Post on 03-Apr-2018
7/28/2019 Nano and the Environment: Potential Risks, Real Uncertainties & Urgent Issues
1/12
Nano and the Environment:
Potential Risks, Real Uncertainties
& Urgent Issues
Biosafety Brief 2011/01
7/28/2019 Nano and the Environment: Potential Risks, Real Uncertainties & Urgent Issues
2/12
7/28/2019 Nano and the Environment: Potential Risks, Real Uncertainties & Urgent Issues
3/12
7/28/2019 Nano and the Environment: Potential Risks, Real Uncertainties & Urgent Issues
4/12
*HQN%LRVDIHW\%ULHI_1DQRWKH(QYLURQPHQW
PDWHULDOV(PSKDVLVKDVWKHUHIRUHEHHQSODFHGRQWKHQHHGIRUUHJXODWRU\DWWHQWLRQRQQDQR67IRU
WKH1RUZHJLDQFRQWH[WVHH%R[LQFOXGLQJVWDQGDUGL]HGJXLGHOLQHVIRUUHJXODWRU\VFLHQFHVHH
%R[DQGHQKDQFHGUHVHDUFKRQSRWHQWLDOKHDOWKDQGHQYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFWV+RZHYHUGHVSLWH
FRQVLVWHQWFDOOVIRUPRUHUHVHDUFKLQQDQRHFRWR[LFRORJ\WKHFXUUHQWOHYHORINQRZOHGJHKDVEHHQ
GHVFULEHGDVUXGLPHQWDU\>@DQGWKHOHYHORIXQFHUWDLQW\H[WUHPH>@8QFHUWDLQW\DULVHVEHFDXVH
WKHWR[LFRORJLFDOSRWHQWLDORISDUWLFXODUQDQRPDWHULDOVUHODWHVWRDVXLWHRIGLIIHUHQWIDFWRUVDOORI
ZKLFKDUHFXUUHQWO\SRRUO\XQGHUVWRRG)RUH[DPSOHLQDGGLWLRQWRWKHWUDGLWLRQDOGRVHPHWULFVRIPDVVRUQXPEHUWKHWR[LFRORJLFDOSRWHQWLDORIQDQRPDWHULDOVUHODWHVWRFKDUDFWHULVWLFVVXFKDV
VXUIDFHDUHDVKDSHVROXELOLW\DQGDJJORPHUDWLRQVWDWHZKLFKPD\EHDOWHUHGE\HQYLURQPHQWDO
IDFWRUVVXFKDVS+VDOLQLW\DQGWKHSUHVHQFHRIRUJDQLFPDWWHUHWF>@2WKHUIDFWRUVRILPSRUWDQFH
IRUXQGHUVWDQGLQJHQYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFWVXFKDVOHYHOVRIH[SRVXUHDQGWKHIDWHDQGEHKDYLRU
RIQDQRPDWHULDOV LQ WKH HQYLURQPHQW DUH DOVR VXEMHFW WRKLJK OHYHOV RIXQFHUWDLQW\>@7KHVH
XQFHUWDLQWLHVDUHH[DFHUEDWHGE\DFXUUHQWODFNRIDSSURSULDWHDQGDJUHHGPHWKRGVIRUWHVWLQJ
LQFOXGLQJEDVLFLVVXHVVXFKDVKRZWRGHWHFWPHDVXUHDQGFKDUDFWHULVHQDQRPDWHULDOV>@LPSDFWLQJ
ERWKWKH UHOLDELOLW\DQG WKHJHQHUDOLVDELOLW\RIUHVHDUFKRXWFRPHV,QVXPPDU\WKHUH LVFXUUHQWO\
YHU\OLWWOHNQRZOHGJH RQ WKHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVHFRWR[LFLW\ DQGHQYLURQPHQWDO IDWHRI WKHYDULRXV
QDQRPDWHULDOVLQXVHDQGHIIHFWLYHPHWKRGVWRSHUIRUPWKLVW\SHRIUHVHDUFKUHPDLQVXEVWDQWLDOO\
XQGHUGHYHORSHG
:KLOH UHVHDUFK LQ QDQRHFRWR[LFRORJ\ UHPDLQV VKURXGHG LQ XQFHUWDLQW\ HPHUJLQJ HYLGHQFH
LQGLFDWHVDSRWHQWLDOIRUKDUP0RVWFRQFHUQVUHODWHWRHQJLQHHUHGQDQRSDUWLFOHVQRWHPEHGGHGLQ
DVROLGPDWUL[)UHHQDQRSDUWLFOHVGHPRQVWUDWHH[WUHPHPRELOLW\LQFOXGLQJDQDELOLW\WRSHQHWUDWH
FHOO PHPEUDQHV ,I WKH\ HQWHU WKH EORRG VWUHDPO\PSKDWLF V\VWHP WKH\ FDQ PRYH WKURXJKRXW
