(1st-draft) Open-Motivation Learning 3.0: Intrinsic motivation leads learning

7/21/2019 (1st-draft) Open-Motivation Learning 3.0: Intrinsic motivation leads learning

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Open-MotivaLearning 3.0

writer:

Perus Saranurak

Internet technology creates

to match with developing i


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Open-Motivation Learning 3.0Internettechnologycreatesopportunitiestobringlearningtomatchwithdevelopingindividualmotivation

Goldsmiths,UniversityofLondonMADesignFuturesMetadesignandFuturesofTechnology,CultureandChange

Writers:PerusSaranurak,CreativeCatalystInternalReader:

ExternalReader:Socialentrepreneurs,Educators,Learners

Printedonthe30thApril20141stedition


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Contents0.0Preface.................................................................................................................................1

1.0technologyandhumanity....................................................................................................3

Philosophiesoftechnology...................................................................................................3

Effectsonhuman..................................................................................................................3

Effectsonculturechange......................................................................................................3

Futureoftechnology.............................................................................................................4

2.1Internet

................................................................................................................................

5

DataandLearning.................................................................................................................5

InternetEra...........................................................................................................................5

NoPlace,NoTime.................................................................................................................5

2.2Learningandmotivation......................................................................................................7

BetweenLearningandEducation.........................................................................................7

TransformanEducationtoCreativeLearning......................................................................7

CyberneticDreams................................................................................................................8

DrivebyanIntrinsicMotivation............................................................................................8

RevealingtheMotivations....................................................................................................8

3.0

Inner

motivation

................................................................................................................

10

Motivationinlearningtechnology......................................................................................10

3.1.Supportingthefirststep..............................................................................................11

3.2.Improvingknowledgeorskills......................................................................................11

Map.....................................................................................................................................12

4.0Collaborativeinnermotivation..........................................................................................13

Motivationasforce.............................................................................................................13

Reinforcemotivation...........................................................................................................13

CommunityofMotivation...................................................................................................14

Furthermore,............................................................................................................................15

Futureofdesignrole...........................................................................................................15

Selfreflection......................................................................................................................15

Appendix..................................................................................................................................16

Reference.................................................................................................................................17


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0.0 PrefaceLearningaswritingafutureresume,ownlife.

AbstractThistopicstartswithasimpleidea;thepersonsthathavesimilarinterestscan

discuss for long and develop their interests. This situation always happens

whenIdiscusswithmyfriends.Ifthetopicaboutrobotsandspace,Iwouldbe

moreinterestedandcandevelopideasindifferentperspective,thancosmetic

topics. Therefore, thediscussion is a kindofbouncing ideas.With the same

topic of interests, itwill be sharing experienceswith openmind, a creative

conversation.

It can be seen that the internet can extend the potential of the creative

conversationmorebroadandmorevarious.Also, the internet ismuchmore

availableofeveryone.Actually, itcanbeseenthatthebasicknowledge(such

ashow to, tutorials,elearningprogrammesand soon) is arounduson the

internet. This represents the technology can change the paradigm of

education by allowing users (learners) to freely decide individual areas of

learningfollowing

true

individual

interests

and

create

specific

learning

models.

Moreover, this possibly encourages the learners to boost up individual

interestsandcreateownrole,whichdoesnthavetostickwiththetraditional

definitionofeachjob.Thiscouldbethecreativityinlearningandliving.

Thewriter sees learning is thevery importantprocess indeveloping society.

Thisessaytendstodemonstratethepossibilityandpotentialoftechnologyfor

changing or developing the learning culture, could be the alternative

educational

paradigm

which

is

focusing

on

individual

attraction,

not

a

productionline.Alsothetraditionaleducationislinearpattern,anditkillsthe

childrenscreativity.


