Muscular System of Upper Extemity

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Muscular System

Upper ExtremityReynaldo V. Lopez, M.D.

Senior Lecturer, Department ofAnatomy

AUF School of Medicine


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Muscles that Move the

Shoulder GirdleThree joints contribute to the movements of

the shoulder girdle. They are the:

1. Sternoclavicular joint - between theclavicle & the manubrium of the sternum

2. Acromioclavicular joint- between theacromion of the scapula & the clavicle

3. Scapulothoracic Joint- between thesubscapularis & serratus anterior muscles


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Shoulder Girdle


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Shoulder Girdle


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Shoulder Girdle


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Shoulder Girdle


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Humerus at the Shoulder Joint

The shoulder joint has 3 axes of rotation,

resulting in:1. Flexion & extension

2. Abduction & adduction

3. Medial & lateral rotation A combination of all these movements in

succession is circumduction.


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The four SITS

muscles arethe:

1. Supraspinatus

2. Infraspinatus3. Teres minor

4. Subscapularis


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The four SITS musclesare located adjacentto the articularcapsule of the joint.

Their tendons (alsocalled the rotator cuff)

prevent instability &dislocations in anotherwise potentiallyunstable joint.


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The flexors of the

shoulder are the:1. Pectoralis major

(clavicular head)

2. Deltoid (clavicularpart)

3. Coracobrachialis

4. Biceps brachii


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The extensors include

the:1. Latissimus dorsi

2. Teres major

3. Pectoralis major(sternal head)

4. Deltoid (spinous part)

5. Triceps brachii (long

head)


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The abductors are:

1. Supraspinatus2. Deltoid (acromial part)


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Humerus at the Shoulder JointThe adductors are:1. Pectoralis major (both

heads)

2. Latissimus dorsi3. Teres major4. Coracobrachialis5. Triceps brachii (long head)


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The lateral rotatorsare the:

1. Infraspinatus2. Teres minor3. Deltoid (spinous

part)


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Humerus at the Shoulder JointThe medial rotators are:1. Pectoralis major (both

heads)

2. Teres major3. Latissimus dorsi4. Subscapularis5. Deltoid (clavicular part


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Forearm & Wrist

At the one-axis elbow

joint, flexion &extension are theonly movements.


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Forearm & Wrist

The flexors of the joint

are the:1. Biceps brachii

2. Brachialis

3. Brachioradialis


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Forearm & Wrist

The extensors of theelbow joint arethe:

1. Triceps brachii

2. Anconeus


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Forearm & Wrist

At the proximal & distal

radio-ulnar joints,pronation &supination are theonly movements.


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Forearm & Wrist

The pronators are the:

1. Pronator teres

2. Pronator quadratus


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Forearm & Wrist

The supinators of the

joint are the:1. Supinator

2. Biceps brachii


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Forearm & Wrist


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Forearm & Wrist


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Forearm & Wrist

The wrist joints includethe:

1. Radiocarpal joint(between the radius &proximal row of bones)

2. Midcarpal joint(between the proximal& distal rows of carpalbones)


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Forearm & Wrist

Most of the movements occur at the

radiocarpal joint. Slight amount of flexion & extension

occurs at the midcarpal joint.

There is no movement between the distalcarpal bones & the metacarpals.


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Forearm & WristThe radiocarpal joint is

where these

movements occur:1. Flexion & extension

(& hyperextension)

2. Abduction (radial

deviation)

3. Adduction (ulnardeviation)


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Forearm & Wrist

The flexor muscles ofthe wrist are the:

1. Flexor carpi ulnaris

2.

Flexor carpi radialis3. Palmaris longus


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Forearm & WristThe abductor muscles

are the:

1. Flexor carpi radialis

2. Extensor carpiradialis longus &brevis

3. Abductor pollicislongus


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Forearm & Wrist

The adductor musclesare the:

1. Extensor carpiulnaris

2. Flexor carpi ulnaris


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Forearm & Wrist


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Muscles that Move the Thumb

The movements of thethumb takes placeat the:

1. Carpometacarpaljoint(which is a

saddle joint)2. Two hinge joints

(involving thephalanx)


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Muscles that Move the ThumbMovements at the saddle joint includes:

1. Flexion & extension

2. Abduction & Adduction

3. Opposition & reposition


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Muscles that Move the Thumb

The muscular mound atthe base of thethumb, the thenareminence, is formedby these muscles:

1. Abductor pollicisbrevis

2. Flexor pollicis brevis

3. Opponens pollicis


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Muscles that Move the ThumbAt the CMP joint:1. Flexor - Flexor

pollicis brevis2. Extensors

Extensor pollicislongus

Extensor pollicisbrevisAbductor pollicislongus


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Muscles that Move the ThumbAt the CMP joint:3. Adductor -

Adductor pollicis4. Opposition

Opponens pollicis5. Reposition

Abductor pollicislongusExtensor pollicislongus & brevis


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Muscles that Move the ThumbEach finger has 3 joints:

1. Metacarpophalangeal (MCP)

joint(between themetacarpal & phalanges)

2. Proximal interphalangeal(PIP) joint(between theproximal & middle

phalanges)3. Distal interphalangeal (DIP)

joint(between the middle &distal phalanges)


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Muscles that Move the FingersAt the MCP joint:1. Flexors 7 Interosseus muscles & 4 Lumbrical

muscles


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Muscles that Move the Fingers

At the MCP joint:

2.

Extensors Extensor digitorumcommunis

Extensor digitorum

indicisExtensor digitorumminimus


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At the MCP joint:

3. Abductors Dorsal interossei

Abductor digiti

minimi


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At the MCP joint:

4. Adductors Palmar interossei


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At the IP joints:

1.

Flexor of PIP joint Flexor digitorumsuperficialis

Flexor digitorum

profundusFlexor of DIP joint

Flexor digitorumprofundus


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At the IP joints:

2. Flexor of DIPjoint

Flexor digitorum

profundus


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Muscles that Move the FingersAt the IP joints:

2. Extensors of PIP & DIP joints

Interossei & Lumbricals


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Muscles that Move the FingersThe little finger is

associated with the

hypothenareminence, formed bythese muscles:

1. Abductor digiti

minimi2. Flexor digiti minimi

3. Opponens digiti

minimi


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Muscular System of Upper Extemity

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