to be applied to a
router interface. CAR is a configurable method by which incoming
and outgoing packets can be classified into Quality of Service (QoS)
groups, and by which the input or output transmission rate can be
defined.
Concatenation A process that combines multiple virtual containers. The combined
capacities can be used a single capacity. The concatenation also keeps
the integrity of bit sequence.
Configuration
Data
A command file defining hardware configurations of an NE. With this
file, an NE can collaborate with other NEs in an entire network.
Configuration data is the key factor for normal running of an entire
network.
Configuration
Management
A network management function defined by the International
Standards Organization (ISO). It involves installing, reinitializing &
modifying hardware & software.
Configure To set the basic parameters of an operation object.
congestion An extra intra-network or inter-network traffic resulting in decreasing
network service efficiency.
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Connection point A reference point where the output of a trail termination source or a
connection is bound to the input of another connection, or where the
output of a connection is bound to the input of a trail termination sink
or another connection. The connection point is characterized by the
information which passes across it. A bidirectional connection point
is formed by the association of a contradirectional pair.
Constant Bit Rate A kind of service categories defined by the ATM forum. CBR
transfers cells based on the constant bandwidth. It is applicable to
service connections that depend on precise clocking to ensure
undistorted transmission.
Convergence A process in which multiple channels of low-rate signals are
multiplexed into one or several channels of required signals. It refers
to the speed and capability for a group of networking devices to run a
specific routing protocol. It functions to keep the network topology
consistent.
Convergence
service
A service that provides enhancements to an underlying service in
order to meet the specific requirements of users.
corrugated tube Used to protect optical fibers.
CoS See Class of Service
CPU Central Processing Unit
CRC See Cyclic Redundancy Check
current alarm An alarm not handled or not acknowledged after being handled.
Current
Performance
Data
Performance data stored currently in a register. An NE provides two
types of registers, namely, 15-minute register and 24-hour register, to
store performance parameters of a performance monitoring entity.
The two types of registers stores performance data only in the
specified monitoring period.
Cyclic
Redundancy
Check
A procedure used in checking for errors in data transmission. CRC
error checking uses a complex calculation to generate a number based
on the data transmitted. The sending device performs the calculation
before transmission and includes it in the packet that it sends to the
receiving device. The receiving device repeats the same calculation
after transmission. If both devices obtain the same result, it is
assumed that the transmission was error free. The procedure is known
as a redundancy check because each transmission includes not only
data but extra (redundant) error-checking values.
A.5 D
Data
Communication
Network
A communication network used in a TMN or between TMNs to
support the data communication function.
Digital Data
Network
A high-quality data transport tunnel that combines the digital channel
(such as fiber channel, digital microwave channel, or satellite
channel) and the cross multiplex technology.
DC Direct Current
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DCC Data Communication Channel
DCD Data Carrier Detect
DCE Data Circuit-terminal Equipment
DCN See Data Communication Network
DDF See Digital Distribution Frame
DDN See Digital Data Network
Defect A limited interruption in the ability of an item to perform a required
function.
Delay
Measurement
The time elapsed since the start of transmission of the first bit of the
frame by a source node until the reception of the last bit of the
loopbacked frame by the same source node, when the loopback is
performed at the frame's destination node.
Demultiplexing A process applied to a composite signal formed by multiplexing, for
recovering the original independent signals, or groups of these
signals.
Device set A collection of multiple managed devices. By dividing managed
devices into different device sets, users can manage the devices by
using the U2000 in an easier way. If an operation authority over one
device set is assigned to a user (user group), the authority over all the
devices in the device set is assigned to the user (user group), thus
making it unnecessary to set the operation authority over all the
devices in a device set separately. It is recommended to configure
device set by geographical region, network level, device type, or
another criterion.
Differentiated
Services Code
Point
A marker in the header of each IP packet that prompts network
routers to apply differentiated grades of service to various packet
streams. It is specified by the DiffServ policy proposed by the IETF
(Internet Engineering Task Force). This allows Internet and other
IP-based network service providers to offer different levels of service
to customers.
DiffServ A service architecture that provides the end-to-end QoS function. It
consists of a series of functional units implemented at the network
nodes, including a small group of per-hop forwarding behaviors,
packet classification functions, and traffic conditioning functions such
as metering, marking, shaping and policing.
Digital
Distribution
Frame
A type of equipment used between the transmission equipment and
the exchange with transmission rate of 2 to 155 Mbit/s to provide the
functions such as cables connection, cable patching, and test of loops
that transmitting digital signals.
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digital signal A signal in which information is represented by a limited number of
discrete states number of discrete states (for example, high and low
voltages) rather than by fluctuating levels in a continuous stream, as
in an analog signal. In the pulse code modulation (PCM) technology,
the 8 kHz sampling frequency is used and a byte contains 8 bits in
length. Therefore, a digital signal is also referred to as a byte-based
code stream. Digital signals, with simple structures and broad
bandwidth, are easy to shape or regenerate, and are not easily affected
by external interference.
Distributed Link
Aggregation
Group
A board-level port protection technology used to detect unidirectional
fiber cuts and to negotiate with the opposite end. Once a link down
failure occurs on a port or a hardware failure occurs on a board, the
services can automatically be switched to the slave board, achieving
1+1 protection for the inter-board ports.
DLAG See Distributed Link Aggregation Group
DM See Delay Measurement
DNI See Dual Node Interconnection
domain A logical subscriber group based on which the subscriber rights are
controlled.
DSCP See Differentiated Services Code Point
DSL Digital Subscriber Line
DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer
DSR Data Set Ready
DTE Data Terminal Equipments
DTR Data Terminal Ready
Dual Node
Interconnection
DNI provides an alternative physical interconnection point, between
the rings, in case of an interconnection failure scenario.
DVB-ASI Digital Video Broadcast- Asynchronous Serial Interface
DVMRP Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol
DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
A.6 E
E-AGGR See Ethernet aggregation
Ear bracket A piece of angle plate with holes in it on a rack. It is used to fix
network elements or components.
ECC See Embedded Control Channel
EFM Ethernet in the First Mile
E-LAN A type of Ethernet service that is based on a multipoint-to-multipoint
EVC (Ethernet virtual connection).
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ElectroStatic
Discharge
The sudden and momentary electric current that flows between two
objects at different electrical potentials caused by direct contact or
induced by an electrostatic field.
E-Line A type of Ethernet service that is based on a point-to-point EVC
(Ethernet virtual connection).