RUJDQLVPV,WKDVEHHQGHPRQVWUDWHGWKDWWKH\FDQHQWHURUJDQVVXFKDVKHDUWOLYHUOXQJVNLGQH\V
VSOHHQDQGEUDLQDVZHOODVUHSURGXFWLYHDQGQHUYRXVV\VWHPVDQGHYHQEHWUDQVIHUUHGWRDIRHWXV
>@,WKDVDOVREHHQIRXQGWKDWQDQRSDUWLFOHVFDQELQGWRRWKHUFKHPLFDOVDQGSROOXWDQWVDQG
WKHUHE\HQKDQFHWKHLUELRORJLFDODYDLODELOLW\DQGWR[LFLW\>@LQZKDWKDVEHHQWHUPHGWKH7URMDQ
KRUVHHIIHFW5HYLHZVRIWKHUHVHDUFKDYDLODEOHRQSDUWLFXODUFODVVHVRIQDQRPDWHULDOVDUHVWDUWLQJ
WRHPHUJH>@DVDUHRQOLQHGDWDEDVHVRIDYDLODEOHKHDOWKDQGHQYLURQPHQWDOVDIHW\UHVHDUFK
HJ IURPWKH2(&'>@,&21>@ DQG3(1 >@:KLOH WKH WR[LFLW\RIIUHHQDQRSDUWLFOHV
FDQQRWEHJHQHUDOL]HGHPHUJLQJHYLGHQFHIRUFKDUDFWHULVWLFV VXFKDV PRELOLW\SHUVLVWHQFHDQG
ELRDFFXPXODWLRQLVFHQWUDOWRHQYLURQPHQWDOFRQFHUQ
7R XQGHUVWDQG WKH SRWHQWLDO LPSDFW WKDW DQ\ QDQRPDWHULDO ZLOO KDYH RQ WKH HQYLURQPHQW WKH
DGRSWLRQRIDOLIHF\FOHSHUVSHFWLYHLVQHFHVVDU\7KLVLQYROYHVDVVHVVLQJLPSDFWVWKDWPD\RFFXU
WKURXJKRXWDSURGXFWVOLIHLQFOXGLQJWKHSKDVHVRIPDQXIDFWXUHGLVWULEXWLRQXVHDQGGLVSRVDO
VHH)LJXUH7KHWLPHIUDPHRYHUZKLFKVXFKDQDVVHVVPHQWVKRXOGWDNHSODFHZLOOQHFHVVDULO\
YDU\ZLWKWKHSURGXFWLQTXHVWLRQDQGLWVUHFHLYLQJHQYLURQPHQWV%RWKWKHSURFHVVRISHUIRUPLQJD
OLIHF\FOHDVVHVVPHQW>@DQGWKHGHWHUPLQDWLRQRILWVUHOHYDQWWLPHIUDPHZLOOQHHGWREHLQIRUPHG
E\FDVHVSHFLFVFLHQWLFUHVHDUFK
7/28/2019 Nano and the Environment: Potential Risks, Real Uncertainties & Urgent Issues
5/12
7/28/2019 Nano and the Environment: Potential Risks, Real Uncertainties & Urgent Issues
6/12
7/28/2019 Nano and the Environment: Potential Risks, Real Uncertainties & Urgent Issues
7/12
PDNLQJ )LQGLQJZD\V WR LQWHJUDWH WKH GHYHORSPHQW RIKLJK TXDOLW\ VFLHQFHZLWK EURDGEDVHG
GHOLEHUDWLRQRYHUVRFLDODQGHWKLFDOTXHVWLRQVLVWKHUHIRUHDFHQWUDOFKDOOHQJHIRUGHFLVLRQPDNLQJ
XQGHUWKHFRQGLWLRQVRIXQFHUWDLQW\'HYHORSLQJDEHWWHUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIKRZVFLHQFHHWKLFVDQG
SXEOLFYDOXHVDUH LQWHUWZLQHGLQ WKHVHWWLQJRI UHVHDUFK WUDMHFWRULHVDQGWKHFKRLFHRI UHJXODWRU\
DFWLRQVLVDOVRDUJXDEO\QHFHVVDU\LIUHVSRQVLEOHDQGUHH[LYHHQYLURQPHQWDOJRYHUQDQFHRIQDQR67
LVWREHSRVVLEOH
&DVH6WXGLHV6RIDUZHKDYHVXJJHVWHGWKDW1DQR67LVLQFUHGLEO\GLYHUVH&ODLPVDUHEHLQJPDGHDERXWLWV
SRWHQWLDOIRUERWKHQYLURQPHQWDOEHQHWDQGULVN7KHUHDUHKLJKOHYHOVRIXQFHUWDLQW\FRQFHUQLQJ
DFWXDOHQYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFWVDQG7KHUHLVDQHHGWRFRQVLGHUVRFLDODQGHWKLFDOGLPHQVLRQVZKHQ
GLVFXVVLQJELRVDIHW\LVVXHVFRQQHFWHGWRQDQR67,QZKDWIROORZVZHVSRWOLJKWGLIIHUHQWFDVHVRI
QDQR67WRGHPRQVWUDWHWKHVHSRLQWVLQPRUHFRQFUHWHWHUPV7KHVHFDVHVDUHWKHXVHRIQDQRVLOYHU
