Post on 22-Jan-2015
description
MEMC Electronic
Initiation of coverage - $70 - BUY
Calyon Securities (USA) Inc. FOR IMPORTANT DISCLOSURE INFORMATION PLEASE REFER TO PAGE 33
Financials 2007A 2008E 2009E 2010E Revenue ($bn) 1.9 2.3 2.7 3.4
Revenue growth (YoY %) 24.7 17.4 20.5 24.1
Net income ($bn) 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.3
Non-GAAP EPS ($) 3.30 4.05 4.92 5.32
EPS growth (YoY %) 105.6 22.6 21.5 8.0
Price/earnings (x) 15.1 12.0 10.1 9.4
Price/sales (x) 5.7 4.9 4.1 3.3Source: Company reports and Calyon Securities (USA) Inc.
George A. Kotzias george.kotzias@us.calyon.com
(212) 408-5627
Zachary F. Sadow
zachary.sadow@us.calyon.com (212) 261-3485
19 August 2008
USA Solar
NYSE WFR
Priced on 18 August 2008
12M hi/lo $96.08/41.58
12M price target $70 Current price $48.51 ±% potential 44% Target set on 18 August 2008
Shares in issue 225.9M Free float (est.) 225.0M Market cap $11.0bn
5.0m average daily volume
Major shareholders
AllianceBernstein – 4.9% Barclay’s Global Inv - 3.8% State Street – 3.4%
Vanguard – 3.0% American Century – 3.0%
Stock performance (%) 1M 3M 12M Absolute (9.8) (30.6) (10.7)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Aug-07 Nov-07 Feb-08 May-08 Aug-08
Source: Reuters
TM
in association with
Putting the “tech” in cleantech We are initiating coverage of MEMC Electronic Materials (WFR) with a BUY rating and a $70 price target. WFR is a leading polysilicon producer for the semiconductor and solar industries. The company boasts a strong financial position and at 12x forward earnings, it is attractively valued relative to its 5-year average forward P/E of 17.5x. We are confident in management’s ability to ramp its polysilicon capacity successfully along with capacity for high margin 300mm wafers. We also expect the company to bring solar wafering in house by 2009 either organically or via an asset acquisition, enabling the company to apply its expertise in semi wafers to solar wafers.
Slicing a better wafer MEMC has been a leader in the semi wafer business since 1959, but has emerged rapidly as a major supplier of solar wafers which we estimate accounts for more than 14% of sales. Direct polysilicon sales to customers (mostly solar companies) are also a significant percentage of revenue at over 20%, but we estimate semi sales still represent two-thirds of revenues. We believe that combined sales of solar wafers and poly to solar will continue to be a high growth area for MEMC.
Cash sweet cash WFR’s $1.4bn in cash and equivalents in 2Q08, along with estimated FCF/share of $2.94 in 2009 is a testament to the company’s ability to benefit from the demand for polysilicon from the high growth solar sector, but mostly from the company’s dominance in the high margin semi industry. Our $70 price target is based on a P/E multiple of 15x 2009e earnings, which is lower than the 17.5x historical five-year P/E but in line with its peers. Our DCF value of $68 supports our target and sensitivity analysis suggests a range between $58 and $85/share.
Spending it wisely There may be considerable upside to WFR’s valuation depending on management’s use of free cash flow. Although MEMC has been proactive in buying back shares and returning value to shareholders, we would applaud some cash being returned to shareholders in the form of a dividend, which the board is considering. A value creating acquisition such as a solar wafer maker would also improve our outlook as the company could apply its years of semi wafer technology to improve the quality and therefore margins on solar wafers.
China rising There have been great expectations for the ramp up of new polysilicon, but supply from more than 30 eager Chinese poly producers has yet to materialize. The production which was expected by 2009, has been slow, as new entrants have found it technically challenging to enter the market. As a result, spot poly is still over $400 per kilogram. The meteoric rise of thin-film solar technology should also help ease demand for the semiconducting material along with the advancement of lower purity UMG-Si that is also on the radar.
WFR - BUY
2 george.kotzias@us.calyon.com 19 August 2008
Contents
Slicing a better wafer .............................................................................. 3
Cash sweet cash...................................................................................... 6
Spending it wisely ................................................................................. 12
China rising ........................................................................................... 20
Appendices............................................................................................ 24
All prices quoted herein are as at close of business 18 August 2008, unless otherwise stated. FOR IMPORTANT DISCLOSURE INFORMATION, PLEASE REFER TO PAGE 33
More research for your alternative-energy portfolio
Section 1: Slicing a better wafer WFR - BUY
19 August 2008 george.kotzias@us.calyon.com 3
Slicing a better wafer MEMC has been a leader in the semi wafer business since 1959, but has emerged rapidly as a major supplier of solar wafers which we estimate accounts for more than 14% of sales. Direct polysilicon sales to customers (mostly solar companies) is also a significant percentage of revenue at over 20%, but we estimate IC sales still represent two-thirds of revenues. We believe that combined sales of solar wafers and poly to solar will continue to be a high growth area for MEMC.
As an experienced tier 1 polysilicon producer, WFR has been able to increase market share due to economies of scale, industry know-how and top talent. The company has been at the helm of technological innovation and has led capacity expansion for four decades. We believe WFR is well positioned to capitalize on the extremely tight polysilicon market that should last through 2009.
Premium poly player WFR has benefited from being an experienced tier-1 polysilicon producer during the early growth stage of the solar industry. As one in a small group of established polysilicon producers, WFR has been able to build out its solar capabilities while capturing market share and positioning itself at the helm of technological innovation. In 2007 WFR had 14% market share of the polysilicon market, up from 12% and 13% in 2005 and 2006, respectively. Economies of scale and technological know-how have led WFR to this incumbent position.
Figure 1
Polysilicon Market Share - 2007
Wacker15%
Tokuyama13% REC
14%
Hemlock25%
MEMC14%
Other12%
Mitsubishi7%
Source: Company reports and Calyon Securities (USA) Inc. estimates
Sources of revenue MEMC is a large-scale manufacturer and designer of a variety of polysilicon products intended for the semi and solar industries. The company sells three categories of polysilicon wafers; Prime Wafers, Epitaxial Wafers and Test/ Monitor Wafers, that range from 100mm to 300mm. By year end 2008 WFR’s polysilicon capacity will have grown to 8,000MT and will have extended its global reach to encompass 2 poly and 7 wafer facilities in 6 different countries.
WFR benefits fromexperience and increased
market share ofpolysilicon to 14% in
2007
WFR manufactures avariety of polysilicon
products on a large scalefor solar and semi
industries
Section 1: Slicing a better wafer WFR - BUY
4 george.kotzias@us.calyon.com 19 August 2008
Figure 2 Figure 3
Revenue by region – 2007 Revenue by segment - 2007
U.S.24%
Europe15%
Asia Pacific61%
Polysilicon 22%
Semi Wafer 64%
Solar Wafer 14%
Source: Company reports
MEMC - silicon since 1959 Since its founding in 1959, Missouri based MEMC Electronic has enjoyed a long and prosperous 50 year history partaking in the design, development and sale of its silicon wafers to the integrated circuit market and solar industry, encountering few impediments along the way. The well positioned silicon and wafer heavyweight finds itself strategically straddling the saturated $1 trillion integrated circuit market and the blooming $18 billion solar industry providing each with the necessary poly. Although the company has seen mostly success over the decades, along with the rest of the electronic/integrated circuit and semiconductor industries, MEMC faced major setbacks just before the turn of the century due to overcapacity and steep drop off in demand. Subsequent to surviving the turmoil, today they face a new challenge of meeting increasing demand for poly from solar.
Brief history MEMC established itself as a technological leader not long after its inception with much of its fundamental research coming about during the 1960’s. The research was so landmark that much of the work done at the time still remains an industry standard today such as the chemical-mechanical polishing process (CMP), epitaxial (Epi) deposition, and the discovery and use of zero dislocation silicon crystals.
