Kingdom Plantae:Angsiosperms

Seed plants with flowers

Phylum Anthophyta: Angiosperms• Anthos is Greek for flower

• Flower is a specialized shoot that can have four modified leaves into the following organs: sepalspetalsstamens: anther with pollen graincarpel: ovary with ovules

Development of the gametophytes

Gymno vs Angio ovules

Angiosperms have seeds covered by a fruit

90% of angiosperms are pollinated by animals

What is the benefit of being pollinated by an animal versus by wind?

What does the animal get in return?

How does the animal know that there is a reward?

Pollination partly responsible for flower diversity

Flowers attract specific animals

Flowers with nectar guides that reflect UV light are pollinated by _____

Flowers that are bright red and orangebut no particular scent are pollinated by ___

Beetles are drawn to fruity odors but are indifferent to color

Flowers that are large, light colored and highly scented are pollinated by __________

Nectar production is costly for the plant,what can you predict you might find in a some species of angiosperms?

Pollination in angiospermsWe associate flowers with colorful petals and sweet fragrances, but not all flowers have those accessories

Plants without showy flowers and no nectar, are most likely pollinated by__________.

Angiosperms have double fertilization:resulting in a zygote and an endosperm

• Double fertilization: Pollen tube discharges two sperm into the female gametophyte

Sperm + egg zygote (___n) Sperm + two nuclei endosperm(___n)

After fertilization, the ovules develop into seedsAnd the ovary develops into fruit

Fruit protects the seed and helps in dispersal

What is the benefit for improving seed dispersal?

The two main groups of angiosperms:monocots (one embryo leaf) and dicots (two embryo leaves)

Ovule develops into seed

What are the anatomical differences betweenmonocot and dicot seeds?

Seed germination continues the life cycle Germination:Not a beginning but rather resuming the growth and development that was temporarily suspended during seed dormancy.

Germination usually begins when the seed takes up water.

Enzymes begin digesting stored nutrients in the endosperm or cotyledons

Humans welfare depends greatly on seed plants

The major difference between angiosperms and gymnosperms is the __________. presence or absence of alternation of generations dominance or lack of dominance of the sporophyte generation production of two different types of spores presence or absence of vascular structures presence or absence of a protective covering over the ovule

After fertilization, the _____ develops into a seed and the _____ develops into a fruit.egg ... ovary ovule ... ovary ovary ... ovule egg ... ovule pollen grain ... ovule

A pea pod is formed from ____. A pea inside the pod is formed from ____. an ovary ... an ovule endosperm ... an ovary an ovary ... a pollen grain an anther ... an ovule an ovule ... a carpel

Both gymnosperms and angiosperms have _____.pollen, seeds, and ovules pollen and seeds pollen ovules seeds

The male gametophytes of flowering plants are also referred to as _____. embryo sacs male sporophytes none of these pollen grains

Where in an angiosperm would you find a megasporangium?packed into pollen sacs within the anthers found on a stameninside the tip of a pollen tubein the style of a flowerwithin an ovule contained within an ovary of a flowerenclosed in the stigma of a flower

With respect to angiosperms, which of the following is incorrectly paired with its chromosome count?

zygote—2negg—nmegaspore—2nsperm—nmicrospore—n

Which of the following is not a characteristic that distinguishes gymnosperms and angiosperms from other plants?

ovulesalternation of generationsintegumentspollendependent gametophytes

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