Maternal Nutrition and Diabetes Diabetes Care at the Centre October 2009.
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Maternal Nutrition and Diabetes Diabetes Care at the Centre October 2009
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Transcript of Maternal Nutrition and Diabetes Diabetes Care at the Centre October 2009.
Maternal Nutrition and Diabetes
Diabetes Care at the Centre
October 2009
Page 2: Baker IDI
Developmental Origins of Adult Diseases Paradigm
Page 3: Baker IDI
Dietary changes from a hunter gatherer to Agriculture based diet
Page 4: Baker IDI
Genotype Developmental disruption
Birth phenotype Adult phenotype Disease risk
Predictive adaptive responsesDevelopmental plasticity
Prenatal environments
Postnatal environments
Epigenetic change
Intergenerational environmental effects
Past history of population(selection, drift)
Match or Mismatch
Page 5: Baker IDI
How can intergenerational change effect epigenetic change?
• Dutch hunger winter studies – grandchildren of the women pregnant during the famine still showed effects of the famine.
• Born small – small uterus constrains growth of next fetus• Female eggs in a woman’s ovaries formed and start
developing when she is still a fetus – thus grandmothers environment shapes early development
• Mitochondrial DNA – responsible for making some of the proteins essential for the energy maintenance of all cells comes solely from the maternal line via the mitochondria in the egg, and not via the sperm
(DNA transmitted directly from the grandmother to the granddaughter – grandchildren can’t control the
availability of food in their environment but they can be induced to alter their metabolism to make the best use of it)–
Page 6: Baker IDI
Epigenetics – gene environment interactions
Page 7: Baker IDI
Epigenetics – gene environment interactions
Page 8: Baker IDI
Mismatch model of chronic disease
Page 9: Baker IDI
The thrifty phenotype
Page 10: Baker IDI
Cycles of disease risk
Page 11: Baker IDI
Endocrine regulation of Fetal Growth
Page 12: Baker IDI
Major Outcomes
Smoking and Pregnancy Community Feedback 2009 (Cairns, Townsville, Perth)
21st – 23rd October 2009
Page 14: Baker IDI
Page 15: Baker IDI
Page 16: Baker IDI
Metabolic Syndrome in Early Pregnancy and Risk of Preterm Birth (Am J Epidemiology 2009;170:829-836)
Leda Chatzi, Estel Plana, Vasiliki Daraki, Polyxeni Karakosta, Dimitris Alegkakis,
Christos Tsatsanis, Antonis Kafatos, Antonis Koutis, and Manolis Kogevinas