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1.0 technology and humanityIntroduction

Philosophiesoftechnology Aristotlesfourcauses,weshapetechnology.Fromtheearlytechnologydiscoveredaround2.5millionyearsago,humanuse

wood and stone extend the limit of possibility, and after that technology

becomesthe importantpartofhumanandhumandevelopment.Wecreated

tools forsupportingour life;we learn touse them;developed them fornew

possibility;welivewiththem.Thisseemsthattechnologyhasbeencontrolled

byhumanstatedintheconceptofAristotlesFourCauses.

EffectsonhumanHeideggersenframement,technologyshapesus.

Ontheotherhand, itcanbeseenthatwearesurroundedbytechnologyand

most of our daily activities rely on technology. According to Heideggers

conceptofEnframing,Liketoframeapicture,enframingsetstheparameters

of how we see and understand the world we live in; we are living follow

system;wethinkunderthelimitoflanguage;wetransportbycarssowehave

tocontinueburninggas.Thusweareunabletoseetheworldinanyotherway.

Humans thinking and behaviours have been trapped by the potential of

technologythathasbeendevelopedfollowingformervision.Tobeasurvivor,

wehavetofollowthesystemswhichchainedus.Interdependentrelationship

Ithink therelationshipbetweenhumanityand technology is interdependent.

Thus we can create our futures by technology; we develop technology for

improvingourlife.Itisakindofdrawdirectionsforourfutures.

EffectsonculturechangeTheRelationshipsbetweenTechnology,CultureandChange

Furthermore, itcouldbe seen technologyhas influentialeffectsonsocieties,

obviously intermsofcultureandchangeofsociety.Foranexplanation,these

relationships could be represented as themetaphor of an amoeba life; the

technologycouldbethefoodofamoebawhichcandevelopandmixtocreate

a new menu. Also culture could be seen as amoeba which is formed by

evaluating,choose

and

remove

some

technology.

And

when

the

new


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acceptable innovation happened, this process can create a change as the

movementofculture(figure3).

Technology is shaped by the consensus of the society, as a culture. Society

couldbe

change

by

the

development

of

new

technology.

FIGURE 3AMOEBA OF CULTURAL CHANGE

FutureoftechnologySummary

Likewise,the

effects

of

technology

to

culture

change

could

be

seen

as

akind

of

thehumandevelopmentprocess.Thisalsomakesmeinterestedintheareaof

howtechnologycaninvolveinthedevelopingprocessofindividualscale,such

asselflearning,onlinecourse,internetcommunity,andsoon.


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2.1 Internet

DataandLearning

Inthese

days,

the

most

relevant

technology

shifting

the

world

is

an

internet

and programming. This createsmany effects in thisworld. Thus, this essay

focusesoneffect inthe improvement in individualscale,whichnormallycalls

Learning.

InternetEraEverythingwithnothing

Nowadays, in the golden age of an internet, Computers and other smart

devices,which

can

do

the

complex

function

by

programming,

become

the

basics of life. Following the idea of ephemeralization, coined by Richard

Buckminster Fuller (1938 cited by John Woods lecture, 2014), this idea

explains thedirectionof technology that moreandmorewith lessand less

untileventuallyyoucandoeverythingwithnothing.Inthattimeheusedthe

massproductionofFord for theexample thatby systemscanproducemore

withlesscost.Thustheprogrammabledevicescouldbetheclearerevidenceof

thisidea,whichusealmostnothingtodoeverything,justaclick.

Furthermore, the technologicalmakers (programmers) and the technological

takers (users) seem to be closer; sometimes interface design allows user to

customize.

