Post on 07-Feb-2018
SO Y TE OUANG NAM
IRLNG 1 AM IRUYEN I H 6 N G GIAO DUC SI ( KHOE
w.m'ki
DE TAI
KHAO SAT
^ THAI DO, KIEN THLfC, HANH VI
VE VE SINH AN TOAN THlTC PHAM
CIA NGirOl DAN TAI TINH QUANG NAM
MA SO KX.0309 ' • - \ ; A - \
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Ih -c M. Hiic -L NGUYfiN THI LIEN
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P H.^'
NAM 2010
DANH SACH NHOM NGHIEN CtTU
TT
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HQTEN
BsCKI. Trinh Van Truyen
Ths. Nguyen Thi Lien
Ths. Thai Ngpc Huynh Van
BsCKI. Nguyin Van Scm
Bs. Nguyen Minh Thu
Bs. Nguyen Thi Kim Van
KS. Vo Quang Lpi
Bs. CKI. Trin Thanh Tam
Lp Van Himg
Phan Thanh Tiing
Nguyin Thj Thu Trang
Nguyen Thi Hoang Viet
DON VI C 6 N G T A C
Sdytg
Trung tam Truyen thdng
Giao due Stic khoe
SoYte
SdYte
Trung tam Truyen thong
Giao dttc Siic khoe
Trung tam Truyen thong
Giao due Siic khoe
Tinmg tam Y ti du phdng tinh
Trung tam Y te dir phdng tinh
SdYte
Tnmg tam Truyen thong
Giao due Stic khoe
Tnmg tam truyen thong
Giao due stic khoe tinh
Tmng tam TruySn thong
GHI CHIJ
Ban chu
nhiem
Chu nhiem
Thuky
Thanh vien
nhdm
nghien ciiu
Thanh vien
nhdm
nghien ciiu
Thanh vien
nhdm
nghien ciiu
Thanh vien
nhdm
nghien ciiu
Thanh vien
nhdm
nghien ciiu
Cpng sir
Cpng sir
Cpng sit
Cpng su
s
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CN. Hd thi Thanh Giang
CN. Nguyen Trudmg Hoa
CN. Hoang thj Minh Hiin
Phan Cdng Duan
Tran Cong Tuan
Bs. Dang Van Hai
BsCKII. Nguyin Cam
Bs. Nguyen Day
Bs. Nguyen Thai Tho
Bs. Dd Trudng Lim
Bs. Nguyen Van Cam
Ho Van An
Huynh Van Hoang
Le Ngoc Quang
Tnromg Van Thanh
Biti Van Hai
Tran Thi Chi
Tran Thi Mai
Vo Thi Chm
Giao due Stic khoe
Trung tam Truyen thdng
Giao due Siic khoe
Trung tam Truyen thong
Giao due Stic khoe
Trung tam Truyin thong
Giao due Stic khoe
Trung tam Truyen thdng
Giao due Stic khoe
Trung tam Truyen thdng
Giao diic Siic khoe
Trung tam Y te Dir Phdng
tinh
Chi cue An toan Ve sinh
Thuc pham
Chi cue An toan Ve sinh
Thuc pham
Trung tam y te Nam Tra My
Trung tam y te Nam Tra My
Trung tam y te Nam Tra My
Trung tam y te Hiep Dtic
Trung tam y te Hiep Diic
Trung tam y te Hiep Diic
Trung tam y te Hiep Diic
Tram y te Binh Lam Hiep Dtic
Tram y te Tan An Hiep Dtic
Tr^im y te Tan An Hiep Diic
Tram y te Tan An Hiep Dtic
Cdng sir
Cpng sir
Cpng su
Cong sir
Cpng su
Cpng su
Cpng sir
Cong su
Cpng sir
Cong sir
Cpng sir
Cpng sir
Cpng sir
Cpng sir
Cpng sir
Cong su
Cpng su
Cpng sir
Cpng sir
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Pham Thi Ha
Trinh Ky Lo
Nguyen Hiiu Ky
Nguyen 'Nhu
Nguyen Ho Quang Huy
Le Thanh Chien
Hoang Tieu Anh
