Post on 16-Jul-2018
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ThyssenKrupp Infrastructure
Integrated solutions for civil
and foundation engineering
Profile
Machinery
Anchor equipment
Types of anchorage
Round steel tie rods
The solution for sheet piles
Anchorage elements and accessories
TK-ASF drilled injection pile system
Maximum loading capacity,
minimum diameter
4 – 7
5
6
7
8 – 9
10 – 15
10
12
16 – 17
18 – 27
18
20
22
24
26
28
29
30 – 31
TITAN micropile
The economical system
Versatile
The method in detail
The universal solution for all soils
The secure anchorage
TITAN soil nails
Versatile anchors for every terrain
Driven anchor piles
Safe anchorage of high tensile forces
Construction equipment
State-of-the-art technology
for all applications
Contents
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ThyssenKrupp InfrastructureIntegrated solutions for civil and foundation engineering
Individually, ThyssenKrupp Bautechnik, ThyssenKrupp Tiefbautechnik and ThyssenKrupp Bauservice have already achieved success in the market in their own right. Now the three are merging to form one single company: ThyssenKrupp Infrastructure. In the future our combined strength will create even more sustainable value for our customers.
Whether it’s about mobility, urbanization, climate change or resource efficiency: As a leading supplier of civil, marine and foundation engineering solutions, we cover the full range of services for global infra-structure projects. Our portfolio is organized into four divisions: steel sections, machinery, trench shoring and scaffolding systems.
We see ourselves as a full-service supplier to the construction industry. We support and advise our customers all the way,
developing solutions precisely tailored to the job in hand. For this we can rely on the expert support of our own consulting engineers.
We provide our customers with all the products they need to execute their pro-jects. Most of these products come from our own production, such as MÜLLER pile driving and extracting equipment and TKL cold-formed sections. We are the exclusive distributors of TK-ASF anchor equipment
and Emunds + Staudinger | Krings trench shoring systems.
We place great emphasis on sustainability. Our steel products meet the highest environ-mental performance standards: They are produced with minimum energy consump-tion, are eco-friendly in use, straightforward to dismantle and virtually 100% recyclable. Our driving and extracting equipment is quiet and low on CO
2 emissions.
Global presence
With offices in Germany and throughout the world we are present
wherever our customers need us. We know the local markets and their
requirements and can provide tailored advice in the field, a key advantage
especially in after-sales service.
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Key elements of our integrated range of system solutions are the sale and hire of steel sheet piling, anchor equipment and flood protection systems. As a multi-supplier we provide a broad range of products from various manufacturers, supplemented by a comprehensive service package of consulting, technical support, logistics and leasing.
ThyssenKrupp InfrastructureSteel sections
Steel sectionsSheet piling has a diverse range of uses, extending from water, road, and civil engi-neering to environmental protection. Our portfolio of products and services is just as diverse.
Hot-rolled sheet steel sections• U sections• Z sections• Straight web sections• Combined steel sheet piling• Steel piles• Box piles• Intermediate piles
Cold-rolled sheet steel sections• Trench sheeting • Lightweight sections
Sealing systems• TK interlock sealing system HOESCH• Bitumen-based interlock sealants• Other sealing methods
Pipe piles
Beams
Special and regular services• Corrosion protection• Fabrication• Custom sections
Anchor equipmentWe provide a comprehensive range of anchors and accessories to meet a wide range of challenges (quay structures, on shore and offshore wind turbine foun dations, tunnels, excavations, retaining walls and slope stabilization). • TK-ASF drilled injection piles• Micropiles• Soil nails• Anchor piles• Round steel tie rods• Anchor drilling rigs• Accessories
Flood protectionAs an end-to-end service provider with a high level of expertise in marine and foun-dation engineering we offer our customers a broad spectrum of highly efficient flood protection systems for both permanent and temporary use. Permanent flood protection systems• Steel sheet pile walls• Sheet piling modules• TKR glass wall system
Temporary flood protection systems• TKR aluminum stop log system• Fold-up flood protection system• Stop panel system• Building protection – gates and doors• Aqua-Stop dam
Sheet piling adviser app The entire sheet piling range on your smartphone. Simply scan the code.
iOS Android
ThyssenKrupp InfrastructureMachinery
MachineryWe provide a full range of equipment for driving sheet piling, pipes, beams and other sections in light- to heavy-duty operations to ensure the econom ical implementation of your construction project. Together with MÜLLER driving and extracting equipment and KRUPP drilling equipment we also use our own products.
Vibratory equipment• MÜLLER vibrators (onshore and offshore)• MÜLLER excavator-mounted vibrators• MÜLLER power packs• MÜLLER leader-mounted vibrators• MÜLLER clamping devices
Leader mast equipment• ABI MOBILRAM systems1
• BANUT fixed leader masts• DELMAG drilling rigs• Presses and special equipment
Drilling equipment• MÜLLER drill drives • KRUPP hydraulic hammer drills• KRUPP double-head drilling systems• KRUPP VibroDrills• HUETTE anchor drilling rigs2
Driving equipment• DELMAG diesel hammers• MENCK freefall hammers• GIKEN Silent Pilers3
Jack-up docks and platforms
1 Exclusive distributors in Germany, Brazil, Australia2 Exclusive distributors in Eastern Europe, Russia, Kazakhstan3 Exclusive distributors in Germany
The right machinery and equipment is the key to cost-effective execution of marine and foundation projects. We therefore supply not only driving and extracting equipment, machinery and accessories, but also the right technical solutions in one precisely tailored, complete package, matched to suit even the most diverse on-site requirements.
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Types of anchorageWe distinguish between anchors and piles, depending on their design. Port and harbor structures, especially quay walls, are fre-quently subjected to high tensile forces and therefore require driven anchor piles. For many years, ThyssenKrupp Infrastructure has been a key partner for anchor equipment in a great many major interna-tional projects. Our product portfolio includes the following systems:
Anchorages with round steel tie rodsAnchors with anchor plates/walls (“dead man” constructions)These anchorage designs consist of round steel tie rods installed horizontally and fixed to an anchor wall or anchor plate in the ground. The load-carrying capacity of such anchors is limited by the earth pressure that can be mobilized in front of the anchor plate or wall. Both the threaded and the plain parts of the tie rod must be checked. For practical reasons, tie rods less than 1½ inches in diameter should not be chosen.> For further information see EAU 2012 section 8.2.7 (R 20)
Ground anchorsGround anchors consist of a steel tendon surrounded by a body of grout. The tensile forces are either transferred continuously from the steel tendon to the body of grout (bonded anchor) or they are transferred via a tube in compression embedded in the grout (duplex anchor). Both systems exploit skin friction to transfer the forces to the ground. The steel tendon must be able to deform freely within a casing so that the ground anchor can be pre-stressed. Tendons (in tension) can be in the form of threaded rods or prestressing wire.