NoPlace,NoTimeFreelyaccess

Besides, Ivan Illichalso introducesthe ideaof aconvivialsociety inToolsfor

Convivialitythat:

Aconvivial societywouldbe the resultofsocialarrangements thatguarantee for

eachmember themostampleand freeaccess to the toolsof thecommunityand

limitthisfreedomonlyinfavourofanothermembersequalfreedom. Illich(1973,

p.12)

Thiskindofsocietyseemstohappennowontheinternetcommunity.Onthe

internet, there isaplentyof information can freelyaccess. It could say that

internetshiftingourlifetofreefromthelimitofplaceandtime,theoldlimitof

living;the

internet

allows

us

to

extend

any

interest

or

learning

any

new

things


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by providing openinformation,which can be academic ebooks, pdf files of

presentation, video clip on YouTube or TEDs and opensources code for

programming.Moreover,byportabledevices, learningcanbeanywhereand

anytime. Learning is the most important to human for improvement. For

creating better futures, it should start at the smallest scale, individual

development,whichfuturestechnologyshouldconsideringon.

Thereisaproject,forinstance,callOneLaptopperChild(OLPC)whichhasa

mission toempower theworld'spoorestchildrenbyanaccess toeducation.

OLPC believes every kid has a capacity to learn, but some are lack of

opportunity and resource. This project provides connected laptops for poor

kids,whichenable them toaccess to theknowledge.Moreover, thekidscan

learnto

work

with

others

around

the

world.

This

is

for

developing

the

passion

forlearning.


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2.2 Learning and motivation

BetweenLearningandEducation

Bothlearning

and

education

has

asimilar

objective

which

is

to

improve

individual knowledge and skills, but there are different. Education is the

process of providing useful information for improving student tomeet the

standardofsocialexpectation.Onthecontrary, learning istheselfimproving

process which is influenced by an individual intentional. This makes the

definition of education limit in school and university, but learning is a

continuedprocessforawholelife.TransformanEducationtoCreativeLearningBringon the learning revolution! is to titleofSirKenRobinsonshis talk in

TED2010.Hestates thateducationhas tobe transformed tosomethingelse;

changefromanindustrial,fastfood,model onestandardforeverywhere to

agriculturemodelwhichcancustomize toeach individuals talent.Moreover,

theeducationsystemhasbeendevelopedtomainlysupportproduction lines

ineconomysystemsbyproducingastandardworker foraspecificdiscipline.

Ashe said in2006, we are shutting childrens sensesoff insteadofwaking

them up. Actually, it should focus on supporting student in their talents,

passion and interest. Also, it should diagnose and lead students to achieve

their varied goals for each student. The education system needs to be a

creativelearning.

Bytheinternetmovement,theauthoritythatteachersknowmoreinformation

thanstudentswillnothappenanymorebecauseaninternetcanprovidemore

informationthanteacherandmobiledevicesenableforgooglinganytimeand

anywhere.Hence

the

role

of

teachers

would

become

helping

students

to

deal

withoverloadedinformationcreatively.

CreativityIn Tibet define creativity as natural beings. According to Kelley (2013 p.6),

"[T]here isnoword inTibetan languagefor 'creativity'or 'beingcreative.'the

closesttranslationis'natural'.Inotherwords,ifyouwanttobemorecreative,

youjusthave tobemorenatural."Beingnatural, forexample, is likeback in

kindergarten.Kids

always

play

and

experiment

new

things

without

afraid

of

socialrejection,whichwastoughwhentheygrowup.


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Naturally,wearecreativesothisisthesituationthatwehavetorethinkabout

creativelearning.

CyberneticDreamsEffect

on

education

Theeducationalperceptionthattocompleteataskequalstounderstandcould

be incorrect in an internet era.According to Ivan Illichs Cybernetic dreams

(1987),studentscanuseatonof informationandmaterial,onan internetto

feedtheirworks,essaysorpresentationswithoutanysenseaboutwhatthey

havedone.Bytheeasiestprocessintheworld,whichcandoanything,copy+

paste,willingness, gut, ambition, even the interests of the studentswould

declinebecauseeducationbecomes theprocessof reaching the standardor

thestatus,

does

not

considering

to

individual

motivation

of

students.

Moreover,theywillbe lackof internalmotivationandbecomearobot inthe

economicsystem.

DrivebyanIntrinsicMotivationFor a brief introduction aboutmotivation,motivationmeansmoving to do

something. It has been distinguished between intrinsic motivation, whichcomes from inherent interests, and extrinsic motivation, which lead to an

outcome.