FDUERQQDQRWXEHVDQGLURQQDQRSDUWLFOHVIRUHQYLURQPHQWDOUHPHGLDWLRQ,QHDFKFDVHZHKLJKOLJKW
GXDOEHQHWULVNFODLPVDQGGLVFXVV DYDLODEOH UHVHDUFK UHODWLQJ WR HFRWR[LFLW\:H FRQFOXGHE\
DUJXLQJWKDWZKLOHOLIHF\FOHSHUVSHFWLYHVDUHFUXFLDOIRUXQGHUVWDQGLQJWKHHQYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFWRI
QDQR67FXUUHQWOLPLWDWLRQVIRUSHUIRUPLQJWKHVHPDNHLQWHJUDWLQJVRFLDODQGHWKLFDOFRQVLGHUDWLRQV
HVSHFLDOO\LPSRUWDQW
&DVH6WXG\1DQRVLOYHUVLOYHUEXOOHWRUHQYLURQPHQWDOSROOXWDQW"
1DQRVL]HGSDUWLFOHVRIHOHPHQWDO VLOYHU QDQRVLOYHU UHSUHVHQW WKHPRVWZLGHVSUHDGDSSOLFDWLRQ
RIQDQRWHFKQRORJ\WRGD\>@:KLOHVLOYHUVDQWLEDFWHULDOHIIHFWVKDYHEHHQXWLOL]HGVLQFHDQFLHQW
WLPHVVLOYHULQQDQRVLOYHULVSDUWLFXODUO\HIIHFWLYHDWFRPEDWLQJSDWKRJHQVPDLQO\EDFWHULDEXW
DOVRYLUXVHVDQGIXQJL,QWKLVIXQFWLRQQDQRVLOYHULVIRUH[DPSOHEHLQJXVHGIRUGLVLQIHFWLQJZDWHU
VXSSOLHVHJLQKRVSLWDOVLQGUHVVLQJVIRUZRXQGVEXUQVDQGXOFHUVLQPHGLFDOGHYLFHVIRRG
SDFNDJLQJFORWKLQJDQGLQDUDQJHRIKRXVHKROGJRRGVVXFKDVUHIULJHUDWRUVDQGZDVKLQJPDFKLQHV
>@
,QVSLWH RILWVZLGH UDQJHRI DSSOLFDWLRQV VXUSULVLQJO\ OLWWOHUHVHDUFKH[LVWV RQWKH WR[LFLW\DQG
ELRGLVWULEXWLRQ RI QDQRVLOYHU > @ ,Q YLWUR UHVHDUFK WKDW KDV EHHQ FRQGXFWHG LQGLFDWHV WKDWQDQRVLOYHUSDUWLFOHVDUHDEOHWRSHQHWUDWHFHOOPHPEUDQHVFDQDFFHOHUDWHWKHJHQHUDWLRQRIFHOOXODU
UHDFWLYHR[\JHQVSHFLHVDQGOHDGWRF\WRWR[LFDQGJHQRWR[LFHIIHFWVVXFKDV'1$GDPDJH>@
2QHRIWKHNH\DUHDVRIXQFHUWDLQW\KRZHYHULVZKHWKHUDQ\REVHUYHGWR[LFLW\UHODWHVWRVLOYHU
QDQRSDUWLFOHVWKHPVHOYHVRUWRWKHUHOHDVHRIVLOYHULRQV>@,RQLFVLOYHULVNQRZQWREHRQHRIWKH
PRVWWR[LFPHWDOVIRUDTXDWLFRUJDQLVPVDQGLQYLYRVWXGLHVLQYHVWLJDWLQJWKHLPSDFWVRIQDQRVLOYHU
RQ]HEUDVK KDYHVKRZQDQ DELOLW\ IRU WKH QDQRSDUWLFOHV WRFURVVWKHSURWHFWLYHPHPEUDQHRI
HPEU\RVEHFRPHHPEHGGHG LQGHYHORSLQJ RUJDQVDQGOHDGWRGRVHGHSHQGHQWGHIRUPLWLHVDQG
GHDWKV>@
&RQFHUQVUHODWHGWRWKHH[WHQVLYHXVHRIQDQRVLOYHUUHODWHLQFOXGHWKHGHYHORSPHQWRI UHVLVWDQFH
DPRQJSDWKRJHQV>@DQGWKHSHUVLVWHQFHRIWKHPDWHULDOFUHDWLQJDWKUHDWIRUELRORJLFDOSDUWLFXODUO\PLFURELDOGLYHUVLW\>@&HUWDLQW\SHVRIQDQRVLOYHUFRQWDLQLQJWH[WLOHVHJRGRXUIUHHQDQR
VRFNVKDYHEHHQIRXQGWROHDFKFRQVLGHUDEOHDPRXQWVRIFROORLGDORULRQLFVLOYHU>@7KLVKDV
OHDGWRFRQFHUQVWKDWQDQRVLOYHUPD\KDYHQHJDWLYHHIIHFWVIRUDTXDWLFHQYLURQPHQWVWKHELROPV
XVHGLQWKHWUHDWPHQWRIZDVWHZDWHUDQGWKHXVHRIWUHDWHGZDVWHVOXGJHDVDJULFXOWXUDOIHUWLOL]HU
>@7KHVHFRQFHUQVHPSKDVLVHWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIFRQVLGHULQJORQJWLPHIUDPHVDQGWKHIXOO