These technological innovations allowed the company to grow swiftly alongside the booming semiconductor industry in the 1970’s and 1980’s as MEMC met soaring demand for smaller and faster integrated circuits with further technological advancement including the development of the 125mm, 150mm, and 200mm diameter wafers. The growth required an increase in capacity which was made possible through the unveiling of new manufacturing facilities in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Utsonomiya, Japan.
The 1990’s marked a period of momentous growth for MEMC as the company raised over $440 million in capital during its IPO in 1995. During that same year, MEMC decided to purchase the granular polysilicon manufacturing facility that they had been using from Abermarle Corporation and renamed the plant Pasadena. Despite its good times, MEMC suffered a crippling setback in 1998 and 1999 as global overcapacity and demand drop off hurt it financially.
With a new outlook and goal to reclaim industry leadership following these tough times, the company appointed Nabeel Gareeb as President and CEO of MEMC and looked to him to reinvent its business strategy and increase market share. Prior to joining MEMC, Mr. Gareeb held the title of COO at International Rectifier Corporation, a leading power semiconductor company, for over 10 years.
Silicon since 1959
MEMC made a name foritself during the semi
boom in the 70’s and 80’s
1995 IPO raised over$440 million, just beforethe overcapacity in 1998
Defining industrystandards
Section 1: Slicing a better wafer WFR - BUY
19 August 2008 george.kotzias@us.calyon.com 5
Products and technology MEMC certainly fits the description of a pioneer as it boasts a rich portfolio comprised of over 600 patents globally with an additional 300 on file for application. Customers can take comfort in the consistent supply of fresh innovation as MEMC was the first merchant manufacturer of silicon wafers, the first to commercially produce 100mm, 125mm, 150mm and 200mm diameter wafers, and the first to create a patented defect-free wafer, among many other industry firsts.
MEMC meets its customers’ strict specifications and offers vast flexibility since the application of the wafer is unique to each customer. In 1990, the company filled orders for 1,200 different wafer specifications. This figure has stretched to 2,200 in 2006 as integrated circuit and electronics manufacturer needs continue to advance. For this reason, the company makes three different types of wafers available for purchase: prime polished, epitaxial, and test grade. Choice only begins there as the customer must then decide on the composition, level of purity, crystal and electrical properties of the wafer. MEMC continues to strive toward increased wafer yield while simultaneously reducing the thickness of the wafers to benefit electronics manufacturers. MEMC’s primary product offering is the polished wafer. After growing their pure crystalline silicon wafer from granular polysilicon, it undergoes their CMP process to eliminate all surface defects which results in a smooth, mirror-like wafer.
Silicon wafers make up the foundation of most solar cells which is why MEMC has devoted more of its focus to the solar industry. The company has begun to produce solar grade, 156mm wafers as it seeks to facilitate the solar industry’s road to grid parity. Production of the wafer is only the first step that the company has taken in what promises to be a strong relationship in the future between MEMC and the solar industry as they expect to extend their knowledge of polysilicon and wafer production to the solar industry to spur innovation throughout, beginning with MEMC solar grade wafers.
Much of the company’s research is devoted toward forward progress in the research and development of new materials. Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) is a novel base material for the fabrication of chips that increases the functionality without requiring large amounts of money for changes in fab equipment. This tri-layer wafer allows for more complex circuit design and ultimately leads to faster operation at lower voltages.
MEMC’s innovation is not only limited to the end product. In 1962, MEMC the pioneered chemical-mechanical polishing process, which is still an industry standard today. The process is a combined effort between a chemical corrosive used to weaken the silicon and a mechanical polishing pad to remove any surface defects, leaving a flat, smooth, mirror-like surface.
Through the years, silicon manufacturers have spent much time and money ensuring that the wafers are not only functional, but that they enhance the user’s yield. Most wafer manufacturers use a conventional method of internal gettering (the process of moving impurities to the bulk) which requires long heating and cooling periods followed by a third, growth step which leads to variation in wafers due to high sensitivity to oxygen concentration. MEMC developed and patented a breakthrough Rapid Thermal Process (RTP) named Magic Denuded Zone (MDZ), which allows them to bypass the long heating period and control oxygen related complications by heating the wafer to over 1200°C in a matter of seconds, followed by a slightly lengthier, more controlled cooling period. MDZ gives manufacturers a newfound freedom in working with the silicon while also reducing processing cost to the manufacturer.
MEMC meets customers’specifications and offers
flexibility
Company has begun toproduce 156mm wafers
for solar application
SOI allows for morecomplex surface designs
Chemical-mechanicalpolishing process
developed in 1962 is stillindustry standard today
Section 2: Cash sweet cash WFR - BUY
6 george.kotzias@us.calyon.com 19 August 2008
Cash sweet cash WFR’s $1.4bn in cash and equivalents in 2Q08, along with estimated FCF/share of $2.94 in 2009 is a testament to the company’s ability to benefit from the demand for polysilicon from the high growth solar sector, but mostly from the company’s dominance in the high margin semi industry. Our $70 price target is based on a P/E multiple of 15x 2009 earnings, which is lower than the 17.5x historical five-year P/E but inline with its peers. Our DCF analysis supports our target within a range between $58 and $93/share.
Discounted Cash Flow…yes it really means something Using what we believe are realistic assumptions, we forecast WFR’s DCF-based fair value is $68 per share. The table below lists our assumptions including a WACC of 11.1% and a 4% terminal growth rate (nominal rate based on 2.5% inflation and implies a real terminal growth rate of 1.5%).
Figure 4
DCF assumptions
WACC (%) 11.1 Cost of debt (%) 7.00 Tax rate (%) 25.0 Value of equity 11.7 Value of debt 0.0 Debt plus equity 11.7 CAPM Risk free rate (%) 2.00 Market return (%) 8.50 Beta 1.40 Cost of equity (%) 11.1 Source: Calyon Securities (USA) Inc. estimates
Figure 5
Discounted cash flow analysis ($m)
2007A 2008E 2009E 2010E 2011E 2012E Pre-tax income 829.6 556.9 992.2 1,101.2 1,050.2 831.7Less: Taxes & Int 20.3 443.5 125.4 123.4 93.2 242.9EBIT 849.9 1,000.4 1,117.6 1,224.5 1,143.4 1,074.6Add: D&A 80.7 52.2 102.8 165.6 229.2 294.6Less: Cap Ex 276.4 420.0 407.9 506.0 512.0 526.8Less: Change in WC (173.2) 170.2 46.2 52.6 55.4 89.9Free cash flow 827.4 462.3 766.3 831.5 805.2 752.5Source: Calyon Securities (USA) Inc. estimates
Figure 6
Discounted cash flow analysis - equity value ($m except per share data)
PV of terminal value 12,367.8PV of free cash flows 2,617.4Total NPV 14,985.2Net debt (1,105.2)Equity value 16,090.4Shares outstanding 237.7Equity value per share 67.69Source: Calyon Securities (USA) Inc. estimates
Cash heavy balance sheetreveals ability to benefit
from solar and semidemand for polysilicon
DCF analysis forecastsWFR’s fair value to be $68
per share
Section 2: Cash sweet cash WFR - BUY
19 August 2008 george.kotzias@us.calyon.com 7
Figure 7
Stock price sensitivity to change in growth rate and cost of capital ($/share)
Nominal growth rate (%)
Cost of capital (%) 4.5 5.0 5.5 12.1 57.11 60.06 63.4511.1 63.74 67.69 72.3510.1 72.65 78.23 85.02Source: Calyon Securities (USA) Inc. estimates.
Execution misfires present opportunity Incidents that have occurred recently include a fire and an equipment failure in Merano, a tropical storm, and a chemical buildup in Pasadena. These are some of the events that have occurred over the course of the last year or so that have assisted WFR’s shares in gaining membership to the 52-week low club. Are these execution missteps purely bad luck? Or are they symptoms of something more chronic? Likely the answer is a little of both. There is concern that the solar wafer industry may be stealing talent from some of the established polysilicon and wafer makers, especially in Asia where there are over 30 new polysilicon production projects underway. MEMC has been a casualty of this migration east.