Thisessayfocusesongrowingan intrinsicmotivation,because it is important

inadvancedlearningandcreativity,regardingtoRyanandDeci(2000,p.55)in

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations. Also, it can drive the learning processnaturally, with fun, challenge, novelty, cognitive dissonance or optimal

incongruity (Oudeyer, PierreYves,& Kaplan, Frederic: 2007, p.4). This essay

tendstoexploreaboutanalternativelearningcommunitybyusingtheinternal

motivationas

akey

of

self

developing.

RevealingtheMotivationsThetrackingtechnologycancollectapersonaldatawhichcanuseforanalysing

theuserbehaviourorthinking,suchasUPthesmartwristband for reporting

health quality. Also the internal motivation can be seen on internet

behaviours;thesearchingkeywords;theclicked links;thespenttimeoneach

content.Moreover,themobiledevicealsocanusefortrackingthemotivation


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place byGPS. These processeswill report personal datawhich can use the

programmeforanalysingindividualmotivation.

TalentToday(https://www.talentoday.com),foranexampleofthemotivation

revealing,allows

internet

users

to

create

aprofile

of

their

abilities

and

motivations from taking a personality questionnaire. And it separate

motivationinto8types;(1)socialrecognition,(2)pay,(3)security,(4)private/

professional life, (5) philanthropy, (6)need to belong, (7) need for relations

and(8)needforvariety.Eventhemotivationinthiswebsitescopesinthearea

ofworking,thoughthiscouldbetheclearexampleofamotivationalanalysis.

FIGURE 4MOTIVATION DIAGRAM FROM THE PERSONALITY QUESTIONNAIRE IN TALENTTODAY

Motivationfor

collaborating

is

abit

different

from

the

motivation

for

learning

because collaboratingwill focusonexpectedoutcomebut learning couldbe

lookingatsatisfaction

Summary

Curiosity, interestandpassionaretheeffectivedriven forces.Theywouldbe

lost in thedevelopmentof the traditionaleducation system.Also, thisessay

callsthemthe innermotivationandtendstobring itbackbyusingthemto

leadthe learningprocess.Thiscouldgrowtheareaof interestandencourage

achievingapersonal

goal.


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3.0 Inner-motivation

Motivationinlearningtechnology

Theinternet

is

aplace

where

everything

linked

together,

also

the

exploration

on the internet could reflect the individual interestsof theusers, the inner

motivations.Byobserving internetactivities(figure**),especiallysearching, it

represents that internet activity does not direct to one output only; it also

providesthecontextofthefirstinterestforgrowingyourinterestbyclick.

[]

FIGURE 5AN INTERNET JOURNEYThe ending resultswouldbe anunrelatedwebsite, such as9gag.comor cat

pictures,oranunseen islandofnewknowledge,but theyalsocan reflect to

the innermotivation of the users. I am very interested in thejourney from

trackingthisprogress.Fromonlyonejourney,itcanrepresentmanydifferent

areas of interest from one user, andby continuing to collect this data, it is

possibleto

draw

amap

of

interest

and

showing

the

inner

motivation

of

each

user.

Innermotivationtracker

The innermotivation tracker could answerDrNickUdall (2014, p.37) in his

bookRidingthecreativerollercoaster.

thatwhat isneedednow areeducational systems that teachushow to know

ourselves (our talents, passions, dreams, hopes, and fears), how to be curious,

hungry

learners;

how

to

see

beauty

in

diversity;

how

to

develop

multiple

ways

of

knowing;


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Furthermore,byrevealingtheinnermotivations,itcanbeusedtodevelopand

customizealearningsystemforachievingpersonalgoals.Sothisessayfocuses

on twomaineffectsof innermotivations in learningprocesson the internet

and networking system: (1) starting the first step of learning; (2) improving

knowledgeorskills.