OLIHF\FOHRIDQDQRSURGXFWLQDVVHVVLQJLWVHQYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFW>@LQFOXGLQJKRZWKHSURGXFW
PD\DIIHFWSRSXODWLRQVRYHUJHQHUDWLRQVDQGKRZLWPD\FLUFXODWHWKURXJKZDVWHV\VWHPV
,Q1RUZD\WKHLQWHUHVWRUJDQL]DWLRQ1RUZHJLDQ:DWHUUDLVHGWKHVHW\SHVRIFRQFHUQVLQUHODWLRQ
WRWKHVDOHRI ODXQGU\PDFKLQHVXWLOLVLQJQDQRVLOYHULH6LOYHU:DVKDVPDUNHWHGE\6DPVXQJ
(OHFWURQLFV1RUGLF,QDSXEOLFOHWWHU1RUZHJLDQ:DWHUDVNHGWKHQDWLRQDO&OLPDWHDQG3ROOXWLRQ$XWKRULW\DQGWKH1RUZHJLDQ)RRG6DIHW\$XWKRULW\WRH[DPLQHWKHKHDOWKDQGHQYLURQPHQWDO
FRQVHTXHQFHV RI WKLV ODXQGU\ V\VWHP 7KH &OLPDWH DQG 3ROOXWLRQ$XWKRULW\ DVNHG IRU D ULVN
DVVHVVPHQWWREHFRQGXFWHGE\6DPVXQJEXWIRXQGWKHLQIRUPDWLRQWKH\UHFHLYHGWREHLQVXIFLHQW
7KHDXWKRULW\UHTXHVWHGPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQKRZHYHUWKDWGHOLYHUHGZDVDOVRGHHPHGLQDGHTXDWHIRU
DVVXULQJWKHSURGXFWVVDIHW\6LQFHWKHXVHRIVLOYHULVQRWUHJXODWHGLQ1RUZD\WKHSUHVHQFHRI
*HQN%LRVDIHW\%ULHI_1DQRWKH(QYLURQPHQW
7/28/2019 Nano and the Environment: Potential Risks, Real Uncertainties & Urgent Issues
8/12
VLOYHULQZDVKLQJPDFKLQHVLQFOXGLQJQDQRVLOYHUFRXOGQRWEHEDQQHG,QVWHDGZLWKUHIHUHQFHWR
WKHSUHFDXWLRQDU\SULQFLSOHWKH&OLPDWHDQG3ROOXWLRQ$XWKRULW\UHTXHVWHGWKDWWKHXVHRI6LOYHU
:DVKEHUHVWULFWHGWRWHPSHUDWXUHV&DVKLJKHUWHPSHUDWXUHVZRXOGPDNHWKHEDFWHULFLGDO
HIIHFWRIVLOYHUUHGXQGDQWDQGWKDW6DPVXQJLQIRUPFRQVXPHUVWKRURXJKO\DERXWWKHIXQFWLRQRI
QDQRVLOYHUDQGZKDWVKRXOGEHGRQHWRSURWHFWWKHHQYLURQPHQWIURPWKHVXEVHTXHQWGLVFKDUJH
LQWRZDVWHZDWHUV\VWHPV7KHVHUHTXHVWVZHUHDOLJQHGZLWKUHTXLUHPHQWVLPSRVHGE\6ZHGLVK
DXWKRULWLHV6DPVXQJQRORQJHURIIHUV6LOYHU:DVKODXQGU\PDFKLQHVIRUVDOHLQ1RUZD\
&DVH6WXG\&DUERQ1DQRWXEHV(QHUJ\VDYHGRUVTXDQGHUHG"
&DUERQQDQRWXEHV&17VUHSUHVHQWRQHRIWKHERRPDUHDVRIQDQR67ZLWKD SUHGLFWHGJOREDO
PDUNHWRIRYHU86PLOOLRQE\>@&17VDUHFDUERQDWRPVDUUDQJHGLQWRF\OLQGHUVXQOLNH
LQWRWKHVKHHWVRIJUDSKLWHRUWKHWHWUDKHGURQVRIGLDPRQGZKLFKHQDEOHVDWWUDFWLYHDWWLEXWHVVXFK
DVDQLQFUHGLEOHKLJKVWUHQJWKZHLJKWUDWLRDQGXQLTXHHOHFWULFDOSURSHUWLHV7KHVHFKDUDFWHULVWLFV
DUHPRWLYDWLQJWKHLQYHVWLJDWLRQDQGXVHRIFDUERQQDQRWXEHVLQDUHDVDVGLYHUVHDVHOHFWURQLFV
WUDQVSRUWHQHUJ\RSWLFVDUFKLWHFWXUHDQGPHGLFLQH&ODLPVWRHQYLURQPHQWDOEHQHWVIURP&17V
W\SLFDOO\ UHODWH WR WKH FUHDWLRQ RI QHZ VWURQJOLJKWZHLJKW PDWHULDOV IRU WKH WUDQVSRUW LQGXVWU\
UHVXOWLQJ LQUHGXFHGIXHO XVHDQG WKHLUSRWHQWLDO UROH LQLPSURYLQJ WKH HIFLHQF\RIUHQHZDEOH
HQHUJ\WHFKQRORJLHV
6LQFHFDUERQQDQRWXEHVVKDUHDVWUXFWXUDOVLPLODULW\WRDVEHVWRVLHERWKDUHVPDOOQHHGOHOLNH
VWLIIEUHVDSUHVVLQJTXHVWLRQKDVEHHQZKHWKHUQDQRWXEHVFRXOGSRVHVLPLODUULVNV$YDLODEOH
