Learning and MotivationLearning and Motivation

MeaningfulnessMeaningfulness

• Past experiences

• Interests/values

PrerequisitesPrerequisites

• Must have certain level of knowledge for concepts, rules, etc.

• Pretest will help

ModelingModeling

• Present model performance to watch and imitate

• Label important aspects for learner

Open CommunicationOpen Communication

• State objectives to learner

• Point out relationships

• Stimulate all sensory channels

• Ask questions of your learner

NoveltyNovelty

• Novel presentations have merit– Stimulate recall– Gain audience attention/participation– Can generate excitement for topic– Appropriateness to topic is key

Active Appropriate PracticeActive Appropriate Practice

• Active role by the learner

• Organize/re-organize information

• On-the-job type of learning situations

Distributed PracticeDistributed Practice

• Schedule short periods distributed over time– i.e. Digital camera– Take and edit pictures on Monday– Incorporate them into a presentation on

Tuesday

FadingFading

• Instructional prompts are removed gradually

• Instructor remains to facilitate learning if needed

Pleasant conditionsPleasant conditions

• Avoid: boredom, unpleasant physical conditions

• Keep demands attainable; reasonable

From Designing Effective Instruction 4th Ed., Morrison, Ross, & Kemp, 2004.