Post on 11-Apr-2017
GMM Dip 22 1
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³ççíiç ³ççíiç ³ççíiç ³ççíiç HçoçÆJçkçÀçHçoçÆJçkçÀçHçoçÆJçkçÀçHçoçÆJçkçÀç DçY³ççmç¬çÀcç ¬çÀ.22 DçY³ççmç¬çÀcç ¬çÀ.22 DçY³ççmç¬çÀcç ¬çÀ.22 DçY³ççmç¬çÀcç ¬çÀ.22
---- Dr Ajit Oak
C.P.U. - C.N.S. kçWÀêçdzç cçppççmçbmLçç
P.N.S.
Motor Dçç%ççJççnkçÀ
Sensory mçbJçíovççJççnkçÀ Motor Sensory
Dçç%ççJççnkçÀ mçbJçíovççJççnkçÀ
GMM Dip 22
HççÆjçÆIç³ç
3
Main Structures of the Nervous System cçppççmçbmLçí®çí ÒçcçáKç IçìkçÀ
1. Brain cçWoÓ
2. Spinal cord cçppççjppçÓ
3. Nerves ®çílççlçblçÓ
4. Special Sense Organs %ççvçWçÆê³çí
GMM Dip 22 4
Nervous system cçppççmçbmLçç
Central nervous system cçO³çJçlçça cçppççmçbmLçç
Peripheral Nervous system HççÆjçÆIç³ç cçppççmçbmLçç
Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain
Cerebral Cortex
Basal Ganglia
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pons Medulla Oblongata
Brain cçWoÓ Spinal Cord
GMM Dip 22 5
cçppççjppçÓ
Nervous system cçppççmçbmLçç
Central nervous system cçO³çJçlçça cçppççmçbmLçç (Síçq®skçÀ)
Peripheral Nervous system HççÆjçÆIç³ç cçppççmçbmLçç
Sensory nervous system
mçbJçíovççJççnkçÀ Motor nervous system ÒçíjCççJççnkçÀ
Somatic
FbçÆê³çí, mvçç³çÓ
Autonomic
DçvçÌçq®skçÀ (mJçç³çÊç)
Sympathetic DçvçákçbÀHççÇ
Parasympathetic
HçjçvçákçbÀHççÇ GMM Dip 22 6
•Visual System ¢äçÇ
•Auditory System SíkçÀCçí
•Gustatory System (taste) ©®ççÇ / ®çJç
•Olfactory System (smell) içbOç
•Touch mHçMç&
Sensory nervous system
mçbJçíovççJççnkçÀ
GMM Dip 22 7
Sensory nervous system
mçbJçíovççJççnkçÀ
GMM Dip 22 8
•Vestibular System (inner ear) Dççblçj kçÀCç&
•Temperature lççHçcççvç •Pressure oçyç •Pain Jçíovçç
•Proprioception (posture, movement, facial
expression) oínYççvç
Central Nervous System (C.N.S.) cçO³çJçlçça cçppççmçbmLçç Brain cçWoÓ Spinal Cord cçppççjppçÓ And 12 pairs of cranial nerves kçWÀêçdzç cçppççmçbmLçç cçWoÓ cçppççjppçÓ cçWoÓHççmçÓvç çÆvçIçCçç-³çç ®çílççlçblçÓb®³çç 12 pççí[îçç
GMM Dip 22 9
GMM Dip 22 10
Peripheral Nervous System (P.N.S.)
