Post on 01-Dec-2014
description
27 February 2010South Central Chile
Earthquake
Professor Scott AshfordOregon State University
Professor Jack MoehleUniversity of California at Berkeley
Professor Pedro ArduinoUniversity of Washington
2April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
Acknowledgments for this broad collaborative effort funded primarily by the National Science Foundation• Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI)• Jack Moehle, Team Leader
• Geo-Engineering Extreme Events Reconnaissance (GEER)• Jon Bray, Team Leader
• Broad participation from Chilean Faculty and Students• Pontifica Universidad Catolica de Chile• University de Chile
• Over 100 other volunteers from around the world
movie
2010 Chile earthquake
3:34 am local time27 February 2010
Mw 8.8
Fault rupture 100km x 500 km
Population affected > 8M*
521 confirmed deaths**
190000 homes severely damaged or destroyed
~800,000 homeless
~$30B damages
* ACHISINA**USAID, 3/25/10
Main shock and aftershocks, Mw 4+, 2/27/10 to 3/27/10(earthquake data after USGS)
Epicenter
Santiago
Concepción
Talca
Valparaíso
Talcahuano
Temuco
Los Ángeles
Constitución
Curicó
Rancagua
Viña del Mar
Chillán
foca
l dep
th, k
m
100 km
Note: The superimposed rectangle has dimensions 600 km by 200 km.
Main shock and aftershocks, Mw 4+, 2/27/10 to 3/27/10(earthquake data after USGS)
Epicenter
Santiago
Concepción
Talca
Valparaíso
Talcahuano
Temuco
Los Ángeles
Constitución
Curicó
Rancagua
Viña del Mar
Chillán
foca
l dep
th, k
m
100 km100 km
Note: The superimposed rectangle has dimensions 600 km by 200 km.
Main shock and aftershocks, Mw4+, 2/27/10 to 3/27/10
(earthquake data after USGS)
Epicenter
Santiago
Concepción
Talca
Valparaíso
Talcahuano
Temuco
Los Ángeles
Constitución
Curicó
Rancagua
Viña del Mar
Chillánfo
cal d
epth
, km
100 km
Note: The superimposed rectangle has dimensions 600 km by 200 km.
Main shock and aftershocks, Mw4+, 2/27/10 to 3/27/10
(earthquake data after USGS)
Epicenter
Santiago
Concepción
Talca
Valparaíso
Talcahuano
Temuco
Los Ángeles
Constitución
Curicó
Rancagua
Viña del Mar
Chillánfo
cal d
epth
, km
100 km100 km
Note: The superimposed rectangle has dimensions 600 km by 200 km.
Pacific Northwest
Concepcion
Talca (AP Photo)
Pelluhue (AP Photo)
Learning from Chile
Geological and Geotechnical Aspects
27 February 2010South Central Chile
EarthquakeJune 28, 2010
Typical Subduction Zone
Previous Events - Seismic Gap
1960-M9.5
1985-M8.0
Recent Seismic Events
Measured (GPS) Coseismic Horizontal Displacements
Concepcion moved ~3m towards west
Coseismic Vertical Displacements
Uplift up to ~2m was recorded in Lebu
Uplift Evidence
Uplift Evidence
Tsunami
Ground Failure Overview• Ground Failure
– Site effects & strong shaking– Liquefaction– Lateral spreading– Landslides
• Infrastructure impact:– Dams, tailings dams.– Ports & harbors– Buildings– Transportation (roads & bridges)
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SITE EFFECTSGround Failure
21
Site Effects: Vespucio Norte & Ciudad EmpresiarialSite Effects: Vespucio Norte & Ciudad Empresiarial
Gravel, Sandy Gravel, Sandy gravelgravelGravel, Sandy Gravel, Sandy gravelgravel
Silty Clay, Silty Silty Clay, Silty SandSandSilty Clay, Silty Silty Clay, Silty SandSand
CollapseCollapseNo collapseNo collapseNo collapseNo collapse
H/V peaks: 0.5-2sec (Bonnefoy et al, 2008)
Damage to 5 to 20-story buildings
QQfnofno: Silt & Clay Layers: Silt & Clay LayersQQfnofno: Silt & Clay Layers: Silt & Clay Layers
Localized Damage – Site Effects?
AAAABBBB
AAAA
BBBB
LIQUEFACTION &LATERAL SPREADING
Ground Failure
23
Lateral Spreading
Lateral spreading near river banks due to liquefaction
Gas Station - Concepción
25
LANDSLIDES & DAMS/TAILING DAMS
Ground Failure
26
Landslides
Few deep seated slides were observed
Dams
Most dams performed well
Approximate area of failure and flow direction
Tailing DamsLas Palmas tailings dam failure
Las Palmas Tailing Dam failure (cont)
Besides this case, most tailings dams performed well
PORTS & HARBORS CASE STUDIES
Impacts of Ground Failure
32
Ports & Harbors• Provide important means for importing &
exporting goods in Chile 95% of exports & 90% of imports are
conducted through ports Country has 35 operational ports (10
state owned, 25 privately owned). 2 are military ports
4 ports were inspected in the period 3/13 to 3/18 by GEER team: Valparaiso, San Antonio, Talcahuano & Coronel
Information & Assistance was provided by EERI team and local engineers.
33
34
Valparaiso: Outward quay wall movement and pavement cracks
35
San Antonio: Damaged dock
36
St Vincente Port
Fishing Wharf
Fish Packaging Facility
Petroleum Facilities
N
Talcahuano Port Area 37
38
178m24m42m N
Documented extent of lateral spread
Fishing Pier 39
N
Approx extent of lateral spread
40
Lateral Spreading Effects on Industrial FacilitiesLateral Spreading Effects on Industrial Facilities
Fish Packing Facility, San VicenteFish Packing Facility, San Vicente
N
Fish Packaging Facility
Petrobas Gas Facility
Water rise
Petrobas Gas Facility 42
Approx extent of lateral spread
Coronel: Lateral spread displacements
43
Coronel: Sinkholes (2.2m deep, 3.5m in diameter)
44
Coronel: Rotation of pile due to lateral spreading (not a raked
pile!)