Figure 8
MEMC incident report since 2005
Date Incident
8/05/08 The company reported that it has taken safety precautions in preparation for heavy weather associated with Tropical Storm Edouard at its Pasadena, Texas facility. As part of these precautions, the company has moderated operations in various areas of the facility, which is currently anticipated to have approximately a two day effect on polysilicon production.
4/03/08 MEMC reported it experienced accelerated buildup of chemical deposits inside the new expansion unit ("Unit 3") at its Pasadena, Texas facility. These buildups occurred multiple times, and each instance required downtime of several days for premature maintenance to clean and re-stabilize the unit. The company also delayed the remaining maintenance (from the prior quarter) on the existing units ("Unit 1" and "Unit 2") waiting for Unit 3 to stabilize, but eventually had to perform the maintenance on Unit 2.
4/29/08 Pasadena, Texas -- a transfer line from a transport vehicle developed a leak and caused a release of STF, a raw material gas used in the manufacturing process. The leak was quickly contained by the on-site emergency response team and the flow of material was stopped.
7/23/08 The company said it suffered a "premature failure of a relatively new heat exchanger" at its Merano, Italy facility, while a loose pipe fitting caused a fire at its Pasadena, Texas facility during the quarter.
9/04/07 A construction incident caused by one of its electrical subcontractors working on the Pasadena, Texas, polysilicon facility expansion resulted in a power outage to the entire site. Although the power was eventually restored later the same day, the unplanned and abrupt shutdown of high temperature and pressure chemical operations caused considerable complications. The facility is now in the late stages of recovery, but the abrupt nature of this incident, combined with the rain and thunderstorms in Pasadena, Texas over the last few days, has hampered the facility's ability to recover operations expeditiously. This disruption has also caused the on-going polysilicon expansion project at the site to be additionally delayed.
9/26/05 Pasadena, Texas -- The company reported that its employees in the Pasadena area are safe and that business resumption activities had begun on Sunday. The facility itself sustained no major damage from hurricane Rita. Prior to the hurricane, MEMC had safely evacuated employees from this facility.
Source: Company report, Calyon Securities (USA) Inc.
The bad news for the stock is that the market generally fears the unknown, and the unknown in this case is how much was due to lack of talent in key positions and how much was due to uncontrollable events that are inevitable in the business of manufacturing polysilicon. The good news for investors is that the market is pricing in a lack of talent. Placing the right talent in key positions is a problem that senior management can address and correct (and in some cases WFR has already made key personnel changes). We are confident that execution, and therefore the value of the stock, will improve at MEMC.
In WFR’s last two quarters, the company missed Street EPS estimates by 9% in 2Q and 1% in 1Q. Previously, the company had beat earnings estimates for 9 consecutive quarters dating back to its last earnings miss in 3Q05.
Last 2 quarters of missestarnish a long history of
beating expectations
Lingering concern ofstolen talent may point to
cause of executionproblems
Market is pricing in a lackof talent and any
improvements will boostvalue of the stock
Section 2: Cash sweet cash WFR - BUY
8 george.kotzias@us.calyon.com 19 August 2008
Trading at rock bottom We believe WFR’s shares are attractively valued relative to historical trading ranges. As can be seen in the figure below, at 11x its forward P/E, WFR is trading at near its 5-year low of 9x and substantially below its 5-year high of 29x and 5-year average of 17.5x. The relatively low multiple suggests that we are at the bottom of the cycle in the highly cyclical semiconductor industry. While all of the evidence points to a bottom, the important question is will demand recover soon? Or will we stay at the bottom for a prolonged period of time…
Figure 9
Historical forward P/E
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
5/23/03 5/23/04 5/23/05 5/23/06 5/23/07 5/23/08
(P/E)Forward P/E 5 yr avg P/E
Source: Factset, Calyon Securities (USA) Inc.
Signs of a semi rebound? We believe that semi demand may be showing signs of life, as recent reports indicate an increase in wafer sales. Applied Materials (AMAT – NR) recently posted strong Q2 results and indicated a 30% increase in equipment orders from foundries and DRAM. This indicates some hope (but not proof) that a recovery may come sooner rather than later. As MEMC increases its capacity to produce polysilicon and 300mm wafers, we need to see a return to capital spending by the chip makers, DRAM makers and foundries. A confirmed increase in demand would justify multiple expansion from our 15x number.
Besides AMAT’s favorable comments on demand, we have heard other incrementally positive comments from our channel checks and from industry associations. SEMI reported this month that global silicon wafer shipments were 2,303 million square inches (MSI) in 2Q08. This is up 4.6% Y/Y from 2,201 MSI in 2Q07, and up 6.5% Q/Q from 2,163 MSI in 1Q08. According to Kazuyo Heinink who is the chairwoman of SEMI and also, more importantly for investors, Vice President for New Product Marketing at MEMC, “this growth was mainly attributed to 300mm” where MEMC is growing to over 700k wafers per month in 2010 from under 400k per month by year end 2008.
Setting the bar too low to miss MEMC lowered its full year 2008 guidance for both top and bottom line by $150 to $175 million and $0.30 to $0.50 per share respectively to compensate for a mix of its execution problems as well as weakness in semi demand. Original guidance was for earnings of $4.50 to $4.60/share on annual revenues of $2.4 to $2.5 billion. Revised guidance for the year is $2.25 to 2.35 billion in revenues and EPS of $4.00 to $4.30/share. In tandem with its lower guidance, the company scheduled a mid-quarter progress update for September 2nd. We
Anecdotal evidence ofsemi recovery
Multiple expansion wouldbe justified if we see the
semi cycle reverse
Trading at relatively lowmultiple of 11x forwardP/E suggests bottom of
the cycle has beenreached
MEMC reduced FY08guidance to compensatefor execution problemsand weak semi demand
Section 2: Cash sweet cash WFR - BUY
19 August 2008 george.kotzias@us.calyon.com 9
believe that the progress update will be positive and act as a positive catalyst for the stock leading into 3Q results.
Growing Capacity and Revenue WFR’s growth in market share has been reflected by its growth in polysilicon capacity and revenue. The compnany has undergone an aggressive capacity buildout over the past few years and we expect it to reach 15,000 MT of polysilicon by 2010, translating into approximately $3.2 billion in total revenue in 2010, a Cagr of approximately 36% and 18% since 2004 for capacity and revenue, respectively.
Figure 10
WFR polysilicon capacity and revenue growth: 2004 - 2010E
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
2004A 2005A 2006A 2007A 2008E 2009E 2010E$0
$500
$1,000
$1,500
$2,000
$2,500
$3,000
$3,500
$4,000
Polysilicon capacity
Total revenue
(MT) ($M)
Source: Company reports and Calyon Securities (USA) Inc. estimates
WFR has been able to increase margins in tandem with volume. Favorable pricing for wafers and polysilicon coupled with an improved mix of 156mm solar wafers, 300mm wafers and polysilicon sales. We expect margins to remain attractive in the near term as the semi industry’s transition to 400mm wafers remains distant and the poly shortage continues through 2009.
Figure 11
Gross margin and operating margin: 2004 – 2008E
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
2004 2005 2006 2007E 2008E
Gross margin Operating margin(%)
Source: Company reports and Calyon Securities (USA) Inc. estimates
Growth in market sharereflected by growth in
polysilicon capacity andrevenue
Margins will remainattractive in the near
term
Section 2: Cash sweet cash WFR - BUY
10 george.kotzias@us.calyon.com 19 August 2008
We believe WFR is well positioned to weather the solar shake-out that we see looming due to its strong cash generating capabilities and its robust balance sheet. We believe WFR’s strong financial position will act as a protective shield during difficult operating environments as well as enable the company to make strategic investments and acquisitions while others may be sidelined or susceptible to takeovers themselves as the result of a lack of cash.
Figure 12
Net debt to net debt plus equity
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008E 2009E 2010E
(%)
Source: Company reports and Calyon Securities (USA) Inc. estimates
Strong revenue growth, resulting from increased volume, coupled with continued cost improvements should lead to widening margins in the near-term. Following this fruitful near-term period we believe growth and expansion will level off due to the aforementioned threats to polysilicon producers and transitions taking place in the industry. We believe margins and growth will be sustained at attractive, albeit lower, levels during this period; however, we believe WFR will be uniquely positioned in the solar industry at this point due to its strong financial position. We see the possibility for earnings upside and continued margin expansion resulting from a strategic acquisition made before WFR reaches this phase of slowing growth.