31 pairs of nerves from
Spinal cord
HçjçÇçÆIç³ç cçppççmçbbmLçç HççþkçÀC³ççHççmçÓvç çÆvçIçCçç-³çç ®çílççlçblçÓ®³çç 31 pççí[îçç
GMM Dip 22 11
Brain cçWoÓ Animal Brain & Neocortex
Three parts:
The hindbrain - has been inherited from the
reptiles
The limbic system - first emerged in
mammals
The forebrain - which has its full
development in human. GMM Dip 22 12
Brain cçWoÓ
Many Folds
(Increase in surface area)
Jçȳçç – Hç=ÿYççiççlç Jçç{
Enclosed in the skull
kçÀJçìçÇ – mçbj#çCç
GMM Dip 22 13
Brain cçWoÓ
Each half controls opposite side of body
Has different areas carrying out different
Functions
Two halves [çJçç / GpçJçç iççíuççOç&
GMM Dip 22 14
Brain cçWoÓ Skull kçÀJçìçÇ Meninges cççÆmlç<kçÀçJçjCçí Cerebrum cççíþç cçWoÓ Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
çÆHç³çáçÆ<çkçÀç Brain Stem, Pons, Medulla Oblongata (uçbyçcçppçç), Cerebellum (uçnçvç cçWoÓ), Spinal Cord
GMM Dip 22 15
Brain cçWoÓ
GMM Dip 22 16
Lobes çÆJçYççiç
GMM Dip 22 17
Nerve Cell (Neuron)
Highly specialized
type of cell
®çílççHçíMççÇ : çÆJçMçí<ç HçíMççÇ
More than 100 billion
Not replaced like many other cells in the body vçä Pççu³ççmç l³ççpççiççÇ oámçjçÇ HçíMççÇ lç³ççj nçílç vççnçÇ GMM Dip 22 18
<ç
100 trillion synaptic
connections in our brain
1000 to 10000 synapses
with each Neuron
Neurotransmitters
çÆJççÆMçÿ jmçç³çvçí
GMM Dip 22 19
Neuroglia
GMM Dip 22 20
•Surround neurons,
hold them in place
•Supply nutrients,O2
to neurons
•Insulate one neuron from another
•Destroy pathogens remove dead neurons.
Outer layer-Grey mater-Nerve cells-
Cortex yçç¿ç kçÀj[í DççJçjCç - ®çílççHçíMççÇ
Middle layer-white mater-
Nerves
éçílç Lçj Inner layer-
scattered grey mater-Basal ganglia
-connected with cortex,
spinal cord, cerebellum
GMM Dip 22 21
Birth up to age of 6 : Frontal lobes become
active
development of emotions, attachments,
planning, working memory and attention
YççJçvçç, Dççí{, çÆvç³ççípçvç, mcçjCçMçkçwlççÇ, uç#ç * Life experiences shape the emotional well-being in adulthood DçvçáYçJççlçÓvç YççJçvççlcçkçÀ pç[Cç-Iç[Cç
* At age 6 - 95% of its adult weight and at its
peak of energy consumption
Brain Development
GMM Dip 22 22
Brain Development
7 to 22: The prefrontal cortex (involving control
of impulses, judgment and decision-making) -
- the last to mature cçÓuç ÒçíjCççJçj çÆvç³çb$çCç, çÆvçCç&³ç#çcçlçç, mçÓ%çlçç
The peak power at around age 22 …… …..lasts for about 5 years
…..thereafter it's downhill all the way
GMM Dip 22 23
Cerebro Spinal Fluid