Le Thi Nil
Luong Van Thdng
Tran Diic Thinh
Truong Thi Chung
Nguyen Dtic Thai
Chau Thi Duong
H6 Thi T6 Nga
Vii Thi Kim Hucmg
BCii Quoc Xet
Nguyen Thi Biit
Thai Thi Hau
Lam Thi Dieu Ngpc
Doan Xuan Viet
Chi Thi Viet Hoa
Nguyen Thai
Ngo Cong Binh
Tram y te Binh Lam Hiep Diic
Tram y te Que Thp Hiep Diic
Tram y te Que Thp Hiep Dire
Tram y te Que Binh Hiep Dtic
Tram y te Que Binh Hiep Diic
Tram y te xa Tam Xuan I Niii Thanh
Tram y te xa Tam Xuan I Nlii Thanh
Tram y te xa Tam Hiep Nlii Thanh
Tram y te xa Tam Hiep Nlii Thanh
Tram y te xa Tam Xuan 11 Nlii Thanh
Tram y te xa Tam Xuan 11 Nlii Thanh
Tram y te xa Tam Xuan II Niii Thanh
Tram y te Thi tran Nlii Thanh
Tram y te Thi tran Nlii Thanh
Tram y te Thi tran Nlii Thanh
Tram y te Tam Tien Nlii Thanh
Tram y te Tam Tien Nlii Thanh
Trung tam y te Ntii Thanh
Trung tam y te Niii Thanh
Trung tam y te Nlii Thanh
Tnmg tam y te Niii Thanh
Trung tam y te Niii Thanh
Trung tam y te Niii Thanh
Cdng su
Cong su
Cong su
Cong sir
Cong sir
Cong su
Cpng su
Cong sir
Cong sir
Cpng su
Cpng sir
Cgng su
Cong sir
Cpng su
Cong SIT
Cong sir
Cong sir
Cpng su
Cpng sir
Cpng sir
Cpng su
Cpng su
Cpng su
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Trin TSn Thinh
Phan Thi An
Truong Thi Suong
Nguyen Thi Phuong Thao
Nguyen Thi Phi Anh
Nguyin Vo Duy Trung
Nguyen Thi Van
Nguyen Thi Thu Ba
Hoang Thi Nhi
Phan Thi Tuyet Mai
Bill Thi Bpt
Bui Hoang Himg
Trung tam y te Nili Thanh
Tnmg tam y te Tam Ky
Trung tam y te Tam Ky
Trung tam y te Tam Ky Tram y te An My
Tam Ky Tram y te An My
Tam Ky Tram y te Phudc Hoa
TamKy Tram y te Phudc Hoa
TamKy Tram y te An Xuan
TamKy Tram y te An Xuan
TamKy Tram y te Tan Thanh
TamKy Tram y te Tan Thanh
TamKy
Cong su
Cpng sir
Cpng sir
Cong su
Cong su
Cpng sir
Cpng sir
Cong su
Cpng sir
Cpng su
Cpng su
Cong sir
MUC LUC
TT NOl DUNG TRANG
B$t van de 1 I Mof dau 3 1 Tong quan tinh hinh nghien ciiu 3 1.1 Tdng quan 3 1.1.1 Khai niem vi thuc phim va ve sinh an toan thuc pham 3 1.1.2 Vai trd cua VSATTP ddi vdi siic khoe va kinh ti, xa hdi 3 1.1.3 Hau qua cua TP khdng dim bao v? sinh an toan den siic 4
kho6 va nen kinh te xa hoi 1.1.4 Phan loai 6 nhilm thuc phSm 7 1.1.5 Nhiing dieu cdn lam di cd btta in ngon va dam bao 9
VSATTP 1.1.6 Mot sd qui dinh lien quan din ngudi kinh doanh, che biin 9
TP 1.1.7 Thirc an dudng phd 11 1.1.8 He thdng hoat dpng va luat phap vi VSATTP 13 1.2 Tinh hinh nghien ciiu 14 1.2.1 Tinh hinh ngo doc TP tren the gidi va trong nude 14 1.2.2 Mot sd van di v i T A D P 19
1.2.3 Nhimg hieu biet ctia cpng ddng vi VSATTP 21
2 Muc tieu, doi tirong, noi dung, phirong phap nghien 24 cmi
