Post on 23-Dec-2015
LDCs andBrussels Programme of Action (BPoA)
Organized by
LDC Watch
SAAPE – South Asia Alliance for Poverty Eradication
Equity and Justice Working Group Bangladesh
Its LDCs’ Time to Revisit Policies
Background: To address LDCs special needs in achieving development the UN conference on the LDCs adopted a Programme of
Action for the Decade 2001-2010
Overarching Goal: To make progress towards halving the extreme poverty and suffering from hunger by 2015; promote sustainable development of the LDCs
Aim: To improve the living conditions in the LDCs by providing a framework and global
partnership
BPoA : Aim, ObjectiveBPoA : Aim, Objective
Fostering people centered policy framework
Ensuring good governance at national and Intl level
Building human resource and institutional capacities
Building capacities to make globalization work for the LDCs
Enhancing the role of Trade in Development
Reducing Vulnerability and Protecting Environment
Mobilizing financial resources
Strategies of BPoA Implementation Strategies of BPoA Implementation
Mutual Commitments of the LDCs and the Development partners in 7 interlinked areas
Sustainable development
Special needs of land-locked &Small Islands LDCs
Challenges faced by the LDCs affected by conflicts
Cross Cutting Priority Areas of BPoACross Cutting Priority Areas of BPoA
Poverty Eradication
Gender Equality and Employment
Governance at national and intl levels
Capacity building
Guiding Principle of BPoAGuiding Principle of BPoA
Integrated Approach
Integrated into all intl. processes of concern to the LDCs including with the agencies outside of the UN System
Genuine Partnership
To be alignment between national policies and strategies in LDCs and the external assistance strategies of the partners
Country Ownership
Genuinely country led development
Guiding PrincipleGuiding Principle
Market Consideration
To be operated within a stable legal and economic framework; good balance between public action and private initiatives
Result Orientation
Towards achieving international development targets and gradually graduation from the LDCs list
Implementation Challenges of BPoAImplementation Challenges of BPoA
Commitment 1: Fostering People-Centered Policy Framework
Goals:
Annual GDP Growth Rate at least 7 %
Ratio of Investment to GDP to 25% per annum
Progress halving the extreme poverty by 2015
Progress in halving hungry people by 2015
Context : BUT economic growth does not guarantee poverty reduction. There should be reorientation in policies to improve living standards
Proposal and Concern on Commitment 1 Proposal and Concern on Commitment 1
Proposals
A stable macroeconomic framework
Sound investments in physical and human capital development
Good governance and quality institutions
Resource transfer in the poverty stricken areas
Ensuring active participation of poor people in the productive sectors
Proposal and Concern on Commitment 1 Proposal and Concern on Commitment 1
Concern
Reducing of development assistance
Imposing development policies by the donors
Market failure in ensuring food security
Dependence on external and internal credit sources and increasing of debt servicing
Lack of long term development planning
Proposal and Concern on Commitment 2 Proposal and Concern on Commitment 2
Commitment 2: Good Governance at National and International level
National Level
Ensuring rule of law Conflict resolution
People’s participation Empowerment of women
Transparency, accountability of public Institutes
International Level
Transparency in financial, monetary & trading
Open, equitable, rule based and non-discriminatory multilateral trading and financial system
Proposal and Concern on Commitment 2 Proposal and Concern on Commitment 2
Concern
LDCs share to the global trade is around 1%.
LDCs share in world exports fell from 3% in the 1950s to 0.7% in the 2000s
LDCs share in agricultural exports dropped from 3.3% in the 1970s to 1.5% in the 1990s
LDCs attracted less than 2% of global foreign direct investment
Proposal and Concern on Commitment 2 Proposal and Concern on Commitment 2
Concern
Multilateral trade regime failed to provide 100% duty-free and quota-free market
access for the LDCs.
Doha Round of UN FfD has remained inconclusive due to tussle between developed and advanced developing countries
Proposal and Concern on Commitment 3 Proposal and Concern on Commitment 3
Commitment 3: Building Human and Institutional Capacities
Targets
Reducing TB deaths and prevalence by 50% by 2010
Reducing infection rates and deaths from Malaria by 50% by 2010
Reducing HIV/AIDS infection rates in persons 15-22 age by 2005 in all countries and by 25 %
in the most affected countries
Proposal and Concern on Commitment 3 Proposal and Concern on Commitment 3
Building Human & Institutional Capacities :TARGETS
Infant mortality below 35/ 1000 births & Under-5 Mortality below 45/1000 births by 2015
Ensuring complete, free and compulsory access to good quality primary education by 2015
Increasing percentage of women receiving maternal and prenatal care to 60% by 2015
Reducing inaccessibility to safe drinking water by 50 percent by 2015
Proposal and Concern on Commitment 3 Proposal and Concern on Commitment 3
Building Human & Institutional Capacities
Concerns
Privatization of public services like health, education, water etc.