Brain - hollow organ! Cavities inside – Ventricles Space between Meninges & Brain cçWoÓ®³çç DççlççÇuç, cççÆmlç<kçÀçJçjCççblççÇuç HççíkçÀȳçç -filled with C.S.F. (cççÆmlç<kçÀ cçíªêJç)
Brain, Spinal cord – -covered by 3 protective sheaths
CSF circulates through two inner coverings
GMM Dip 22 24
Cerebro Spinal Fluid
Protects brain from injury and toxic substances entering in çÆJç<ççjçÇ êJ³ççbHççmçÓvç Jç oáKççHçlççRHççmçÓvç yç®ççJç Nourishes brain Hççí<çCç Removes waste matter oÓçÆ<çlç êJ³ççb®çí çÆJçmçpç&vç In the end it enters blood circulation jkçwlçJçççÆnv³ççbyçjçíyçj pçáUCççÇ
GMM Dip 22 25
Limbic System
Emotional aspects
&
Behavioural patterns
YççJç – YççJçvçç, JççiçCçÓkçÀ
GMM Dip 22 26
Cerebellum, Pons, Medulla
GMM Dip 22 27
Carotid Arteries
Weight of brain-2% of body-
20% of total blood supply
By Lt. and Rt. Carotid Arteries
Baro-receptors (YççjûççnkçÀ) ensure regular blood supply
Brain : Extremely sensitive to Oxygen lack - Giddiness, Confusion, Unconsciousness
IçíjçÇ, mçbYçcç, yçíMçáOoçÇ
GMM Dip 22 28
Spinal Cord
• Central grey mater
• Outer white mater
• Mixed nerves
• çÆcçÞç ®çílççlçblçÓ (Dçç%ççJççnkçÀ,mçbJçíovççJççnkçÀ)
• Coverings (DççJçjCçí)
GMM Dip 22 29
Spinal Cord cçppççjppçÓ
GMM Dip 22 30
Autonomous
Sympathetic &
Parasympathetic
System
mJçç³çÊç cçppççmçbmLçç DçvçákçbÀHççÇ Jç HçjçvçákçbÀHççÇ mçbmLçç
GMM Dip 22 31
GMM Dip 22 32
Functions of
the Nervous System
®çílççmçbmLçç- kçÀç³ç&
GMM Dip 22 33
Function kçÀç³ç&
Neuron cçppççHçíMççÇ : Impulse mçboíMçJçnvç Received through Dendrites (Jç=çÆ#çkçÀç)
Conducted through Axon (Dç#çlçblçÓ)
GMM Dip 22 34
GMM Dip 22 35
Electro – Chemical action
Chemicals
� GABA
� Acetylcholine
� Glycin
� Epinephrine, Norepinephrin
� Dopamine
� …..
GMM Dip 22 36
GMM Dip 22 37
Function kçÀç³ç& Nerves impulses: cçppççlçblçÓbcçOççÇuç mçboíMç Jçnvç Unidirectional in a fibre SkçÀ çÆoMçç JççnlçÓkçÀ Inhibitory ÒççÆlçyçbOççlcçkçÀ Excitatory GÎçÇHçkçÀ
Nerves: cçppççlçblçÓ Sensory – Afferent mçbJçíovççJççnkçÀ Motor – Efferent Dçç%ççJççnkçÀ Mixed çÆcçÞç Circuits pççí[C³çç GMM Dip 22 38
Hemispheres of the Brain cçWoÓ®çí oçívç iççíuççOç&
� Each one controls the other side of the
body
� Except swallowing, breathing
� çÆiçUCçí Jç éççmççísdJççmç mççí[Óvç mçJç& çƬçÀ³ççb®çí çÆvç³çb$çCç çÆJçªOo yççpçÓvçí
GMM Dip 22 39
� Connection between the two –
complex one
� Left : Analytical, mathematical
�[çJçç iççíuççOç& : iççÆCçlççdzç, lçççÆkç&ÀkçÀ #çcçlçç
� Right: Artistic, innovative
�GpçJçç iççíuççOç& : YççJçvçç, kçÀuçç, F.
