Transcript of Nutrient Inventory and Storage and Handling (Planner Training) John W. Worley.
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- Nutrient Inventory and Storage and Handling (Planner Training)
John W. Worley
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- Times Have Changed!
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- Or Have They? George Washingtons Compost Facility
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- u Balance Imports with Exports Goal
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- ARE INPUTS & OUTPUTS IN BALANCE? Water In 1 gal. Water Out
Farm Pond 1 gal.
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- ARE INPUTS & OUTPUTS IN BALANCE? Water In 2 gal. 1 gal.
Water Out Farm Pond
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- ARE INPUTS & OUTPUTS IN BALANCE? Water In 2 gal. 1 gal.
Water Out Farm Pond
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- ARE INPUTS & OUTPUTS IN BALANCE? Water Out Water In 2 gal.
Farm Pond 1 gal.
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- Plugging the Leaks Temporary Solution to Imbalance Water Out
Water In 2 gal. Farm Pond 1 gal. Sand Bags
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- u More closely balance feed nutrients to animal needs Nitrogen
comes from feed protein Phosphorus comes from ingredients + mineral
supplements Phytate phosphorus is unavailable to animals, but is
excreted with manure u Reduce feed wastage Pelleted Feeds Wet-Dry
feeders Properly adjust feeders u Recycle Use manure nutrients to
produce feed on the farm Strategies to Reduce Waste
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- u Feed u Animals u Commercial Fertilizer u Manure from other
farms u Legumes N, P, K Imports
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- u Animals u Animal Products (Milk) u Manure shipped off farm u
Storage Losses N, P, K Exports
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- u Slurry Systems Storage Systems u Liquid Systems
(Lagoons)
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- u Dry Systems Storage Systems
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- u Combination Systems (Solids Separators) Storage Systems
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- u Lagoons Reduce Waste Stream (Volatilize Organic Matter)
Reduce Land Application Area (Vol. Nitrogen) Reduce Odor Emissions
u Slurry Storage Maximize Nutrient Utilization Minimize Storage
Volume (minimize water added) Goals
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- u Dry Systems Make manure more transportable Reduce odors u
Solids Separators Reduce size requirements for liquid storage and
treatment Allow transport of some of waste to remote sites or off
farm Goals
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- Disadvantages u Lagoons Large Volume in storage structure
Reduces N/P ratio Sludge must be periodically removed u Slurry
Storage Requires more acres for application (based on N) Odors are
greater (if not covered)
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- Disadvantages u Dry Systems Often more manual labor required
Swine: Non-homogeneous u Solids Separators Requires more management
Requires two types of equipment Cost of construction and
operation
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- u Lagoon u Slurry Storage Earthen Basin Design
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- u Lagoon Volatilizes nitrogen Phosphorus settles in sludge
layer 90-95% of phosphorus must eventually be accounted for if P
based NMP u Slurry Storage Less nitrogen volatilized Phosphorus
must be accounted for each year u Dry Systems Can be less flexible
concerning time of application Effects on Nutrient Management
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- % of Original Nitrogen Available after Storage
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- u Description of Overall System Number and type of buildings
Flush, Pull-plug, etc For partial confinement - % Time in
confinement CNMP Should Include:
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- u Lagoon Design Information (as available) When built, Who
designed it Total Capacity (ft 3 ) Pumpable (Storage) Capacity (ft
3 ) Surface Water Diversion u Operating Information Maximum Fill
Level Pump-down level CNMP Should Include:
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- Pumpable Volume Rise Run Depth Stop-Pumping Level Max-Fill
Level Total Volume Inside Slope = Run/Rise Lagoon Design Info:
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- u For Slurry Storage Design Storage Time Capacity (# of
animals, etc.) u Capacity of Dry storage if applicable u Closure
Plan for Liquid or Slurry Storage Structures u Provision for Record
Keeping (Monthly Inspection Checklist) CNMP Should Include:
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- u Standard Book Value Estimates u Imports minus Exports u
Manure analysis and application records Estimation of Nutrients in
Manure
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- u Standard Estimates (lb / year / animal, etc) Table 1, Table 3
a,b,c Table 4 (Storage Losses), Table 5 (sludge) Estimation of
Nutrients in Manure
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- u Imports minus exports Table 2 a,b,c, Table 7 Table 4 (Storage
Losses), Table 5 (sludge) Estimation of Nutrients in Manure
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- u Manure analysis and application records Table 6 a,b
Estimation of Nutrients in Manure
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- u Software has been developed to aid in development of CNMP
including the estimation of nutrient inventories see AWARE web site
for download Summary (Nutrient Inventory)
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- u Lagoons Reduce nitrogen, organic matter, and odors if
properly managed Must be started and operated according to the
design to maintain lagoon health v Sludge must be removed
periodically v Do not empty below treatment level Summary
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- u Slurry Storage Maximizes nutrient retention More balanced
with plant needs Should be cleaned out at least annually Encourage
cover to reduce odors u Proper management including regular
inspections and record keeping are essential Summary
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- u Overall Farm Nutrient Balance Nutrients brought onto farm in
feed, fertilizer, animals, legumes Exported in animals and animal
products, manure, losses Summary
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- u 3 methods of estimating inventory Standard values
(lb/animal/day; lb/lb of animal/year; etc.) - - simple to use, but
tend to be out of date and values vary greatly by farm. Leaner
animals produce more N, less P Inputs - Outputs - - more
complicated, but more accurate if records available Nutrient
analysis and Records of Quantities Pumped - - most accurate if
adequate records are available v (Does not account for sludge
storage unless sludge is sampled or agitation is used before
sampling) Summary
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- u All methods except analysis and records must estimate storage
losses u Storage losses can vary greatly with management
differences. Generally represent the greatest difference in manure
nutrient content between farms, especially N u Your system may be
somewhere between systems described in published lists Summary
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- Questions? Resources: AWARE Web site: http://www.agp2.org/ Then
click on Animal Waste Management John W. Worley
(jworley@engr.uga.edu)