Figure 13
Revenue and EBITDA estimates ($m)
0
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4000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008E 2009E 2010E0
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600
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1000
1200
1400
1600
Net salesEBITDA
($M)($M)
Source: Company reports and Calyon Securities (USA) Inc. estimates
A strong financial positionwill protect WFR from
looming solar shake-out
Possibility for earningsupside and margin
expansion could comefrom a strategic
acquisition
Section 2: Cash sweet cash WFR - BUY
19 August 2008 george.kotzias@us.calyon.com 11
Steadily increasing free cash flow has led to a sharp reduction in total debt as a percentage of total capital. We believe WFR will continue to deliver strong free cash flow per share to shareholders into the foreseeable future with growth levelling off from its 2007 high.
Figure 14
Free cash flow per share: 2004 – 2012E
$0.00
$0.50
$1.00
$1.50
$2.00
$2.50
$3.00
$3.50
2004A 2005A 2006A 2007A 2008E 2009E 2010E
Source: Company reports and Calyon Securities (USA) Inc. estimates
We expect debt as a percentage of total capital to have trailed off to approximately 1% at the end of this year from approximately 21% during 2004. We believe WFR will continue to maintain a low level of debt relative capitalization.
Figure 15
Total debt to total capital
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008E
(%)
Source: Company reports and Calyon Securities (USA) Inc. estimates
WFR will continue todeliver strong FCF pershare to shareholders
WFR will likely continueto maintain low level debt
relative to capitalization
Debt as percentage oftotal capital to trail off to
~1% at year end
Section 3: Spending it wisely WFR - BUY
12 george.kotzias@us.calyon.com 19 August 2008
Spending it wisely There may be considerable upside to WFR’s valuation pending management’s use of the company’s substantial free cash flow. Although the company has been proactive in buying back shares and returning value to shareholders, we would applaud some cash being returned to shareholders in the form of a dividend, which the board has been considering. A value creating acquisition such as a solar wafer maker would also improve our outlook as the company could apply its years of semi wafer technology to improve the quality and therefore margins on solar wafers.
What to do with all that cash WFR is sitting on a pile of cash, with $1.1 billion in cash and equivalents alone at the end of 2Q08. Why aren’t they giving out that cash right now? Well most of the current board members are survivors of the late 90’s and early 00’s when cash was tight due to the tech implosion. In our model we forecast the company reaching in excess of $2.4 billion in 2012 (assuming no dividends).
The company already has a share buyback program in place with a board authorized amount of $1 billion which was approved in 2Q. This is twice the amount of the $500 million which was initially approved in May 2007. As of June 30, 2008 the company had already bought back 4.04 million shares for a total of $270 million.
The possibility of a dividend has also been discussed at MEMC’s board meetings, however it seems that the preferred way of paying back shareholders is through the buyback program. A dividend policy, if implemented, would be a token amount, but could act as a catalyst as the company would be exposed to an additional class of investor that is either required or compelled to own dividend paying stocks.
Competition heating up in solar, cooling in semi New entrants in poly face high barriers to entry as high capital requirements, technical barriers, equipment procurement and long lead times make it difficult to gain a foothold. MEMC’s competitors include Hemlock, SUMCO, Soitek, Wacker, LDK, Shin-etsu, Covalent, LG Siltron and REC.
Vertical integration in solar MEMC is already integrated from poly to wafer on the semiconductor side of its business, however on the solar side of the house the company outsources its wafering to 3rd parties. In 2009 the company plans to bring its solar wafering in-house, retaining more margin power in the process. More importantly, the company’s R&D shop is chomping at the bit to apply years of extensive research in semiconductor wafer enhancement technology to solar. Management is confident that they can improve margins on solar wafers by improving the watts per wafer, the basis of their pricing on solar wafer sales contracts.
The decision to bring solar wafering in-house has launched what we believe is a global search for a wafer maker. Most wafer makers are located in Asia and include companies like LDK (LDK US), M. Setek, Renesola (SOL US), and Sino-American Silicon. We also would not rule out the eventual possibility of forward integration into the cell manufacturing segment if they develop a process whereby cell architecture is designed around a proprietary MEMC wafer.
We believe that WFR is well positioned to capitalize on the opportunity that the demand for solar energy presents. The need for alternative sources of energy has never been greater. The EIA estimates that world marketed energy consumption
Still plenty of buyback tobe done
Share buyback program ispreferred method of
rewarding shareholdersover dividend policy
MEMC may be shoppingfor a cheap wafer maker
Section 3: Spending it wisely WFR - BUY
19 August 2008 george.kotzias@us.calyon.com 13
will grow by 110% over the 2000 to 2050 period. This onslaught of growth is mainly attributable to strong growth in energy demand among non-OECD nations.
Figure 16
World electric power generation
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2018
2020
2022
2024
2026
2028
2030
OECD Non-OECD
Source: EIA
A need for alternative fuel sources brought on by this growth in energy demand has been exacerbated by the steady rise in carbon dioxide emissions as well as in the rapid rise in the price of fuel and electricity. We believe solar energy is one of the foremost candidates to help meet global energy demand, curb energy prices and abate carbon emissions.
Figure 17 Figure 18
Crude oil & natural gas prices: 1986 - Present World carbon dioxide emissions: 2005 – 2030E
$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
$140
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
$/BBL
$0
$2
$4
$6
$8
$10
$12
$14
$16$/Mcf
WTI Oil (L-Axis) Natural Gas (R-Axis)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
OECD Non-OECD
(Billion metric tons)
Source: Bloomberg and EIA
Technical innovator Through its progressive in-house R&D program and a series of acquisitions, WFR has been able to maintain its edge as a technological innovator in the ever changing and performance demanding polysilicon industry. Fundamental research conducted in the 1960’s led to the zero-dislocation silicon crystals that allowed WFR to grow in-line with the booming semiconductor industry in the 1970’s and 1980’s.
Need for energyalternative exacerbatedby rise in CO2 emissions
Section 3: Spending it wisely WFR - BUY
14 george.kotzias@us.calyon.com 19 August 2008
Since WFR’s entrace into the solar industry in 2006 the company has focused on offering higher grade polished wafers.
WFR offers three general categories of wafers that include prime wafers, epitaxial wafers and test / monitor wafers. Prime wafers are polished, highly refined pure wafers with an ultraflat and ultraclean surface. WFR’s premium brand prime wafer is called the OPTIA wafer. The OPTIA wafer is a defect-free crystalline structure that incorporates patented technologies and processes, such as the Magic Denuded Zone, which increases yield by drawing impurities away from the wafer surface.
Figure 19
Wafer category offerings
Type Characteristics Premium brand name
Prime wafers Polished, highly refined, ultraflat & clean surface OPTIA Epitaxial wafers Superior isolation between circuit elements AEGIS Source: Company reports
Epitaxial wafers have a thin silicon layer grown on the polished surface of the wafer and provide superior isolation between circuit elements versus a polished wafer. WFR’s proprietary epitaxial wafer, AEGIS, also incorporates Magic Denuded Zone and has a thin eqitaxial layer grown on a standard starting wafer that elimates harmful defects on the wafer surface.
WFR also offers test / monitor wafers for the testing of semiconductor fabrication lines and processes. These wafers are produced from the portion of silicon ingot that does not meet certain specifications but are similar to prime wafers in regard to cleanliness and flatness, in some cases.
The company sells higher grade polished wafers under their trademark Advanta. The wafer offers customers a cost effective product that includes a higher yield and better performance for integrated circuits. Advanta is aimed at next generation integrated circuits and has low levels of crystal originated pits (COPs) on the surface while also boosting performance with higher gate oxide integrity (GOI) of 81.8. For even better performance, the company’s trademark Optia wafer is entirely COP free and has a superior GOI of 98.6 which makes it an ideal long term solution for advanced integrated circuits.