Embedded
Control Channel
A logical channel that uses a data communications channel (DCC) as
its physical layer, to enable transmission of operation, administration,
and maintenance (OAM) information between NEs.
EMS Element Management System
encapsulation A technology for layered protocols, in which a lower-level protocol
accepts a message from a higher-level protocol and places it in the
data portion of the lower-level frame. Protocol A's packets have
complete header information, and are carried by protocol B as data.
Packets that encapsulate protocol A have a B header, an A header,
followed by the information that protocol A is carrying. Note that A
could equal to B, as in IP inside IP.
Enterprise
System
Connection
A path protocol which connects the host with various control units in
a storage system. It is a serial bit stream transmission protocol. The
transmission rate is 200 Mbit/s.
Entity A part, device, subsystem, functional unit, equipment, or system that
can be considered individually.
EoD See Ethernet over Dual Domains
EPL See Ethernet Private Line
EPLAN See Ethernet virtual private LAN service
Equipment Serial
Number
A string of characters that identify a piece of equipment and ensures
correct allocation of a license file to the specified equipment. It is also
called "equipment fingerprint".
ESCON See Enterprise System Connection
ESD See ElectroStatic Discharge
ESD jack Electrostatic discharge jack. A hole in the cabinet or shelf, which
connect the shelf or cabinet to the insertion of ESD wrist strap.
ESN See Equipment Serial Number
Ethernet A LAN technology that uses Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision
Detection. The speed of an Ethernet interface can be 10 Mbit/s, 100
Mbit/s, 1000 Mbit/s or 10000 Mbit/s. An Ethernet network features
high reliability and is easy to maintain.
Ethernet
aggregation
A type of Ethernet service that is based on a multipoint-to-point EVC
(Ethernet virtual connection).
Ethernet Alarm
Group
The Ethernet alarm group periodically obtain the statistics value to
compare with the configured threshold. If the value exceeds the
threshold, an event is reported.
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Ethernet over
Dual Domains
A type of boards. EoD boards bridge the PSN and TDM networks,
enabling Ethernet service transmission across PSN and TDM
networks.
Ethernet Private
LAN service
A type of Ethernet service provided by SDH, PDH, ATM, or MPLS
networks. This service is carried over a dedicated bridge and
point-to-multipoint connections.
Ethernet Private
Line
A type of Ethernet service that is provided with dedicated bandwidth
and point-to-point connections on an SDH, PDH, ATM, or MPLS
server layer network.
Ethernet virtual
private LAN
service
A type of Ethernet service provided by SDH, PDH, ATM, or MPLS
networks. This service is carried over a shared bridge and
point-to-multipoint connections.
Ethernet virtual
private line
A type of Ethernet service provided by SDH, PDH, ATM, or MPLS
networks. This service is carried over a shared bridge and
point-to-point connections.
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
EVPL See Ethernet virtual private line
EVPLAN See Ethernet virtual private LAN service
Exercise
Switching
An operation to check whether the protection switching protocol
functions properly. The protection switching is not really performed.
Exerciser - Ring This command exercises ring protection switching of the requested
channel without completing the actual bridge and switch. The
command is issued and the responses are checked, but no working
traffic is affected.
Extended ID The number of the subnet that an NE belongs to, for identifying
different network segments in a WAN. The physical ID of an NE is
comprised of the NE ID and extended ID.
extra traffic The traffic that is carried over the protection channels when that
capacity is not used for the protection of working traffic. Extra traffic
is not protected.
A.7 F
Failure If the fault persists long enough to consider the ability of an item with
a required function to be terminated. The item may be considered as
having failed; a fault has now been detected.
Fairness A feature in which for any link specified in a ring network, the source
node is provided with certain bandwidth capacities if the data packets
transmitted by the source node are constrained by the fairness
algorithm.
fairness
algorithm
An algorithm designed to ensure the fair sharing of bandwidth among
stations in the case of congestion or overloading.
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fault A failure to implement the function while the specified operations are
performed. A fault does not involve the failure caused by preventive
maintenance, insufficiency of external resources or intentional
settings.
FC See Fiber Channel
FD See frequency diversity
FDDI See fiber distributed data interface
FDI Forward Defect Indicator
FE Fast Ethernet
feature code Code used to select/activate a service feature (for example,
forwarding, using two or three digit codes preceded by * or 11 or #,
and which may precede subsequent digit selection).
FEC See forwarding equivalence class
FEC See Forward Error Correction
fiber patch cord A kind of fiber used for connections between the subrack and the
ODF, and for connections between subracks or inside a subrack.
Fiber Channel A high-speed transport technology used to build storage area
networks (SANs). Fiber channel can be on the networks carrying
ATM and IP traffic. It is primarily used for transporting SCSI traffic
from servers to disk arrays. Fiber channel supports single-mode and
multi-mode fiber connections. Fiber channel signaling can run on
both twisted pair copper wires and coaxial cables. Fiber channel
provides both connection-oriented and connectionless services.
Fiber Connect A new generation connection protocol which connects the host to
various control units. It carries single byte command protocol through
the physical path of fiber channel, and provides higher rate and better
performance than ESCON.
Fiber Connector A device installed at the end of a fiber, optical source or receive unit.
It is used to couple the optical wave to the fiber when connected to
another device of the same type. A connector can either connect two
fiber ends or connect a fiber end and a optical source (or a detector).
fiber distributed
data interface
A standard developed by the American National Standards Institute
(ANSI) for high-speed fiber-optic local area networks (LANs). FDDI
provides specifications for transmission rates of 100 megabits (100
million bits) per second on networks based on the token ring network.
fiber/cable General name of optical fiber and cable. It refers to the physical
entities that connect the transmission equipment, carry transmission
objects (user information and network management information) and
perform the transmission function in the transmission network. The
optical fiber transmits optical signal, while the cable transmits
electrical signal. The fiber/cable between NEs represents the optical
fiber connection or cable connection between NEs. The fiber/cable
between SDH NEs represents the connection relationship between
NEs. At this time, the fiber/cable is of optical fiber type.
FICON See Fiber Connect
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FIFO First In First Out
Floating nut Floating nuts (or as they are more correctly named, 'tee nuts') have a
range of uses but are more commonly used in the hobby for engine
fixing (securing engine mounts to the firewall), wing fixings, and
undercarriage fixing.
Flow An aggregation of packets that have the same characteristics. On the
network management system or NE software, flow is a group of
classification rules. On boards, it is a group of packets that have the
same quality of service (QoS) operation.
