Post on 28-Mar-2015
MODULE TWO:Supply-side Grey Literature
GreyWorks 2010 Transparency Governs the Grey Landscape
Motive for Publishing - Question • In general, What are your objectives when
publishing your research output ?
Ranking Motive of Publishing Rate(%)
1 Requirements of their affiliations
65.2%
2 For their academic reputation 61.2%
3 To communicate results to my peers
52.0%
4 To obtain the direct financial reward
19.2%
Hwang et al., GL7 - Publishing
Author Survey 2005Author Survey 2005
Also via a Commercial PublisherPublished on other topics than GL
Farace et al., GL7 – Author/Researcher
Implementing DAI in The NetherlandsDigital Author Identifier
• Co-operation of all Dutch universities, KNAW and NWO
• Creating a thesaurus of author names with corresponding DAI within the OCLC-PICA system
• Matching DAI and author names in all three research related information systems (NOD; EASY; repositories)
• 40,000 unique author names with DAI’s
4
Dijk et al., GL9 – Author (Stakeholder)
Consistent
branding across all
series
Green, GL7 – Corporate Author
Publishing Recommendations Sent to GESAMP
• Emphasize the acronym GESAMP• Establish a standardized name for the series• Ensure that each title is consistently applied• Obtain a new ISSN with each name change• Always include an ISBN, along with the ISSN• Distribute reports widely• Send copies of reports to indexing agencies
McDonald et al., DAL GL5 - Publishing
Publishing Recommendations Sent to GESAMP (cont.)
• Outline the peer review process in each report
• Consider establishing two series
• Give greater attention to translation of the reports
• Keep the website up to date
• Continue creating digital versions of older reports
• Centralize publication and distribution of the reports
McDonald et al., DAL GL5 - Publishing
Value chain
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1. author 2. publisher3. reviewer4. publisher
5. Agent 6. university7. Library 8. Reader
1:2:3:4:
5:6:7:8:
reviewer publisher
agentuniversitylibraryreader
Roosendaal, (UTwente) GL5 - Publishing
Ideally?
1 8
1. author
8. reader
1:2:3:4:
5:6:7:8:
authorpublisherreviewer publisher
agentuniversitylibraryreader
Roosendaal, (UTwente) GL5 - Publishing
Conclusions
• develop and test new value chains– university should take initiative
• international development in education – new conditions
• main issue: how can we get this done?– not technological, but organisational issue– high level strategy
Roosendaal, (UTwente) GL5 - Publishing
The role of grey literature• Each activity in the processes is associated with the production
and consumption of grey literature
– Plans
– Deliverables
– Technical Reports
– Formal project management documents
– …
• Data generated in science is also “GL”
– Need to maintain metadata
– Establish links to publications
Lambert et al., GL7 - Production
65.4%
89.3% Produce Grey Information
n=56
80.8%
76.9%
Proceedings
Trip/Cave Reports
Information Type %
Conference Proceedings/Papers 80.8
Trip & Cave Reports 76.9
Speeches or Invited Talks 65.4
Images 65.4
Maps 61.5
Research Proposals 57.7
Theses/Dissertations 53.8
Association/Organization Publications
48.1
Newsletters 46.2
Cave Entrance Databases 44.2
Grant Applications 44.2
Most Commonly Produced Grey Information Types
Top Four Grey Information Sources
Karst Information Portal
Images
Speeches/Invited Talks
+
Chavez et al., GL8 - Publication
Grey to white
85%
15%
Published in white one to four years later
No direct relation to white publications
grey
white
Schopfel, GL9 – Publication (Language)
Language of white and grey
95% 5% 64%36%
English
Flemish, French English
White literatureGrey literature
Schopfel, GL9 – Publication (Language)
Features of grey literature• Timeliness:
Up to 4 years before white publication
• Uniqueness: Up to 85% not published in white
• Community: One third in Flemish or French
• Quality: More than 60% evaluated before publishing
• Open repositories: Need future development
Schopfel, GL9 – Publication (Language)
Who writes in English and why?• Sources : Introductions, Acknowledgements, title pages, Curriculum
vitae
• Difficult language, e.g. Finnish• Foreign student
– Thesis submitted to 2 universities– Accessible to readers in both countries
• Search conducted in a foreign country or participation in an international project
• Certain scientific domains : Physics, Biology, MedicineStock,
GL9 – Publication (Language)
Standardization
Supply-side
• Productione.g. review process, typographical layout
• Processing e.g. metadata, value added information and data
• Access and Distributione.g. search engines, document delivery, point of sales
Farace – General
GREY LITERATURE:Old virtues and new look to enter the realm of science!
