LDCs and Brussels Programme of Action (BPoA) Organized by LDC Watch SAAPE – South Asia Alliance...

LDCs andBrussels Programme of Action (BPoA)

Organized by

LDC Watch

SAAPE – South Asia Alliance for Poverty Eradication

Equity and Justice Working Group Bangladesh

Its LDCs’ Time to Revisit Policies

Background: To address LDCs special needs in achieving development the UN conference on the LDCs adopted a Programme of

Action for the Decade 2001-2010

Overarching Goal: To make progress towards halving the extreme poverty and suffering from hunger by 2015; promote sustainable development of the LDCs

Aim: To improve the living conditions in the LDCs by providing a framework and global

partnership

BPoA : Aim, ObjectiveBPoA : Aim, Objective

Fostering people centered policy framework

Ensuring good governance at national and Intl level

Building human resource and institutional capacities

Building capacities to make globalization work for the LDCs

Enhancing the role of Trade in Development

Reducing Vulnerability and Protecting Environment

Mobilizing financial resources

Strategies of BPoA Implementation Strategies of BPoA Implementation

Mutual Commitments of the LDCs and the Development partners in 7 interlinked areas

Sustainable development

Special needs of land-locked &Small Islands LDCs

Challenges faced by the LDCs affected by conflicts

Cross Cutting Priority Areas of BPoACross Cutting Priority Areas of BPoA

Poverty Eradication

Gender Equality and Employment

Governance at national and intl levels

Capacity building

Guiding Principle of BPoAGuiding Principle of BPoA

Integrated Approach

Integrated into all intl. processes of concern to the LDCs including with the agencies outside of the UN System

Genuine Partnership

To be alignment between national policies and strategies in LDCs and the external assistance strategies of the partners

Country Ownership

Genuinely country led development

Guiding PrincipleGuiding Principle

Market Consideration

To be operated within a stable legal and economic framework; good balance between public action and private initiatives

Result Orientation

Towards achieving international development targets and gradually graduation from the LDCs list

Implementation Challenges of BPoAImplementation Challenges of BPoA

Commitment 1: Fostering People-Centered Policy Framework

Goals:

Annual GDP Growth Rate at least 7 %

Ratio of Investment to GDP to 25% per annum

Progress halving the extreme poverty by 2015

Progress in halving hungry people by 2015

Context : BUT economic growth does not guarantee poverty reduction. There should be reorientation in policies to improve living standards

Proposal and Concern on Commitment 1 Proposal and Concern on Commitment 1

Proposals

A stable macroeconomic framework

Sound investments in physical and human capital development

Good governance and quality institutions

Resource transfer in the poverty stricken areas

Ensuring active participation of poor people in the productive sectors


Concern

Reducing of development assistance

Imposing development policies by the donors

Market failure in ensuring food security

Dependence on external and internal credit sources and increasing of debt servicing

Lack of long term development planning


Commitment 2: Good Governance at National and International level

National Level

Ensuring rule of law Conflict resolution

People’s participation Empowerment of women

Transparency, accountability of public Institutes

International Level

Transparency in financial, monetary & trading

Open, equitable, rule based and non-discriminatory multilateral trading and financial system


Concern

LDCs share to the global trade is around 1%.

LDCs share in world exports fell from 3% in the 1950s to 0.7% in the 2000s

LDCs share in agricultural exports dropped from 3.3% in the 1970s to 1.5% in the 1990s

LDCs attracted less than 2% of global foreign direct investment


Concern

Multilateral trade regime failed to provide 100% duty-free and quota-free market

access for the LDCs.

Doha Round of UN FfD has remained inconclusive due to tussle between developed and advanced developing countries


Commitment 3: Building Human and Institutional Capacities

Targets

Reducing TB deaths and prevalence by 50% by 2010

Reducing infection rates and deaths from Malaria by 50% by 2010

Reducing HIV/AIDS infection rates in persons 15-22 age by 2005 in all countries and by 25 %

in the most affected countries


Building Human & Institutional Capacities :TARGETS

Infant mortality below 35/ 1000 births & Under-5 Mortality below 45/1000 births by 2015

Ensuring complete, free and compulsory access to good quality primary education by 2015

Increasing percentage of women receiving maternal and prenatal care to 60% by 2015

Reducing inaccessibility to safe drinking water by 50 percent by 2015


Building Human & Institutional Capacities

Concerns

Privatization of public services like health, education, water etc.

