Naming Chemical Compounds

Naming Ions

What are ions? Atom that has gained or lost electrons

Cations? Atom that has lost electrons. (+ charge)

Anions? Atom that has gained electrons. (- charge)

Cations and Anions are named differently.

Naming Cations

Which elements on the periodic table are cations? (have a positive charge?) Elements on the left side

Which Groups? 1A, 2A, 3A

For all Cations (Elements in groups 1A, 2A, 3A) you add the work ion after the elemental name.

Naming Cation examples

Na1+

Sodium ion Al3+

Aluminum ion Ca2+

Calcium ion

Naming Anions

Which elements on the periodic table are anions? (have a negative charge?) Elements on the right side

Which Groups? 5A, 6A, 7A

For all anions you add the suffix (ide) at the end of the root of each elemental name. Flourine (F-1) is called Flouride

Naming Anions Example

Chlorine (Cl1-) Chloride

Sulfur (S2-) Sulfide

Nitrogen (N3-) Nitride

Naming Transition Metals

Where are the Transition metals located? Many Transition metals for more than one ion

Fe2+, Fe3+, Cu+, Cu2+

Thus, when naming transition metals signify the number of electrons gained or lost after the elements name.

Example: Fe2+ and Fe3+ becomes… Iron (II) ion and Iron (III) ion

Naming Transition Metals Examples

Tin (Sn2+) Tin (II) ion

Tin (Sn4+) Tin (IIII) ion

Manganese (Mn2+) Manganese (II) ion

Manganese (Mn3+) Manganese (III) ion

Monatomic Ions

Monatomic Ions consist of a single atom with a positive or negative charge.

All ions we have studied up to this point have been Monatomic Ions

Now we will begin looking at Polyatomic ions.

Polyatomic Ions

If monatomic ions are single atoms. Polyatomic ions are….? Polyatomic ions are composed of more than

one atom.

Examples of Polyatomic Ions

Examples: Sulfur and Oxygen combine to form… SO4

2-

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen form… C2H3O2

1-

These polyatomic ions are tightly connected and behave like 1 element. Tough to separate them.

Naming Polyatomic Ions

Most polyatomic ions end in ite or ate. Luckily we do not need to memorize rules for

these. You will be given a list of popular polyatomic

and monatomic ions that will guide you for the rest of the year.

Practice Problems

Answer the questions in your lab notebook Monatomic Ion Naming practice: For each question indicate the name of the ion

and whether each is a cation or anion. 1.Sodium 7.Chlorine 2.Calcium 8.Sulfur 3.Bromine 9.Oxygen 4.Potassium 10.Lithium 5.Iodine 11.Beryllium

Binary Ionic Compounds

Compounds? Compounds are substances made up of 2 or

more elements A Binary Ionic Compound is a substance

made up of 2 ionic elements. Examples:

NaCl Li2O BaS

Naming Binary Ionic Compounds

To name any Binary Ionic Compound you place the name of the cation first, followed by the anion. NaCl

Sodium Chloride Li2O

Lithium Oxide BaS

Barium Sulfide CuO

Coppper (II) Oxide Fe2O3

Iron (III) Oxide CaS

Calcium Sulfide

Writing Binary Ionic Compound Formulas Copper (I) Sulfide, What is its chemical formula? Use The Criss Cross Method

Copper (I) = Cu1+ Sulfide = Cation Written first: Anion Second Cu1+ S2-

Criss Cross the charges to the other element Cu1+ S2- Becomes Cu2S

Examples on Board…

Naming Binary Compounds With Polyatomic Ions The same as before… State the name of the cation first and then the

name of the anion. LiCN

Lithium Cyanide NaClO

Sodium Hypochlorite

AgNO3

Silver Nitrate

Writing Formulas for Polyatomic Ions

It is the exact same as before! Criss Cross Method! Cation is written first and Anion second

Calcium = Ca2+ Acetate = C2H3O21-

Ca2+ C2H3O21-

Then criss cross the charges Ca1C2H3O22

Add parentheses. 2 acetate ions not 22 Oxygens Ca(C2H3O2)2

Examples on the Board

Practice!!!!