Ground anchors are normally installed in drilled holes, formed with or without the help of a drilling/flushing fluid. A casing is inserted to the full depth of the hole and then the steel tendon is inserted. A cement grout is forced in via grouting lines as the casing is with-drawn. The drilled hole is flushed out above the design length of the body of grout and filled, in order to avoid creating a structural bond between the wall being anchored and the anchoring body of grout. Specific multistage grouting can burst open a body of grout that has already set and force this against the soil, which mobilizes much higher skin friction values. Ground anchors are covered by DIN EN 1537.
Retractable raking anchorsRetractable raking anchors are used with quay walls that are built directly in the water. The tension element is in the form of a steel section that is welded to an anchor plate. This element can be rotated at the anchor head/wall connection detail. It is attached to the wall while suspended from a crane and subsequently lowered into position. The resistance of this design is not activated until the space behind the wall is backfilled, and is made up of the horizontal earth pressure and the vertical weight of the soil on the anchor plate.> For further information see EAU 2012 section 9.4
Anchorages with micropilesMicropiles (diameter ≤ 300 mm)The term micropile covers various non-prestressed, small-diameter piles that transfer the tensile forces into the soil by way of skin friction. Their manufacture is covered by DIN EN 14199 in conjunction with DIN SPEC 18539. We distinguish between drilled injection piles, tubular grouted piles and cast-in-place concrete piles. The drilled injection pile has a continuous, prefabricated steel tendon with a rolled thread. Like a ground anchor, it is inserted into a drilled hole that is then filled with cement grout over its full depth. The standardized thread at the head of the pile results in straightforward connection details for sheet piles and reinforced concrete walls.
The TITAN micropile, which belongs to the group of tubular grouted piles, has a steel tendon in the form of a ribbed hollow steel bar, which serves as both sacrificial drilling rod and injection tube. Radial jets ensue at the tip of the drilling rod to cut away the soil and at the same time fill the resulting hole with grout. A key advantage of this system is that it is neither necessary to insert the steel tendon after drilling the hole nor withdraw a casing. In soft soils, ground with a high water table or weathered rock, where the drilled hole would collapse, a casing is unnecessary because a bentonite slurry can be used to keep the hole open. The dynamic injection of cement slurry directly after drilling results in a mechanical interlock between body of grout and soil. The good shear bond means that only minor deformations of the pile head ensue under service loads.> For further information see EAU 2012 section 9.3 Micropiles
Anchor equipmentTypes of anchorage
Irrespective of the type of anchor, we make a fundamental distinction between two types of anchor, according to their function: temporary anchors, which are usable for a maximum of two years, and permanent anchors, which primarily meet higher standards of corrosion protection.
Driven pilesVarious steel sections, concrete piles, and precast concrete piles can be used as anchor piles. These piles carry the tensile forces on their surface by way of skin friction. They are mainly used for quay wall construction where high tensile forces occur. Steel piles enable a straightforward welded connection between pile and retaining wall structure. Driven piles at relatively shallow angles are guided by leaders. Slow-action hammers are preferred to rapid-action equipment. In the case of raking anchor piles, settlement due to backfilling, relieving excavations, or the installation of further piles behind the sheet piling can lead to loads at an angle to the axis of the pile. These additional deformations cause an increase in the stresses in the pile, which in some circumstances means that the maximum axial force occurs not at the head of the pile but behind the sheet piling. This must be taken into account when designing the piles and the connection to the wall.> For further information regarding the design and driving of piles
see EAU 2012, section 9 (R 217)
Driven pile with grouted skinThis type of pile consists of a steel section with a special driving shoe that cuts a prismatic void in the soil during driving. Cement grout is injected into this at the same time as driving, which results in a bond between pile, grout and soil. This bond achieves skin friction values that are three to five times higher than with a nongrouted pile.> For further information see EAU 2012 section 9.2 (R 217)
Vibratory-driven grouted pileThis type of pile is usually in the form of a steel H-section (e.g. IPB or similar). The toe of such a pile is widened with welded web and flange plates. As the pile is vibrated into the ground, these plates displace the soil and create a corresponding void into which a cement suspension is injected in order to increase the skin friction of the pile.> For further information see EAU 2012 section 9.2 (R 217)
Jet-grouted pilesThis is a bored pile with an enlarged toe. A steel section is used for the tension member. At the base of the pile the soil is cut away with a high-pressure water jet and mixed with mortar.> For further information see EAU 2012 section 9.4
Load-bearing capacitiesThe load-bearing capacities of anchors and piles are essentially determined by the force transfer between steel tendon and soil. This is achieved either by enlarging the anchor, e.g. by means of a body of grout (jet-grouted pile) or via skin friction (driven pile, micropile, pressure-grouted pile, pile with grouted skin). The load-bearing capacities of horizontal round steel tie rods can be calculated from the maximum earth pressure that can be mobilized in front of the anchor wall before the anchoring soil fails. > For further information see EAU 2012 section 8.2.7 (R 20)
* Recommendations of the Committee for Waterfront Structures, Harbours and Waterways
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Round steel tie rodsThe solution for sheet pile walls
An anchorage employing round steel tie rods is an economical solution for securing a sheet pile wall, which can be adapted to suit the situation. The forces acting on the wall are transferred via the waling to the round steel tie rods and then to the anchor plates or walls. The selection and design of the anchoring structure is done in accordance with static and structural requirements.
Critical for the design are the reaction A and the analysis of the lower slip plane, both of which result from the structural calculations for the sheet piles. A waling transfers the forces acting on the sheet piles to the anchors. At the same time, it serves to align and stiffen the wall. The anchor transfers the reaction due to the sheet piles via the waling to the anchorage. The task of the anchorage is to transfer the forces from the main wall to the subsoil.
Round steel tie rods are preferably installed horizontally or with only a shallow inclination because otherwise if the anchor wall is very deep, large quantities of soil must be excavated for the con-nection to the anchorage. The length required for the round steel tie rod results from the analysis of the lower slip plane. The depth of the anchor plate is determined by analyzing the safety against failure of the soil in front of the anchor plate.
Anchorage elements and accessoriesUpon request, we can supply a complete package from one source, consisting of the supply and installation of all the anchorage
elements and accessories required for sheet piling structures. Apart from anchors and anchor parts, anchor connection elements, walings and waling fixings, sheet pile wall capping beams, recesses, ladders and mooring lugs plus bollards and special components are also part of our range.
