Post on 12-Jan-2016
Naming Chemical Compounds
Naming Ions
What are ions? Atom that has gained or lost electrons
Cations? Atom that has lost electrons. (+ charge)
Anions? Atom that has gained electrons. (- charge)
Cations and Anions are named differently.
Naming Cations
Which elements on the periodic table are cations? (have a positive charge?) Elements on the left side
Which Groups? 1A, 2A, 3A
For all Cations (Elements in groups 1A, 2A, 3A) you add the work ion after the elemental name.
Naming Cation examples
Na1+
Sodium ion Al3+
Aluminum ion Ca2+
Calcium ion
Naming Anions
Which elements on the periodic table are anions? (have a negative charge?) Elements on the right side
Which Groups? 5A, 6A, 7A
For all anions you add the suffix (ide) at the end of the root of each elemental name. Flourine (F-1) is called Flouride
Naming Anions Example
Chlorine (Cl1-) Chloride
Sulfur (S2-) Sulfide
Nitrogen (N3-) Nitride
Naming Transition Metals
Where are the Transition metals located? Many Transition metals for more than one ion
Fe2+, Fe3+, Cu+, Cu2+
Thus, when naming transition metals signify the number of electrons gained or lost after the elements name.
Example: Fe2+ and Fe3+ becomes… Iron (II) ion and Iron (III) ion
Naming Transition Metals Examples
Tin (Sn2+) Tin (II) ion
Tin (Sn4+) Tin (IIII) ion
Manganese (Mn2+) Manganese (II) ion
Manganese (Mn3+) Manganese (III) ion
Monatomic Ions
Monatomic Ions consist of a single atom with a positive or negative charge.
All ions we have studied up to this point have been Monatomic Ions
Now we will begin looking at Polyatomic ions.
Polyatomic Ions
If monatomic ions are single atoms. Polyatomic ions are….? Polyatomic ions are composed of more than
one atom.
Examples of Polyatomic Ions
Examples: Sulfur and Oxygen combine to form… SO4
2-
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen form… C2H3O2
1-
These polyatomic ions are tightly connected and behave like 1 element. Tough to separate them.
Naming Polyatomic Ions
Most polyatomic ions end in ite or ate. Luckily we do not need to memorize rules for
these. You will be given a list of popular polyatomic
and monatomic ions that will guide you for the rest of the year.
Practice Problems
Answer the questions in your lab notebook Monatomic Ion Naming practice: For each question indicate the name of the ion
and whether each is a cation or anion. 1.Sodium 7.Chlorine 2.Calcium 8.Sulfur 3.Bromine 9.Oxygen 4.Potassium 10.Lithium 5.Iodine 11.Beryllium
Binary Ionic Compounds
Compounds? Compounds are substances made up of 2 or
more elements A Binary Ionic Compound is a substance
made up of 2 ionic elements. Examples:
NaCl Li2O BaS
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
To name any Binary Ionic Compound you place the name of the cation first, followed by the anion. NaCl
Sodium Chloride Li2O
Lithium Oxide BaS
Barium Sulfide CuO
Coppper (II) Oxide Fe2O3
Iron (III) Oxide CaS
Calcium Sulfide
Writing Binary Ionic Compound Formulas Copper (I) Sulfide, What is its chemical formula? Use The Criss Cross Method
Copper (I) = Cu1+ Sulfide = Cation Written first: Anion Second Cu1+ S2-
Criss Cross the charges to the other element Cu1+ S2- Becomes Cu2S
Examples on Board…
Naming Binary Compounds With Polyatomic Ions The same as before… State the name of the cation first and then the
name of the anion. LiCN
Lithium Cyanide NaClO
Sodium Hypochlorite
AgNO3
Silver Nitrate
Writing Formulas for Polyatomic Ions
It is the exact same as before! Criss Cross Method! Cation is written first and Anion second
Calcium = Ca2+ Acetate = C2H3O21-
Ca2+ C2H3O21-
Then criss cross the charges Ca1C2H3O22
Add parentheses. 2 acetate ions not 22 Oxygens Ca(C2H3O2)2
Examples on the Board
Practice!!!!
