Post on 21-Jun-2015
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FINNISH FORESTRY IN A NUTSHELL
Miia Jyrkkärinne, Tuukka Kataja & Lasse Maunula25.5.2011
HAKAPIRTTI, VALKEAKOSKI
TUOHIMETSÄNHOITO-OSUUSKUNTA
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FOREST RESOURCES
10 %
78 %
8 %
3 % 1 %
Inland wa-tercourses
Forestry land
Agricultural land
Built-up areas
Transport routes, etc.
Source: Finnish Forest Research Institute
Photo: Lasse Maunula
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OWNERSHIP OF FORESTRY LAND
52 %
8 %
35 %
5 %
PrivateCompaniesStateOthers
Source: Finnish Forest Research Institute
Photo: Lasse Maunula
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ECONOMICS
4 %
16 %
77 %
1 % 2 %FINLAND'S FOREIGN TRADE 2009
Wood-products industries
Pulp and paper industries
Other industries
Primary production and mining
Other (Electricity etc.)
Net earnings from forestry to forest owners in 2009:922 921 000 €
Source: Finnish Forest Research Institute
Photo: Lasse Maunula
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COMMERCIAL ROUNDWOOD REMOVALS
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2007 2008 2009 20100
10203040506070
Mill
. m3
99,2 % of roundwood is mechanically harvestedAnnual growth: 99,5 million m3
Photo: Lasse Maunula
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FOREST CYCLE
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Regeneration
Cleaning of sapling stand
Thinnings
Final cutting
Photo: Lasse Maunula
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SUSTAINABILITY AND FORESTRY
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Over 95 % of Finnish forests are PEFC-certified. PEFC stands for
Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification.
In addition, Finnish forests may also be FSC-certified.
Photo: Lasse Maunula
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EXAMPLES OF PEFC CRITERIA
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Criterion 3: Health of the stand shall be attended
Criterion 4: Finnish native tree species shall be used in forest regeneration
Criteria 7: Seedling stands shall be tended to safeguard wood production
Criteria 9: Conservation value of protected areas shall be safeguarded
Photo: Lasse Maunula
Source: PEFC Finland: Criteria for Group Certification
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EXAMPLES OF PEFC CRITERIA
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Criterion 10: Typical features of valuable habitats are preserved
Criterion 12: Previously known habitats of endangered species are safeguarded
Criterion 13: Retention trees and decaying wood shall be left in forestry operations
Photo: Lasse Maunula
Source: PEFC Finland: Criteria for Group Certification
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SUSTAINABILITY AND FORESTRY
TUOHIMETSÄNHOITO-OSUUSKUNTA
Forestry is also regulated byLaw. Forestry act requires
that the forests are tended in a socially, economically
and ecologically sustainable way.
For example, one is required to regenerate the
forest that has been cut down within a reasonable
time.
Photo: Lasse Maunula
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TREES OF FINLAND
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Photo: Lasse Maunula
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It is the world's second most widespread conifer, from Spain and Scotland to North-West China and Siberia.
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SCOTS PINE Pinus sylvestris
http://www.metla.fi/metinfo/northernpine/img/Pinus_sylvestris.jpg
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SCOTS PINE Pinus sylvestris
•Evergreen•Light-demanding pioneering species•Dry and harsh habitats•Trunk is slim, slender and straight•Bark is orange-red and brown•Blue-green needles
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SCOTS PINE Pinus sylvestris
Scots pine generally forms dense-ringed, strong and homogeneous wood material
•The wood is used for• Pulp• Building materials• Furniture industry
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NORWAY SPRUCE Picea abies
The Norway Spruce grows throughout Europe, from Norway to the Ural Mountains
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Picea_abies.PNG
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NORWAY SPRUCE Picea abies
•Tolerates shade better than the Scots pine•Nutritious and moist mineral soil•Short growing season restrict the growth of the trees•Needles are dark green•Bark is dark brown•Branches are hang down and crown is pyramidal
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NORWAY SPRUCE Picea abies•Wood material is pale, homogeneous and pretty light•The wood is used for• Pulp• Musical instrument manufacturing• Building materials• Furniture industry
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SILVER AND DOWNY BIRCH Betula pendula, B. pubescens
•The most common of hardwoods•Both silver and downy birch grow in northern and central part of Europe and also in the northern parts of Asia•Downy birch is more common on wet, poorly drained sites•Silver birch grows mainly on well-drained mineral soil
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SILVER AND DOWNY BIRCH Betula pendula, B. pubescens
•Both are medium-sized deciduous trees•Leaves are pale green and triangular with teeth•Bark is white and papery, black cracks and marks•The trunk of Downy birch is usually more curved than the trunk of Silver birch
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SILVER AND DOWNY BIRCH Betula pendula, B. pubescens
The wood material is quite hard and flexible, pale and homogeneous
The wood is used for• Pulp• Plywood production• Furniture• Interior design
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OTHER TREE SPECIES
•Aspen Populus tremula
•Goat willow Salix caprea
•Rowan Sorbus aucuparia
•Black alder Alnus glutinosa
•Linden Tilia cordata
•Juniper Juniperus communis
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THANK YOU
TUOHIMETSÄNHOITO-OSUUSKUNTA
Photo: Lasse Maunula