Hemispheres of the Brain cçWoÓ®çí oçívç iççíuççOç&
GMM Dip 22 40
GMM Dip 22 41
Prefrontal
cortex
Motor Speech
Area
(Broca’s area)
Jçç®ççkçWÀê Dçç%çç
Visual Cortex
¢äçÇ kçWÀê
auditory cortex SíkçÀCçíSíkçÀCçíSíkçÀCçíSíkçÀCçí
Sensory
Speech area
Jçç®ççkçWÀê mçbJçíovççlcçkçÀ
Visual
association area
Central Sulcus
Taste area
Primary Motor Sensory mçbJçíovçç Area Dçç%ççJççnkçÀ
Cerebrum cççíþç cçWoÓ
GMM Dip 22 42
Cerebrum cççíþç cçWoÓ
� Sensory area : back side (posterior) of
central sulcus mçbJçíovçç ûçnCç – cççiççÇuç yççpçÓ
� Motor area : front part (anterior) of central
sulcus Dçç%çç – Hçá{çÇuç yççpçÓ
� Association area : Lateral side
SkçÀ$ççÇkçÀjCç –yççpçÓ®çç Yççiç
GMM Dip 22 43
Motor Areas Dçç%çç kçWÀêí
GMM Dip 22 44
cçO³çç®çç mçcççíjçÇuç Yççiç
GMM Dip 22 45
‘The little man in the
brain’
GMM Dip 22 46
Skin Map in
Post Central
Gyrus
(by,Penfield)
(Sensory)
mçbJçíovççb®çç vçkçÀçMçç cçO³ç箳çç cççiççÇuç yççpçÓ
Functions of Cerebral Cortex
� Higher centre controlling
G®®çmlçjçdzç çÆvç³çb$çCç
� mental behaviour
� Jçlç&CçÓkçÀ
� Thought
� çÆJç®ççj
� Consciousness
� pççCççÇJç
GMM Dip 22 47
Functions of Cerebral Cortex
� Moral sense vçÌçÆlçkçÀlçç
� Will F®sçMçkçwlççÇ
� Intellect yçáOoçÇcçÊçç
� Language Yçç<çç
� Special Senses çÆJç<çíMç mçbJçíovçç
GMM Dip 22 48
Functions of Cerebral Cortex
� Cortex yçç¿çHçìuç– origin of all voluntary
motor impulses controlling the skeletal
muscles mçJç& Síçq®skçÀ çƬçÀ³ççb®çí GiçcçmLççvç
� Final area for the reception of all
incoming sensory impulses through
Spinal Cord, Medulla, Thalamus
- their appreciation & interpretation
mçJç& mçbJçíovççb®çí Dçblçcç ûçnCçmLççvç – mçbJçíovççb®ççÇ pççCççÇJç
GMM Dip 22 49
Pre frontal cortex
� içáblççiçálççÇ®³çç Jçlç&CçÓkçÀçÇ®çí çÆvç³ççípçvç
� J³ççqkçwlçcçlJçç®ççÇ DççÆYçJ³çkçwlççÇ
� mçá³ççíi³ç mççcçççÆpçkçÀ Jçlç&CçÓkçÀ
� cççvçJççÇ JççiçCçÓkçÀçÇ®ççÇ içá©çÆkçÀuuççÇ
³çç mçJç祮çí GiçcçmLççvç
GMM Dip 22 50
Pre frontal cortex thought to be involved in-
� planning complex cognitive behavior
� in the expression of personality
� appropriate social behavior.
� It is a key area of the brain and is often
thought said to be key to what makes us
human.
GMM Dip 22 51
The frontal lobes :
� ideas are created
� kçÀuHçvççb®çç Giçcç
� thoughts joined with associations
to form new memories
� çÆJç®ççjç®çí SkçÀçlcççÇkçÀjCç – vçJççÇvç mcç=lççÇ
� The home of Consciousness
� pççCççÇJçí®çí kçdWÀê
GMM Dip 22 52
The frontal lobes : � Self-awareness arises here
� mJçlJçç®ççÇ pççCççÇJç
� Emotions transformed in this place
from physical survival systems to
subjective feelings
� J³ççqkçwlççÆvçÿ YççJçvççb®ççÇ çÆvççÆcç&lççÇ
� Closely associated with the
generation of consciousness in the
prefrontal cortex
GMM Dip 22 53
Brain maps
Left-at work having problems,
Beta waves
Right- relaxing with family
Initial phase of Yoganidra Deeper relaxation,
Alpha waves
GMM Dip 22 54
GMM Dip 22 55
Mid Brain
GMM Dip 22 56
GMM Dip 22 57
Behavioral pattern
� Emotions like,
Pleasure
Pain
Anger
Fear
Sexual feelings
Love & affection
Two pathways
� “Lower ‘Old’ Pathway”
� “Upper ‘New’ Pathway”
GMM Dip 22 58
Reticular Formation
� Arousal
� Relaxation of Brain
� Concerned with Sleep
� Pineal gland
GMM Dip 22 59
Cerebellum uçnçvç cçWoÓ
� Co-ordination of voluntary movements
� Brings about co-ordinated movements
� Maintains muscle tone, controls
posture
GMM Dip 22 60
Cerebellum uçnçvç cçWoÓ
� Maintains equilibrium through
receiving signals from internal ear
� Regulation of all skilful movements
� Works in close association with other
areas
GMM Dip 22 61
GMM Dip 22 62
Thalamus
� Relay station for
sensory impulses
� Interprets impulses of pain,
Temperature, etc.