FLR See Frame loss ratio
Forced switch For normal traffic signals, switches normal traffic signal to the
protection section, unless an equal or higher priority switch command
is in effect or SF condition exists on the protection section, by issuing
a forced switch request for that traffic signal.
Forward Error
Correction
A bit error correction technology that adds the correction information
to the payload at the transmit end. Based on the correction
information, the bit errors generated during transmission are corrected
at the receive end.
forwarding
equivalence class
A class-based forwarding technology that classifies the packets with
the same forwarding mode. Packets with the same FEC are processed
similarly on an MPLS network. The division of FECs is flexible, and
can be a combination of the source address, destination address,
source port, destination port, protocol type, and VPN.
FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
frame A frame, starting with a header, is a string of bytes with a specified
length. Frame length is represented by the sampling circle or the total
number of bytes sampled during a circle. A header comprises one or a
number of bytes with pre-specified values. In other words, a header is
a code segment that reflects the distribution (diagram) of the elements
pre-specified by the sending and receiving parties.
Frame loss ratio A ratio, is expressed as a percentage, of the number of service frames
not delivered divided by the total number of service frames during
time interval T, where the number of service frames not delivered is
the difference between the number of service frames arriving at the
ingress ETH flow point and the number of service frames delivered at
the egress ETH flow point in a point-to-point ETH connection.
Free-run mode An operating condition of a clock, the output signal of which is
strongly influenced by the oscillating element and not controlled by
servo phase-locking techniques. In this mode the clock has never had
a network reference input, or the clock has lost external reference and
has no access to stored data, that could be acquired from a previously
connected external reference. Free-run begins when the clock output
no longer reflects the influence of a connected external reference, or
transition from it. Free-run terminates when the clock output has
achieved lock to an external reference.
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frequency
diversity
A diversity scheme in which two or more microwave frequencies
with a certain frequency interval are used to transmit/receive the same
signal and selection is then performed between the two signals to ease
the impact of fading.
FTP File Transfer Protocol
full-duplex A full-duplex, or sometimes double-duplex system, allows
communication in both directions, and, unlike half-duplex, allows this
to happen simultaneously. Land-line telephone networks are
full-duplex, since they allow both callers to speak and be heard at the
same time. A good analogy for a full-duplex system would be a
two-lane road with one lane for each direction.
A.8 G
Gain The difference between the optical power from the input optical
interface of the optical amplifier and the optical power from the
output optical interface of the jumper fiber, which expressed in dB.
Gateway IP When an NE accesses a remote network management system or NE, a
router can be used to enable the TCP/IP communication. In this case,
the IP address of the router is the gateway IP. Only the gateway NE
requires the IP address. The IP address itself cannot identify the
uniqueness of an NE. The same IP addresses may exist in different
TCP/IP networks. An NE may have multiple IP addresses, for
example, one IP address of the network and one IP address of the
Ethernet port.
Gateway
Network Element
A network element that is used for communication between the NE
application layer and the NM application layer.
GE Gigabit Ethernet
Generic Framing
Procedure
A framing and encapsulation method which can be applied to any
data type. It has been standardized by ITU-T SG15.
GFP See Generic Framing Procedure
GNE See Gateway Network Element
GPS Global Positioning System
GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
GTS Generic Traffic Shaping
GUI Graphic User Interface
A.9 H
half-duplex A transmitting mode in which a half-duplex system provides for
communication in both directions, but only one direction at a time
(not simultaneously). Typically, once a party begins receiving a
signal, it must wait for the transmitter to stop transmitting, before
replying.
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Hardware
loopback
A connection mode in which a fiber jumper is used to connect the
input optical interface to the output optical interface of a board to
achieve signal loopback.
HDLC High level Data Link Control
HD-SDI See High Definition-Serial Digital Interface signal
HEC Header Error Control
Hierarchical
Quality of Service
A type of QoS that controls the traffic of users and performs the
scheduling according to the priority of user services. HQoS has an
advanced traffic statistics function, and the administrator can monitor
the usage of bandwidth of each service. Hence, the bandwidth can be
allocated reasonably through traffic analysis.
High
Definition-Serial
Digital Interface
signal
High definition video signal transported by serial digital interface.
History alarm The confirmed alarm that has been saved in the memory and other
external memories.
Historical
performance data
The performance data that is stored in the history register or that is
automatically reported and stored on the NMS.
HP Higher Order Path
HPT Higher Order Path Termination
HQoS See Hierarchical Quality of Service
A.10 I
IC Integrated Circuit
IDU Indoor Unit
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
IF Intermediate Frequency
IGMP See Internet Group Management Protocol
IGMP Snooping A multicast constraint mechanism running on a layer 2 device. This
protocol manages and controls the multicast group by listening to and
analyzing Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) packets
between hosts and Layer 3 devices. In this manner, the spread of the
multicast data on layer 2 network can be prevented efficiently.
IMA See Inverse Multiplexing over ATM
IMA frame A control unit in the IMA protocol. It is a logical frame defined as M
consecutive cells, numbered 0 to M-l, transmitted on each of the N
links in an IMA group.
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Input jitter
tolerance
The maximum amplitude of sinusoidal jitter at a given jitter
frequency, which, when modulating the signal at an equipment input
port, results in no more than two errored seconds cumulative, where
these errored seconds are integrated over successive 30-second
measurement intervals.
Intelligent power
adjusting
A mechanism used to reduce the optical power of all the amplifiers in
an adjacent regeneration section in the upstream to a safety level if
the system detects the loss of optical signals on the link. If the fiber is
broken, the device performance degrades, or the connector is not
plugged well, the loss of optical signals may occur. With IPA,
maintenance engineers will not be hurt by the laser sent out from the
slice of broken fiber.
Interface board
area
The area for the interface boards on the subrack.
Internal cable The cables and optical fibers which are used for interconnecting
electrical interfaces and optical interfaces within the cabinet.
Internet Group
Management
Protocol
One of the TCP/IP protocols for managing the membership of
Internet Protocol multicast groups. It is used by IP hosts and adjacent
multicast routers to establish and maintain multicast group
memberships.
Inverse
Multiplexing over
ATM
A technique that involves inverse multiplexing and de-multiplexing
of ATM cells in a cyclical fashion among links grouped to form a
higher bandwidth logical link whose rate is approximately the sum of
the link rates.