Figure 20
GOI yield by MEMC wafer
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Advanta Optia Aegis
(%)
Source: Company Reports
The company offers threedifferent types of wafers
including prime, epitaxial,and test grade
Increasing GOI yield
Section 3: Spending it wisely WFR - BUY
19 August 2008 george.kotzias@us.calyon.com 15
Manufacturers of advanced semiconductor devices demand greater functionality through more complex circuits. As the size of the circuit is reduced, insufficient electrical isolation between the elements becomes a problem. MEMC offers its epitaxial wafers as the solution. Epitaxial wafers were created to increase the reliability of the semiconductor device and provide higher efficiency by growing a thin, single crystal silicon layer above the polished surface having different electrical and compositional properties. Their trademark epitaxial wafer, Aegis, is a cost effective alternative to the prime polished wafer with the difference lying in the COP free zone which only exists in the epi layer of the wafer rather than the entire bulk.
Weaker semi demand increases solar appeal There is excess memory and processor capacity at the enterprise level due to the emergence of virtualization and improved software efficiency. Some estimates suggest that 65% or more of existing capacity is idle, as software efficiency has reduced the strain on memory and processor capacity. The internet has allowed companies to manage their global server network much more efficiently, as over-utilized servers can communicate with underutilized or idle servers and share the computing load.
The in-house advantage MEMC puts itself at a huge advantage against its competitors by making its own granular polysilicon to use as the raw material for wafer manufacture. Granular polysilicon processing is a far more efficient process that supports higher growth yield. The continuous throughput is an improvement to the Siemens process. In the more common and lower barrier to entry Siemens process, a high purity silicon rod receives exposure to trichlorosilane gas at high temperatures exceeding 1100°C. The chemical reaction causes additional silicon from the gas to be deposited onto the rod. MEMC uses the more efficient fluidized bed reactor (FBR) process to produce its granular polysilicon which has helped lower material costs in its wafer production. The FBR process makes this possible by consuming 80% - 90% less energy while allowing for greater yield, productivity and product purity.
Figure 21
MEMC manufacturing and R&D plants
Name Location MEMC Ownership Products
Year Completed
St. Peters St. Peters, Missouri
100%
100mm, 125mm, 150mm, 200mm and 300mm single-crystal CZ silicon; 100mm, 125mm,150mm, 200mm Polished and Epitaxial CZ silicon wafers
1959
Southwest Sherman, Texas
100% 200mm single-crystal CZ silicon; 200mm Polished and Epitaxial CZ wafers
1997
Pasadena Pasadena, Texas 100%
Semiconductor-grade Granular Polysilicon, Monosilane and SiF4 Gases, Semiconductor-grade silicon powder
1995
Utsunomiya Utsunomiya-city, Tochigi, Japan
100% 125mm, 150mm, 200mm and 300mm polished CZ silicon wafers; 200mm and 300mm epitaxial CZ silicon wafers
1986
Hsinchu Hsinchu, Taiwan
100% Polished and Epitaxial Wafers 1996
Kuala Lumpur
Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
100% Polished 1970
Korea Chonan, Korea
80% Polished Wafers 1993
Novara Novara, Italy 100% Polished and Epitaxial Wafers 1976 Merano Merano, Italy 100% Single Crystal and Polysilicon 1976
Source: Company Reports
MEMC wafers increasefunctionality
WFR produces granularpolysilicon in-house
Section 3: Spending it wisely WFR - BUY
16 george.kotzias@us.calyon.com 19 August 2008
Growth: From semiconductors to solar Over the past three decades WFR has enjoyed strong growth in the semiconductor industry. We believe WFR will be able to leverage off the technical experience it received during the seminconductor boom as well as benefit from the trials it experienced operating in a rapid growth industry, which it faces once again.
As highlighted by figure 22, the semiconductor industry has achieved robust and rapid growth underlined by strong demand in the early 1990’s and 2000’s. According to the Semiconductor Industry Association, global semiconductor billings for the semiconductor industry have grown to approximately $255 million from approximately $4 million in 1977, a 67-fold increase.
Figure 22
Semiconductor global billings: 1977 - 2007
-
50
100
150
200
250
300
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
($ MM)
Source: Semiconductor Industry Association
WFR has been able to use its semiconductor segment as a cash cow since the semiconductor industry has reached a stage of maturity. However, the emergence of the solar industry has prompted WFR to shift its focus from the semiconductor industry to the growth prospects presented by the solar industry, as reflected in figure 23.
Figure 23
Semi wafer revenue & semi wafer revenue as a % of total sales
0
400
800
1,200
1,600
2,000
2004A
2005A
2006A
2007A
2008E
2009E
2010E
2011E
2012E
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%Semi wafer revenue % of sales
Source: Company reports and Calyon Securities (USA) Inc. estimates
Experience duringsemiconductor boom will
translate into rapidlygrowing solar industry
Rapid growth in semiindustry is marked by a
67 fold increase from1977
Emergence of growthprospects in solar has
caused WFR to shift focusaway from semi industry
Section 3: Spending it wisely WFR - BUY
19 August 2008 george.kotzias@us.calyon.com 17
We estimate that the growth prospects presented by the c-Si solar industry will reach almost $70 billion by 2015, growing at a CAGR of approximately 30% over that period from current levels.
Figure 24
C-Si market value: 2006 – 2015E
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
100,000
2007A 2008E 2009E 2010E 2011E
($m)
Source: Calyon Securities (USA) Inc. estimates
This rapid growth places a demanding and stressful supply scenario on polysilicon producers. We believe the tight polysilcion market will persist through 2010 with demand outstripping supply. These favourable market conditions for incumbent polysilicon producers could exceed our estimates as new entrants struggle to bring additional supplies to the market.
Figure 25
Polysilicon supply/demand balance
(4,000)
(3,000)
(2,000)
(1,000)
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
2006A 2007A 2008E 2009E 2010E 2011E 2012E 2013E 2014E 2015E
(MW)
Source: Calyon Securities (USA) Inc. estimates
The experience, economies of scale and talent that WFR possesses are the exact factors contributing to the delay in excess polysilicon available for the market. A wave of Chinese polysilicon is set to enter the market; however, it is set to come on-line much slower-than-expected due to the underestimation by these new-comers of the complexities of the technology, design, trial and production process. A talent drain in the industry, which WFR has acknowledged, will more-than-likely leave the inexperienced Chinese new entrants the most susceptible to delays.
Growth prospects bypolysilicon for solar will
be ~$70bn by 2015
Tight polysilicon marketwill persist through 2010
as demand outstripssupply
Talent drain in industrywill leave inexperienced
entrants with large delays
Section 3: Spending it wisely WFR - BUY
18 george.kotzias@us.calyon.com 19 August 2008
Figure 26 illustrates the expected output in Chinese polysilicon production this year as reported by China Reality Research (CRR). CRR has been tracking the progress of 22 Chinese polysilicon producers through various plant visits and has reinforced our belief that the polysilicon market will remain tight for the foreseeable future due to slower-than-expected Chinese production.
Figure 26
Estimated Chinese polysilicon output in 2008
-
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
CRR estimate of actual output With upside
(MT)
Source: China reality research – CLSA Asia Pacific Markets
Globally, we attribute approximately 40% of a discount to this factor and currently predict that only 162,000 MT of poly will be available for the solar market by 2012 versus the 265,000 MT that has been announced. While we believe a large amount of this poly should be discounted due to an expected delay, we also remain wary of this eventual and unavoidable flood of poly that is not a matter of if it will come, but when it will come.
Figure 27 Figure 28
Expected poly capacity versus announced poly capacity Announced capacity – new entrant breakdown
-
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Discounted capacity
Expected capacity
(MT)
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
2006 2007E 2008E 2009E 2010E 2011E 2012E
(MT)
Wildcards
New producers-traditional process
New producers-emerging processes
Established producers
Source: Calyon Securities (USA) Inc. estimates
Serving wafers worldwide MEMC’s wafers are used by some of the best known names in tech and solar globally. In 2007, only two of MEMC’s customers, Samsung and Yingli Green Energy (YGE US) represented more than 10% of sales. In addition to Yingli in the solar segment, the company has signed long term wafer supply contracts with Suntech (STP US), Gintech (3514 TT), Conergy (CGY GR), and Tainergy. MEMC’s
Polysilicon market willremain tight in
foreseeable future
Eventual flood of poly isto come
Section 3: Spending it wisely WFR - BUY
19 August 2008 george.kotzias@us.calyon.com 19
solar contracts typically require significant deposits and in some cases MEMC acquires rights (as in the case of warrants on STP’s shares) to the company’s equity. In tech, wafers can be found just about everywhere. The end users of semi wafers include many well known names like IBM, Apple, HP, Cisco, Nokia and Dell among others.