3.1.SupportingthefirststepThefirststepisimportantandrelevant.

Byseeingowninnermotivation,itcanhelptodefinetheunknownareaswhich

possiblysupport.Thestartingpointorbasicskillsarealsovery important for

lightingupnewareasof individual interest,suchastutorial,howto,YouTube

and cooking recipe. The innermotivation canbe seen as the seed.And the

networkof

accessible

information

supports

the

inner

motivation

conditions

to

beplanted,andthemotivationcanbethrivebywatering.

Diversity

Consequently,fromtheeasystartingpointalsoaffecttothe learnerscanget

diversityofknowledgeandskills.The learnerscancustomizeowncurriculum.

This leads to the difficulty in defining the role follow the traditional job

principle,whichvaluestheemployeesabilitybygraduation.

Moreover,some

online

academic

courses

launched

by

universities

can

provide

certification.However, the learningbehavioursdrivenby individual interests

are difficult to certify. Without feedback system, this discourages the

motivationinselflearning.

Actually, the technology of tracking system could be used in reporting and

showing feedback. This system can be developed to show the progress and

evidenceoflearninginanyarea.Itpossiblechangetheviewsoflearnersform

haveto

go

there

to

get

this

to

be

I

can

build

myself

everywhere.

Ibelievethat learningiswritingownfutureresumes,andalso learningishowwe create our life. Life can be diverse because nobody is same. To improveourselvesrequiresarightfeedback.3.2.Improvingknowledgeorskills.

Creativity

Creativity is such a simple andnatural processof combination two ormore

thingswith theopenedmind forunexpectedoutcome.From the freedom in


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accessibilitytoareasofinterests,thisenables learnerstogainthediversityof

knowledge, skills and disciplines. So learning process becomes nonlinear,

whichisagoodconditionforimprovingcreativity.

Also,the

freedom

to

experiment

is

very

necessary

for

improving

creatively.

Programmingcouldbeanexampleforlearningandexperimentinginthesame

timeby investingstrongpassionand time in it.Thecreative improvementof

disciplinary possibly supports individual independent roles to be happened.

Thisindependentrolewouldnotbeclearlydefinedinastandardstatusmodel;

it should be defined by profiling the area of motivations and the creative

experiments.Futuresof learningwouldnotconsider inwhatdothe learners

get?buthowthelearnerscansynergizetheirdiversedisciplines?

MapLostthetrack

Somepeoplecouldarguethat learningfrom internet isdifficulttoachievean

advancedorcomplexskill,whichneedthedevelopment indepth.Becauseof

overloaded information, itmakesselflearningonthe internetwoulddevelop

onlyinwiderange.

Ontheotherhands,thatsituationcouldbeseenasgettinglostininformation.

Itcouldbefixedbycreatingamap.Ifthelearnerscanseewheretheyandtheir

goals are also the feedback showing their achievement, the learners could

decidetheirtrackofdevelopmentbythemselves.

Thischapterexplainabout thepotentialof revealing the innermotivation to

individual improvement. However, the strongest potential of internet is

connectivity. In the next chapter, this essaywill introduce the situation by

connecting the innermotivation with other people. Moreover, there is a

communityofmotivation,whereconnectdiversity interest togetherand the

internet users canmerge innermotivation that can create a big impact to

improvementandproductivity.


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4.0 Collaborative inner-motivation

Motivationasforce

Motivationcould

be

seen

as

the

force

to

do

things.

Regarding

to

force

in

physic

theory;merge the samedirection forces togetherwill strengthen the forces;

mergetheoppositedirectionforcestogetherwillweakentheforces.However,

thedifferentdirection forcesdonothave tobemerged,butcanbeused to

achieve different goals. This theory of force also could be used to organize

differentmotivationfromdifferentpeople.

From the system of tracking individualmotivation, this kind of data can be

usedto

develop

and

guide

in

learning

and

creating.