Applications• Cofferdams• Ports and harbors• Waterways• Locks
Advantages• Optimum transfer of tensile forces• Better dispersion of bending moments thanks
to excellent elasticity• Extendable with the help of couplers or turnbuckles• Minimal surface for corrosion• Adjustable to exact length
Steel sheet pile
Waling bracket
Waling connection with universal joint
Eye rod
Rear end plate + nut
Waling
TurnbuckleAnchor extension
Coupler
Anchor wall
Round steel tie rod components and connecting elements
> RECENT PROJECTS Duisburg, Germany: port works, Parallelhafen // Duisburg, Germany: Logport II // Essen, Germany: ThyssenKrupp headquarters //
Minden, Germany: Weser river locks // Haifa, Israel: port works // Vlissingen, the Netherlands: port works, Scaldiahaven
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Round steel tie rodsAnchorage elements and accessories
Nominal size inches 1½ 1¾ 2 2¼ 2½ 2¾ 3 3¼ 3½ 3¾ 4 4¼ 4½ 4¾ 5 5¼ 5½ 5¾ 6
Diameter D mm 38 45 50 58 63 70 75 83 90 95 100 110 115 120 125 130 140 145 150
Permissible design resistance kN: without upset ends
S 355 200 270 356 451 569 684 829 973 1145 1311 1511 1711 1936 2160 2410 2661 2936 3210 3521
ASF 500 280 378 499 632 797 957 1160 1363 1603 1835 2115 2395 2710 3024 3374 3725 4110 4494 4929
ASF 600 361 486 641 812 1025 1231 1492 1752 2061 2360 2719 3079 3485 3887 4338 4790 5285 5778 6338
Øcore min. mm 32.7 37.9 43.6 49.1 55.4 60.6 66.9 72.5 78.9 84.4 90.8 96.7 103.0 108.8 115.1 121.0 127.2 133.0 139.6
Øflank min. mm 35.4 41.2 47.2 53.1 59.4 65.2 71.6 77.6 83.9 89.8 96.2 102.3 108.7 114.8 121.1 127.2 133.5 139.6 145.9
Øshaft mm 35.0 41.0 47.0 53.0 59.0 65.0 71.0 77.0 83.0 89.0 96.0 102.0 108.0 114.0 121.0 127.0 133.0 139.0 145.0
As cm2 9.1 12.3 16.2 20.5 25.9 31.1 37.7 44.2 52.0 59.6 68.7 77.8 88.0 98.2 109.5 121.0 133.4 145.9 160.0
Ag cm2 9.6 13.2 17.3 22.1 27.3 33.2 39.6 46.6 54.1 62.2 72.4 81.7 91.6 102.1 115.0 126.7 138.9 151.7 165.1
Weight kg/m 7.6 10.4 13.6 17.3 21.5 26.0 31.1 36.6 42.5 48.8 56.8 64.1 71.9 80.1 90.3 99.4 109.1 119.1 129.6
Round steel tie rods to EAU 2012, R 20 (based on DIN EN 1993-5) Anchor with upset ends – rolled thread
Nominal size inches 1½ 1¾ 2 2¼ 2½ 2¾ 3 3¼ 3½ 3¾ 4 4¼ 4½ 4¾ 5 5¼ 5½ 5¾ 6
Diameter D mm 38 45 50 58 63 70 75 83 90 95 100 110 115 120 125 130 140 145 150
Permissible design resistance kN: with upset ends
S 355 185 248 328 417 530 635 773 908 1076 1231 1425 1616 1833 2045 2289 2530 2796 3056 3367
ASF 500 259 347 460 583 742 888 1083 1272 1506 1723 1994 2262 2566 2864 3205 3542 3914 4279 4714
ASF 600 333 447 591 750 955 1142 1392 1635 1936 2215 2564 2908 3300 3682 4120 4554 5032 5502 6061
Øcore mm 32.7 37.9 43.6 49.1 55.4 60.6 66.9 72.5 78.9 84.4 90.8 96.7 103.0 108.8 115.1 121.0 127.2 133.0 139.6
Øshaft mm 35.0 41.0 38.0 45.0 50.0 52.0 58.0 65.0 70.0 75.0 80.0 83.0 90.0 95.0 100.0 105.0 110.0 115.0 120.0
Acore cm2 8.4 11.3 14.9 18.9 24.1 28.8 35.2 41.3 48.9 55.9 64.8 73.4 83.3 93.0 104.0 115.0 127.1 138.9 153.1
Ag cm2 9.6 13.2 11.3 15.9 19.6 21.2 26.4 33.2 38.5 44.2 50.3 54.1 63.6 70.9 78.5 86.6 95.0 103.9 113.1
Weight kg/m 7.6 10.4 8.9 12.5 15.4 16.7 20.7 26.0 30.2 34.7 39.5 42.5 49.9 55.6 61.7 68.0 74.6 81.5 88.8
Nominal size inches 1½ 1¾ 2 2¼ 2½ 2¾ 3 3¼ 3½ 3¾ 4 4¼ 4½ 4¾ 5 5¼ 5½ 5¾ 6
Diameter D mm 38 45 50 58 63 70 75 83 90 95 100 110 115 120 125 130 140 145 150
Permissible design resistance kN: with upset ends
S 355 200 270 356 451 569 684 829 973 1145 1311 1511 1711 1936 2160 2410 2661 2936 3210 3521
ASF 500 280 378 499 632 797 957 1160 1363 1603 1835 2115 2395 2710 3024 3374 3725 4110 4494 4929
ASF 600 361 486 641 812 1025 1231 1492 1752 2061 2360 2719 3079 3485 3887 4338 4790 5285 5778 6338
Øcore min. mm 32.7 37.9 43.6 49.1 55.4 60.6 66.9 72.5 78.9 84.4 90.8 96.7 103.0 108.8 115.1 121.0 127.2 133.0 139.6
Øflank min. mm 35.4 41.2 47.2 53.1 59.4 65.2 71.6 77.6 83.9 89.8 96.2 102.3 108.7 114.8 121.1 127.2 133.5 139.6 145.9
Øshaft mm 35.0 41.0 38.0 45.0 50.0 52.0 58.0 65.0 70.0 75.0 80.0 83.0 90.0 95.0 100.0 105.0 110.0 115.0 120.0
As cm2 9.1 12.3 16.2 20.5 25.9 31.1 37.7 44.2 52.0 59.6 68.7 77.8 88.0 98.2 109.5 121.0 133.4 145.9 160.0
Ag cm2 9.6 13.2 11.3 15.9 19.6 21.2 26.4 33.2 38.5 44.2 50.3 54.1 63.6 70.9 78.5 86.6 95.0 103.9 113.1
Weight kg/m 7.6 10.4 8.9 12.5 15.4 16.7 20.7 26.0 30.2 34.7 39.5 42.5 49.9 55.6 61.7 68.0 74.6 81.5 88.8
Nominal size inches 1½ 1¾ 2 2¼ 2½ 2¾ 3 3¼ 3½ 3¾ 4 4¼ 4½ 4¾ 5 5¼ 5½ 5¾ 6
Diameter D mm 38 45 50 58 63 70 75 83 90 95 100 110 115 120 125 130 140 145 150
Permissible design resistance kN: without upset ends
S 355 185 248 328 417 530 635 773 908 1076 1231 1425 1616 1833 2045 2289 2530 2796 3056 3367
ASF 500 259 347 460 583 742 888 1083 1272 1506 1723 1994 2262 2566 2864 3205 3542 3914 4279 4714
ASF 600 333 447 591 750 955 1142 1392 1635 1936 2215 2564 2908 3300 3682 4120 4554 5032 5502 6061
Øcore mm 32.7 37.9 43.6 49.1 55.4 60.6 66.9 72.5 78.9 84.4 90.8 96.7 103.0 108.8 115.1 121.0 127.2 133.0 139.6
Øshaft mm 35.0 41.0 47.0 53.0 59.0 65.0 71.0 77.0 83.0 89.0 96.0 102.0 108.0 114.0 121.0 127.0 133.0 139.0 145.0
Acore cm2 8.4 11.3 14.9 18.9 24.1 28.8 35.2 41.3 48.9 55.9 64.8 73.4 83.3 93.0 104.0 115.0 127.1 138.9 153.1
Ag cm2 9.6 13.2 17.3 22.1 27.3 33.2 39.6 46.6 54.1 62.2 72.4 81.7 91.6 102.1 115.0 126.7 138.9 151.7 165.1
Weight kg/m 7.6 10.4 13.6 17.3 21.5 26.0 31.1 36.6 42.5 48.8 56.8 64.1 71.9 80.1 90.3 99.4 109.1 119.1 129.6
Anchor without upset ends – rolled thread
The design resistances are calculated using the following two equations taken from EAU 2012, R 20,
for the shaft and core cross sections:
Ftg,Rd
= perm. Rd1
Shaft cross section: Ag · fy,k
/ gM0 where gM0 = 1.00
Ftt,Rd
= perm. Rd2
Core cross section: kt · Acore · fua,k
/ gM2 where gM2 = 1.25 kt = 0.55
The smaller of Rd1
or Rd2
governs!