GMM Dip 22 63
Medulla Oblongata
uçbyçcçppçç � Reflex centres of-
� Cardiac activity, Respiration &
vasomotor functions
� Swallowing, Vomiting, Coughing,
Sneezing (kç=ÀkçÀuç) hiccupping (vççiç)
� Cortex can influence the function
GMM Dip 22 64
Spinal CordSpinal CordSpinal CordSpinal Cord
1. Communication with
brain & other body parts
1. Reflex action
GMM Dip 22 65
Reflex Action Reflex Action Reflex Action Reflex Action ÒççÆlççÆ#çHlç çƬçÀ³ççÒççÆlççÆ#çHlç çƬçÀ³ççÒççÆlççÆ#çHlç çƬçÀ³ççÒççÆlççÆ#çHlç çƬçÀ³çç
Can be inhibited by voluntary control
GMM Dip 22 66
Reflex Action ÒççÆlççÆ#çHlç çƬçÀ³çç
GMM Dip 22 67
Hypothalamus
� Integration of ANS, endocrine system
� Regulates internal environment &
Homeostasis DççblçjçÇkçÀ mçblçáuçvç
� Controls Pituitary gland
� Regulates food intake & thirst
� Associated with emotions
GMM Dip 22 68
GMM Dip 22 69
ANS DçvçÌçq®skçÀ cçppççmçbmLçç � Involuntary Nervous System DçvçÌçq®skçÀ
� Deals with automatic nervous control
of viscera
� Entirely motor Dçç%ççJççnkçÀ
� Works without direct control of brain
but is influenced by some centers in
cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and
medulla
cççíþîçç cçWoÓ®çí DççbçÆMçkçÀ çÆvç³çb$çCç
GMM Dip 22 70
Sympathetic & Parasympathetic
� Opposite actions
� Balance each other
� F[ç – çÆHçbiçuçç vçç[îçç
GMM Dip 22 71
Action Sympathetic
(Fight, Fright or
Flight)
Para Sympathetic
Pupils of the eye Dilates Constricts
Heart rate Increases Slows down
Blood vessels of
Skin & Viscera
Constricts Dilates
Coronary Arteries Dilates Slows down Heart
Blood Pressure Elavates Normalizes
Secretion of Salivary
& Lacrimal Glands
Reduses Increases
GMM Dip 22 72
Action Sympathetic
(Fight, Fright or Flight)
Para
Sympathetic
Breathing rate Increases Decreases
Bronchi Relaxes Constrics
Blood Sugar Increases
Gastric activity,
Blood flow,
peristalsis
Reduces Increases
Adrenaline & Nor
adrenaline
Stimulates Regularizes
Exercise Stimulates
Emotional activity Stimulated Restores GMM Dip 22 73
Stress Reaction
� Sympathetic stimulation
� ‘Fight, Flight or Fright’ response
� uç{ç, HçUç DçLçJçç Içyçjçì
GMM Dip 22 74
GMM Dip 22 75
GMM Dip 22 76
Conscious Experience
�When a person is thinking,
feeling, imagining, dreaming,
reasoning, perceiving with full
awareness
GMM Dip 22 77
Co ordination of Sensory impulses
Recognition,
judgment of distance, area, etc
Motor response – coordinated movement
Commands from brain –
-opposite to each other
GMM Dip 22 78
GMM Dip 22 79
GMM Dip 22 80
Special Sense Organs –
Taste ®çJç � Tongue, palate, pharynx -taste buds
� pççÇYç, ìçUÓ®çç kçÀçnçÇ Yççiç, Içmçç
� 1. general sensation, tactile ,size,
shape, texture, consistence,
temperature, etc
� mçJç&mççOççjCç – DççkçÀçj, lççHçcççvç, mHçMç&, F.