Either name the compound or write the chemical formula for the compound.
1. CaCl22. Sodium Hydroxide3. MgSO4
4. Magnesium Sulfate5. Cr(NO3)3
6. Cesium Sulfide7. NaCl8. Sodium Iodide9. NaClO4
10. Magnesium Hydroxide
Quiz
Write the name or formula for the following compounds.1. Cesium Sulfide2. NaCl3. Sodium Iodide4. NaClO4
5. Magnesium Hydroxide6. Magnesium SulfateWrite the name for the following ions.1. Sodium2. Chlorine3. Calcium4. Sulfur
Binary Molecular Compounds
Binary Molecular Compounds are compounds made up of 2 or more nonmetals.
What type of bond is typically bonded between 2 nonmetals? Covalent bond.
Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
Use the prefixes stated below. 1 atom = mono- 2 atom = Di- 3 atom = Tri- 4 atom = Tetra- 5 atom = Penta- 6 atom = Hexa- 7 atom = Hepta- 8 atom = Octa- 9 atom = Nona- 10 atom = Deca-
Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
N2O 2 Nitrogens 1 Oxygen Prefix for 2 and 1?
Di and Mono Put the di in front of Nitrogen
Dinitrogen Put the mono in front of oxygen and add ide
Monoxide Put the 2 together.
Dinitrogen Monoxide
Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
P2O3
2 Phosphorous 3 Oxygen Prefix for 2 and ?
Di and Tri Put the di in front of Phosphorous
Diphosphorous Put the tri in front of oxygen and add ide
Trioxide Put the 2 together.
Diphosphorous Trioxide
Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
CO Monocarbon Monoxide? NOPE!!! When there is one atom of the first element
you drop the mono Carbon Monoxide
CO2
Carbon Dioxide
Writing formulas for Binary Molecular Compounds To write formulas for these compounds you
use the prefix in the name to tell you the element’s subscript.
Carbon Tetrabromide 1 carbon 4 bromines. Use them as subscripts. CBr4
Chlorine Triflouride 1 Chlorine and 3 Flourides ClF3
Practice
1. NI3
2. BCl33. N2O3
4. Cl2O7
5. Silicon Tetraflouride
6. Carbon Tetrachloride
7. Iodine Dioxide
Naming Acids
Name of the anion ends in ide the acid names begins with hydro and then ends in ic. Followed by the work acid. HCl – Hydrogen Chloride Hydrochloric acid
Name of the anion ends in ite, change the ite to ous followed by the word acid. H2SO4 - Hydrogen Sulfite Sulfurous acid
Name of the anion ends in ate, change the ate to a ic followed by the word acid. HNO3 – Hydrogen Nitrate Nitric acid
Naming Acids
Naming common Acids
Anion Ending
Example Acid Name Example
-ideChloride, Cl- Hydro-(stem)-ic acid Hydrochloric
acid
-iteSulfite, SO3
2- (stem)-ous acid Sulfurous Acid
-ateNitrate, NO3
- (stem)-ic Nitric Acid
Writing Formulas for Acids
Use the reverse rules for writing formulas Hydrobromic Acid
Hydro in front and ic at end. = anion ends in ide Must be Hydrogen and Bromide ions HBr
Phosphourus Acid ous ending means = anions ends in ite Must be Hydrogen and Phosphite ions H3PO4
Formic Acid Ic ending means = anion ends in ate Must be Hydrogen and Formate ions HCOOH
Names and Formulas for Bases
Same as other ionic compounds Name of cation followed by name of anion NaOH
Sodium Hydroxide Formulas use the Criss Cross Method Aluminum Hydroxide
Al 3+ OH1-
Al(OH)3
Practice
In your lab notebook write the name of the acid or base. Or write the formula of the acid or Base.
1. HNO2
2. HCN
3. HMnO4
4. H2S5. Carbonic Acid6. Sulfurous Acid7. Iron (III) Hydroxide8. Strontium Hydroxide9. LiOH
10. Mg(OH)2
11. Pb(OH)2