Verification that Zd < Rd for ultimate limit state to EAU 2012, R 20:
Zd: design value of anchor force Zd = ZG,K · gG + ZQ,k · gQ fy,k: yield stress
Rd: design resistance of anchor Rd = min [Ftt,Rd; Ftg,Rd] fua,k: tensile strength
Ag: cross-sectional area in shaft zone gM0: partial safety factor to DIN EN 1993-5 for anchor shaft
Acore: area of core cross section in threaded zone gM2
: partial safety factor to DIN EN 1993-5 for threaded portion
kt: notch factor to EAU 2012, R 20
The yield stress and tensile strength can be confirmed by works certificates. All calculations and values are to be checked by the customer.
fy,k fua,k
S 355 355 500 N/mm2
ASF 500 500 700 N/mm2
ASF 600 600 900 N/mm2
Round steel tie rods to Eurocode 3 (to DIN EN 1993-5) Anchor with upset ends – rolled thread
Anchor without upset ends – rolled thread
Verification that Zd < Rd for the ultimate limit state to DIN EN 1993-5:
Zd: design value of anchor force Zd = ZG,K · gG + ZQ,k · gQ
Rd: design resistance of anchor Rd = min [Ftt,Rd; Ftg,Rd]
Ag: gross cross-sectional area of anchor rod
As: tensile stress area in threaded portion [Østress = (Øcore, min + Øflank, min )/2] – to DIN EN 1993-5
The yield stress and tensile strength can be confirmed by works certificates. All calculations and values are to be checked by the customer.
fy: yield stress
fua: tensile strength
gM0: partial safety factor to DIN EN 1993-5 for anchor shaft
gM2
: partial safety factor to DIN EN 1993-5 for threaded portion
kt: notch factor to DIN EN 1993-5/NA
The design resistances are calculated using the following two equations (DIN EN 1993-5) for the shaft
and core cross sections:
Ftg,Rd
= perm. Rd1
Shaft cross section: Ag · fy
/ gM0 where gM0 = 1.00
Ftt,Rd
= perm. Rd2
Stressed cross section: kt · As · fua / gM2
where gM2 = 1.25 kt = 0.55
fy fua
S 355 355 500 N/mm2
ASF 500 500 700 N/mm2
ASF 600 600 900 N/mm2
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Round steel tie rodsAnchorage elements and accessories
Nominal size metric 39 45 52 56 64 72 76 85 90 95 100 110 115 120 125 130 140 145 150
Diameter D mm 39 45 52 56 64 72 76 85 90 95 100 110 115 120 125 130 140 145 150
Permissible design resistance kN
S 355 211 282 381 440 579 750 845 1076 1217 1366 1522 1863 2048 2240 2440 2651 3095 3331 3575
ASF 500 296 394 533 616 810 1050 1183 1506 1703 1913 2131 2609 2867 3135 3416 3711 4334 4663 5005
ASF 600 380 507 685 792 1041 1350 1521 1936 2190 2459 2740 3354 3687 4031 4392 4772 5572 5995 6435
Øcore min. mm 33.7 39.0 45.4 48.7 56.1 64.1 68.1 77.1 82.1 87.1 92.0 102.0 107.0 112.0 117.0 122.0 132.0 137.0 142.0
Øflank min. mm 36.1 41.8 48.4 52.1 59.7 67.7 71.7 80.7 85.7 90.7 95.7 105.7 110.7 115.7 120.7 125.7 135.7 140.7 145.7
Øshaft mm 38.0 38.0 38.0 45.0 50.0 52.0 58.0 65.0 70.0 75.0 80.0 83.0 90.0 95.0 100.0 105.0 110.0 115.0 120.0
As cm2 9.6 12.8 17.3 20.0 26.3 34.1 38.4 48.9 55.3 62.1 69.2 84.7 93.1 101.8 110.9 120.5 140.7 151.4 162.5
Ag cm2 11.3 11.3 11.3 15.9 19.6 21.2 26.4 33.2 38.5 44.2 50.3 54.1 63.6 70.9 78.5 86.6 95.0 103.9 113.1
Weight kg/m 8.9 8.9 8.9 12.5 15.4 16.7 20.7 26.0 30.2 34.7 39.5 42.5 49.9 55.6 61.7 68.0 74.6 81.5 88.8
Round steel tie rods to Eurocode 3 (to DIN EN 1993-5) Anchor with upset ends – rolled thread
Nominal size metric 39 45 52 56 64 72 76 85 90 95 100 110 115 120 125 130 140 145 150
Diameter D mm 39 45 52 56 64 72 76 85 90 95 100 110 115 120 125 130 140 145 150
Permissible design resistance kN
S 355 211 282 381 440 579 750 845 1076 1217 1366 1522 1863 2048 2240 2440 2651 3095 3331 3575
ASF 500 296 394 533 616 810 1050 1183 1506 1703 1913 2131 2609 2867 3135 3416 3711 4334 4663 5005
ASF 600 380 507 685 792 1041 1350 1521 1936 2190 2459 2740 3354 3687 4031 4392 4772 5572 5995 6435
Øcore min. mm 33.7 39.0 45.4 48.7 56.1 64.1 68.1 77.1 82.1 87.1 92.0 102.0 107.0 112.0 117.0 122.0 132.0 137.0 142.0
Øflank min. mm 36.1 41.8 48.4 52.1 59.7 67.7 71.7 80.7 85.7 90.7 95.7 105.7 110.7 115.7 120.7 125.7 135.7 140.7 145.7
Øshaft mm 36.0 42.0 48.5 52.0 60.0 68.0 72.0 81.0 86.0 91.0 96.0 106.0 111.0 116.0 121.0 126.0 136.0 141.0 146.0
As cm2 9.6 12.8 17.3 20.0 26.3 34.1 38.4 48.9 55.3 62.1 69.2 84.7 93.1 101.8 110.9 120.5 140.7 151.4 162.5
Ag cm2 10.2 13.9 18.5 21.2 28.3 36.3 40.7 51.5 58.1 65.0 72.4 88.2 96.8 105.7 115.0 124.7 145.3 156.1 167.4
Weight kg/m 8.0 10.9 14.5 16.7 22.2 28.5 32.0 40.5 45.6 51.1 56.8 69.3 76.0 83.0 90.3 97.9 114.0 122.6 131.4
Anchor without upset ends – rolled thread
Eye rods and T-heads according to ASF Eye rods
T-head rods
Nominal size inches 1½ 1¾ 2 2¼ 2½ 2¾ 3 3¼ 3½ 3¾ 4 4¼ 4½ 4¾ 5 5¼ 5½ 5¾ 6
Diameter D mm 38 45 50 57 63 70 75 83 90 95 100 110 115 120 125 130 140 145 150
a mm 72 85 105 110 125 135 155 165 180 190 210 230 240 255 280 275 290 300 310
b mm 32 38 48 50 58 63 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 110 115 120 125 130 140
k mm 50 60 70 75 85 90 105 110 120 130 135 165 170 180 190 195 205 205 230
Nominal size inches 1½ 1¾ 2 2¼ 2½ 2¾ 3 3¼ 3½ 3¾ 4 4¼ 4½ 4¾ 5 5¼ 5½ 5¾ 6
Diameter D mm 38 45 50 57 63 70 75 83 90 95 100 110 115 120 125 130 140 145 150
a mm 100 100 110 115 125 135 145 160 180 185 190 205 220 235 235 245 260 270
b mm 38 40 50 55 69 60 70 70 75 75 80 90 90 95 100 130 135 140
All values are to be checked by the customer.
