A WARM WELCOMEA WARM WELCOMEFORFOR

SHAPOORJI PALLONJI ENGINEERS CONSTRUCTION

EVERY DROP COUNTS

A PRESENTATION ON A PRESENTATION ON SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESSSEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

• Compact Plants - Occupy Compact Plants - Occupy Minimum Space.Minimum Space.

• Less O&M CostLess O&M Cost• Less Manpower Less Manpower

requirementrequirement• No Odour Nuisance.No Odour Nuisance.• Flexibility for future Flexibility for future

ExpansionExpansion• Minimal Sludge Minimal Sludge

Handling.Handling.• Easy To Use & Operate.Easy To Use & Operate.

WASTE WATER WASTE WATER CONTAININGCONTAINING

CONTAMINANTSCONTAMINANTSBACTERIA HARMLESS END HARMLESS END

PRODUCTSPRODUCTS

CO2 + H2O + NEW BACTERIA

CH4 + H2O + NEW BACTERIA

PRESENCE OF O2

ABSENCE OF O2

AEROBIC

ANAEROBIC

THE PROCESS

• Most Ideal Solution• Large Land Requirement

However

• Routing pipelines through congested areas of the city. • Digging up of roads for laying of pipelines. • Construction of bridges for conveying pipelines across the river, if any• Setting up Sewage pumping stations

Massive Investment Required for

• Investment for laying of pipelines avoided.

• Investment in setting up pumping stations minimized.

• Reduced cost of operations due to absence of pumping.

• Treatment as close as possible to source of generation.

• Better flexibility to cater to future expansions.

• pHpH

• O & GO & G

• B.O.D.B.O.D.

• C.O.D.C.O.D.

• T.S.S.T.S.S.

• : 6 - 9: 6 - 9

• : 50 mg/l: 50 mg/l

• : 200-275 mg / l: 200-275 mg / l

• : 550-600: 550-600 mg / l mg / l

• : 350-450 mg / l: 350-450 mg / l

• PhPh

• O & G (mg / l )O & G (mg / l )

• B.O.D. (mg / l)B.O.D. (mg / l)

• C.O.D. (mg / l)C.O.D. (mg / l)

• T.S.S. (mg / l)T.S.S. (mg / l)

6-96-9

< 10< 10

< 30< 30

< 100 < 100

< 50 < 50

6.5 - 8.56.5 - 8.5

< 5< 5

< 10< 10

< 100< 100

< 10 < 10

PARAMETER NORMS FORDISPOSAL

FOR RECYCLE

For Disposal ToOn Land Water

Bodies

Gardening.

Operational Requirements of a Operational Requirements of a Wastewater Management SystemWastewater Management System

Meet CPCB / SPCB / WHO Norms Meet CPCB / SPCB / WHO Norms

Meet Coliform Count after TreatmentMeet Coliform Count after Treatment

Low Foot Print AreaLow Foot Print Area

Flexible in operation : Should accept varying Flexible in operation : Should accept varying loadsloads

Easy to Operate & Maintain Easy to Operate & Maintain

No smell / odourNo smell / odour

SEWAGE

TERTIARYTREATMENT

RECYCLE

DISPOSAL

For Removal OfSS, Oil etc.

For Reduction OfBOD, COD etc.

PRIMARYTREATMENT

Physical TreatmentScreening, Oil & Grease Removal

SEC.TREATMENT

Biological Treatment

Polishing UnitsDual Media Filter

Activated Carbon Filter

EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGYEVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGY• Oxidation PondsOxidation Ponds

• Anaerobic Systems (UASB/AF etc.)Anaerobic Systems (UASB/AF etc.)

• Aerobic ProcessesAerobic Processes– Suspended Growth : (ASP & Variants) Suspended Growth : (ASP & Variants) – Attached Growth Processes Attached Growth Processes

• S A F FS A F F

- - FLUIDISED BED REACTORFLUIDISED BED REACTOR (MBBR) (MBBR)

• Natural Mode Of Treatment.Natural Mode Of Treatment.• Large area requirement.Large area requirement.• Odour Nuisance Likely.Odour Nuisance Likely.• Consumes Power For Pumping Sewage Consumes Power For Pumping Sewage

Out Of The City.Out Of The City.• Complete Treatment Cannot Be Complete Treatment Cannot Be

Guaranteed.Guaranteed.• Expected Project Schedule - 1 - 2 YearsExpected Project Schedule - 1 - 2 Years

INFLUENT

EQUALISATIONTANK

AERATIONLAGOON

TREATED EFFLUENT

UASB - I

UASB - II

SLUDGE DRYINGBED

• Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor.Reactor.