IP Internet Protocol
IP address A 32-bit (4-byte) binary digit that uniquely identifies a host
(computer) connected to the Internet for communication with other
hosts in the Internet by transferring packets. An IP address is
expressed in dotted decimal notation, consisting of decimal values of
its 4 bytes, separated by periods (,), for example, 127.0.0.1. The first
three bytes of an IP address identify the network to which the host is
connected, and the last byte identifies the host itself.
IP over DCC A technology that enables a DCC channel to carry TCP/IP protocol
packets. The IP over DCC technology provides the TCP/IP protocol
without using any extra overheads or service resources to ensure
interconnection of management channels.
IPA See Intelligent power adjusting
IS-IS Intermedia System-Intermedia System
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
ISO International Standard Organization
ISP Internet Service Provider
IST Internal Spanning Tree
ITU-T International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication
Standardization
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A.11 J
Jitter Short waveform variations caused by vibration, voltage fluctuations,
and control system instability.
jitter tolerance Jitter tolerance is defined as the peak-to-peak amplitude of sinusoidal
jitter applied on the input ATM-PON signal that causes a 1 dB optical
power penalty at the optical equipment.
A.12 L
Label A short identifier that is of fixed length and local significance. It is
used to uniquely identify the FEC to which a packet belongs. It does
not contain topology information. It is carried in the header of a
packet and does not contain topology information.
LACP See Link Aggregation Control Protocol
LAG See link aggregation group
LAN Local Area Network
LAPS Link Access Procedure-SDH
Laser A component that generates directional optical waves of narrow
wavelengths. The laser light has better coherence than ordinary light.
The fiber system takes the semi-conductor laser as the light source.
Layer A concept used to allow the transport network functionality to be
described hierarchically as successive levels; each layer being solely
concerned with the generation and transfer of its characteristic
information.
layer 2 switch A data forwarding method. In a LAN, a network bridge or 802.3
Ethernet switch transmits and distributes packet data based on the
MAC address. Since the MAC address is at the second layer of the
OSI model, this data forwarding method is called Layer 2 switch.
LB See Loopback
LBM Loopback Message
LBR Loopback Reply
LC Lucent Connector
LCAS See Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LCT Local Craft Terminal
License A permission that the vendor provides for the user with a specific
function, capacity, and duration of a product. A license can be a file
or a serial number. Usually the license consists of encrypted codes.
The operation authority granted varies with the level of the license.
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Link In the topology view, a link is used to identify the physical or logical
connection between two topological nodes. A link is used to connect
signaling points (SPs) and signaling transfer points (STPs) and
transmit signaling messages.
Link Aggregation
Control Protocol
A method of bundling a group of physical interfaces together as a
logical interface to increase bandwidth and reliability. For related
protocols and standards, refer to IEEE 802.3ad.
link aggregation
group
An aggregation that allows one or more links to be aggregated
together to form a link aggregation group so that a MAC client can
treat the link aggregation group as if it were a single link.
Link Capacity
Adjustment
Scheme
LCAS in the virtual concatenation source and sink adaptation
functions provides a control mechanism to hitless increase or decrease
the capacity of a link to meet the bandwidth needs of the application.
It also provides a means of removing member links that have
experienced failure. The LCAS assumes that in cases of capacity
initiation, increases or decreases, the construction or destruction of
the end-to-end path is the responsibility of the network and element
management systems.
LLC Logical Link Control
LM See Loss Measurement
Locked switching When the switching condition is satisfied, this function disables the
service from being switched from the working channel to the
protection channel. When the service has been switched, the function
enables the service to be restored from the protection channel to the
working channel.
LOF Loss of Frame
LOM Loss of Multiframe
Loopback A troubleshooting technique that returns a transmitted signal to its
source so that the signal or message can be analyzed for errors. The
loopback can be a inloop or outloop.
LOS Loss of Signal
Loss
Measurement
Loss measurement, a method used to collect counter values applicable
for ingress and egress service frames where the counters maintain a
count of transmitted and received data frames between a pair of
MEPs.
Lower Threshold A lower performance limit which when exceeded by a performance
event counter will trigger a threshold-crossing event.
LP Lower Order Path
LPT Link State Pass Through
LSP Label Switched Path
LSR Label Switching Router
LT Link Trace
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A.13 M
MA See Maintenance Association
MAC Medium Access Control
Maintenance
Association
TThat portion of a Service Instance, preferably all of it or as much as
possible, the connectivity of which is maintained by CFM. It is also a
full mesh of Maintenance Entities.
Maintenance
Domain
The network or the part of the network for which connectivity is
managed by connectivity fault management (CFM). The devices in a
maintenance domain are managed by a single Internet service
provider (ISP).
MAN See Metropolitan Area Network
Manual switch Switches normal traffic signal to the protection section, unless a
failure condition exists on other sections (including the protection
section) or an equal or higher priority switch command is in effect, by
issuing a manual switch request for that normal traffic signal.
Mapping A procedure by which tributaries are adapted into virtual containers at
the boundary of an SDH network.
Marking-off
template
A quadrate cardboard with four holes. It is used to mark the positions
of the installation holes for the cabinet.
MBS Maximum Burst Size
MCF Message Communication Function
MCR Minimum Cell Rate
MD See Maintenance Domain
Mean launched
power
The average power of a pseudo-random data sequence coupled into
the fiber by the transmitter.
MEP Maintenance End Point
Metropolitan
Area Network
A network that interconnects users with computer resources in a
geographic area or region larger than that covered by even a large
LAN but smaller than the area covered by an WAN. The term is
applied to the interconnection of networks in a city into a single larger
network (which may then also offer efficient connection to a wide
area network). It is also used to mean the interconnection of several
local area networks by bridging them with backbone lines. The latter
usage is also sometimes referred to as a campus network.
MIB Management Information Base
MIP Maintenance Intermediate Point
MODEM MOdulator-DEModulator
MP Maintenance Point
MPID Maintenance Point Identification
MPLS See Multiprotocol Label Switching
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MS Multiplex Section
MSA Multiplex Section Adaptation
MSOH See Multiplex Section Overhead
MSP See Multiplex Section Protection
MST Multiplex Section Termination
MSTI Multiple Spanning Tree Instance
MSTP See Multi-service transmission platform
MSTP See Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol
MTIE Maximum Time Interval Error
MTU Maximum Transmission Unit
Multiprotocol
Label Switching
A technology that uses short tags of fixed length to encapsulate
packets in different link layers, and provides connection-oriented
switching for the network layer on the basis of IP routing and control
protocols. It improves the cost performance and expandability of
networks, and is beneficial to routing.