Verification that Zd < Rd for the ultimate limit state to DIN EN 1993-5:
Zd: design value of anchor force Zd = ZG,K · gG + ZQ,k · gQ
Rd: design resistance of anchor Rd = min [Ftt,Rd; Ftg,Rd]
Ag: cross-sectional area in shaft zone
As: tensile stress area in threaded portion [Østress = (Øcore, min + Øflank, min )/2] – to DIN EN 1993-5
The design resistances are calculated using the following two equations (DIN EN 1993-5) for the shaft
and core cross sections:
Ftg,Rd
= perm. Rd1
Shaft cross section: Ag · fy
/ gM0 where gM0 = 1.00
Ftt,Rd
= perm. Rd2
Stressed cross section: kt · As · fua / gM2
where gM2 = 1.25 kt = 0.55
fy fua
S 355 355 500 N/mm2
ASF 500 500 700 N/mm2
ASF 600 600 900 N/mm2
fy: yield stress
fua: tensile strength
gM0: partial safety factor to DIN EN 1993-5 for anchor shaft
gM2
: partial safety factor to DIN EN 1993-5 for threaded portion
kt: notch factor to DIN EN 1993-5/NA
The yield stress and tensile strength can be confirmed by works certificates. All calculations and values are to be checked by the customer.
16 17
In collaboration with foundation engineering companies, ThyssenKrupp has developed a new type of micropile. The advantage of this innovative anchoring is that the TK-ASF drilled injection pile system can introduce extremely high service loads into the subsoil with a small drilling diameter, using special injection techniques. The new micropile is exceptionally robust and hardly deforms. The reason is the high load reserves achieved through the use of tempered steel grades in accordance with DIN EN 10025-2. A special type of thread ensures that the crack widths in the cement body of grout are minimal. Using a Whitworth thread on the anchor head, other components such as load distribution plates, turnbuckles or universal joints can be easily adapted. The TK-ASF drilled injection pile system has proven its worth in over 100 reference projects totaling more than 500,000 meters drilled.
The most important advantages at a glanceThe general National Technical Approval of the TK-ASF has been applied for and will be examined and certified by the German Institute for Civil Engineering. In addition, the approval of a unique connection for a temporary steel structure has been applied for.
• Designed to withstand maximum strain of up to 7,930 kN – approx. 70% more than conventional piles
• Can be used as compression and tension piles in accordance with DIN EN 14199
• Low steel strain guarantees rapid activation of forces with low deformation
• Corrosion protection along the entire length due to the alkaline environment of the cement covering, which saves time and costs
• No length limit: up to 35 m deliverable ex-works, unlimited extension possible using coupling sleeve or couplers
TK-ASF drilled injection pile systemMaximum loading capacity, minimum diameter
> RECENT PROJECTS Duisburg, Germany: Logport // Duisburg, Germany: port works, Parallelhafen // Duisburg, Germany: port works, Rheinkai //
Frankfurt, Germany: port works, Osthafen // Riesa, Germany: port works // Bremerhaven, Germany: new port // Ludwigshafen, Germany:
port works // Essen, Germany: port works // Bonn, Germany: port works, Rheinhafen
Anchor head on temporary concrete structure Anchor head on temporary steel structure
Schematic diagram with anchor head connection in concrete
Centralizer
Nut
End plate
Thread measured in inches
PE-HD pipe, filled with corrosion protection compound
Pile collar
Shrink tube
Rolled thread
Nominal size inches 2 2½ 3* 3½* 4* 4¼* 4½ 5 5½ 6
Diameter D mm 50 63 75 90 100 110 115 125 140 150
Øcore mm 42.9 54.7 66.2 78.1 90.0 95.8 102.2 114.4 126.5 138.8
Øflank mm 46.8 59.0 71.1 83.4 95.7 101.8 108.1 120.6 133.0 145.4
Thread Astress cm² 15.8 25.4 37.0 51.3 67.7 76.7 86.9 108.4 132.2 158.6
Without upset ends, characteristic resistance Rt,k kN 790 1269 1851 2563 3385 3835 4344 5418 6609 7930
Without upset ends, design resistance Rt,d kN 687 1104 1609 2229 2943 3335 3777 4711 5747 6896
Weight kg/m 13.6 21.5 31.1 42.5 56.8 64.1 71.9 90.3 109.1 129.6
* National Technical Approval applied for
Permissible design resistances to EC7-1 section 7
Round steel tie rods (Whitworth thread) / steel grade ASF 500/700
18 19
Micropiles can be used as anchor piles, as soil nails in accordance with DIN EN 14490 or as rock anchors. Various non-prestressed pile types with a diameter < 300 mm are available. The tensile and compressive forces are transferred into the subsoil via the steel tendon and the body of grout that surrounds it. The TITAN micropile consists of a steel rod with a continuous thread and a sacrificial drill bit.
Using the special lengths of 2, 4 and 6 m, the standard length of 3 m can be easily extended with the screw-on couplers to suit requirements. The external forces are transferred via an end plate anchorage to the anchor piles and then via a shear bond to the body of pressure-injected cement grout and the soil.
