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Introduction to OffshoreRBI
RBI Offshore Training Course
Module 1
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INTRODUCTIONS
(Name,
Organisation
type of work,why interested in RBI,
level of English )
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Agenda
Time Day 1 Day 2
09:00 Introduction Module 4
Materials, Degradation
& probability of failure09:15 Module 01
RBI Concept
10:00 Break
10:15 Module 02
Topsides Process11:00 Case Study:
Probability of failure
screening 11:30
12:00 Lunch Lunch
12:3013:00 Module 03
Intro to Working process
Module 5
Consequence of failure14:00
14:15 Break
14:30 Module 6
Inspection methods &
Planning15:00 Case Study:
Consequence of failure
screening
16:00 Module 7
Risk assessment
17:00 End of day End of day
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Aims of the course
• Understand where RBI Offshore sits in your
business
• Understand RBI methods & technology foroffshore
• Interpret RBI findings for inspection planning
• Execute RBI projects
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Course content
The course will cover:
• RBI Concept• Offshore process and equipment
• Working procedures and Software
• Materials, degradation and PoF calculation• Consequence assessment
• Inspection methods and planning
• Risk evaluation
• Case study and examination
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Module 1:RBI Concept
The module will cover:
– What is RBI ?– Scope of DNV’s RBI
– RBI as part of integrity management
– Basic RBI definitions– What can RBI do for you?
– RBI working process
– Basic statistics for RBI– Relevant RBI documentation
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Module 2: Offshore Process & Equipment
The module will cover:
• Process, utilities, marine & safety systems andtheir inter-relationships
• The documentation that describes the function
and control of these systems• A description of each system & function
separately, with its major equipment.
• The layout of a typical offshore installation
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Module 3:Working procedures & Software
The module will cover:
• The working process as developedby DNV
• An outline of the software tool
Synergi RBI Offshore
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Module 6:Inspection methods and planning
The module will cover:
• Usual inspection techniques found offshore• Limitations of the methods
• Personnel qualifications
• Inspection planning
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Module 7: Risk analysis and evaluation
The module will cover:
• Calculation of failure risk • Evaluation of the results
• Sensitivity studies
• Incorporation of inspection results
• Simple reporting
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Module 4: Materials degradation & PoF
The module will cover:
• Materials used in topsides process systems
• Degradation theory - corrosion, erosion, fatigue
• Description of how these are modelled inSynergi RBI Offshore
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Module 5: Consequence assessment
The module will cover:
• Definition of risk • Risk acceptance criteria
• The risk matrix
• Ignited consequence
• Unignited consequence
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Scope of DNV RBI, especially Offshore
Interfield P/LTrunk Pipeline
Onshore
Gas Terminal
Interfield P/L
ComplexTopsides
SatelliteTopsides
Subsea
Subsea
Pipelines
Downstream
•Refineries
•Petrochemicals
•Chemicals
Topsides
Structures
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Scope of DNV RBI Offshore
• DNV RBI is concerned with the pressure
integrity of the following:– Process piping offshore
– Pressure vessels offshore
• DNV have a methodology for RBI for pipelines,hulls and structures, and this is under separate
application
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Joint Industry Project (JIP)
Objectives/Deliverables:
Development of “Base Resource Document” for upstream RBI DNV Recommended Practice
Sponsored by major oil companies =>
BP/Amoco
Norsk Hydro
PPCoN
Saga
Statoil
Acknowledged by NPD (Norwegian PetroleumDirectorate-Norway regulator)
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Some Older Offshore RBI Projects – before 2000
Client Installation / plant StartedSaga Petroleum Snorre 1995Statoil 1995ELF, Norway Frigg 1996
Statoil Statfjord A, Quantitative RBI of selected topside systems (pilot study.). 1996CONOCO, UK 1996-1998Schlumberger Yme 1997Statoil Norne 1997Statoil Sleipner A, T & R 1997ADMA-OPCO, UAE 1998Amoco/BP, Phillips, Norsk Hydro,Saga, Statoil, DNV Joint Industry Project (JIP) for development of RBI methodology and best practise. 1998Esso Jotun A FPSO, Jotun B WHD & Balder 1998Hydro 1998Kværner/ ADNOC, UAE Khuff 1998Phillips Petroleum 1998
Saga Petroleum Varg FPSO, Quantitative RBI analysis of piping. Varg Wellhead Platform; Qualitative RBI analysis of piping. 1998Statoil Statfjord 1998Hess / Dong Syd Arne, Quantitative RBI analysis of process piping and vessels 1998-1999Conoco, SNS Viking B & LOGGS 1999
Statoil sgard FPSO 1999Statoil Kårstø gas terminal 1999Statoil Sleipner A/B/T, Quantitative RBI analysis of piping. 1999Statoil Norne FPSO, Quantitative RBI analysis of piping. 1999
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Screening matrix
A Detailed RBI
B Insignificant PoF
C
I n s i g n
i f i c a n t C o F
D
PoF
1
10-2
10-3
10-4
10-5
Low ― Consequence― High
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The likelihood of failure
will increase over time
because of time-
dependent material
degradation.