Multi-service
transmission
platform
A platform based on the SDH platform, capable of accessing,
processing and transmitting TDM services, ATM services, and
Ethernet services, and providing unified management of these
services.
Multicast A process of transmitting data packets from one source to many
destinations. The destination address of the multicast packet uses
Class D address, that is, the IP address ranges from 224.0.0.0 to
239.255.255.255. Each multicast address represents a multicast group
rather than a host.
Multiple
Spanning Tree
Protocol
A protocol that can be used in a loop network. Using an algorithm,
the MSTP blocks redundant paths so that the loop network can be
trimmed as a tree network. In this case, the proliferation and endless
cycling of packets is avoided in the loop network. The protocol that
introduces the mapping between VLANs and multiple spanning trees.
This solves the problem that data cannot be normally forwarded in a
VLAN because in STP/RSTP, only one spanning tree corresponds to
all the VLANs.
Multiplex Section
Overhead
The overhead that comprises rows 5 to 9 of the SOH of the STM-N
signal. See SOH definition.
Multiplex Section
Protection
A function, which is performed to provide capability for switching a
signal between and including two multiplex section termination
(MST) functions, from a "working" to a "protection" channel.
Multiplexing A procedure by which multiple lower order path layer signals are
adapted into a higher order path or the multiple higher order path
layer signals are adapted into a multiplex section.
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A.14 N
NE See network element
NE Explorer The main operation interface, of the network management system,
which is used to manage the telecommunication equipment. In the NE
Explorer, the user can query, manage and maintain the NE, boards,
and ports on a per-NE basis.
network element An NE contains both the hardware and the software running on it.
One NE is at least equipped with one system control and
communication(SCC) board which manages and monitors the entire
network element. The NE software runs on the SCC board.
network node
interface
The interface at a network node which is used to interconnect with
another network node.
network segment A part of an Ethernet or other network, on which all message traffic is
common to all nodes, that is, it is broadcast from one node on the
segment and received by all others.
NLP Normal Link Pulse
NMS Network Management System
NNI See network node interface
NPC Network Parameter Control
nrt-VBR Non Real-Time Variable Bit Rate
NRZ Non Return to Zero code
NSAP Network Service Access Point
NTP Network Time Protocol
A.15 O
OA See Optical Amplifier
OADM See Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer
OAM Operations, Administration and Maintenance
OAM
auto-discovery
In the case of OAM auto-discovery, two interconnected ports, enabled
with the Ethernet in the First Mile OAM (EFM OAM) function,
negotiate to determine whether the mutual EFM OAM configuration
match with each other by sending and responding to the OAM
protocol data unit (OAMPDU). If the mutual EFM OAM
configuration match, the two ports enter the EFM OAM handshake
phase. In the handshake phase, the two ports regularly send the
OAMPDU to maintain the neighborhood relation.
OCP See Optical Channel Protection
ODF See Optical Distribution Frame
ODU Outdoor Unit
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OFS Out-of-frame Second
OHA Overhead Access Function
OLT Optical Line Terminal
Online Help The capability of many programs and operating systems to display
advice or instructions for using their features when so requested by
the user.
ONU Optical Network Unit
OOF Out of Frame
Optical
Add/Drop
Multiplexer
A device that can be used to add the optical signals of various
wavelengths to one channel and drop the optical signals of various
wavelengths from one channel.
Optical Amplifier Devices or subsystems in which optical signals can be amplified by
means of the stimulated emission taking place in a suitable active
medium.
Optical
attenuator
A passive device that increases the attenuation in a fiber link. It is
used to ensure that the optical power of the signals received at the
receive end is not extremely high. It is available in two types: fixed
attenuator and variable attenuator.
Optical Channel
Protection
In an optical transmission link that contains multiple wavelengths,
when a certain wavelength goes faulty, the services at the wavelength
can be protected if the optical channel protection is configured.
Optical
Connector
A component normally attached to an optical cable or a piece of
apparatus to provide frequent optical interconnection/disconnection of
optical fibers or cables.
Optical
Distribution
Frame
A frame which is used to transfer and spool fibers.
Optical Interface A component that connects several transmit or receive units.
Optical Time
Domain
Reflectometer
A device that sends a very short pulse of light down a fiber optic
communication system and measures the time history of the pulse
reflection to measure the fiber length, the light loss and locate the
fiber fault.
orderwire A channel that provides voice communication between operation
engineers or maintenance engineers of different stations.
OSI Open Systems Interconnection
OSN Optical Switch Node
OSPF Open Shortest Path First
OTDR See Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
OTU See Optical transponder unit
Optical
transponder unit
A device or subsystem that converts the accessed client signals into
the G.694.1/G.694.2-compliant WDM wavelength.
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Output optical
power
The ranger of optical energy level of output signals.
Overhead Extra bits in a digital stream used to carry information besides traffic
signals. Orderwire, for example, would be considered overhead
information.
A.16 P
Paired slots Two slots of which the overheads can be passed through by using the
bus on the backplane.
pass-through The action of transmitting the same information that is being received
for any given direction of transmission.
Path A performance resource object defined in the network management
system. The left end of a path is a device node whose port needs to be
specified and the right end of a path is a certain IP address which can
be configured by the user. By defining a path in the network
management system, a user can test the performance of a network
path between a device port and an IP address. The tested performance
may be the path delay, packet loss ratio or other aspects.
PBS Peak Burst Size
PC Personal Computer
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
PCR Peak Cell Rate
PDH See Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
PDU See Power distribution unit
PE See provider edge
Performance
register
The memory space for performance event counts, including 15-min
current performance register, 24-hour current performance register,
15-min historical performance register, 24-hour historical
performance register, UAT register and CSES register. The object of
performance event monitoring is the board functional module, so
every board functional module has a performance register. A
performance register is used to count the performance events taking
place within a period of operation time, so as to evaluate the quality
of operation from the angle of statistics.
performance
threshold
A limit for generating an alarm for a selected entity. When the
measurement result reaches or exceeds the preset alarm threshold, the
performance management system generates a performance alarm.
Permanent
Virtual
Connection
A connection between two ATM end hosts. The connection consists
of PVPs between the ATM end hosts and their respective switches,
and SVPs between the switches.
PGND Protection Ground
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PGND cable A cable which connects the equipment and the protection grounding
bar. Usually, one half of the cable is yellow, whereas the other half is
green.
PIM-SM Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode
PIR Peak Information Rate
plesiochronous Qualifying two time-varying phenomena, time-scales, or signals in
which corresponding significant instants occur at the same rate, any
variations in rate being constrained within specified limits. Note:
Corresponding significant instants are separated by time intervals
having durations which may vary without limit.
