Post on 13-Jan-2016
description
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MITA Terminals
Special course on data communications and networks:Internet Technical Architecture Seminar
T-110.448
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Content
1. Definition of terminal in the MITA context
2. A short look in the history and evolution
3. Terminal characteristics
4. MITA SW architecture for terminals
5. OS
6. Application development
7. Future Terminals
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Terminal concept in MITA
• Mobile terminal: Any portable, transportable, or handheld terminal supporting mobility services. (ITU-T E.212)
TERMINAL
ApplicationLayer
ConnectivityLayer
AccessLayer
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History
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Terminal characteristics
• Limitations: – RAM– Power consumption – CPU– Weight & volume– Accesses (frequency)– Price
• Impact: Sets limits to applications, services and usage
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2G/3G Terminal complexity:
0
20
40
60
80
100
MIPS
8 kbit / s 144 kbit / s
Speech
Terminal Complexity Comparison
GSM/EDGE
WCDMA
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Terminal characteristics - Access
Divition by range:
• Long: 2G, (E)GPRS, 3G, DVB-T
• Medium: WLAN, BT
• Short: IRda, serial, USB, RFID
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Terminal characteristics – User Interface
• Usability:The extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use. (ISO/DIS 8241-11)
• For human senses: display, keyboard, audio, vibration (vs. m2m) -> evolution
• Difference between a pda and a smartphone
• Braille phone
• UI for elderly?
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Terminal integration
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SW architecture for terminals
Application Framework and UI SupportSession protocols
SDK Interfaces and LibrariesNetwork Interface and Protocols
I/O Drivers Operating System Core
Link Layer DriversI/O Hardware
Processors and MemoryNetwork Hardware
Application Development Interfaces
Application Development Interfaces
APPLICATIONLAYER
ApplicationsApplication Programming Interfaces
Application Supports
MOBILEINTERNET
LAYER
PLATFORMLAYER
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Example: Series 60 terminals
User Interface
Application EnginesContacts, agenda, office, SyncML,
data management, browsing
MessagingSMS, EMS, MMS, email
MIDP JavaPhone
Java (KVM/PersonalJava)
Application frameworkGraphical user interface framework,
text and graphical utilities
Personal area networkingBluetooth, infrared, USB
MultimediaImages, sounds and graphics
Communications infrastructureTCP, dual IPv4 & v6, HTTP and WAP stack
SecurityCryptography, certificate
management, software installation
TelephonyGSM, GPRS, HSCSD, EDGE,
CDMA (IS-95), cdma2000
BaseUser library, file
server,kernel, device driver
Telephone Software
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OS
• Linux, Palm, MS, Symbian– Example: Symbian
• Description
• Characteristics
• Limitations
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Application development environment
Example: Series 60
• Java and C++– Use– Limitations
• Issues: new phenomena, security, operator required SW certificates, DRM
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Future terminals
• Beyond 3G– Ambient networks, semantic web, combination of
current access technologies (3G and WLAN)• 4G
– New radio access,100 Mb/s-1Gb/s connection
• Evolution of UI (HUD, voice control, projected keyboards)
• Working around physical limitations– Proximity networks, fuel cells
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Questions?
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Thank You
References:- White Paper: Mobile Terminal Software Technologies for the Future, http://www.nokia.com/- MITA Book, Vol2, 413-442- Life Goes Mobile, Nokia Mobile Internet Conference 28.10.2003- http://www.tml.hut.fi/Opinnot/T-110.300/2003/Luennot/T110300-UMTS-AS2003.pdf- http://www.forum.nokia.com- http://www.ppcw.net- http://www.cellular.co.za