Joints, Tendons and Ligaments
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Transcript of Joints, Tendons and Ligaments
JOINTS, TENDONS AND LIGAMENTSAn Overview
FLEXIONA joint bent or FLEXED so that one of the bones of the joint moves towards the other.
EXTENSION
A joint straightened or EXTENDED in its natural position to its full extent
This can be performed at hinge, ball & socket, Condyloid and saddle joints
This can be performed at hinge, ball & socket, Condyloid and saddle joints
EXAMPLES OF FLEXION &EXTENSION
Ankle?
Knee?
Left hip?
Right hip?
Neck?
Shoulder?
Elbow?
Wrist?
Fingers?
A movement AWAY from the central line of the body.
To abduct = to take away
ABDUCTION_---_
+++ADDUCTIONA movement TOWARDS the central line of the body
This can be performed at ball & socket, Condyloid and saddle joints
This can be performed at ball & socket, Condyloid and saddle joints
A TURNING movement around a central point or pivot
ROTATION
CIRCUMDUCTIONA movement which causes part of the body to describe a complete circle
This can be performed at ball & socket and pivot joints
This can be performed at ball & socket joint
TENDONSAttach VOLUNTARY muscles to your bones
Attach two bones together
LIGAMENTS
Freely-Movable Joints
Type of Joint Movement at Joint
Examples Structure
Hinge Flexion and Extension
Elbow/ Knee Hinge Joint
Pivot Rotation of one bone around another
Top of neck(Atlas and Axis bones)
Pivot Joint
Ball and Socket
Flexion/Extension/Adduction/Abduction/Internal & External Rotation
Shoulder/ Hip Ball and Socket Joint
Type of Joint Movement of Joint
Examples Structure
Saddle Flexion/Extension/Adduction/Abduction/Circumduction
Joint of Thumb Saddle Joint
Condyloid Flexion/Extension/Adduction/Abduction/Circumduction
Wrist Condyloid Joint
Gliding Gliding Movements
Intercarpal Gliding Joint
Joint Example Rotation: The head can be rotated at the
neckCircumduction: The arm can move in circles at
the shoulderExtension: The arm can be extended at the
elbowFlexion: The leg can be flexed at the kneeAdduction: The leg can be moved away from
the centre of the body at the hip.Abduction: The arm can be moved towards
the centre of the body at the shoulder
Examples in sport…
The importance of flexibility in…Sport:•Lack of flexibility leads to poor performances•Inefficient technique can lead to injury•It increases agility, speed, range of movement and improves techniqueOld Age:•As we age we become less flexible because our connective tissues deteriorate. •Stretching stimulates the lubricating of connective tissues.
FUNCTIONS OF CARTILAGE
Reduces the amount of friction where two bonesMeet at a joint. They form discs and act as shock absorbers between individual vertebrae. The c-shaped cartilaginous rings in the
windpipes (trachea and bronchi) help keep the tubes open.
The cartilage forms a firm joint between bones but still allows a reasonable amount of movement.
HOW ARE LIGAMENTS AFFECTED BY SPORT? Twisting or landing on a knee/ankle that is
over-extended. A heavy landing or awkward turn when the
ligaments around a particular joint are at full-stretch can cause it to tear away from the bone.
HOW ARE TENDONS AFFECTED BY SPORT? Caused by heavy landing on the fall and
through wear and tear. By wearing unsuitable footwear. Overtraining puts strain on the tendon. Lack of warming up and stretching. Training on uneven ground.
JOINTS In the human body, a joint is defined as the
junction where two or more bones meet. There are three types of joints:
Immovable (fixed) joints [e.g the cranium, pelvis] Slightly moveable joints [e.g the vertebral column] Freely moveable joints [e.g the hip, elbow, thumb]
The importance and usage of joints in exercise and sport, is that it allows movement to occur.
THE SYNOVIAL JOINT The structure of the synovial joint is the thin layer
of lubricating synovial fluid capsules that surround the articulating surfaces. This reduces the friction between the bones.
The joint is held together by ligaments and a fibrous capsule encloses the joint. The inner layers of this capsule secrete the synovial fluid. The articulating surfaces of the bones are covered with cartilage that also reduces friction.
THE SYNOVIAL JOINT
The synovial joint in the knee.
THE SYNOVIAL JOINT
The dangers of potential injuries of exercise and sporting activities for the synovial joint, is that due to the constant impact, the layer of lubricating synovial fluid capsule gets worn down.
Therefore friction occurs between the two bones and can cause extreme pain.
What’s the difference?Cartilage Tendons Ligaments
Tough Attaches bone to muscle
Attaches bone to bone
Flexible Sturdy ElasticAt end of bone
Non elastic Stabilise
Cushions Size changes depending on muscle
Made of many fibres
Anchor Strong