2.1 Muc tieu nghien ciiu 24 2.2 Ddi tugfng nghien ciiu 24 2.3 Ndi dung nghien ciru 24 2.3.1 Tim hieu sir hiiu biit kiin thirc vi an toan ve sinh TP va 24
each quan ly VSATTP cua cac cdp chinh quyen, ban nganh, doan the vdi cong tac VSATTP
2.3.2 Danh gia thuc trang kiin thiic, thai dp, hanh vi ve 24 VSATTP cila ngudi kinh doanh TP
2.3.3 Danh gia nhOng hieu biet vi chfa lupng VSATTP cua 25 ngudi ban rong
2.3.4 Tim hiiu mdt s6 vto de ve TADP 25 2.3.5 Tim hiiu kiin thilc, thuc hanh ciia ngudi san xuat che 25
biin TP 2.3.6 Danh gia thuc trang van di dam bao VSATTP tai hep an 26
tap thi 2.3.7 Tim hiiu thai dp, kiin thiic cua ngudi tieu dung ve 26
VSATTP 2.3.8 Thuc trang cong tac myen tmyen giao due siic khde ve 26
VSATTP tai tinh Quang Nam 2.4 Phuong phap nghien cum 27 2.4.1 Thiit k i nghien ciiu 27 2.4.2 Cd miu 27
2.4.3 2.4.4
2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8
[I 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7
Cach chpn ddi tupng vao miu nghien ciiu Cac budc tiin hanh Xir ly sd lieu nghien cim
Khdi lupng cdng viec dS hoan thanh Nhan luc Diiu phdi
Ket qua nghien ciiu va ban lufln Bac diem chung Phan bd theo dp tuoi va gidi tinh Phan bd theo dia du Phan bd theo ddi tupng Trinh dp hpc van Thdi gian dam nhan cdng viec Kham siic khoi dinh ky Dupe tham gia tap huin kiin thirc VSATTP
27 29 29 29 29 29
30 30 30 31 31 32 33 34 35
2 Thye trang cong tic quan ly vf sinh an toan thuc 36 pham ciia chinh quyen, sir ph6i hgp cua cac ban nganh, doan the tai dja phirong
2.1 Dia phuong cd thanh lap Ban chi dap VSATTP 36
2.2 Xay dung ke hoach, ban hanh van ban chi dao ve 36 VSATTP
2.3 Td chlic hpi nghi trien khai va tdng ket vi cdng tac 37 VSATTP
2.4 Phuong phap chi dao khi cd vu ngd dpe TP xay ra tai dia 38 phuang
2.5 Vai trd cua ban nganh, doan the trong cdng tac VSATTP 38 2.6 Cdng tac quan ly VSATTP d ngudi ban rpng 39 2.7 Cong tac truyen thdng qua he thong loa huyen/xa 40 2.8 Y kiin ve cdng tac quan ly VSATTP 41 2.8.1 Cac cdng doan (khau) can luu y de dam bao VSATTP 41 2.8.2 NhOng heat dong can thuc Men de lam tdt cdng tac 42
VSATTP 2.8.3 Quan ly ve VSATTP ddi vdi ngudi ban hang rong tai dia 43
phuang 2.8.4 Ngudn cung cip thong tin vi VSATTP 44 2.8.5 Hinh thiic myen trayin cd hieu qua tai dia phuang 44 2.8.6 Nhu ciu tap huln kiin thiic VSATTP 45 2.8.7 Cac cdng viec cin thuc hien di nang cao kien thiic 46
VSATTP cho ngudi dan
3 Kien thiic, thai d6, hanh vi vl VSATTP 3.1 Kiin thiic, thai dp, hanh vi ve VSATTP cua ngudi SX, 47
CBTP 3.1.1 Kiin thiic cua ngudi SX, CBTP 47
3.1.2 Thai dd, hanh v iv i VSATTP ciia ngudi SX, CBTP 52 3.2 Kiin thiic, thai dp, hanh vi vi VATTTP cua ngudi kinh 56