Plesiochronous
Digital Hierarchy
A multiplexing scheme of bit stuffing and byte interleaving. It
multiplexes the minimum rate 64 kit/s into the 2 Mbit/s, 34 Mbit/s,
140 Mbit/s, and 565 Mbit/s rates.
PLL Phase-Locked Loop
Pointer An indicator whose value defines the frame offset of a virtual
container with respect to the frame reference of the transport entity on
which this pointer is supported.
POS Packet Over SDH
Power box A direct current power distribution box at the upper part of a cabinet,
which supplies power for the subracks in the cabinet.
Power
distribution unit
A unit that performs AC or DC power distribution.
PPP Point-to-Point Protocol
PRBS See Pseudo Random Binary Sequence
PRC Primary Reference Clock
Primitive In the hierarchy of signaling system No.7, when the upper layer
applies for services from the lower layer or the lower layer transmits
services to the upper layer, the data is exchanged between the user
and the service provider. The data transmitted between adjacent
layers is called primitive.
Private Line A line, such as a subscriber cable and trunk cable, which are leased by
the telecommunication carrier and are used to meet the special user
requirements.
Protection path A specific path that is part of a protection group and is labeled
protection.
Protection service A specific service that is part of a protection group and is labeled
protection.
Protection subnet In the NMS, the protection subnet becomes a concept of network
level other than multiplex section rings or path protection rings. The
protection sub-network involves NEs and fiber cable connections.
Protection View The user interface, of the NMS, which is used to manage protection in
the network.
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provider edge A device that is located in the backbone network of the MPLS VPN
structure. A PE is responsible for managing VPN users, establishing
LSPs between PEs, and exchanging routing information between sites
of the same VPN. A PE performs the mapping and forwarding of
packets between the private network and the public channel. A PE
can be a UPE, an SPE, or an NPE.
PS Packet Switched
PSD Power Spectral Density
Pseudo Random
Binary Sequence
A sequence that is random in a sense that the value of an element is
independent of the values of any of the other elements, similar to real
random sequences.
Pseudo Wire An emulated connection between two PEs for transmitting frames.
The PW is established and maintained by PEs through signaling
protocols. The status information of a PW is maintained by the two
end PEs of a PW.
Pseudo Sire
Emulation
edge-to-edge
An end-to-end Layer 2 transmission technology. It emulates the
essential attributes of a telecommunication service such as ATM, FR
or Ethernet in a packet switched network (PSN). PWE3 also emulates
the essential attributes of low speed time division multiplexing
(TDM) circuit and SONET/SDH. The simulation approximates to the
real situation.
PVC See Permanent Virtual Connection
PW See Pseudo Wire
PWE3 See Pseudo Sire Emulation edge-to-edge
A.17 Q
QinQ A layer 2 tunnel protocol based on IEEE 802.1Q encapsulation. It add
a public VLAN tag to a frame with a private VLAN tag to allow the
frame with double VLAN tags to be transmitted over the service
provider’s backbone network based on the public VLAN tag. This
provides a layer 2 VPN tunnel for customers and enables transparent
transmission of packets over private VLANs.
QoS See Quality of Service
Quality of Service A commonly-used performance indicator of a telecommunication
system or channel. Depending on the specific system and service, it
may relate to jitter, delay, packet loss ratio, bit error ratio, and
signal-to-noise ratio. It functions to measure the quality of the
transmission system and the effectiveness of the services, as well as
the capability of a service provider to meet the demands of users.
A.18 R
Rapid Spanning
Tree Protocol
An evolution of the Spanning Tree Protocol, providing for faster
spanning tree convergence after a topology change. The RSTP
protocol is backward compatible with the STP protocol.
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RDI Remote Defect Indication
Receiver
Sensitivity
The minimum acceptable value of average received power at point R
to achieve a 1 x 10-12
BER (The FEC is open).
Reference clock A kind of stable and high-precision autonous clock providing
frequencies for other clocks for reference.
REG A piece of equipment or device that regenerates electrical signals.
Regeneration The process of receiving and reconstructing a digital signal so that the
amplitudes, waveforms and timing of its signal elements are
constrained within specified limits.
Regenerator
section overhead
The regenerator section overhead comprises rows 1 to 3 of the SOH
of the STM-N signal.
Remote optical
pumping
amplifier
A remote optical amplifier subsystem designed for applications where
power supply and monitoring systems are unavailable. The ROPA
subsystem is a power compensation solution to the ultra-long distance
long hop (LHP) transmission.
Resilient Packet
Ring
A network topology being developed as a new standard for fiber optic
rings.
RF Radio Frequency
RFA Request For Announcement
RFI Request for Information
ring network A type of network topology in which each node connects to exactly
two other nodes, forming a circular pathway for signals.
RNC Radio Network Controller
ROPA See Remote optical pumping amplifier
route The path that network traffic takes from its source to its destination.
In a TCP/IP network, each IP packet is routed independently. Routes
can change dynamically.
router A device on the network layer that selects routes in the network. The
router selects the optimal route according to the destination address of
the received packet through a network and forwards the packet to the
next router. The last router is responsible for sending the packet to the
destination host. Can be used to connect a LAN to a LAN, a WAN to
a WAN, or a LAN to the Internet.
RP Rendezvous Point
RPR See Resilient Packet Ring
RS232 A asynchronous transfer mode that does not involve hand-shaking
signal. It can communicate with RS232 and RS422 of other stations
in point-to-point mode and the transmission is transparent. Its highest
speed is 19.2kbit/s.
RS422 The specification that defines the electrical characteristics of balanced
voltage digital interface circuits. The interface can change to RS232
via the hardware jumper and others are the same as RS232.
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RSTP See Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
RTN Radio Transmission Node
RX Receiver
A.19 S
S1 byte A byte to transmit network synchronization status information. On an
SDH network, each NE traces hop by hop to the same clock reference
source through a specific clock synchronization path, realizing
synchronization on the entire network. If a clock reference source
traced by an NE is missing, this NE will trace another clock reference
source of a lower level. To implement protection switching of clocks
in the whole network, the NE must learn about clock quality
information of the clock reference source it traces. Therefore, ITU-T
defines S1 byte to transmit network synchronization status
information. It uses the lower four bits of the multiplex section
overhead S1 byte to indicate 16 types of synchronization quality
grades. Auto protection switching of clocks in a synchronous network
can be implemented using S1 byte and a proper switching protocol.