TITAN micropileThe economical system
Micropiles are non-prestressed pile elements with a diameter < 300 mm. Various types are available. They are especially popular for strengthening or underpinning existing foundations and transfer the tensile and compressive forces into the subsoil. Depending on the application, micropiles can be loaded in tension only, but also in tension and compression. ThyssenKrupp Infrastructure can supply appropriate solutions.
The steel tendon, a ribbed steel tube made of fine-grain structural steel, is installed slack without prestress. It is not vulnerable to transverse pressure, brittle fracture or stress corrosion cracking. The cement grout reliably protects the steel tendon against corrosion over its full length and also interlocks it tightly with the surrounding soil.
TITAN micropiles are self-drilling, are inserted together with a drilling fluid – therefore need no casing – and are grouted dynamically. The drilling fluid forms a filter cake that supports the drilled hole. The direct, rotary percussive drilling with a drilling fluid avoids loss and loosening of the soil, which improves the ground conditions considerably.
> RECENT PROJECTS Andernach, Germany: port works // Essen, Germany: trade fair multistory car park // Dietz, Germany: port works //
Herne, Germany: Schmiedebach culvert // Usedom, Germany: port works // Malchow, Germany: swing bridge // Bützow, Germany: quay wall in port //
Sotchi, Russia: ski jump for Winter Olympics // St. Petersburg, Russia: shopping center foundations // Kiev, Ukraine: new football stadium
20 21
TITAN micropileVersatile
Micropiles for foundations/underpinningInstalled in accordance with DIN EN 14199 for transferring tensile and compressive loads to load-bearing strata at greater depths• New structures• Conversion of older buildings• Undermining• Uplift protection
Micropiles for anchoragesInstalled in accordance with DIN EN 14199 for transferring tensile loads to load-bearing strata at greater depths• Excavations• Anchorages for sheet piles• Anchorages for retaining walls• Temporary and permanent applications• As an alternative to prestressed stranded anchors
Micropiles as soil nailsInstalled in accordance with DIN EN 14490 for increasing tensile and shear strength• Slope stabilization• Reinforced soil• Fixing protective netting• Tunneling
Special applications• Drill-drain micropile, a horizontal drain for reliable,
specific drainage of slope seepage water• Geothermal energy – combined load-bearing pile and borehole
for ground coupling• Monojet, the jet-grouting principle with pressures up to 200 bar
Advantages• Especially economical, fast design and installation• Versatile• Suitable for use in all soil types• Standardized method• Direct drilling (without casing) plus grouting in one operation• Fewer operations on-site• Substantial soil improvement• Permanent corrosion protection• Easy to extend in case of unanticipated soil conditions
TITAN micropiles comply with DIN EN 14199 “Execution of special geotechnical works – injection piles” and in Germany their use is regulated by National Technical Approval Z-34.14-209 issued by the German Institute for Civil Engineering (DIBt).
Designation Unit
TITAN 30/16
TITAN 30/11
TITAN 40/20
TITAN 40/16
TITAN 52/26
TITAN 73/56
TITAN 73/53
TITAN 73/45
TITAN 73/35
TITAN 103/78
TITAN 103/51
TITAN 127/103
Nominal outside diameter Dsteel mm 30 30 40 40 52 73 73 73 73 103 103 127
Nominal inside diameter Dsteel mm 16 11 20 16 26 56 53 45 35 78 51 103
Effective cross section Aeff mm2 340 415 730 900 1250 1360 1615 2239 2714 3140 5680 3475
Ultimate load Fu kN 245 320 540 660 925 1035 1160 1575 1865 2270 3660 23204)
Load at 0.2% proof stress F0,2,k
(mean value) kN 190 260 425 525 730 830 970 1270 1430 1800 2670 2030
Characteristic load-carrying capacity RM,k according to German approval1) kN 1552)
225/ 2503) 372 490 650 6952) 900 1218 1386 1626 2500 18002)
Strain stiffness E · A5) 103 kN 63 83 135 167 231 251 299 414 502 580 1022 640
Bending stiffness E · I5) 106 kNmm2 3.7 4.6 15 17 42 125 143 178 195 564 794 1163
Weight kg/m 2.7 3.29 5.8 7.17 9.87 10.75 13.75 17.8 21.0 25.3 44.6 28.9
Length m 3 2/3/4 3/4 2/3/4 3 6.25 3 3 3 3 3 3
Left-/right-hand thread – left left left left
left/ right right right right right right right right
1) In case of permanent tension loads and a cement grout cover, the load-carrying capacity must be reduced according to approval Z-34.14-209.2) An approval for this size is not yet available. The values for TITAN 30/16, 73/56 and 127/103 were interpolated in a similar way to the approval.3) For temporary use of type 30/11, a characteristic load-carrying capacity R
k of 250 kN may be estimated.
4) These values were determined in tests. It is not possible to calculate the elastic modulus, cross section or moment of inertia from these figures.5) Only applies to hollow steel tendon without coupler. The ultimate load for coupled hollow steel tendons is 2048 kN.
Technical data
22 23
TITAN micropileThe method in detail
The components
Drill bit
Centralizer
Hollow steel tendon
Coupler
End plate
Spherical collar nut
D
Spherical collar nut
HDPE tube, e.g. for unbonded anchor length and additional corrosion protection at base of excavation
End plate
Initial injection (filter cake) to stabilize the drilled hole and improve the shear bond
Non-cohesive soil (sand, gravel, weathered rock)
Final injection (cement grout) to form the body of grout
Hollow steel tendon in accordance with DIN EN 14199 to limit crack widths
Hollow tendon for flushing
Coupler
Centralizer for ensuring a cement grout cover > 20 mm
Clay drill bitFlushing aperture
Example: grouting
D = d + a
Widening value a ≥ 20 mm to DIN SPEC 18539
Empirical values supplied by Ischebeck (measured on excavated grout bodies)
D ≥ d + 75 mm for medium and coarse gravel
d + 50 mm for sand and sandy gravel
Soil, loose rockFilter cake (colored gray/black) formed by thin flushing fluid (w/c 0.8–1.0); prevents the drilled hole from collapsing and improves/compacts the loose rock
Final groutw/c 0.4–0.5 (colored red)Corrosion protection
TITAN 40/16 hollow steel tendon
Diameter of drill bit
Theoretical diameter of body of injected grout D
Coupler diameter dk
min. cement grout cover > 20 mm
Soil, loose rock
Filter cake (cement) with soil inclusions
Grout strength and strain stiffness increase towards the tendon
Clay drill bit diameter d
Hollow steel tendon
Minimum body of grout, diameter D > d
Skin friction
One method for all applicationsTITAN micropiles are always installed using the same two-stage method irrespective of the ground conditions and the particular application.