� 2. special taste sensation
GMM Dip 22 82
Special Sense Organs –
Smell içbOç
� Olfactory nerve
� Directly passed to brain cçWoÓkçÀ[í Jçnvç
� Stimulate by gases, small particles
� Temporal lobe
GMM Dip 22 83
Special Sense Organs –
Sight ¢äçÇ
� Retina, Rods & cones, nerve endings
� Optic nerve
� Signals from left retina to left brain
� Optic chiasma
� Visual cortex in occipital lobe
GMM Dip 22 84
Sight ¢äçÇ
GMM Dip 22 85
Special Sense Organs – Hearing SíkçÀCçí
� Ears
� Internal ears –
semicircular canals filled with fluid –
movement stimulates nerve endings
signal to cerebellum to control equilibrium,
sense of position of the body
� Auditory nerve –
� Centre below temporal lobe
GMM Dip 22 86
Special Sense Organs – Touch mHçMç&
� Efferent nerves from Skin
� lJç®çíJçjçÇuç cçppççlçblçÓbÜçjç Jçnvç
� Some areas more sensitive
GMM Dip 22 87
Proprioception
�oínYççvç
� Awareness of our own body
GMM Dip 22 88
Property of the brain cçWoÓ®çí JçÌçÆMçþîç
� Stops recognizing persistent strong sensations - Habituation
� mçlçlç GÎçÇHçvç – vççWo IçíCçí LççbyççÆJçlççí
� Imagining an action, emotion, etc :
….same structural activity as actual action or emotion
kçÀuHçvçççÆ®ç$ççlç DçvçáYççÆJçuçíu³çç YççJçvççb®ççÇ pççCççÇJç :
KçjçíKçjçÇ®³çç YççJçvççbÒçcççCçí®ç nçíCççjí yçouç
GMM Dip 22 89
Mind cçvç � Functional entity cçWoÓ®çí kçÀç³çç&lcçkçÀ DçççÆmlçlJç
� Brain function
� Affects functioning of the brain and
body
� Mind Body relationship
� Network of,
Brain, Endocrine and Immune systems GMM Dip 22 90
Psycho-neuro-immunology
Neurotheology DççO³ççlcç®çílççMççðç
GMM Dip 22 91
Temporal lobe
� Spatial sense
� Awareness of the surrounding space -
time
GMM Dip 22 92
Effect of Yogasadhana
GMM Dip 22 93
Yama – Niyama ³çcç-çÆvç³çcç � Observance induces calmness of
mind because of reduction of stress
on Nervous System
� Balance of ANS
GMM Dip 22 94
Asana Dççmçvç
� Neuro - muscular coordination
� Attaining posture consciously
� Òç³çlvçMçÌçÆLçu³ç : lower brain centers start
maintaining the posture automatically
(Habituation)
� Brain map of a posture
GMM Dip 22 95
Asana Dççmçvç � DçvçvlçmçcççHççÆÊç Internal awareness
develops since process of thinking,
analysis, etc reduced
� Development of internal awareness
� ÜboçvççÆYçIççlç:
� Balance of brain commands to
muscles
induces stability of body – mind
Balance of ANS GMM Dip 22 96
Mudras cçáêç
� Asana like pose, contraction of particular
body part - with attitude
� Nerve plexuses, endocrine glands
� Establishes subtle, non-intellectual
connection in Brain –
- each Mudra: different link
� Influences unconscious,
instinctive habbit patterns in Brain
GMM Dip 22 97
Shuddhikriyas MçáçqOoçq¬çÀ³çç
� Conscious control over autonomic
functions
