Post on 10-Apr-2018
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Muscular System
Upper ExtremityReynaldo V. Lopez, M.D.
Senior Lecturer, Department ofAnatomy
AUF School of Medicine
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Muscles that Move the
Shoulder GirdleThree joints contribute to the movements of
the shoulder girdle. They are the:
1. Sternoclavicular joint - between theclavicle & the manubrium of the sternum
2. Acromioclavicular joint- between theacromion of the scapula & the clavicle
3. Scapulothoracic Joint- between thesubscapularis & serratus anterior muscles
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Muscles that Move the
Shoulder Girdle
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Muscles that Move the
Shoulder Girdle
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Muscles that Move the
Shoulder Girdle
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Muscles that Move the
Shoulder Girdle
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Muscles that Move the
Humerus at the Shoulder Joint
The shoulder joint has 3 axes of rotation,
resulting in:1. Flexion & extension
2. Abduction & adduction
3. Medial & lateral rotation A combination of all these movements in
succession is circumduction.
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Muscles that Move the
Humerus at the Shoulder Joint
The four SITS
muscles arethe:
1. Supraspinatus
2. Infraspinatus3. Teres minor
4. Subscapularis
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Muscles that Move the
Humerus at the Shoulder Joint
The four SITS musclesare located adjacentto the articularcapsule of the joint.
Their tendons (alsocalled the rotator cuff)
prevent instability &dislocations in anotherwise potentiallyunstable joint.
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Muscles that Move the
Humerus at the Shoulder Joint
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Muscles that Move the
Humerus at the Shoulder Joint
The flexors of the
shoulder are the:1. Pectoralis major
(clavicular head)
2. Deltoid (clavicularpart)
3. Coracobrachialis
4. Biceps brachii
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Muscles that Move the
Humerus at the Shoulder Joint
The extensors include
the:1. Latissimus dorsi
2. Teres major
3. Pectoralis major(sternal head)
4. Deltoid (spinous part)
5. Triceps brachii (long
head)
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Muscles that Move the
Humerus at the Shoulder Joint
The abductors are:
1. Supraspinatus2. Deltoid (acromial part)
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Muscles that Move the
Humerus at the Shoulder JointThe adductors are:1. Pectoralis major (both
heads)
2. Latissimus dorsi3. Teres major4. Coracobrachialis5. Triceps brachii (long head)
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Muscles that Move the
Humerus at the Shoulder Joint
The lateral rotatorsare the:
1. Infraspinatus2. Teres minor3. Deltoid (spinous
part)
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Muscles that Move the
Humerus at the Shoulder JointThe medial rotators are:1. Pectoralis major (both
heads)
2. Teres major3. Latissimus dorsi4. Subscapularis5. Deltoid (clavicular part
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Muscles that Move the
Humerus at the Shoulder Joint
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Muscles that Move the
Forearm & Wrist
At the one-axis elbow
joint, flexion &extension are theonly movements.
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Muscles that Move the
Forearm & Wrist
The flexors of the joint
are the:1. Biceps brachii
2. Brachialis
3. Brachioradialis
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Muscles that Move the
Forearm & Wrist
The extensors of theelbow joint arethe:
1. Triceps brachii
2. Anconeus
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Muscles that Move the
Forearm & Wrist
At the proximal & distal
radio-ulnar joints,pronation &supination are theonly movements.
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Muscles that Move the
Forearm & Wrist
The pronators are the:
1. Pronator teres
2. Pronator quadratus
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Muscles that Move the
Forearm & Wrist
The supinators of the
joint are the:1. Supinator
2. Biceps brachii
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Muscles that Move the
Forearm & Wrist
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Muscles that Move the
Forearm & Wrist
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Muscles that Move the
Forearm & Wrist
The wrist joints includethe:
1. Radiocarpal joint(between the radius &proximal row of bones)
2. Midcarpal joint(between the proximal& distal rows of carpalbones)
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Muscles that Move the
Forearm & Wrist
Most of the movements occur at the
radiocarpal joint. Slight amount of flexion & extension
occurs at the midcarpal joint.
There is no movement between the distalcarpal bones & the metacarpals.
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Muscles that Move the
Forearm & WristThe radiocarpal joint is
where these
movements occur:1. Flexion & extension
(& hyperextension)
2. Abduction (radial
deviation)
3. Adduction (ulnardeviation)
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Muscles that Move the
Forearm & Wrist
The flexor muscles ofthe wrist are the:
1. Flexor carpi ulnaris
2.
Flexor carpi radialis3. Palmaris longus
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Muscles that Move the
Forearm & WristThe abductor muscles
are the:
1. Flexor carpi radialis
2. Extensor carpiradialis longus &brevis
3. Abductor pollicislongus
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Muscles that Move the
Forearm & Wrist
The adductor musclesare the:
1. Extensor carpiulnaris
2. Flexor carpi ulnaris
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Muscles that Move the
Forearm & Wrist
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Muscles that Move the Thumb
The movements of thethumb takes placeat the:
1. Carpometacarpaljoint(which is a
saddle joint)2. Two hinge joints
(involving thephalanx)
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Muscles that Move the ThumbMovements at the saddle joint includes:
1. Flexion & extension
2. Abduction & Adduction
3. Opposition & reposition
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Muscles that Move the Thumb
The muscular mound atthe base of thethumb, the thenareminence, is formedby these muscles:
1. Abductor pollicisbrevis
2. Flexor pollicis brevis
3. Opponens pollicis
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Muscles that Move the ThumbAt the CMP joint:1. Flexor - Flexor
pollicis brevis2. Extensors
Extensor pollicislongus
Extensor pollicisbrevisAbductor pollicislongus
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Muscles that Move the ThumbAt the CMP joint:3. Adductor -
Adductor pollicis4. Opposition
Opponens pollicis5. Reposition
Abductor pollicislongusExtensor pollicislongus & brevis
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Muscles that Move the ThumbEach finger has 3 joints:
1. Metacarpophalangeal (MCP)
joint(between themetacarpal & phalanges)
2. Proximal interphalangeal(PIP) joint(between theproximal & middle
phalanges)3. Distal interphalangeal (DIP)
joint(between the middle &distal phalanges)
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Muscles that Move the FingersAt the MCP joint:1. Flexors 7 Interosseus muscles & 4 Lumbrical
muscles
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Muscles that Move the Fingers
At the MCP joint:
2.
Extensors Extensor digitorumcommunis
Extensor digitorum
indicisExtensor digitorumminimus
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Muscles that Move the Fingers
At the MCP joint:
3. Abductors Dorsal interossei
Abductor digiti
minimi
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Muscles that Move the Fingers
At the MCP joint:
4. Adductors Palmar interossei
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Muscles that Move the Fingers
At the IP joints:
1.
Flexor of PIP joint Flexor digitorumsuperficialis
Flexor digitorum
profundusFlexor of DIP joint
Flexor digitorumprofundus
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Muscles that Move the Fingers
At the IP joints:
2. Flexor of DIPjoint
Flexor digitorum
profundus
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Muscles that Move the FingersAt the IP joints:
2. Extensors of PIP & DIP joints
Interossei & Lumbricals
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Muscles that Move the Fingers
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Muscles that Move the FingersThe little finger is
associated with the
hypothenareminence, formed bythese muscles:
1. Abductor digiti
minimi2. Flexor digiti minimi
3. Opponens digiti
minimi
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Muscles that Move the Fingers