SAN Storage Area Network
SC Square Connector
SCR Sustainable Cell Rate
SD See space diversity
SD See Signal Degrade
SD See Standard definition
SDH See Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SDP Serious Disturbance Period
SD-SDI See Standard definition-Serial Digital Interface signal
SEC SDH Equipment Clock
Section The portion of a SONET transmission facility, including terminating
points, between (i) a terminal network element and a regenerator or
(ii) two regenerators. A terminating point is the point after signal
regeneration at which performance monitoring is (or may be) done.
Self-healing A function of establishing a replacement connection by network
without the network management connection function. When a
connection failure occurs, the replacement connection is found by the
network elements and rerouted depending on network resources
available at that time.
Serial port
extended ECC
The ECC channel realized by means of serial port.
server A network device that provides services to network users by
managing shared resources, often used in the context of a
client-server architecture for a LAN.
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Service
protection
A measure that ensures that the services can be received at the receive
end.
SES Severely Errored Second
SETS Synchronous Equipment Timing Source
settings Parameters of a system or operation that can be selected by the user.
SF See Signal Fail
Signal Fail A signal indicating that associated data has failed in the sense that a
near-end defect condition (non-degrade defect) is active.
SFP See Small Form-Factor Pluggable
SHDSL Single-line High speed Digital Subscriber Line
Side Mode
Suppression
Ratio
The Side Mode Suppression Ratio (SMSR) is the ratio of the largest
peak of the total source spectrum to the second largest peak.
signal cable Common signal cables cover the E1 cable, network cable, and other
non-subscriber signal cable.
Signal Degrade SD is a signal indicating the associated data has degraded in the sense
that a degraded defect (e.g., dDEG) condition is active.
Signal Fail SF is a signal indicating the associated data has failed in the sense that
a near-end defect condition (not being the degraded defect) is active.
Simple Network
Management
Protocol
A network management protocol of TCP/IP. It enables remote users
to view and modify the management information of a network
element. This protocol ensures the transmission of management
information between any two points. The polling mechanism is
adopted to provide basic function sets. According to SNMP, agents,
which can be hardware as well as software, can monitor the activities
of various devices on the network and report these activities to the
network console workstation. Control information about each device
is maintained by a management information block.
slide rail Angle-bars on which shelves and chassis may slide and be supported
within a cabinet or shelf.
Small
Form-Factor
Pluggable
A specification for a new generation of optical modular transceivers.
SMSR See Side Mode Suppression Ratio
SNC SubNetwork Connection
SNCMP See Subnetwork connection multipath protection
SNCP See SubNetwork Connection Protection
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SNCP node Set the SNC node on the protection sub-network to support
sub-network connection protection that spans protection
sub-networks. The SNCP node of the ring sub-network can support
electric circuit dually feed and selectively receive a timeslot out of the
ring, thus implementing sub-network connection protection. The
SNCP node is generally set on the node on the line board with the
path protection type of the dual fed and selectively received.
SNCTP See Subnetwork Connection Tunnel Protection
SNMP See Simple Network Management Protocol
SNR Signal Noise Ratio
space diversity A diversity scheme that enables two or more antennas separated by a
specific distance to transmit/receive the same signal and selection is
then performed between the two signals to ease the impact of fading.
Currently, only receive SD is used.
Spanning Tree
Protocol
STP is a protocol that is used in the LAN to remove the loop. STP
applies to the redundant network to block some undesirable redundant
paths through certain algorithms and prune a loop network into a
loop-free tree network.
SPI Synchronous Physical Interface
SSM See Synchronization Status Message
SSU Synchronization Supply Unit
Standard
definition
Standard definition defines a video format with the resolution below
720P.
Standard
definition-Serial
Digital Interface
signal
Standard definition video signal transported by serial digital interface.
Statistical
multiplexing
A multiplexing technique whereby information from multiple logical
channels can be transmitted across a single physical channel. It
dynamically allocates bandwidth only to active input channels, to
make better use of available bandwidth and allow more devices to be
connected than with other multiplexing techniques.
STM-4 SDH standard for transmission over optical fiber at 622.08 Mbit/s.
STP See Spanning Tree Protocol
Sub-network
number
A number used to differentiate network sections in a sub-network
conference. A sub-network ID consists of the first several digits (one
or two) of a user phone number. An order wire phone number consists
of the sub-network ID and the user number.
subnet A type of smaller networks that form a larger network according to a
rule, for example, according to different districts. This facilitates the
management of the large network.
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subnet mask The technique used by the IP protocol to determine which network
segment packets are destined for. The subnet mask is a binary pattern
that is stored in the client machine, server or router matches with the
IP address.
Subnetwork
connection
multipath
protection
The only difference is that SNCP is of 1+1 protection and SNCMP is
of N+1 protection. That is, several backup channels protect one active
channel in SNCMP.
SubNetwork
Connection
Protection
A function, which allows a working subnetwork connection to be
replaced by a protection subnetwork connection if the working
subnetwork connection fails, or if its performance falls below a
required level.
Subnetwork
Connection
Tunnel
Protection
SNCTP provides a VC-4 level channel protection. When the working
channel is faulty, the services of the entire VC-4 path can be switched
over to the protection channel.
Support A part used to support and fix a cabinet on the antistatic floor. It is
made of welded steel plates and is used to block up the cabinets to
facilitate floor layout and cabling. Before the whole set of equipment
is grounded, insulation plates must be installed under the supports,
and insulating coverings must be added to the expansion bolts to
achieve good insulation performance.
Suppression state An attribute set to determine whether an NE monitors the alarm.
Under suppression status, NE will not monitor the corresponding
alarm conditions and the alarm will not occur even when the alarm
conditions are met.
SVC Switching Virtual Connection
Switching
priority
A priority of a board that is defined for protection switching. When
several protected boards need to be switched, a switching priority
should be set for each board. If the switching priorities of the boards
are the same, services on the board that fails later cannot be switched.
Services on the board with higher priority can preempt the switching
resources of that with lower priority.
Switching
restoration time
It refers to the period of time between the start of detecting and the
moment when the line is switched back to the original status after
protection switching occurs in the MSP sub-network.
Synchronization
Status Message
A message that carries quality levels of timing signals on a
synchronous timing link. Nodes on an SDH network and a
synchronization network acquire upstream clock information through
this message. Then the nodes can perform proper operations on their
clocks, such as tracing, switching, or converting to holdoff, and
forward the synchronization information to downstream nodes.