ReinforcemotivationCommunitywithsameinnermotivation

Firstly, themotivationcandrive thatperson to thatdirection,but sometime

thatmotivationisnotstrongenough.Intheotherways,ifmanypersonswho

have similar motivation are collected together, the driving force will be

stronger.

FIGURE 6COMPARING MOTIVATIONS WITH FRIENDS IN TALENTTODAY


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Forexample,TalentTodaycollectspersonalabilityandmotivationoftheusers

andallowsthemtocomparewiththeirfriends.

Togetherwegrow

By

matching

people

who

has

a

similar

kind

of

motivation

together,

they

can

supporteachothertoachievetheirgoals.Alsoitcanraisemutualrelationship

between people in discussion and knowledge exchange. And also this can

improve learning speed for the low experience users; they will realize and

learnfromthehigherexperienceusers.

Put the rightman togetherandproductivityandcreativitywould increaseby

thegoodcombinationoftheteam.

CommunityofMotivationOpenlearningandopenskill:Skillshare

Thecommunityofmotivation isaconceptofthespace forsharing individual

innermotivationwithothers.Firstly, ithasapotentialtobeaselfdeveloping

centerbysharingskillandknowledgeincommunity.

Organizing

Moreover,thiscommunitycouldencouragethememberstobemakerswitha

tool for searching the right persons for collaborating in a bigger project or

experimental,whichneedssupportingindifferentareaofability.

FIGURE 7ORGANIZE MOTIVATIONS IN COMMUNITY


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Furthermore,

Futureofdesignrole

Theproduction

authority

of

designer

would

be

declined

in

the

situation

which

the individualmotivation becomes stronger that passive consumermindset.

Designers should understand thismovement and adapt their role to be as

facilitatorsforapersonorgroupswhichwanttocreatethings.

SelfreflectionFormeasacreativecatalyst, thecommunityofmotivationcouldencourage

the members to be creative and productive. Also the members would be

interestedin

developing

their

own

creativity

because

now

they

know

how

to

useitandtheyknowtheycancreatetheirownrole.

Thissystemcouldbeusedastoolsforeducationwhichismymainlyconcerned

topic in this time. Becausewhile I am studying at Goldsmiths, I found the

educationsysteminThailand,myhometown,hasmanyproblems,especiallyin

creativityanddiversity.

Thisessayonly introducessomepotentialandopportunitiestotransformthe

currenteducationsystem.Moreover, Ihope thisessaycanmake the readers

rethinkandquestionabouttheeducationsystemincurrenteducationsystem

torecreatethenewsystemsthatcansupportthedevelopmentofhumanity.


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Reference

Fuller,R.B.(1963).Ninechainstothemoon.Carbondale:SouthernIllinoisUniv.Pr.

Heidegger,M.(1977).Thequestionconcerningtechnology,andotheressays.NewYork:Harper&Row.

Illich,I.(1973).Toolsforconviviality.NewYork:Harper&Row. Illich,I.(1987).ComputerLiteracyandtheCyberneticDream.Bulletinof

Science,Technology&Society,7,306309. Oudeyer,PierreYves,&Kaplan,Frederic.(2007).WhatisIntrinsic

Motivation?ATypologyofComputationalApproaches.FrontiersResearchFoundation.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2533589/[accessed30/04/2014].

RichardM.RyanandEdwardL.Deci(2000)IntrinsicandExtrinsicMotivations:ClassicDefinitionsandNewDirections.ContemporaryEducationalPsychology25,p.5467.

Robinson,

K.

(2006)

How

schools

kill

creativity.

TED.

http://www.ted.com/talks/ken_robinson_says_schools_kill_creativity

[accessed27/04/2014].

Robinson,K.(2010)Bringonthelearningrevolution!.TED.http://www.ted.com/talks/sir_ken_robinson_bring_on_the_revolution

[accessed27/04/2014].

Udall,N.(2014).RidingtheCreativeRollercoaster:Howleadersevokecreativity,productivityandinnovation.London:KoganPage.

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