1. Direct drillingRotary percussive drilling with flushing mediumFlushing/drilling fluid is a cement slurry (w/c ratio = 0.4 ÷ 0.7)Rotary percussive drilling in conjunction with a cement suspension displaces and improves the soil in the same way as a displacement pile. During the drilling procedure the water is filtered off from the cement suspension to leave behind a filter cake that stabilizes the drilled hole. This filter cake can also be called the initial injection that improves the shear bond between body of grout and soil. There should be no interruption in the flow of flushing/drilling fluid out of the hole; it must not disappear into voids in the ground. Using the customary flushing pressure of 5 – 20 bar, the water is filtered off and the filter cake stabilizes the drilled hole. The cement forms a mechanical interlock with the microstructure of the soil.
Drill bits and applications
Clay bit Clay and loam, sandy-cohesive mixed soils without obstructions < 50 S.P.T. (standard penetration test)
Cross-cut bit Dense sand and gravel with obstructions > 50 S.P.T.
Button bit Weathered rock, phyllite, slate, mudstone; strength < 70 MPa
Carbide cross-cut bit Dolomite, granite, sandstone; strength 70–150 MPa
Carbide button bit Reinforced concrete or rock, predrilling; strength > 70 MPa
Carbide shouldered bit For drilled holes with a stable direction in the case of faults in the ground
2. Dynamic pressure groutingPressure grouting with a cement slurry (w/c ratio = 0.4 ÷ 0.5)Dynamic pressure grouting is the name given to injecting grout and rotating the tendon simultaneously. This stiff suspension displaces the drilling fluid until this flows out the top of the drilled hole, resulting in a dense body of grout around the tendon. In the final injection phase, the drill is rotated without drilling deeper, the injection pressure increases and skin friction develops; this shows that the installation was successful. Multistage grouting is unneces-sary because the injection pressure of 5 bar is always reached.
Drill bitsSuitable drill bits are available for every type of soil, so the same method can be used for practically all types of soil. Even in the case of extensive soil investigations, it may still prove necessary to change the drill bit on-site because soil structures can differ.
1. 2.
24 25
TITAN micropileThe universal solution for all soils
Micropiles – loaded in tension onlyA micropile is a continuous steel tendon that is inserted into the subsoil. Pressure grouting produces a body of grout at the bottom end of the steel tendon. This grout is connected with the part to be anchored by the steel tendon (unbonded length) and the anchor head. Loads are transferred to the ground via skin friction over the defined anchorage length.
The backfilling material has settled and in some places
is displacing the masonry, resulting in the need for
repairs. In such cases it has proved worthwhile to insert
TITAN micropiles, inject the voids with grout and anchor
the masonry in position.
Micropiles – loaded in tension and compressionHere, a continuous steel tendon is surrounded over its full length in the ground by the cement grout injected subsequently. The force is transferred via the combination of tendon and grout along the pile’s full length. The force is transferred via the combination of tendon and grout along the pile’s full length. The load is trans-ferred into the subsoil by means of skin friction. The micropiles can be drilled either vertically or at an angle and are generally loaded axially.
Applications• General excavations• Anchoring of retaining walls• Underpinning/strengthening of bridge foundations• Uplift protection• Road widening• Reinforcing of bridge abutments• Refurbishment of bridge piers and port areas• Foundations to electricity pylons, transmission masts,
wind turbines• Overhead line masts for railways• Noise protection barriers• Avalanche protection
Applications• Anchors in tunneling• Tunneling under rail embankments• Anchoring of ramps• Horizontal high-pressure grout injection for pipe umbrellas
in tunneling• Shear reinforcement for pier noses• Stabilization of fault zones with polyurethane systems,
e.g. in tunneling• Slope stabilization at tunnel entrances
Right-hand thread
Coupler Bayonet socket
Right-hand thread Left-hand thread
Bayonet socket
Bayonet pin
Water
2 pontoons welded together
Anchor plate screwed on and tack-welded in position on-site
Bayonet pin
Tack-welded in position on-site
Recoverable
Operations
1. Drill TITAN micropile from pontoon to desired depth.
2. Fit final piece of anchor with bayonet screw and screw-on anchor plate.
3. Drill down until anchor plate is at desired level (center of concrete ground slab).
4. After pressure grouting, turn coupler briefly anticlockwise to release bayonet connection and recover the rest of the tendon.
Uplift protection
Nut
Loose rock
Loose and friable material
Anchor plate
Packing
Masonry
Cement/sodium silicate plug to secure the partly bonded micropile
Typical application: repairs to tunnel roof
When constructing concrete ground slabs for
sedimentation tanks, road underpasses, deep
excavations, etc. in groundwater, micropiles
can be installed to secure them against uplift.
26 27
TITAN micropileThe secure anchorage
TITAN micropiles can be used for tying back sheet piles. In order to achieve a standard solution for the connection between anchor and sheet pile, calculations have been carried out for various types of sheet pile. Using the diagrams of the approved typical calculations, it is easy to read off the standard anchor head configuration.
For the design, the actual design load Fd anchor of the micropile must
first be determined (load in direction of steel tendon). Using the hori-zontal component of the calculated design load F
d,h plus the existing
sheet pile flange width bRü
and thickness tRü
it is possible to determine the sheet pile flange thickness required. If this thickness is greater than that of the existing sheet pile, it can be increased by adding a plate.
Soldier pile wallOne frequently used method of securing excavations is the soldier pile wall. Its advantage: It is designed to suit the local circum-stances exactly and offers a rapid, tailored solution. The classic form employs the “Berlin method.” This consists of vertical load-bearing members with horizontal timber joists wedged between these. It is also possible to use steel elements (KD VI) for the infill panels. To secure the excavation, the soldier pile wall is tied back into the ground with micropiles installed from drilling rigs.
* for TITAN 30/11 max. 3
Spherical collar nut
End plate
2 support plates
Waling
Cleat
Sheet pile
Hollow steel tendon
Cement grout
Steel tendon 40/16
Spherical collar nut
End plate 200 x 200 x 30 mm
Bracket to suit structural requirements
Sheet pile section as waling with spherical collar nut + end plate with spherical recess
Cleat to suit structural requirements
Steel tendon 30/11 and 40/16
Spherical collar nut
Ball fitting Ø 90 mm
End plate with spherical recess 220 x 220 x 40 mm
220
45°
Sheet pile section as waling with wedge discs + plate
Soldier pile wall as excavation shoring
Steel tendon 30/11 and 40/16
Two driven channel sections
Spherical collar nut
Ball fitting Ø 90 mm
End plate with spherical recess 220 x 220 x 40 mm
Weld seam to suit structural requirements
45°
> For further information on designing the anchor head, please refer to our brochure on TITAN anchor piles.