Either name the compound or write the chemical formula for the compound.

1. CaCl22. Sodium Hydroxide3. MgSO4

4. Magnesium Sulfate5. Cr(NO3)3

6. Cesium Sulfide7. NaCl8. Sodium Iodide9. NaClO4

10. Magnesium Hydroxide

Quiz

Write the name or formula for the following compounds.1. Cesium Sulfide2. NaCl3. Sodium Iodide4. NaClO4

5. Magnesium Hydroxide6. Magnesium SulfateWrite the name for the following ions.1. Sodium2. Chlorine3. Calcium4. Sulfur

Binary Molecular Compounds

Binary Molecular Compounds are compounds made up of 2 or more nonmetals.

What type of bond is typically bonded between 2 nonmetals? Covalent bond.

Naming Binary Molecular Compounds

Use the prefixes stated below. 1 atom = mono- 2 atom = Di- 3 atom = Tri- 4 atom = Tetra- 5 atom = Penta- 6 atom = Hexa- 7 atom = Hepta- 8 atom = Octa- 9 atom = Nona- 10 atom = Deca-

Naming Binary Molecular Compounds

N2O 2 Nitrogens 1 Oxygen Prefix for 2 and 1?

Di and Mono Put the di in front of Nitrogen

Dinitrogen Put the mono in front of oxygen and add ide

Monoxide Put the 2 together.

Dinitrogen Monoxide

Naming Binary Molecular Compounds

P2O3

2 Phosphorous 3 Oxygen Prefix for 2 and ?

Di and Tri Put the di in front of Phosphorous

Diphosphorous Put the tri in front of oxygen and add ide

Trioxide Put the 2 together.

Diphosphorous Trioxide

Naming Binary Molecular Compounds

CO Monocarbon Monoxide? NOPE!!! When there is one atom of the first element

you drop the mono Carbon Monoxide

CO2

Carbon Dioxide

Writing formulas for Binary Molecular Compounds To write formulas for these compounds you

use the prefix in the name to tell you the element’s subscript.

Carbon Tetrabromide 1 carbon 4 bromines. Use them as subscripts. CBr4

Chlorine Triflouride 1 Chlorine and 3 Flourides ClF3

Practice

1. NI3

2. BCl33. N2O3

4. Cl2O7

5. Silicon Tetraflouride

6. Carbon Tetrachloride

7. Iodine Dioxide

Naming Acids

Name of the anion ends in ide the acid names begins with hydro and then ends in ic. Followed by the work acid. HCl – Hydrogen Chloride Hydrochloric acid

Name of the anion ends in ite, change the ite to ous followed by the word acid. H2SO4 - Hydrogen Sulfite Sulfurous acid

Name of the anion ends in ate, change the ate to a ic followed by the word acid. HNO3 – Hydrogen Nitrate Nitric acid

Naming Acids

Naming common Acids

Anion Ending

Example Acid Name Example

-ideChloride, Cl- Hydro-(stem)-ic acid Hydrochloric

acid

-iteSulfite, SO3

2- (stem)-ous acid Sulfurous Acid

-ateNitrate, NO3

- (stem)-ic Nitric Acid

Writing Formulas for Acids

Use the reverse rules for writing formulas Hydrobromic Acid

Hydro in front and ic at end. = anion ends in ide Must be Hydrogen and Bromide ions HBr

Phosphourus Acid ous ending means = anions ends in ite Must be Hydrogen and Phosphite ions H3PO4

Formic Acid Ic ending means = anion ends in ate Must be Hydrogen and Formate ions HCOOH

Names and Formulas for Bases

Same as other ionic compounds Name of cation followed by name of anion NaOH

Sodium Hydroxide Formulas use the Criss Cross Method Aluminum Hydroxide

Al 3+ OH1-

Al(OH)3

Practice

In your lab notebook write the name of the acid or base. Or write the formula of the acid or Base.

1. HNO2

2. HCN

3. HMnO4

4. H2S5. Carbonic Acid6. Sulfurous Acid7. Iron (III) Hydroxide8. Strontium Hydroxide9. LiOH

10. Mg(OH)2

11. Pb(OH)2