Figure 29
MEMC's announced long-term solar wafer supply contracts
Company Term Size
Suntech 10 year $5-6 billion
Gintech 10 year $3-4 billion
Conergy 10 year $4 billion*
Tainergy 10 year $3-3.5 billion
Total 10 year $15-17.5 billion Source: Company reports. Note: Conergy contract reduced from $7-8bn
Upcoming catalysts
! 23rd European Photovoltaic Energy Conference and Exhibition in Valencia, Spain on September 1-5, 2008
! MEMC mid-quarter status call on September 2nd to update investors on the poly production ramp
! Increased evidence of strength in semi equipment orders would increase confidence in semi wafer demand which is one of the key reasons for the stock poor performance as of late
! Passage of solar ITC in the U.S. which could happen some time in the fall upon Congress returning to session from summer holiday
! Solar Power International Conference in San Diego, USA on October 13-16, 2008
MEMC has secured over$15bn in long-term solar
wafer contracts
Potential Q2/Q3 catalyst
Section 4: China rising WFR - BUY
20 george.kotzias@us.calyon.com 19 August 2008
China rising There have been great expectations for the ramp up of new polysilicon, but supply from more than 30 eager Chinese poly producers has yet to materialize. The production which was expected by 2009, has been slow, as new entrants have find it technically challenging to enter the market. As a result, spot poly is still over $400 per kilogram. The meteoric rise of thin-film solar technology should also help ease demand for the semiconducting material along with the advancement of lower purity UMG-Si that is also on the radar. We feel confident that management will address and be able to stay in front of the ever-changing solar landscape.
Thin-film: Poly enemy #1 The unexpected success of thin-film poises a major threat to c-Si producers. Assumptions made just a few years ago that thin-film technologies would not be able to compete with the efficiency-superior c-Si technologies have since been retracted as thin-film continues to lead the industry in terms of yeild and growth.
Figure 30
c-Si and thin-film demand
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
2007A 2008E 2009E 2010E 2011E 2012E
Thin-filmc-Si
(MW)
Source: Photon international and Calyon Securities (USA) Inc. estimates
Thin-film companies, such as FSLR and ENER, have capitalized on the tight polysilicon supply market by increasing market share. We believe thin-film may capture 20% of market share in 2008, up from 12% in 2007 and 7% in 2006.
Figure 31
Share of competing PV technologies
CdTe5%
Ribbon c-Si4%
a-Si7%
Mono c-Si39%
Multi c-Si45%
Source: Calyon Securities (USA) Inc. estimates
Thin-film poses a threatto WFR
Thin-film may capture20% of market share in
2008
Uncertainties include upand coming Chinese polyproducers, thin-film and
UMG-Si
Section 4: China rising WFR - BUY
19 August 2008 george.kotzias@us.calyon.com 21
Aside from acting as an alternative for c-Si, thin-film has the advantage of versatility and adaptability. Thin-film solar cells are flexible, making them versatile and able to be integrated into various structures, such as buildings. Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) panels are still in a relatively early commercial stage; however, we believe the technology has strong potential. Thin-film cells are also able to withstand hot weather much better than c-Si, which can lose efficiency in high temperature environments. This adaptability to extreme climate conditions sets c-Si back in the bid to win some of the most promising emerging markets that have yet to garner much attention, such as the Middle East and Africa.
Figure 32
Many untapped solar markets are also the hottest
Source: NASA
Most importantly, thin-film leads the sector in pricing and is likely to be the first technology to achieve grid parity. While we recognize the importance of cell efficiency and the effect that reducing wafer size has on pricing, we also believe that in the end these increases in efficiency need to translate into a steep reduction in price per watt. In our recent report, Survey of U.S. Solar Integrators, we found that the majority of customers are more interested in price per watt than power density.
Figure 33 Figure 34
Module ASP forecast for c-Si and thin-film Importance of cell efficiency to solar integrators
0.0
1.02.0
3.04.0
5.0
6.07.0
8.09.0
10.0
2006A 2008E 2010E 2012E 2014E
c-Si ASP
Thin film ASP
($/Wp
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
Not important Somewhatimportant
Important Veryimportant
Mostimportant
(%)
Source: Calyon Securities (USA) Inc. estimates Source: Calyon Securities (USA) Inc. – Survey of U.S. Solar Integrators
c-Si can lose efficiency inhigh temperature
environments
Thin-film is likely to befirst technology toachieve grid parity
Section 4: China rising WFR - BUY
22 george.kotzias@us.calyon.com 19 August 2008
Upgraded metallurgic: Threat or Opportunity? The cinderalla story that is upgraded metallurgic silicon (UMG-Si) also reinforces the demand for superior pricing above all else. UMG-Si obtained a stamp of approval from Q-cells in 2007 and has since gained the attention of various cell makers while inflicting concern on many c-Si producers. We believe umg-Si has disruptive qualities and poses a significant threat to c-Si producers.
However, we were encouraged to hear CFO, Ken Hannah, regard UMG-Si as a potential “opportunity” on WFR’s 2Q08 earnings conference call. We see a possibility of WFR moving into the UMG-Si market if it is able to achieve comparable margins. In our opinion, WFR is among the best positioned in the industry to transition move into the UMG-Si market due to its strong financial and incumbent position.
Figure 35
UMG-Si production process
Source: China reality research – CLSA Asia Pacific Markets
However, even with a building number of threats aligning against c-Si, we believe that c-Si will remain the technology of choice for the residential market due the importance of power generation in constrained areas. While we are concerned over the near-term outlook for the housing sector in the U.S. and Europe, we are optimistic about the long-term prospect that the housing market presents to the solar industry. We believe that the residential market energy market will continue as a driving force in electricity growth as reflected by figure 36.
WFR CFO regards UMG-Sias opportunity during
conference call
c-Si will remaintechnology of choice for
residential market due tohigher efficiency
Section 4: China rising WFR - BUY
19 August 2008 george.kotzias@us.calyon.com 23
Figure 36
U.S. Electricity sales by sector
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Residential
IndustrialCommercial
(bn kWh)
Source: EIA
Hedge against thin-film growth? A somewhat overlooked product that MEMC produces is silane gas. We estimate that MEMC along with REC represent north of 70% of global silane production. In addition to the powerful position MEMC has in this market, we believe there is currently a shortage that could prove valuable to MEMC from a competitive perspective. Most Street estimates (including ours) currently do not account for significant revenue from the sale of silane gas, so there is potential for upside. Silane is a key gas used in the production of amorphous silicon (a-Si) cells. Should the growth of Applied Materials’ (AMAT US) SunFab brand a-Si manufacturing line materialize as the company expects, there could be meaningful supply increase of a-Si modules globally. This would increase demand for silane gas and therefore increase MEMC’s revenue in a virtually ignored segment.
a-Si thin-film growthcould potentially improve
MEMC’s top and bottomlines
Appendix 1: Investment risks WFR - BUY
24 george.kotzias@us.calyon.com 19 August 2008
Appendix 1: Investment risks
Although growth in the solar industry has been robust over the past few years, this has attracted new entrants into the market and brought with it the risk of excess polysilicon production capacity in the next few years.
The semiconductor industry is highly correlated to overall economic conditions. Therefore, a significant portion of WFR’s revenue and earnings are subject to general economic risk and can be highly cyclical. If the broader economy weakens, semiconductor demand is likely to slow in tandem.
The company is aggressively expanding polysilicon and 300mm production capacity to meet growing global demand from cell manufacturers. Such an expansion is subject to risks such as availability of capital equipment and delays in construction and ramp, and costs and spending in excess of budgeted amounts. The time and capital expenditure required for the expansion could disrupt the existing business, affect operating results, and distract the management team.