doanh TP 3.2.1 Kiin thiic v i VATTTP cua ngudi kinh doanh TP 56 3.2.2 Thai dp hanh vi v i VSATTP ciia ngudi kinh doanh TP 59
3.3 Kiin thiic, thai do, hanh vi vi VSATTP ciia ngudi tieu 65 diing
3.3.1 Kiin thirc vi VSATTP cita ngudi tieu dting 65 3.3.2 'Thai dp, hanh vi v i VSATTP cua ngudi tieu dimg 72
3.4 Y kien ciia ngudi dan 77 3.4.1 Ngudn cung d p thdng tin VSATTP 77 3.4.2 Mong mudn nang cao kiin thirc VSATTP 77
4 Thv'c tr^ng hoat d$ng truyin thong giio dye sue khoe 78 ve VSATTP
4.1 Cdng tic xay dung ki hojch hoat dpng TTGDSK vi 78 VSATTP
4.1.1 Tinh hinh thuc hien cdng tac xay dyng ki hoach 78 4.1.2 Ca sa xay dung ki hoach hoat dpng TTGDSK 79 4.1.3 Nhihig ngudi tham gia xay dung ki hoach 79 4.1.4 Ke hoach dupe thdng qua cac d p chinh quyin dja 80
phucmg 4.2 Cac hinh thiic tmyen thdng dupe thuc hien 81 4.3 Tinh hinh thanh lap ban tin, diim tayen tmyen bing 82
Video vi VSATTP 4.4 Tilth hinh san xuat cac phuang tien trayen thdng cua cac 83
td TTGDSK
5 Tim hieu nguySn nhan dva den tinh trang kien thiic, 84 thai dg, hanh vi ve vg sinh an toan thirc pham cua ngirdi dan con thap
5.1 Cdng tic quan ly chua ddng bp 84 5.2 If thirc trach nhiem vi vige bao dam ATVSTP ctia ngudi 85
san xuit, che bien, kinh doanh TP ehua cao: 5.3 Nhjn thiic cua ngudi dan vi vg sinh ATTP cdn rat thap 85
m Ket luan vk de xuat giai phap can thif p 86 1 K^tlu^n 86 1.1 Thuc t r ^ g kiin thiic, thai dp, hanh vi vi VSATTP ctia 86
ngudi dan 1.1.1 Thvrc trang cdng tac quan ly VSATTP cua chinh quyin, 86
su phdi hop cua cac ban, nganh, dean thi t^i dia phuang cdn nhiiu bit cap
1.1.2 Ngudi SX, CBTP cdn thiiu kiin thiic va cd thai dp, hanh 86 vi v i VSATTP
1.1.3 Kien thiic cua ngudi kinh doanh TP cdn yeu va hp cd 87 nhiiu bit cap trpng thirc hanh vi VATTTP
1.1.4 Ban than ngudi tiSu dimg cDng cdn thieu kien thirc va 87 chua cd thai dp, hanh vi dam bao vi VSATTP
1.1.5 Thuc trang hoat ddng TTGDSK vi VSATTP 87 1.2 NguySn nhan cua tinh traing thieu kiin thirc, chua cd thai 87
dp, hanh vi tdt cua ngudi dan 1.2.1 Cdng tac quan ly chua ddng bp 87 1.2.2 'Y thiic trach nhigm vi vigc bao ddm ATVSTP ciia ngudi 87
SX. CBTP, kinh doanh TP chua cao 1.2.3 Nhan thiic ciia ngudi dan vi ve sinh ATTP cdn rat thap 88
2 s i xu^t giai phap can thigp 88 2.1 Ddi vdi cac cap chinh quyin, ban, nganh, doan thi 88 2.1.1 Can hoan thign hg thdng van ban chi dao, van ban phap 88
luat vi quan ly chit lupng an toin vg sinh TP 2.1.2 Ciing cd he thdng to chirc quan ly chat lupng VSATTP 88
2.2 Vdi nganh y ti 98 2.3 Ngudi lam SX, CBTP; kinh doanh TP 90 2.4 Ngudi dan 90