Corporate control over common resources
IPR on generic medicine items
Prevalence of new diseases and health hazards due to global warming
Proposal and Concern on Commitment 4 Proposal and Concern on Commitment 4
Commitment 4: Building Productive Capacities to Make Globalization Work for
LDCs
Measures Physical infrastructure
Technological development
Enterprise development
Energy
Agriculture and agro-industries
Manufacturing and mining
Rural development and food security
Sustainable tourism
Proposal and Concern on Commitment 4 Proposal and Concern on Commitment 4
Commitment 4: Building Productive Capacities to Make Globalization Work for
LDCs
Concerns
Concrete support based on national and long term planning development/ poverty
reduction
There should be policy consistency within trade, investment and enterprise development
Full implementation of DDA
Trade support services for the LDCs
Support for overcoming structural and supply side constrains
Proposal and Concern on Commitment 5 Proposal and Concern on Commitment 5
Commitment 5: Enhancing Role of Trade in Deve
Measures Transform trade into powerful engine for growth and
poverty eradication Concerns
Improving country specific S &D measures
Strengthening preferential market access; changing in the Rules of Origin restrictions, helping to meet sanitary and phyto-sanitary product standards, reduction of TBTs etc.
Implementation of GATS Mode 4
Proposal and Concern on Commitment 6 Proposal and Concern on Commitment 6
Commitment 6: Reducing Vulnerability and Protecting Environment
Aim: Protecting Environment form loss of Bio- diversity, Drought and Desertification
Concerns:
Chemicalization in agricultural practices
Privatization of public commons
Industrial pollution, Ill Governance
Changing of natural habitat due to changes in climatic parameters
Proposal and Concern on Commitment 6 Proposal and Concern on Commitment 6
Commitment 6: Reducing Vulnerability and Protecting Environment
Aim Reducing Vulnerability from stress, shocks and natural disasters
Concerns
Increasing of natural disasters due to climate change
Loss of human habitat and risk of migration
Crop loss, asset loss and increasing of environmental refugees
Proposal and Concern on Commitment 6 Proposal and Concern on Commitment 6
What to be incorporated
Polluter pay and Exploiter pay principle in relation to financing climate change
Reparation of the resources of colonial exploitation, ecological debt and carbon debt
Free movement of environmental refugees
Technological cooperation for adaptation and GhG mitigation
Additional resources for DRR for the LDCs
Proposal and Concern on Commitment 7Proposal and Concern on Commitment 7
Commitment 7: Mobilizing Financial Resources
Measures: Domestic resource mobilization
Quality of Aid and its effectiveness
External debt
Increasing FDI & other private external flows
Concerns:
Developed world failed to realize commitment of allocating 0.15% of their GNI to the LDCs
Aid Quality of its effectiveness still a concern
Even Bangladesh shown promising in MDG (especially in gender parity in primary enrolment, poverty reduction, maternal and child mortality), international aid is decreasing and the country is notentitled for debt cancellation.
33 % reduction in international assistance from 1999 level. Loan has increased while project aid decreased. Food aid come down to zero almost.
Reality: MDGReality: MDG A Game of False Hope and Broken Promises in International Commitment
Bangladesh was not entitled for debt cancellation due to “debt to export ratio” as set by World Bankand IMF, all though Jaffry Sacks and Kofi Annan (2005) has pleaded for debt cancellation for country like Bangladesh for achieving MDG.
Bangladesh at present receives annually 1.5 billions but for MDG achievement its need 7.5 billion annually which is four time bigger then the present international assistance.
MDG:MDG: A Game of False Hope and Broken Promises in International Commitment
Reality: International AssistanceReality: International Assistance
25 % goes to aid giving countries, 25 % to consultants and bureaucratsand 25 % to rural and urban elites, only 25 % to the poor.
75 % Illegitimate and Odious Debt ?
NOW Its LDCs’ Time to Revisit Policies
Thank You All