WFR’s profitability is greatly dependent upon its ability to execute and to meet customer demands. A failure to do so could result in a loss of customers and a decrease in sales.
WFR obtains several raw materials, equipment, parts and other supplies from sole suppliers. The company also attains all of the required granular polysilicon from the facility in Pasadena. Dependence on single and limited source suppliers could harm production output and adversely affect manufacturing throughput and yield.
The high level of growth within the solar industry in recent years has also experienced wide fluctuations caused by a lack of readily available supply of raw materials such as polysilicon. Some companies are supplying thin-film cells that avert the need for crystalline-based cells, which would be supplied by WFR. Increased use of thin-film and newly available polysilicon supply could lead to excess supply which may force the company to reduce prices.
WFR is subject to many of the risks that affect the solar industry including legislative risk. Solar companies are reliant on governments to foster demand for solar. This aid comes in the form of federal, state and local government incentives to end users. A reduction in, or expiration of governmental incentives could result in a decreased demand for wafers.
Legislative risk
Raw material risk
Expansion risk
Execution risk
Risk of excess capacity
General economic risk
Technology risk
Appendix 2: Summary financials WFR - BUY
19 August 2008 george.kotzias@us.calyon.com 25
Appendix 2: Summary financials Figure 37
Summary income statement
($m except per share data) 2007A 2008E 2009E 2010E Net revenue 1,921.8 2,256.1 2,719.2 3,373.3 Cost of revenue 921.3 1,090.1 1,414.0 1,922.8 Gross profit (loss) 1,000.5 1,166.0 1,305.2 1,450.5 Operating expenses
Research and development 39.3 38.6 38.1 43.9 SG&A 111.3 127.0 149.6 182.2 Restructuring costs - - - -
Operating income (loss) 849.9 1,000.4 1,117.6 1,224.5 Total other income (expense) (261.9) 181.6 (49.7) (71.0) Income (loss) before income taxes 1,111.8 818.8 1,167.3 1,295.5 Income tax expense (benefit) 282.2 261.9 175.1 194.3 Tax rate 25.4% 32.0% 15.0% 15.0%Net income (loss) pre minority int. 829.6 556.9 992.2 1,101.2 Non-recurring items 58.5 (379.6) (160.0) (150.0) Diluted share count 232.3 231.0 234.2 235.3 Net income (non-GAAP) 767.7 936.5 1,152.2 1,251.2 Non-GAAP EPS per common share 3.30 4.05 4.92 5.32 Source: Calyon Securities (USA) Inc. estimates
Figure 38
Summary balance sheet
($m) 2007A 2008E 2009E 2010E Cash and equivalents 1,316 1,588 2,276 2,981Accounts receivable 198 230 275 337Inventory 36 44 57 64Other current assets 39 39 39 39Total current assets 1,590 1,901 2,646 3,421Property, plant and equipment 834 1,202 1,507 1,847Other assets 464 207 157 157Total assets 2,887 3,309 4,310 5,425Accounts payable 32 38 49 66Other current liabilities 412 276 276 276Total current liabilities 444 313 325 342Long term debt 26 26 26 26Other non-current liabilities 347 347 347 347Shareholders' Equity 2,035 2,588 3,577 4,675Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity 2,887 3,309 4,310 5,425Source: Calyon Securities (USA) Inc. estimates
Appendix 3: Historical stock performance WFR - BUY
26 george.kotzias@us.calyon.com 19 August 2008
Appendix 3: Historical stock performance Figure 39
WFR’s stock and moving average
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
Nov-
06
Jan-
07
Mar-0
7
May-0
7
Jul-0
7
Sep-
07
Nov-
07
Jan-
08
Mar-0
8
May-0
8
Jul-0
8
WFR
50-day MovingAverage
Source: Factset, Calyon Securities (USA) Inc.
Figure 40
WFR’s indexed returns
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Nov-
06
Jan-
07
Mar-0
7
May-0
7
Jul-0
7
Sep-
07
Nov-
07
Jan-
08
Mar-0
8
May-0
8
Jul-0
8
REC-OSL
WFR
WCH-ETR
Source: Factset, Calyon Securities (USA) Inc.
WFR is trading below its50 day moving average…
…and the stock’s returnsare in line with its peers
Appendix 4: Management bios WFR - BUY
19 August 2008 george.kotzias@us.calyon.com 27
Appendix 4: Management bios Figure 41
Management summary
Position Name Age
Chairman of the Board John W. Warren President and CEO Nabeel Gareeb 43 Chief Financial Officer Kenneth H. Hannah 39 SVP, Manufacturing Sean Hunkler 45 SVP, Sales and Marketing John A. Kauffmann 51 SVP, Research and Development Shaker Sadasivam 48 SVP, Human Resources Mignon Cabrera 48 Chief Information Officer Michael Cheles 49 VP, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary Bradley D. Kohn 39
Source: Company reports, Calyon Securities (USA) Inc. estimates
Mr. Gareeb has been MEMC’s President and Chief Executive Officer since April 2002 and has been a Director since that time. Prior to joining MEMC, Mr. Gareeb was Chief Operating Officer of International Rectifier Corporation, a leading supplier of power semiconductors. Mr. Gareeb joined International Rectifier in 1992 as Vice President of Manufacturing and subsequently held other senior management positions.
Mr. Hannah joined MEMC as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in April 2006. Prior to joining MEMC, Mr. Hannah was employed by The Home Depot, Inc. from 2003 to 2006. Mr. Hannah most recently served as the Senior Vice President, Operations, covering all aspects of The Home Depot’s operations in the United States, Mexico, and Canada. Prior to that, he served as Senior Vice President, Finance, supporting all Home Depot stores in the United States and Mexico, as well as store operations and the global supply chain. Before Home Depot, from 2001 to 2003 Mr. Hannah worked as Vice President for The Boeing Company where he led the audit and financial planning functions. He also held senior finance positions at several GE divisions from 1997 to 2001.
Mr. Hunkler joined MEMC in August 2005 as Senior Vice President, Manufacturing. Prior to joining MEMC, from June 1984 to July 2005, Mr. Hunkler worked for Freescale Semiconductor (previously Motorola (Semiconductor Products Sector)), where he was most recently in charge of Final Manufacturing and, before that, Worldwide Wafer Fab Operations.
Dr. Sadasivam has been MEMC’s Senior Vice President, Research and Development since July 2002. Dr. Sadasivam was President of MEMC Japan Ltd., MEMC’s Japanese subsidiary, from April 2002 to June 2002. From July 2000 to March 2002, Dr. Sadasivam served as Director, Worldwide Operations Technology. Dr. Sadasivam was Director, Technology for MEMC Korea Company, the company’s South Korean subsidiary, from July 1999 to June 2000. From September 1997 to June 1999, Dr. Sadasivam held positions in the manufacturing technology group at the St. Peters facility.