45
EMBANKMENT FAILURESImpacts of Ground Failure
46
Embankment Failures along Highway 5Embankment Failures along Highway 5
Possible liquefaction of thin seams in foundation soils led to translational failures of highwayembankments
Talca
Talca
Valparaiso, UNESCO Heritage City
Talca
FestivalViña del Mar, 14 Stories
MA
SSEQ
Santiago
Santiago
Santiago
MA
SSEQ
Concepcion (AP Photo)
Collapsed building in Concepcionop
en
ing
s
solidtypical
unit
Tower underconstruction
park
ing
Plan
A BSection A
Section B
Santiago
Santiago
Airports
Hospitals and health care
US$2 billion annual sales
Approx. 1 billion liters
70% exported 80,000 full-time
workers
Chilean Wine Industry
Stainless steel tanks
Thank You
72April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
Santiago (AP PHOTO/Carlos Espinoza)
73April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
Bridge Team Members
Mark Yashinsky, Team Leader•Caltrans
Rodrigo Oviedo•Universidad Catolica de ChileScott Ashford•Oregon State UniversityLuis Fargier-Gabaldon•Universidad de los Andes, Merida.Matias Hube•Universidad Catolica de Chile
Traveled over 2000 km from Santiagoto Temuco and back over 5 days
Nazca Plate
200 mi
Valparaíso
South America Plate
Temuco
Talca
Ruta 5
Ruta 5
Santiago
shear key
Temporary shoring of the
beam
75April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
Vert
ical
axis
Rotation or
twisting of the deck
Abutment
Deck
Lateral displacement
76April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
Failed shear key
Seismic barsUndamaged shear key
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Tubul Bridge
Eight span simply supported steel girders on
pier walls. Collapsed attributed to unseating of
beams
78April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
80April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
Summary of Observations on Bridges
• Structures with less continuity generally suffered more damage
• Localized damage suggests the importance of local site effects
• Significant liquefaction and lateral spreading along coast greatly impacted mobility
• Widespread fill settlement was easily repaired, but adversely affected traffic.
81April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
Summary of other Lifeline Performance
• Electric Power• Immediate blackout to 90% of Chile’s population• Transmission capability to provide power within 24 hours• Distribution system service restored with two weeks
• Telecommunication• Both landlines and wireless service serverly affected• Most cell sites ran out of battery power within 3 hours of
quakes, eliminating communications with repair crews and hospitals
• Most services restored within seven days
• Water and Wastewater severely impacted along coast
82April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
Pelluhue (AP Photo)
83April 9, 2023Presentation title
• Maximum inundation 10m
• Maximum run-up 30m• Loss of life limited
thanks to local awareness and good signing
• Most tsunami-related deaths from tourists
Tsunami
84April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
NOAA Tsunami wave heights for Feb. 27, 2010, 8.8 EQ
85April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
NOAA Tsunami wave heights, May 22 1960, 9.5 EQ
86April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
1500 homes destroyed in Dichato from tsunami;only 17 residents killed
87April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
88April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
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90April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
Where do we fit in?The Pacific “Ring of Fire”
91April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
200 mi
Juan de Fuca Plate
Casc
ad
ia S
ub
du
cti
on
Z
on
e
OregonOregon
WashingtonWashington
CaliforniaCaliforniaGorda Plate
Pacific Plate
North America Plate
Seattle
Portland
Corvallis
Salem
Redding
Medford
Vancouver
I-5
I-5
Nazca Plate
200 mi
Valparaíso
South America Plate
Temuco
Talca
Ruta 5
Ruta 5
Santiago
92April 9, 2023Presentation title
Chile
Haiti
Finite fault models by Gavin Hayes, USGS National Earthquake Information Center
Comparison of Haitiand Chile earthquakes
• Haiti was:• Magnitude 7.0• Shallow Strike-Slip under
urban area• Vulnerable infrastructure
• Chile was:• Magnitude 8.8• Subduction Zone EQ
covering huge area• Over 500 more powerful• Last 6 times as long• Less vulnerable
infrastructure
93April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
What are the implications for Oregon?
• 2010 Chile Earthquake• Peru-Chile Subduction
Zone• Magnitude 8.8• Shaking and Tsunami• Modern Building Codes• $30B damages• About 500 dead• 7 EQ M=8.0+ in past 100
yrs• Last M=8.0 in 1995• Occur about every 15 yrs
• Future CSZ Earthquake• Cascadia Subduction Zone• Magnitude 9.0• Shaking and Tsunami• Modern Building Codes• Damages estimated at
$30B*• Estimated up to 5000 dead*• No M=7.0 is past 100 years• Last M=9.0 in 1700• Occur about every 300 yrs
*Source: DOGAMI 2010
94April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
What can you do?
Take personal responsibility• Have several days of emergency supplies• Earthquake proof your home • Have a plan
Support earthquake preparedness efforts• Participate in earthquake education • Continue to support State efforts
• DOGAMI tsunami hazard mapping to be completed by 2013• Seismic mitigation of public schools not complete until 2032• ODOT Phase I and II seismic retrofits
Support higher education• Innovative solutions through research and next-generation
engineers
95April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
THANK YOU!
For more information:
Earthquake Engineering Research Institute• www.eeri.org
Geo-Engineering Extreme Events Reconnaissance• www.geerassociation.org
Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries• www.OregonGeology.org