UHVHDUFKKDVVKRZQWKDW&17VPD\FDXVHLQDPPDWLRQDQGJUDQXORPDVVFDUOLNHOHVLRQV>@
ZKLFKDUHLQGHHGWKHVDPHERGLO\UHVSRQVHVWKDWUHVXOWIURPH[SRVXUHWRDVEHVWRVDQGSUHFHGHWKH
GHYHORSPHQWRIFDQFHUVVXFKDVPHVRWKHOLRPD)XUWKHUPRUHLWKDVEHHQGHPRQVWUDWHGWKDW&17V
PD\FDXVHVNLQFHOOWR[LFLW\WKURXJKGHUPDOH[SRVXUH>@DQGJHQRWR[LFLW\WKDWLVWR[LFLW\DWD
PROHFXODUOHYHOLQFOXGLQJDQDELOLW\WRGDPDJH'1$>@&17VFDQEHVLQJOHZDOOHGRUPXOWL
ZDOOHGDQGFRPHLQDUDQJHRIGLIIHUHQWVL]HVWKH\WHQGWRDJJORPHUDWHDFRPPRQIHDWXUHRIIUHH
QDQRSDUWLFOHVDQGFDQFRQWDLQGLIIHUHQWDPRXQWVRIUHVLGXHVIURPPHWDOFDWDO\VWVXVHGGXULQJWKHLU
SURGXFWLRQ6LQFHVXFKIDFWRUVPD\LPSDFWWKHLUWR[LFLW\GLIIHUHQWW\SHVRI&17VZLOOSRVHGLIIHUHQW
OHYHOVRIULVNV
7KHUHLVFXUUHQWO\H[WUHPHO\OLPLWHGLQIRUPDWLRQDYDLODEOHRQOHYHOVRIH[SRVXUHWR&17V$YDLODEOH
VWXGLHVIRFXVRQZRUNHUH[SRVXUHLQQDQRWHFKQRORJ\LQGXVWULHVDQG5'IDFLOLWLHV>@ZKLFK
VD\VOLWWOHDERXWHQYLURQPHQWDOH[SRVXUHVDQGGRHVQRWDFFRXQWIRUWKHH[SHFWHGLQFUHDVHLQH[SRVXUH
DVWKHXVHRI&17VEHFRPHVPRUHZLGHVSUHDG,WLVDOVRLPSRUWDQWWRWDNHLQWRDFFRXQWWKHLQFUHGLEOH
SHUVLVWHQFHRI&17VZKLFKKDYHEHHQ UHIHUUHGWR DVSUREDEO\RQHRIWKHPRVWELRORJLFDOO\QRQ
GHJUDGDEOHPDQPDGHPDWHULDOVFXUUHQWO\DYDLODEOH>@
&KDOOHQJHVWRXQGHUVWDQGLQJWKHULVNVSRVHGE\&17VUHODWHQRWRQO\WRWKHOLPLWHGLQIRUPDWLRQ
DYDLODEOHEXWDOVRWRDGHHSOHYHOGHEDWHDERXWWKHSDUDGLJPVPHWKRGVDQGDSSURDFKHVWKDWDUH
PRVWDSSURSULDWHIRUWHVWLQJ)RUH[DPSOHLQVWXGLHVGHVLJQHGDQGFRQGXFWHGDFFRUGLQJWRDEUH
WR[LFRORJ\SDUDGLJPORQJQDQRWXEHVDSSHDUPRVWWR[LF+RZHYHULIWHVWHGDFFRUGLQJWRWKHPHWKRGV
DQG DSSURDFKHV PRVW UHOHYDQW IRU SDUWLFOHV VKRUW QDQRWXEHV PD\ DOVR GHPRQVWUDWH VLJQLFDQW
WR[LFLW\>@7KHUHLVWKHUHIRUHDQHHGIRUPRUHH[SORUDWRU\UHVHDUFKDQGH[SHULPHQWDWLRQZLWKWHVW
PHWKRGVEHIRUHDQ\VWDQGDUGL]HGWHVWLQJSURFHGXUHVDUHSXWLQSODFH
-XVWDVIRUQDQRVLOYHULWLVFUXFLDOWRSHUIRUPDIXOOOLIHF\FOHDVVHVVPHQW>@WRXQGHUVWDQGWKHQHW
HQYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFWRI&17V7KLVLVEHFDXVHQRWRQO\DUHWKHUHVHULRXVFRQFHUQVUHODWLQJWRWKH
WR[LFLW\DQGELRSHUVLVWHQFHRI&17VWKHLUSURGXFWLRQLVDOVRKLJKO\HQHUJ\LQWHQVLYH>@DQGPD\
RXWZHLJKWKHVDYLQJVDFKLHYHGLQWKHLUDSSOLFDWLRQ&RPSUHKHQVLYHHQHUJ\DFFRXQWLQJLVWKHUHIRUH
DQHFHVVDU\FRPSRQHQWLQDQ\OLIHF\FOHDVVHVVPHQWRI&17V
&DVH6WXG\1DQRSDUWLFOHVIRUHQYLURQPHQWDOUHPHGLDWLRQSROOXWDQWVLQRURXW"7KHXVHRIQDQRSDUWLFOHVIRULPSURYHG in situHQYLURQPHQWDOUHPHGLDWLRQRISROOXWHGVRLOVDQG
JURXQGZDWHULVKHOGXSDVRQHRIWKHPRVWSURPLVLQJDUHDVIRUQDQRWHFKQRORJ\WRRIIHUHQYLURQPHQWDO
EHQHWV ,Q QDQRSDUWLFOHV ZHUH EHLQJ XVHG IRU in situ environmental remediation on