Unique contentOriginal information Not for profit production
Pleasant layout Online availability
Easy retrieval
(content)
(form)
OLD VIRTUES
NEW LOOK
De Castro et al., GL7 - Standards
Analysis of GL in the changing context (3)
How can the profile of GL be raised?
in Europe NANCY STYLEin USA ANSI/NISO standard Z39.18-2005
adhering to well-developed production standards:
HOW?
INTERNAL advance among GL producers
enhancing public awareness of GL
EXTERNAL advance in the information landscape
HOW?
De Castro et al., GL8 - Standards
Accomplished by taxonomic structure
• Refine reasoning abilities
• Develop stronger arguments
• Communicate complex cases
• Produce better documents
• Make better decisions
Gelfand, GL8 - Classification
Applications for taxonomies
• Web directories • Taxonomies to support automatic indexing • Taxonomies created by automatic
categorization • Front end filters for corporate taxonomies
Gelfand, GL8 - Classification
OECD Metadata is the key
• Task 1: analyse the current WPs (Working Papers) to identify metadata fields on current papers
• Task 2: add additional fields as needed (- we finished with 19!)
• Task 3: Sign off metadata fields so a database can be built
• Task 4: QA existing metadata, get numbering sorted!• Task 5: Fill the database with metadata• Task 6: QA the filled database
Green, GL7 - Metadata
Specific metadata
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
no specific GL metadata specific GL metadata
66% of all archives
Schopfel et al., GL10 - Metadata
Global political economy of the distribution of information
Free marketDemand and supplyIntellectual propertyCommodity
Common good
education health info Basic rights
Large scale productionMonopoliesExternalitiesParticipation“The mind industry has become the key
industry of the twentieth century” (Enzensberger, 1976)
Britz et al., GL5 – Ownership
Indigenous Knowledge (IK)
private property; goods produced for sale – not personal use; surplus production; economic growth; currency system; competition, nature reviewed as resource
Incompatible
No private ownership; goods produce for use value; substance goal; no concept of economic growth; barter system-concrete value, collective production; humans seenas part of nature
Britz et al., GL5 – Ownership
Conclusion
IK can make a valuable contribution to the body of knowledge in the world
Currently: white, grey, black
Change: paradigm shift, education, distribution
Guided by justice
Britz et al., GL5 – Ownership
Copyright PoliciesIf a working paper is published in a journal—either in the same form
or, more commonly, in revised form—many journals allow the
working paper to continue to be made available, especially when it
is for educational/scholarly noncommercial use. Unfortunately, some
journals do require that the working paper be removed. Others grant
exceptions for something like the eScholarship Repository; they just
need to be asked. It is up to the faculty member to check the terms
of their agreement with the journal to see what is allowed. Individual
journal policies vary widely. The RoMEO Project (Rights MEtadata
for Open archiving) has compiled a list of many journals' "Copyright
Policies" about "self-archiving."Gelfand, GL6 - Copyright
• Copyright Holder• Who do you think is the most desirable copyright holder
for your research output. Please check the priority.
Entity 1st 2nd 3rd 4th others
Researcher 170(68.0%) 50 (20.0%) 20(8.0%) 4(1.6%) 6(2.4%)
Organization 60(24.0%) 116(46.4%) 53(21.2%) 9(3.6%) 12(1.2%)
Sponsor 23(9.2%) 67(26.8%) 126(50.4%) 9(3.6%) 25(1.0%)
Publisher 5(2.0%) 8(3.2%) 23(9.2%) 154(61.6%) 60(24.0%)
Hwang et al., GL7 - Copyright
(11) Grey literature is always
subject to a Review Process
6.7%
39.4%
9.6%
44.2%
YesDependsNoNA
The Content LevelThe Content Level
Boekhorst et al., GL6 – Review Process
Collapse of Distinction Between Grey and Non-Grey Literature?
• Envisioning the Future:
– Continuum of scholarship rather than a hierarchy
– Grey literature just as valued as peer-reviewed materials
– Peer-review ratifies rather than validates scholarship
– Core of scholarship is contained in the grey literature
Banks, GL7 – Review Process