KINGDOM PLANTAE

WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANTS?

ALL PLANTS:

ARE MULTI-CELLULAR

Made of more than one cell.

ARE MACROSCOPIC

Can be seen with the naked eye.

PLANT CELLSWHAT TYPE OF CELLS

ARE PLANT CELLS?

EUKARYOTIC

Nucleus

PLANT CELLSCell Wall

The cell wall is made primarily of CELLULOSE, a complex carbohydrate.

• Keeps the cell from rupturing

• Prevents water loss

• Shape and protection

PLANT CELLS

Vacuole

Vacuoles are membrane-bound spaces used for temporary storage of materials.

PLANT CELLSChloroplast

The chloroplasts are cell organelles that capture light energy and produce food (glucose) to store.

They contain the photosynthetic pigment, CHLOROPHYLL. This primary photoreceptor absorbs the light energy.

CHLOROS- “green”, PHYLLON- “leaf”

Chloroplast

Granum in Latin literally means “stack of coins”.

Thylakoid: derived from Greek word thylakos, meaning “sac”.

ALL PLANTS:

are

(also called producers) because they can produce their own food.

6CO2 + 6H2O→C6H12O6 + 6O2

There are a few plants that are also heterotrophs:

They attract, capture, and kill organisms (mostly insects) and absorb the nutrients from their prey.

Venus flytrapYellow Trumpet

English Sundew

WHY ARE PLANTS IMPORTANT TO HETEROTROPHS?

oxygen

Many medicines are made from plant materials.

Without plants, we wouldn’t have chocolate, tea, or coffee

plant reproductionAll plants reproduce sexually.

Some can also reproduce asexually.

During their lives, all plants alternate between:

a haploid (half the chromosomes) gametophyte (produces gametes) stage and

a diploid (complete set of chromosomes) sporophyte (produces spores) stage

ALTERNATION OF

GENERATIONS

PLANTS ARE DIVERSESome plants are terrestrial

Some plants are aquatic

PLANTS ARE DIVERSEPlants vary in size

Redwood trees

Can get up to 350 ft tall

Duckweed

Can be around 1 mm Amorphophallus titanum

Rafflesia

PLANTS ARE DIVERSE

LIFESPAN

Brassica rapa: 40 days Bristlecone Pine: 5000 years

Plants are believed to have evolved from green algae.

Green algae and plants both have: cell walls made of cellulose

contain chlorophyll

store food in the form of starch

KINGDOM PLANTAEContains: 12 Phyla or Divisions

There are 300,000 species of plants!

1.Plants are…

a.Unicellular prokaryotic heterotrophs

b.Multicellular prokaryotic heterotrophs

c.Unicellular eukaryotic photoautotrophs

d.Multicellular eukaryotic photoautotrophs

2.Most plants fill the ____________________ trophic level in the food web.

a. Decomposer

b. Producer

c. Primary consumer

d. Secondary consumer

3.The cell walls of plant cells contain

a.Peptidoglycan

b.Glucose

c.Wax

d.Cellulose

4.Which of the following is an indirect way in which humans depend upon plants?

a. We use plants for food

b. We depend upon plants for shelter and building materials

c. We eat herbivores

d. We use plants for medicinal reasons because of their curative value

5. The food which plants manufacture with the help of the sun’s energy is…

a. Simple glucose

b. Protein

c. Peptidoglycan

d. cellulose

9.Why are plants eukaryotes?

a. Because their cells are complex and contain membrane-bound organelles

b. Because their cells are simple and do not contain a true nucleus or membrane-bound organelles

c. Because they contain chlorophyll which helps them use the sun’s energy to make food.

d. Because they are multicellular