� Reflexes like vomitting, sneezing,
digestive tract movements, etc
� $ççìkçÀ increase in memory,
concentration/relaxation
� Functional Imbalances (DçMçáçqOo) reduced
(MçáOoçÇ)
GMM Dip 22 98
Pranayama ÒççCçç³ççcç
� Dçvçáuççícç-çÆJçuççícç: balance between both
nostrils
� F[ç-çÆHçbiçuçç balance
� Yç´çcçjçÇ: Vibrations, vçço – Calming of mind ,
soothing to Nervous system –
uç³ç - activity of brain reduced, stopped
GMM Dip 22 99
Pranayama ÒççCçç³ççcç
� Exhalation-passive process done actively
� Control of respiration shifted to higher
centers
� Normal Breathing also connected with
Hypothalamus
GMM Dip 22 100
Pranayama ÒççCçç³ççcç
� Both hemispheres function equally
� Dormant centers in Brain activated
� lçlç: #ççdzçlçí ÒçkçÀçMççJçjCçcçd ~ Hçç. ³ççí. mçÓ.
� çÆJçÐçç – DççblççÆjkçÀ %ççvçç®çç Go³ç
GMM Dip 22 101
Shavasan-Yoganidra MçJççmçvç-³ççíiççÆvçêç
� Complete relaxation at muscular level ,
no motor signals from brain
� Sensory inputs absent except hearing
from instructor
� Comple rest to brain centres, relative
rest to ANS
GMM Dip 22 102
Shavasan-Yoganidra MçJççmçvç-³ççíiççÆvçêç
� Rotation of consciousness :
A fixed sequence based on
motor centres
think about part but
no movement –
induces complete relaxation,
brain map getting ‘fixed’
GMM Dip 22 103
� Visualization – guided imagery :
establishes pathways in brain,
emotional level, level of sub &
unconscious mind
� Feeling of sensations:
emotional catharsis
Shavasan-Yoganidra MçJççmçvç-³ççíiççÆvçêç
GMM Dip 22 104
Dçblçjbiç mççOçvçç � No sensory inputs and no motor activity
� Awareness withdrawn from the body
completely
� Complete rest to brain centres, spatial
awareness withdrawn
� Development of inner awareness,
perception – beyond words
� Particular areas of Brain – Stop activity
GMM Dip 22 105
Stress reduction
� Imbalance of ANS – dominance of
Sympathatic – stress
� All types of Yogasadhana – balancing
effect
� Both Sympathetic, Parasympathetic
systems balanced
� Endorphins, neuropeptides released
because of relaxation & other practices
like Bhaktiyoga, etc GMM Dip 22 106
Effect of Yoga
� Control of automatic functions,
beyond cognition
� Each Chakra – Corresponding center
in the brain – effect on that
� Chakra – like a switch
GMM Dip 22 107
vçço³ççíiç, Yççqkçwlç³ççíiç � Improvement of CSF flow
� Release of serotonin- joyful state
� Brain circuits formed and fixed
because of repeated chanting
GMM Dip 22 108
Over all effect � çÆJç%ççvçcç³ç kçÀçíMç : thinking, discrimination,
çÆJçJçíkçÀ
� cçvççícç³ç kçÀçíMç : involvement of mind in
sadhana
� ÒççCçcç³ç kçÀçíMç : Pranic flow, removal of
blockages
� DçVçcç³ç kçÀçíMç : Function of all systems
GMM Dip 22 109
GMM Dip 22 110
GMM Dip 22 111
GMM Dip 22 112