Periodic review
Systems screened out
may undergo a changein their process
conditions, and so
develop significant risk
of failure.Consequently there
should be a regular
review of these
screened-out items.A B C D E
Consequence of Failure
L
i k e l i h o o d
o f F a i l u r e
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Detailed RBI: Probability of Failure (PoF)
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Calculation of PoF
Degradation
Mechanism
Damage Failure
Mode
Loads v.
Strength
•Corrosion
•Fatigue
•Erosion
•Pitting
•Cracks
•Wall loss
•Geometry
•Material type
•Stressintensity
•Remaining
wall
Knowledge of Materials Tells Us What Failure Mode to Expect
L i m i t S
t a t e s
•Pinhole leak
•Brittle
fracture
•Burst
•…..
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PoF based on “Load” (S) and “Resistance” (R)
StressPoF = overlapping area
Applied stress is
function of
pressure load &remaining wall
thickness
Resistanceis a
function of
wall
thickness& strength
P r
o b a b i l i t y D
e n s i t y
S
R
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PoF example from Synergi RBI Offshore
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Detailed RBI: Consequences of Failure (CoF)
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Scope of Consequences Assessment
• Hole size distribution modelling => depends on
failure mode (i.e. degradation mechanism)
• Assessment of consequences for various hole
sizes
– safety– economic/business impact
– environment
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Safety Consequences
• Expressed in “Potential Loss of Life” (PLL)
• Determine PLL contribution per equipment item• Can use results from QRA, Safety Case or can
use in-built Synergi RBI Offshore consequence
model
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Economic Consequences
• Damage requires repair (costs +
strategy)
– Equipment damage
– Module damage after escalation
– Installation damage after escalation
• Production loss
– due to equipment damage
– due to module damage after escalation– due to installation damage after escalation
Forvarious
hole sizes
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Environmental Consequences
• Can include clean-up costs, fines, pollution tax,
damage to company reputation, loss of share
value• Environmental Impact Assessments usually
look at large releases. These are mostly greater
than would be lost from any one topside processsegment, but are relevant to pipeline leaks,
blow-outs etc
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1
4
2
3
discharge dispersion
ignition
(flammables)
Four stages of a release
consequence
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Well fluid
Process
gas
Process
condensate
Produced
water
Escalation to
adjacent
areas
CoF: Ignited
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CoF Ignited
• Ignited consequence will involve calculation of:
– Loss of life due to fire and explosion– Economic loss due to equipment damage and lost
production
– Environmental damage to the surface may not be
large, as the pollutant burns up. Damage to the air
may be more important.
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CoF Unignited
• Unignited consequence will involve calculation
of:
– Economic consequence due to loss of production.This depends on repairing strategy and production
profile during repair
– Loss of material assets from pipes are negligible, will
be different for vessels if they have to be replaced
– Note that environmental damage may be significant
• Safety consequence is rarely significant for non-
hydrocarbon systems, but may be so when
considering high pressures
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Risk evaluation
• PoF is calculated where the “load” probability
exceeds the “Resistance” probability - i.e., the
overlapping area of the two probability densityfunctions.
• Synergi RBI Offshore will calculate PoF, CoF,
risk, time to risk limit, and advise of degradation mechanism.
• We look at what is influencing the risks, and
advise on how they are best monitored andcontrolled.
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Deliverables from a DNV RBI Study
• Equipment items ranked in order of risk
• “Inspection plan” per equipment item:
How to inspect or monitor (inspection technique, critical parameter)
Where to inspect (location, coverage)
How often to inspect (time to next inspection)
• Quantitative model, enables: Sensitivity analysis on:
Change of operating conditions, fluid composition
Change of material, coating etc.
Inspection frequency
Inspection effectiveness of tool
Cost/Benefit analysis
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Basic statistics for RBI
• There are a few simple statistical concepts that
are needed for RBI, covering the description of
distributions of data
• The PoF models consider distributions of
probability of an event, so there is no one fixed
value as in deterministic modelling
• The distributions are described using the
following parameters:
– Mean
– Standard Deviation (SD)
– Coefficient of Variation (CoV)
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Distributions used in Synergi RBI Offshore
• The distribution will reflect the process
generating the data, so when fitting distribution
to data, be sure that the data is from only onestatistical population.
• Relevant distributions are:
– Normal:• Most common form of probability density function of a
continuous random variable
– Log normal– Exponential
– Weibull
– Gumbel
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Normal distributions
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Mean
Standard Deviations
0.5
1.0
2.0
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Log normal distribution
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.1
0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean
Standard Deviations
0.1
1.0
10
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Exponential distribution
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Series1Series2
Series3
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Weibull distribution
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
model uncertainty
p r o b a b i l i t y d e n s i t y f u n c t i o n
W(1.0;0.45)
W(0.4;0.8)
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Relevant documentation
• DNV are have produced a Recommended
Practice for upstream RBI DNV RP G101, with
appendices
• API Recommended Practices RP 580, RP 581
• ASME - Risk-based inspection guidelines
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Safeguarding life, property
and the environment
www.dnv.com
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