DSSUR[LPDWHO\VLWHVDFURVV1RUWK$PHULFD(XURSHDQG$VLD>@&XUUHQWO\WKHXVHRI]HUR
*HQN%LRVDIHW\%ULHI_1DQRWKH(QYLURQPHQW
7/28/2019 Nano and the Environment: Potential Risks, Real Uncertainties & Urgent Issues
9/12
7/28/2019 Nano and the Environment: Potential Risks, Real Uncertainties & Urgent Issues
10/12
7/28/2019 Nano and the Environment: Potential Risks, Real Uncertainties & Urgent Issues
11/12
5HIHUHQFHV
6&(1,+5 6FLHQWLF &RPPLWWHH RQ (PHUJLQJ DQG 1HZO\ ,GHQWLHG +HDOWK 5LVNV The appropriateness of existing
methodologies to assess the potential risks associated with engineered and adventious products of nanotechnologies.
(XURSHDQ&RPPLVVLRQ+HDOWK&RQVXPHU3URWHFWLRQ'*'LUHFWRUDWH&3XEOLF+HDOWKDQG5LVN$VVHVVPHQW8QLW&5LVN
$VVHVVPHQW%UXVVHOV
%DOEXV -0 HW DO 0HHWLQJ 5HSRUW +D]DUG $VVHVVPHQW IRU 1DQRSDUWLFOHV 5HSRUW IURP DQ ,QWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\:RUNVKRS
Environmental Health PerspectivesS
.DQGOLNDU0HWDO+HDOWKULVNDVVHVVPHQWIRUQDQRSDUWLFOHV$FDVHIRUH[SHUWMXGJHPHQWJournal of Nanoparticle Research
S +DQG\552ZHQDQG(9DOVDPL-RQHV7KHHFRWR[LFRORJ\RIQDQRSDUWLFOHVDQGQDQRPDWHULDOVFXUUHQWVWDWXVNQRZOHGJH
JDSVFKDOOHQJHVDQGIXWXUHQHHGVEcotoxicologyS
6WRQH 9 HW DO (QJLQHHUHG 1DQRSDUWLFOHV 5HYLHZ RI +HDOWK DQG (QYLURQPHQWDO 6DIHW\ 3URMHFW )LQDO 5HSRUW
KWWSQPLMUFHFHXURSDHXSURMHFW(15+(6KWP>ODVWDFFHVVHG@
*ULHJHU.6)+DQVHQDQG%DXQ$7KHNQRZQXQNQRZQVRIQDQRPDWHULDOVGHVFULELQJDQGFKDUDFWHUL]LQJXQFHUWDLQW\ZLWKLQ
HQYLURQPHQWDOKHDOWKDQGVDIHW\ULVNVNanotoxicologyS
6&(1,+5 6FLHQWLF &RPPLWWHH RQ (PHUJLQJ DQG 1HZO\ ,GHQWLHG +HDOWK 5LVNVRisk assessment of products of
nanotechnologies(XURSHDQ&RPPLVVLRQ+HDOWK&RQVXPHU3URWHFWLRQ'*'LUHFWRUDWH&3XEOLF+HDOWKDQG5LVN
$VVHVVPHQW8QLW&5LVN$VVHVVPHQW%UXVVHOV
7DNHGD.HWDO1DQRSDUWLFOHVWUDQVIHUUHGIURPSUHJQDQWPLFHWRWKHLURIIVSULQJFDQGDPDJHJHQLWDODQGFUDQLDOQHUYHV\VWHPV
Journal of Health ScienceS
2EHUGRUVWHU*(2EHUGRUVWHUDQG-2EHUGRUVWHU1DQRWR[LFRORJ\$Q(PHUJLQJ'LVFLSOLQH(YROYLQJIURP6WXGLHVRI8OWUDQH
3DUWLFOHVEnvironmental Health PerspectivesS /RFNPDQ3/HW DO1DQRSDUWLFOH6XUIDFH&KDUJHV$OWHU%ORRG%UDLQ%DUULHU ,QWHJULW\DQG3HUPHDELOLW\Journal of Drug
TargetingS
%DXQ$ HWDO7R[LFLW\DQGELRDFFXPXODWLRQRI [HQRELRWLFRUJDQLFFRPSRXQGV LQ WKHSUHVHQFHRI DTXHRXVVXVSHQVLRQVRI
DJJUHJDWHVRIQDQR&Aquatic ToxicologyS
5&(35R\DO&RPPLVVLRQRQ(QYLURQPHQWDO3ROOXWLRQNovel Materials in the Environment: The case of nanotechnology
(GLQEXUJKKWWSZZZRIFLDOGRFXPHQWVJRYXNGRFXPHQWFPSGI>ODVWDFFHVVHG@