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Synchronous
Digital Hierarchy
A transmission scheme that follows ITU-T G.707, G.708, and G.709.
It defines the transmission features of digital signals such as frame
structure, multiplexing mode, transmission rate level, and interface
code. SDH is an important part of ISDN and B-ISDN. It interleaves
the bytes of low-speed signals to multiplex the signals to high-speed
counterparts, and the line coding of scrambling is used only for
signals. SDH is suitable for the fiber communication system with high
speed and a large capacity since it uses synchronous multiplexing and
flexible mapping structure.
Synchronous
source
A clock providing timing services to connected network elements.
This would include clocks conforming to Recommendations G.811,
G.812 and G.813.
A.20 T
Tandem
Connection
Monitor
In the SDH transport hierarchy, the TCM is located between the
AU/TU management layer and HP/LP layer. It uses the N1/N2 byte
of POH overhead to monitor the quality of the transport channels on a
transmission section (TCM section).
TCM See Tandem Connection Monitor
TCP/IP See Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TDM Time Division Multiplexing
TIM Trace Identifier Mismatch
Timeslot Continuously repeating interval of time or a time period in which two
devices are able to interconnect.
Time
Synchronization
Also called the moment synchronization, time synchronization means
that the synchronization of the absolute time, which requires that the
starting time of the signals keeps consistent with the UTC time.
TM Terminal Multiplexer
TMN Telecommunications Management Network
ToS See Type of Service
TPS See Tributary Protection Switch
Trail
management
function
A network level management function of the network management
system. This function enables you to configure end-to-end services,
view graphic interface and visual routes of a trail, query detailed
information of a trail, filter, search and locate a trail quickly, manage
and maintain trails in a centralized manner, manage alarms and
performance data by trail, and print a trail report.
Transceiver A transmitter and receiver housed together in a single unit and having
some circuits in common, often for portable or mobile use.
Transmission
Control
Protocol/Internet
Protocol
Common name for the suite of protocols developed to support the
construction of worldwide internetworks.
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transparent
transmission
A process during which the signaling protocol or data is not processed
in the content but encapsulated in the format for the processing of the
next phase.
Tray A component that can be installed in the cabinet for holding chassis
or other devices.
Tributary
loopback
A fault can be located for each service path by performing loopback
to each path of the tributary board. There are three kinds of loopback
modes: no loopback, outloop, and inloop.
Tributary
Protection Switch
A function that uses a standby tributary processing board to protect N
tributary processing boards.
Tributary unit An information structure which provides adaptation between the
lower order path layer and the higher order path layer. It consists of
an information payload (the lower order VC) and a TU pointer which
indicates the offset of the payload frame start relative to the higher
order VC frame start.
Tributary Unit
Group
One or more Tributary Units, occupying fixed, defined positions in a
higher order VC-n payload is termed a Tributary Unit Group (TUG).
TUGs are defined in such a way that mixed capacity payloads made
up of different size Tributary Units can be constructed to increase
flexibility of the transport network.
TTL Time To Live
TU Tributary Unit
TUG See Tributary Unit Group
Tunnel A channel on the packet switching network that transmits service
traffic between PEs. In VPN, a tunnel is an information transmission
channel between two entities. The tunnel ensures secure and
transparent transmission of VPN information. In most cases, a tunnel
is an MPLS tunnel.
Type of Service A field in an IP packet (IP datagram) used for quality of service
(QoS). The TOS field has 8 bits in length, which is divided into five
subfields.
A.21 U
UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
UAS Unavailable Second
UBR Unspecified Bit Rate
underfloor
cabling
The cables connected cabinets and other devices are routed
underfloor.
UNI See User-to-Network Interface
Unprotected Pertaining to the transmission of the services that are not protected.
The services cannot be switched to the protection channel if the
working channel is faulty or the service is interrupted, because
protection mechanism is not configured.
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Unprotected
sub-network
A sub-network without any protection mechanism. The purpose of
such configuration is to provide the basic data of trail protection for
subsequent trail management.
Upload An operation to report some or all configuration data of an NE to the
NMS. The configuration data then covers the configuration data
stored at the NMS side.
UPM Uninterruptible Power Module
Upper threshold TThe critical value that can induce unexpected events if exceeded.
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
Upward cabling Cables or fibers connect the cabinet with other equipment from the
top of the cabinet.
User Any entity external to the network which utilizes connections through
the network for communication. A person or other entity authorized
by a subscriber to use some or all of the services subscribed to by that
subscriber.
User-to-Network
Interface
The interface between user equipment and private or public network
equipment (for example, ATM switches).
UTC Universal Time Coordinated
A.22 V
VB Virtual Bridge
VBR Variable Bit Rate
VC Virtual Concatenation
VC See Virtual Container
VCG Virtual Concatenation Group
VCI Virtual Channel Identifier
Virtual
Container
The information structure used to support path layer connections in
the SDH. It consists of information payload and path overhead (POH)
information fields organized in a block frame structure which repeats
every 125 or 500 μs.
Virtual local area
network
A logical grouping of two or more nodes which are not necessarily on
the same physical network segment but which share the same IP
network number. This is often associated with switched Ethernet.
Virtual Private
Network
A system configuration, where the subscriber is able to build a private
network via connections to different network switches that may
include private network capabilities.
VLAN See Virtual local area network
VP Virtual Path
VPI Virtual Path Identifier
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VPN See Virtual Private Network
A.23 W
Wait to Restore The number of minutes to wait before services are switched back to
the working line.
WAN Wide Area Network
Wander The long-term variations of the significant instants of a digital signal
from their ideal position in time (where long-term implies that these
variations are of frequency less than 10 Hz).
washer A washer is a thin flat ring of metal or rubber which is placed over a
bolt before the nut is screwed on.
Wavelength
Division
Multiplexing
A technology that utilizes the characteristics of broad bandwidth and
low attenuation of single mode optical fiber, uses multiple
wavelengths as carriers, and allows multiple channels to transmit
simultaneously in a single fiber.
Wavelength
protection group
Data for describing the wavelength protection structure. Its function is
similar to that of the protection subnet for SDH NEs. The wavelength
path protection can work only with the correct configuration of the
wavelength protection group.
WDM See Wavelength Division Multiplexing
WFQ Weighted Fair Queuing
Winding pipe A tool for fiber routing, which acts as the corrugated pipe.
Working path A path allocated to transport the normal traffic.
WRED Weighted Random Early Detection
WTR See Wait to Restore