Post on 25-Dec-2015
Maternal Nutrition and Diabetes
Diabetes Care at the Centre
October 2009
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Developmental Origins of Adult Diseases Paradigm
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Dietary changes from a hunter gatherer to Agriculture based diet
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Genotype Developmental disruption
Birth phenotype Adult phenotype Disease risk
Predictive adaptive responsesDevelopmental plasticity
Prenatal environments
Postnatal environments
Epigenetic change
Intergenerational environmental effects
Past history of population(selection, drift)
Match or Mismatch
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How can intergenerational change effect epigenetic change?
• Dutch hunger winter studies – grandchildren of the women pregnant during the famine still showed effects of the famine.
• Born small – small uterus constrains growth of next fetus• Female eggs in a woman’s ovaries formed and start
developing when she is still a fetus – thus grandmothers environment shapes early development
• Mitochondrial DNA – responsible for making some of the proteins essential for the energy maintenance of all cells comes solely from the maternal line via the mitochondria in the egg, and not via the sperm
(DNA transmitted directly from the grandmother to the granddaughter – grandchildren can’t control the
availability of food in their environment but they can be induced to alter their metabolism to make the best use of it)–
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Epigenetics – gene environment interactions
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Epigenetics – gene environment interactions
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Mismatch model of chronic disease
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The thrifty phenotype
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Cycles of disease risk
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Endocrine regulation of Fetal Growth
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Major Outcomes
Smoking and Pregnancy Community Feedback 2009 (Cairns, Townsville, Perth)
21st – 23rd October 2009
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Metabolic Syndrome in Early Pregnancy and Risk of Preterm Birth (Am J Epidemiology 2009;170:829-836)
Leda Chatzi, Estel Plana, Vasiliki Daraki, Polyxeni Karakosta, Dimitris Alegkakis,
Christos Tsatsanis, Antonis Kafatos, Antonis Koutis, and Manolis Kogevinas