2(&' 7KH2UJDQLVDWLRQ IRU (FRQRPLF&RRSHUDWLRQ DQG'HYHORSPHQW2(&''DWDEDVH RQ5HVHDUFK LQWR WKH 6DIHW\ RI
0DQXIDFWXUHG1DQRPDWHULDOVKWWSZHEQHWRHFGRUJ1DQR0DWHULDOV3DJHOHW)URQW'HIDXOWDVS[>ODVWDFFHVVHG@
,&21 7KH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RXQFLO RQ 1DQRWHFKQRORJ\ (+6 'DWDEDVH KWWSLFRQULFHHGXUHVHDUFKFIP >ODVW DFFHVVHG
@
3(13URMHFWRQ(PHUJLQJ1DQRWHFKQRORJLHV(QYLURQPHQW+HDOWKDQG6DIHW\5HVHDUFK
KWWSZZZQDQRWHFKSURMHFWRUJLQYHQWRULHVHKV>ODVWDFFHVVHG@
*XLQHH -%HGHandbook on Life Cycle Assessment: Operational Guide to the ISO Standards .OXZHU$FDGHPLF3XEOLVKHUV6HFDXVXV
2(&'2UJDQLVDWLRQIRU(FRQRPLF&RRSHUDWLRQDQG'HYHORSPHQW6FLHQFHDQG7HFKQRORJ\3ROLF\1DQRWHFKQRORJ\ZZZ
RHFGRUJVWLQDQR>ODVWDFFHVVHG@
,62,QWHUQDWLRQDO2UJDQL]DWLRQIRU6WDQGDUGL]DWLRQ7&1DQRWHFKQRORJLHV
KWWSZZZLVRRUJLVRLVRBWHFKQLFDOBFRPPLWWHH"FRPPLG>ODVWDFFHVVHG@
0DQWRYDQL($3RUFDULDQG$$]]ROLQL6ynthesis report on codes of conduct, voluntary measures and practices towards a
responsible development of N&N,1DQR&RGHSURMHFWKWWSZZZQDQRFRGHHXOHVUHSRUWVQDQRFRGHQDQRFRGHSURMHFW
V\QWKHVLVUHSRUWSGI>ODVWDFFHVVHG@
(XURSHDQ&RPPLVVLRQCode of Conduct for Responsible Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies Research%UXVVHOVKWWS
HFHXURSDHXQDQRWHFKQRORJ\SGIQDQRFRGHUHFBSHFBHQSGI>ODVWDFFHVVHG@
3(13URMHFWRQ(PHUJLQJ1DQRWHFKQRORJLHV&RQVXPHU3URGXFWV$QLQYHQWRU\RIQDQRWHFKQRORJ\EDVHGFRQVXPHUSURGXFWV
FXUUHQWO\RQWKHPDUNHWKWWSZZZQDQRWHFKSURMHFWRUJLQYHQWRULHVFRQVXPHU>ODVWDFFHVVHG@
)HOW8DQG%:\QQHTaking European Knowledge Society Seriously2IFHIRU2IFLDO3XEOLFDWLRQVRIWKH(XURSHDQ&RPPXQLWLHV /X[HPERXUJ KWWSHFHXURSDHXUHVHDUFKVFLHQFHVRFLHW\GRFXPHQWBOLEUDU\SGIBHXURSHDQNQRZOHGJH
VRFLHW\BHQSGI>ODVWDFFHVVHG@
&KRLODVWDFFHVVHG
@
8L%7KH8QLYHUVLW\RI%HUJHQ7KH1DQRVFLHQFHSURJUDPPHDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI%HUJHQKWWSQDQRXLEQR>ODVWDFFHVVHG
*HQN%LRVDIHW\%ULHI_1DQRWKH(QYLURQPHQW
7/28/2019 Nano and the Environment: Potential Risks, Real Uncertainties & Urgent Issues
12/12
@
:LMQKRYHQ 6:3HWDO1DQRVLOYHU D UHYLHZ RIDYDLODEOH GDWD DQG NQRZOHGJH JDSV LQKXPDQDQG HQYLURQPHQWDO ULVN
DVVHVVPHQWNanotoxicologyS
6LOYHU6%DFWHULDOVLOYHUUHVLVWDQFHPROHFXODUELRORJ\DQGXVHVDQGPLVXVHVRIVLOYHUFRPSRXQGVFEMS Microbiology Reviews
S
)DXQFH71DQRVLOYHUDQGJOREDOSXEOLFKHDOWKLQWHUQDWLRQDOUHJXODWRU\LVVXHVNanomedicineS
&KHQ;DQG+-6FKOXHVHQHU1DQRVLOYHU$QDQRSURGXFWLQPHGLFDODSSOLFDWLRQToxicology Letters,S
$KDPHG0HWDO'1$GDPDJHUHVSRQVHWRGLIIHUHQWVXUIDFHFKHPLVWU\RIVLOYHUQDQRSDUWLFOHVLQPDPPDOLDQFHOOVToxicology