• No Aeration Device Required.No Aeration Device Required.• Odour nuisanceOdour nuisance• Sensitive To Fluctuations / Shock Loads.Sensitive To Fluctuations / Shock Loads.• Calls For Adequate Post Aeration To Calls For Adequate Post Aeration To

Meet The Norms.Meet The Norms.• Regular Skilled Monitoring - Essentiality.Regular Skilled Monitoring - Essentiality.• Long Start Up Time : 3 - 4 MonthsLong Start Up Time : 3 - 4 Months• Restart Time : Minimum 1 MonthRestart Time : Minimum 1 Month

INFLUENT

EQUALISATIONTANK

TREATEDEFFLUENT

+

+

+

+

SLUDGE DRYINGBEDS

AERATION TANK

SEC. CLARIFIER

SLUDGE RECYCLE

SURFACE AERATOR

ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESSACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS

RECYCLED SLUDGE

SETTLINGTANK

AERATION TANK

AERATORS

TREATEDEFFLUENT

AFTERPRIMARY

TMT.

SLUDGE FOR TREATMENT / DISPOSAL

F / M ? M . L . S . S . ?

DISSOLVED OXYGEN ?

PUMPING COSTRECYCLED SLUDGE % ?

F / M : FOOD TO MICRO-ORGANISM RATIOM.L.S.S. : MIXED LIQUOR SUSPENDED SOLIDS

INHERENT PROBLEMS

• HIGH OPERATING COSTS

• COMPLEX MECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS

• SKILLED PROCESS OPERATIONS

• LARGE QUANTITY OF DIFFICULT TO HANDLE SLUDGE PRODUCED

• SUSCEPTIBLE TO SHOCK LOADS

• CONTINUOUS POWER SUPPLY REQUIRED

SCRENNING & EQUALISATION

RAWSEWAGE

V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V

M

M

SAFF REACTOR

AIR BLOWERS

AIRDIFFUSERS

FIXED MEDIA

SAFF TREATMENT SYSTEM

SLUDGEDRYING

BEDS

SLUDGE

(OPTIONAL)

FILTER PRESS

CHLORINATION

TREATEDSEWAGE

TUBESETTLER

BASED ON PRINCIPAL OF MOVING BED ATTACHED GROWTH

FBR ……….FBR ……….

• has media which supports the has media which supports the biomass.biomass.

• The media is in suspension, since The media is in suspension, since the specific gravity of the media the specific gravity of the media is less than that of water.is less than that of water.

• The fluidization of the media The fluidization of the media takes place by current set by takes place by current set by aeration.aeration.

V V V V V V V V V V V V

M

M

REACTOR - I REACTOR - II

AIR BLOWERS

AIRDIFFUSERS

FLOATING MEDIA

FBR TREATMENT SYSTEM

SLUDGEDRYING

BEDS

SLUDGE

(OPTIONAL)

FILTER PRESS

CHLORINATION

TREATEDSEWAGE

TUBESETTLER

TERTIARY TREATMENT

Oil &

Grease trap

Equalization

Cum

Collection

Tank

SCREEN

V V V V V V

A) EQUALISATION TANK

THE OBJECTIVE

• Dampen / absorb the effluent flow rate variations.

• Keep the effluent in mixed condition to obtain homogenous characteristics.

TO ENSURE

Desired treatment efficiency of the down line system.

A) EQUALISATION TANK

V V V V V V V

RAW SEWAGE

BAR SCREENCHAMBER

AIR GRID

EQUALISATION TANK

AIR BLOWER

M

M

FEEDPUMPS

FLUIDISEDFLUIDISEDBEDBED

REACTOR REACTOR (MBBR)(MBBR)

FEATURESFEATURESFROM

PRIMARY

FBREACTOR-I

A) TWO REACTORS IN SERIES

FBREACTOR-II

FEATURESFEATURESSEWAGE

INLET

SEWAGEOUTLET

B) NO SHORT CIRCUITING

FEATURESFEATURESSEWAGE

INLET

C) COUNTER CURRENT FLOW

AIR DISTRIBUTION GRID

V V V V

SEWAGE

AIR

FEATURESFEATURES

D) ENHANCED OXYGEN TRANSFER

V V V V V V V V

REACTOR WITHOUT CARRIER ELEMENTS

REACTOR WITH CARRIER ELEMENTS

AIRBUBBLES

FEATURESFEATURES

F) NO SLUDGE RECYCLING

FBREACTOR-I

FBREACTOR-II

AEROBIC / ANAEROBIC &FACULTATIVE LAGOONS

FB REACTOR

OXIDATION DITCH

COMPARATIVE AREA REQUIREMENTS

ASP

SAFF REACTOR

FB REACTOR

Specific Advantages of FBR over Specific Advantages of FBR over other processesother processes

• Very low area requirement : Approx. Very low area requirement : Approx. 1/10th That Of Conventional Processes1/10th That Of Conventional Processes

• High treatment efficiency.High treatment efficiency.• Digested Sludge - No Sludge Treatment Digested Sludge - No Sludge Treatment

Reqd.Reqd.• Ease Of Operation & Maintenance - Ease Of Operation & Maintenance -

Minimum Manpower.Minimum Manpower.• Quick re-start after prolonged shut-downsQuick re-start after prolonged shut-downs

– typically after 1 week shut down, re-start time typically after 1 week shut down, re-start time is only 12 hours.is only 12 hours.

HAVE A NICE DAY

THANK YOU ALLTHANK YOU ALLLet us allLet us all

make A Green Earthmake A Green Earth