Anchoring a sheet pile from the water side Inclined twin channel-waling
300
Hollow steel tendon
Spherical collar nut
Surplus length cut off
20°
Two wedge discs Ø 120 mm for infinite adjustment 2 x 12°
End plate 148 x 200 mm with opening Ø 70 mm (custom-made)
180
100
20
20
15
Anchor head concealed between twin-channel walingfor permanent soldier pile wall
Cleat to suit structural requirements
Steel tendon 40/16
Spherical collar nut
Wedge discs (max. 2)*
Bearing plate 300 x 200 x 35 mm for wedge disc, elongated hole 50 x 70 mm
300
> 66°
Weld seam to suit structural requirements
28 29
TITAN soil nailsVersatile anchors for every terrain
Soil nailing is a method of improving the natural stability of the soil. Soil nails in accordance with DIN EN 14490 increase the cohesion that is lacking in loose material. They also enhance the tensile and shear strength of such soils, thus creating a new composite material with a high load-carrying capacity. The soil must exhibit an adequate minimum stability for site operations.
> RECENT PROJECTS Großhain-Frauenhain, Germany: Berlin – Dresden railway line // Oldenburg, Germany: Wilhelmshaven railway line //
Sohland, Germany: River Spree works // Eilenburg, Germany: soil nailing Burgberg // Porschdorf, Germany: soil nailing to slope //
Dornburg, Germany: slope stabilization alongside L2303 road
Soil nails are inserted into the subsoil on a grid to suit the require-ments and then filled with a cement suspension. The maximum nail spacing is generally 1.5 m in both the horizontal and vertical directions. Soil nailing is suitable for use in cohesive and non-cohesive soils, also in loose rock.
Applications• Slope stabilization• Excavation shoring• Refurbishment of unstable slopes and hillside roads• Retaining walls• Foundations for rockfall nets• Strengthening the permanent way• Made embankments
The advantages of soil nailing• Stabilizes embankments and prevents settlement• Ideal for steep slopes because soil nails can be installed
in 2 or 3 m lengths with lightweight drilling rigs• Flexible, environmentally friendly method of construction
suitable for any terrain• Ideal for existing structures such as walls or stocks of trees
that are to be incorporated into new construction works• Minimal vibrations• Little noise• Cost-effective method for temporary and permanent applications
Driven anchor pilesSafe anchorage of high tensile forces
Various steel sections can be used as anchor piles. These piles carry tensile forces by way of skin friction. Driven anchor piles are primarily used in quay wall structures where high tensile forces occur.
Applications: quay wall structuresGood guiding must be guaranteed during driving and therefore leaders are used. Settlement leads to additional loads on the anchor piles. The causes of such settlement are, for example, backfilling, relieving excavations or the installation of further piles behind the sheet piles. Slow- or rapid-action hammers are used, depending on the soil properties.
The benefits of slow-action hammers• Longer effect of driving force• Particularly suitable for cohesive soils• Environmentally friendly• Much less noise, far fewer vibrations
The benefits of fast-action hammers• Particularly suitable for non-cohesive soils• “Vibratory effect” increases load-carrying capacity
In principle, additional deformations cause an increase in the stresses in the pile, which in some circumstances means that the maximum axial force occurs not at the head of the pile but behind the sheet piling. This must be taken into account when designing the piles and the connection to the wall.
> RECENT PROJECTS Brandenburg, Germany: port works // Bremerhaven, Germany: container terminal CT4 //
Rostock, Germany: Maritime Industrial Park “Gross Klein” // Sassnitz, Germany: berth 9
30 31
Construction equipmentState-of-the-art technology for all applications
Varying site conditions call for quite different types of machinery and equipment. In addition to the materials and equipment, we can also provide the special installation technology necessary for installing our anchors. We can provide these to suit the particular project. Our equipment satisfies the highest standards in terms of productivity, precision, quality and safety.
KRUPP hydraulic hammer drillsWe can supply a modern and complete range of products for virtually every drilling operation. Cooperation on a global level with all the leading drill manufacturers ensures that KRUPP drill drives can be easily integrated in all common base machines.
Applications• Overburden drilling• Drive drilling• Anchorages
Advantages• Can be mounted on all common base machines• Extremely compact housing• Damping unit eases withdrawal• Optional: electrical, hydraulic or manual switching
on rotation and hammer mechanisms• Optional: external flushing head
Drilling equipmentThe typical machinery needed for the installation of anchors includes drilling rigs and grouting equipment, also hydraulic anchor drilling carriages and drilling attachments with hydraulic, rotary percussive drills. Critical for optimum pile installation is the choice of the right drilling equipment.
Mounting of drilling rigs• Supports (feet) for drilling rigs with power pack• Drilling rig on excavator boom and with drilling carriage
Applications• Foundation, stabilization, repair and refurbishment projects
Advantages• Compact, robust design• Optimum kinematics for low total weight• Pendulum chassis automatically compensates
for ground unevenness when traveling• Pendulum chassis also helps when positioning
and loading• Optimum ergonomic control panel• All hydraulic functions integrated in control panel• Ideal for use on cramped sites• Suitable for the most difficult geological conditions• Avoids damage to the ground
Type TKB 203
TKB 502-2
TKB 504
TKB 605
TKB 609
TKB 205 MP
Engine output kW 97 82 160 160 190 147
Total width mm 740/1200 1900 2063 2500 2480 2500
Drill carriage
Stroke length* mm1200–2690
(Telescopic mast) 3350 3600 4600 4950 6300
Retraction force kN 62 50 82 100 100 200
Thrust kN 38 50 46 100 100 100
Clamping unit
Diameter mm 152–610 68–254 68–254 76–305 89–406 150–660
Recommended hydraulic hammers
HB35 / HB45 HB35 / HB45 HB35 / HB45HB35 / HB45 /
HB50HB35 / HB45 / HB50 / HB60 HB50 / HB60
Recommended rotary heads HG8 / HG12 /
HG19 / HG24 HG8 / HG12HG11 / HG12 /
HG19HG24 / HG19 / HG12 / HG11
HG11 / HG12 / HG19 / HG24
HG12 / HG19 / HG24
Recommended rotary heads HR40 / HR50 HR20 / HR40 HR40 / HR50 HR50 / HR60 HR50 / HR60 HR50 / HR60
Total weight* kg 6200 9000 13000 14800 21000 18500
* Depends on equipment fitted
Type
HB15
HB20
HB35
HB45
HB50
HB60
Weight, approx. kg 150 220 330 450 810 980
No. of blows, max. rpm-1 3000 3000 2500 2500 2400 2400
Individual below energy, max. Nm 270 290 590 590 835 835
Torque at 205 bar Nm 2200 4400 10100 9500 13800 25900
rpm at 170 l/min rpm-1 119 119 240 160 120 80
32
Materials Services Infrastructure
thyssenkrupp Infrastructure GmbH Hollestraße 7a 45127 Essen, Germany P: +49 201 844-562313 F: +49 201 844-562333 info.tkinfrastructure@thyssenkrupp.com
R&D, Manufacturing thyssenkrupp Infrastructure GmbH Alte Liederbacher Strasse 6 36304 Alsfeld, Germany P: +49 6631 781-131/132 F: +49 6631 781-130 Service Hotline: +49 6631 781-122 Spare Part Service: +49 6631 781-126 24-Hour Hotline: +49 170 6326650 machinery.tkinfrastructure@thyssenkrupp.com
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