Nabeel GareebChief Executive Officer
Kenneth H. HannahChief Financial Officer
Sean HunklerSVP, Manufacturing
Sahker SadasivamSVP, Research &
Development
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Appendix 5: Company comparables Figure 42
Solar stock multiples comparison 52 week Price/Sales (x) P/E (x) Company name BBerg
ticker Rating Price (Local) Target
($) Mkt cap
($m) High Low
EPS ‘08e
EPS ‘09e
2008E 2009E 2008E 2009E
POLY/INGOT/WAFER DC Chemical 010060 KP NR 334,000 NR 6,671 443,000 123,500 14,622 18,863 3.3 2.8 22.8 17.7Hoku Scientific HOKU US NR 5.31 NR 108 14.88 4.02 (0.44) 0.22 7.0 1.1 NM 23.9LDK LDK US NR 42.42 NR 4,498 76.75 19.64 1.70 3.54 2.9 1.9 25.0 12.0MEMC WFR US BUY 48.45 70.0 10,945 96.08 41.58 4.24 5.26 4.8 3.8 11.4 9.2Tokuyama 4043 JP NR 708.00 NR 1,772 1,801.00 595.00 65.03 64.49 0.6 0.5 10.9 11.0Shin-Etsu 4063 JP NR 6,390.00 NR 25,073 8,630.00 4,680.00 467.04 503.84 1.9 1.8 13.7 12.7Sino-American Silicon 5483 TT NR 138.00 NR 772 68.26 25.33 11.13 13.30 4.5 2.9 12.4 10.4Soitec SOI FP NR 4.74 NR 9,168 199.07 110.48 (0.25) 0.04 0.1 0.1 NM 115.6Sumco 3436 JP NR 2,330 NR 1,852 41.50 13.11 214.58 203.71 265.8 167.0 10.9 11.4Wacker Chemie WCH GR NR 119.70 NR 9,168 199.07 110.48 10.26 10.67 1.4 1.3 11.7 11.2ReneSola SOL US NR 17.93 NR 1,234 29.48 7.36 1.32 2.01 2.0 1.4 13.6 8.9Timminco TIM CN NR 12.28 NR 1,362 35.69 4.95 0.29 1.82 5.1 2.1 42.3 6.7Mean 26.9 16.7 16.9 21.2Median 2.9 1.8 12.4 11.2 CELL/MODULE Canadian Solar CSIQ US NR 27.50 NR 980 51.80 7.08 2.20 3.37 1.0 0.6 12.5 8.2China Sunergy CSUN US NR 9.05 NR 358 19.23 4.83 0.13 0.64 0.9 0.6 71.2 14.1Daystar Tech DSTI US NR 3.24 NR 108 7.71 2.35 (0.75) (0.80) NM 8.6 NM NME-Ton Solar 3452 TT NR 276.00 NR 890 294.50 137.52 14.86 22.26 2.0 1.2 18.6 12.4Energy Conversion Devices ENER US BUY 67.67 76.0 3,049 83.33 20.47 0.01 1.50 12.2 6.9 4,903.6 45.2Evergreen Solar ESLR US BUY 9.69 18.0 1,596 18.85 7.52 (0.24) 0.49 13.9 3.8 NM 19.6First Solar FSLR US BUY 256.92 345.0 20,565 317.00 88.21 2.93 5.81 16.8 9.4 87.8 44.2JA Solar JASO US NR 16.00 NR 2,470 27.00 9.84 0.93 1.52 2.3 1.3 17.2 10.6Solarfun SOLF US NR 16.20 NR 872 40.19 8.95 0.90 1.21 1.2 0.8 18.0 13.4SunPower SPWR US BUY 88.47 100.0 7,527 164.49 53.18 2.16 3.35 2.5 1.7 41.0 26.4Suntech STP US NR 36.09 NR 5,526 90.00 28.19 1.54 2.55 2.7 1.8 23.5 14.2Trina TSL US NR 30.14 NR 772 68.26 25.33 3.04 4.21 1.0 0.6 9.9 7.2Yingli YGE US NR 14.59 NR 1,852 41.50 13.11 0.97 1.76 1.7 1.0 15.0 8.3Mean 8.1 4.7 355.3 18.2 Median 2.5 1.8 22.5 14.1
Source: Bloomberg, FactSet, Calyon Securities (USA) Inc. estimates
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Appendix 6: MEMC Timeline Figure 43
MEMC Timeline
Year 1962 Bob Walsh, of MEMC, pioneers the Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) process. Over forty years later, it remains the industry standard. 1962 The Czochralski (CZ) crystal growing process is developed and put into manufacturing at MEMC. 1964 1" wafers go into commercial production at the MEMC "St. Peters Plant," formerly known as the St. Charles Plant. 1966 MEMC begins production of 1.5" wafers at St. Peters. The first EPI reactors are installed to run 1.25" and 1.5" material. Technologist Dr. Horst Kramer
discovers a breakthrough in silicon materials science, "Zero-Dislocation"or "Zero-D" silicon crystals. 1970 MEMC builds a plant in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2.25" wafers go into commercial production. 193 3" wafers go into commercial production at the St. Peters Plant. 1975 4 " (100mm) wafers go into commercial production at the St. Peters Plant. 1979 MEMC introduces 5" (125mm) wafer production at the St. Peters Plant. 1981 MEMC builds the Utsunomiya plant, becoming the first non-Japanese wafer maker with manufacturing and research facilities in Japan. MEMC builds Milton
Keynes plant; it is closed in 1990. 1981 MEMC begins commercial production of 6" (150mm) wafers. MEMC's Spartanburg, South Carolina plant is built; it is closed in 1998. 1981 MEMC ships wafers in the "Flip-Tran" cassette. The "can" is sealed with dry nitrogen to ensure cleanliness. 1982 MEMC, again an industry pioneer, develops Epi wafers for CMOS applications. 1984 MEMC begins commercial production of 8" (200mm) wafers. A pilot plant is also built to make granular polysilicon. 1987 Ethyl Corporation (Albemarle/MEMC) begins commercial production of granular polysilicon. 1989 Hüls AG of Marl, Germany, purchases Monsanto Electronic Materials Company through its subsidiary - Dynamite Nobel Silicon (DNS) of Italy. The combined
company is named, "MEMC Electronic Materials, Inc.", or MEMC. 1991 12" (300mm) wafers go into production. Pohang Iron & Steel, Samsung Electronics Company, LTD, and MEMC Electronic Materials, Inc., establish "Posco Hüls
Company" (PHC), a joint venture in Chonan, South Korea. 1994 Taisil Electronic Materials (TEM) is formed as a joint venture between MEMC, China Steel and others. It is located in Hsinchu, Taiwan. 1995 MEMC stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange in an Initial Public Offering (IPO) in July. Tickername is "WFR". 1995 MEMC Southwest, a joint venture with Texas Instruments, was established in Sherman, Texas to produce 6" wafers. MEMC acquires the granular poly facility
from Albemarle Corporation - it is renamed MEMC Pasadena, Inc. 1996 MEMC Southwest adds 8" production capacity to the Sherman site. 1999 Three new products are introduced to MEMC customers: Optia™, Aegis™, and MDZ®. Perfect Silicon™ brand wafers receive base patents and are transferred
into manufacturing. 2000 MEMC acquires 40% share of PHC to increase ownership to 80%; the facility is renamed "MEMC Korea Company", or MKC. 2001 Texas Pacific Group (TPG) purchases E.ON AG's interest In MEMC and restructures its debt. 2002 TPG converts preferred stock to common, increasing its ownership in MEMC to 90%. 2004 MEMC acquires remaining 55 percent of Taisil Electronic Materials Corporation (TEM) from China Steel, Chiao Tung Bank and the China Development Industrial
Bank. The joint venture between these companies was formed in 1994. 2004 MEMC announces that it has entered into a licensing agreement with Silicon Genesis Corp. (SiGen) to manufacture wafers using their layer transfer technology.
The agreement allows MEMC to utilize SiGen’s NanoTec™ suite of process capabilities in the production of layer transfer wafer products, including SOI and strained SOI.
2005 TPG Wafer Holdings LLC, completes the sale(s) of 85,000,000 shares of common stock. TPG's beneficial ownership of the company's common stock is reduced from 63% to approximately 25%.
2006 MEMC announces $5-6 billion agreement to supply China-based Suntech Power Holdings Co., with solar grade silicon wafers. The agreement covers a 10-year period beginning in the first quarter of 2007. In addition, MEMC receives a warrant to purchase a 4.9% equity stake in Suntech, one of the world’s leading manufacturer’s of photovoltaic (PV) cells.
Source: Company Reports
WFR - BUY
30 george.kotzias@us.calyon.com 19 August 2008
Notes
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Notes
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32 george.kotzias@us.calyon.com 19 August 2008
Notes
Analyst certification WFR - BUY
19 August 2008 george.kotzias@us.calyon.com 33
Analyst certification I, George Kotzias, hereby certify that the views expressed in this research report accurately reflect my own personal views about the securities and/or the issuers and that no part of my compensation was, is, or will be directly or indirectly related to the specific recommendation or views contained in this research report. In addition, the analysts included herein attest that they were not in possession of any material, non-public information regarding the subject company at the time of publication of the report.
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