and Applied PharmacologyS
/XRPD616LOYHUNanotechnoloiges and The Environment: Old Problems or New Challenges7KH3HZ&KDULWDEOH7UXVWVDQGWKH:RRGURZ:LOVRQ,QWHUQDWLRQDO&HQWHUIRU6FKRODUV
+VLQODVWDFFHVVHG@
3RODQG&$HWDO&DUERQQDQRWXEHVLQWURGXFHGLQWR WKHDEGRPLQDOFDYLW\RIPLFHVKRZDVEHVWRVOLNHSDWKRJHQLFLW\LQDSLORW
VWXG\ Nature NanotechnologyS
0XOOHU-HWDO5HVSLUDWRU\WR[LFLW\RIPXOWLZDOOFDUERQQDQRWXEHVToxicology and Applied PharmacologyS
6KHGRYD$$HWDO8QXVXDOLQDPPDWRU\DQGEURJHQLFSXOPRQDU\UHVSRQVHVWR VLQJOHZDOOHGFDUERQQDQRWXEHVLQPLFH
American Journal of PhysiologyLung Cellular and Molecular Physiology,S
0D+RFN/HWDO,QKDODWLRQWR[LFLW\RIPXOWLZDOOFDUERQQDQRWXEHVLQUDWVH[SRVHGIRUWKUHHPRQWKV7R[LFRORJLFDO6FLHQFHV
S
7DNDJL$HWDO,QGXFWLRQRIPHVRWKHOLRPDLQSPRXVHE\LQWUDSHULWRQHDODSSOLFDWLRQRIPXOWLZDOOFDUERQQDQRWXEHVThe
Journal of Toxicological SciencesS
/DP&:HWDO3XOPRQDU\7R[LFLW\RI6LQJOH:DOO&DUERQ1DQRWXEHVLQ0LFHDQG'D\V$IWHU,QWUDWUDFKHDO,QVWLOODWLRQ
Toxicological Sciences S :DUKHLW'%HWDO&RPSDUDWLYH3XOPRQDU\7R[LFLW\$VVHVVPHQWRI 6LQJOHZDOO&DUERQ1DQRWXEHVLQ5DWVToxicological
Sciences S
6KHGRYD$HWDO([SRVXUHWR&DUERQ1DQRWXEH0DWHULDO$VVHVVPHQWRI1DQRWXEH&\WRWR[LFLW\XVLQJ+XPDQ.HUDWLQRF\WH
&HOOVJournal of Toxicology and Environmental HealthS
=KX/HWDO'1$'DPDJH,QGXFHGE\0XOWLZDOOHG&DUERQ1DQRWXEHVLQ0RXVH(PEU\RQLF6WHP&HOOVNano Letters
S
%HUJDPDVFKL(2FFXSDWLRQDOH[SRVXUHWRQDQRPDWHULDOVSUHVHQWNQRZOHGJHDQGIXWXUHGHYHORSPHQWNanotoxicology
S
0D\QDUG$HWDO([SRVXUHWRFDUERQQDQRWXEHPDWHULDO$HURVROUHOHDVHGXULQJWKHKDQGOLQJRIXQUHQHGVLQJOHZDOOHGFDUERQ
QDQRWXEHPDWHULDOJournal of Toxicology and Environmental HealthS
)R()ULHQGVRIWKH(DUWKNanotechnology, climate and energy: over-heated promises and hot air?
KWWSQDQRIRHRUJDXVLWHVGHIDXOWOHV1DQRWHFKQRORJ\FOLPDWHDQGHQHUJ\$XVWUDOLDZHESGI>ODVW
DFFHVVHG@ 3(13URMHFWRQ(PHUJLQJ1DQRWHFKQRORJLHV1DQRUHPHGLDWLRQ0DS
KWWSZZZQDQRWHFKSURMHFWRUJLQYHQWRULHVUHPHGLDWLRQBPDS>ODVWDFHVVHG@
=KDQJ:1DQRVFDOHLURQSDUWLFOHVIRUHQYLURQPHQWDOUHPHGLDWLRQ$QRYHUYLHZJournal of Nanoparticle ResearchS
.DUQ%7.XLNHQDQG02WWR1DQRWHFKQRORJ\DQG LQVLWX5HPHGLDWLRQ$5HYLHZRIWKH%HQHWVDQG3RWHQWLDO5LVNV
Environmental Health PerspectivesS
*ULHJHU.'HW DO(QYLURQPHQWDOEHQHWVDQG ULVNVRI]HURYDOHQW LURQQDQRSDUWLFOHVQ=9,IRU LQVLWX UHPHGLDWLRQ5LVN
PLWLJDWLRQRUWUDGHRII"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology9ROXPHS
7UDWQ\HN3*DQG5/-RKQVRQ1DQRWHFKQRORJLHVIRUHQYLURQPHQWDOFOHDQXSNanotodayS
(O7HPVDK