Corporate control over common resources

IPR on generic medicine items

Prevalence of new diseases and health hazards due to global warming


Commitment 4: Building Productive Capacities to Make Globalization Work for

LDCs

Measures Physical infrastructure

Technological development

Enterprise development

Energy

Agriculture and agro-industries

Manufacturing and mining

Rural development and food security

Sustainable tourism


Commitment 4: Building Productive Capacities to Make Globalization Work for

LDCs

Concerns

Concrete support based on national and long term planning development/ poverty

reduction

There should be policy consistency within trade, investment and enterprise development

Full implementation of DDA

Trade support services for the LDCs

Support for overcoming structural and supply side constrains


Commitment 5: Enhancing Role of Trade in Deve

Measures Transform trade into powerful engine for growth and

poverty eradication Concerns

Improving country specific S &D measures

Strengthening preferential market access; changing in the Rules of Origin restrictions, helping to meet sanitary and phyto-sanitary product standards, reduction of TBTs etc.

Implementation of GATS Mode 4


Commitment 6: Reducing Vulnerability and Protecting Environment

Aim: Protecting Environment form loss of Bio- diversity, Drought and Desertification

Concerns:

Chemicalization in agricultural practices

Privatization of public commons

Industrial pollution, Ill Governance

Changing of natural habitat due to changes in climatic parameters


Commitment 6: Reducing Vulnerability and Protecting Environment

Aim Reducing Vulnerability from stress, shocks and natural disasters

Concerns

Increasing of natural disasters due to climate change

Loss of human habitat and risk of migration

Crop loss, asset loss and increasing of environmental refugees


What to be incorporated

Polluter pay and Exploiter pay principle in relation to financing climate change

Reparation of the resources of colonial exploitation, ecological debt and carbon debt

Free movement of environmental refugees

Technological cooperation for adaptation and GhG mitigation

Additional resources for DRR for the LDCs

Proposal and Concern on Commitment 7Proposal and Concern on Commitment 7

Commitment 7: Mobilizing Financial Resources

Measures: Domestic resource mobilization

Quality of Aid and its effectiveness

External debt

Increasing FDI & other private external flows

Concerns:

Developed world failed to realize commitment of allocating 0.15% of their GNI to the LDCs

Aid Quality of its effectiveness still a concern

Even Bangladesh shown promising in MDG (especially in gender parity in primary enrolment, poverty reduction, maternal and child mortality), international aid is decreasing and the country is notentitled for debt cancellation.

33 % reduction in international assistance from 1999 level. Loan has increased while project aid decreased. Food aid come down to zero almost.

Reality: MDGReality: MDG A Game of False Hope and Broken Promises in International Commitment

Bangladesh was not entitled for debt cancellation due to “debt to export ratio” as set by World Bankand IMF, all though Jaffry Sacks and Kofi Annan (2005) has pleaded for debt cancellation for country like Bangladesh for achieving MDG.

Bangladesh at present receives annually 1.5 billions but for MDG achievement its need 7.5 billion annually which is four time bigger then the present international assistance.

MDG:MDG: A Game of False Hope and Broken Promises in International Commitment

Reality: International AssistanceReality: International Assistance

25 % goes to aid giving countries, 25 % to consultants and bureaucratsand 25 % to rural and urban elites, only 25 % to the poor.

75 % Illegitimate and Odious Debt ?

NOW Its LDCs’ Time to Revisit Policies

Thank You All

LDCs and Brussels Programme of Action (BPoA) Organized by LDC Watch SAAPE – South Asia Alliance...

Documents

Transcript of LDCs and Brussels Programme of Action (BPoA) Organized by LDC Watch SAAPE – South Asia Alliance...