Ldi kit 90
N H I T N G C H C VIET TAT
VSATTP Ve sinh an toan thirc pham
TP Thirc pham
SK Stic khoe
•WTO World Trade Organization: Td chiic Thuong mai t h i gidi
W H O World Health OrganizationiTd chirc y te The gidi
T A D P thirc Sn dudng phd
TTGDSK Truyen thdng giao due sir khde
D S , S K S S / K H H G D Dan sd, sue khde sinh san/ke hoach hda gia dinh
DAT VAN DE
Chat lupng ve sinh an toan thuc phim (VSATTP) la vin di cd tim quan trpng djc bigt, khdng nhiing anh hudng true tiip va thudng xuyen den sire khde nhan dan, deii sir phat trien gidng ndi, ma cdn anh hudng true tiep din qua trinh san xuit, xuit khau hang hda, phat triin du lich va uy tin quoc gia. Dam bao VSATTP se tang cudng ngudn lire, thuc diy phat triin kinh te - xa hpi va md rpng quan hg quoc te.
Theo thdng ke cua To chirc Y ti The gidi (WHO), hdng nSm cd khoang 1,3 ty lupt ngudi hi ia ehay thi 70% trong sd do do sir dung thuc phim (TP) che biin khdng hpp vg sinh, TP nhiem vi khuln hpSc tdn du ho4 chit qui Idn. Cac trudng hpp ngp ddc do d nhiSm vi khuan thudng bieu hien cap tinh, nguyen nhan chii yen do thieu vg sinh trong qua trinh che bien va bao quan TP [82].
(3 nude ta, vin de dam bao chit lupng VSATTP da dupe Nha nude cpi trpng. Thil tudng Chinh phii da cd Chi thi ve tang cudng chat lupng VSATTP; nam 2003, Uy ban Thudng vu Qude hdi da thdng qua Phap lenh VSATTP; Bd Y te la ca quan quan ly nha nude ve chat lupng VSATTP da phdi hpp vdi cac Bd, Nganh xay dung kS hoach hanh dpng den nam 2010 ve quan ly chat lugng VSATTP... Cong tac trayen thdng giap due sire khde (TTGDSK) nham nang cao kien thirc ve VSATTP cho ngudi san xuat, che bien thuc pham (SX, CBTP), kinli doanh dich vy Sn udng va ngudi tieu dimg da dupe thuc hien rpng rai. Nhieu tieu chuIn, quy chuIn, quy pham ky thuat ve van de nay da duac thuc thi. Cdng tac phdi hpp lien nganh kiim tra, thanh tra da gdp phan ngan chan nhieu sai pham trong san xuat va kinh doanh thuc pham (TP).
Tai tinh ta, qua han 8 nam triin khai chuang trinh muc tieu VSATTP da tao dupe su chuyin biin tich cue ve nhan thiic, nang cao trach nhiem eua lanh djio cac d p , cac nganh, cac to chile xa hdi, da gdp phan dieu chinh vi nhsn thiic va hanh vi cda ddng dao quan chiing nhan dan ve VSATTP. Sd vu ngd dde TP va tir vong do ngd dde TP da giam di hang nam, nam 2007 giam 72% s6 vu va giam gan 90% so tradng hpp mic so vdi nam 2006. Da lap lai trat tu ky cucmg trong san xuit, che bien, kinh doanh TP va giam dang ki cac benh trayen qua TP.
Tuy nhien, nhiing thach thirc trong cdng tac dam bao chit luoDg VSATTP teong ca nude ciing nhu tai tinh ta cdn rat Idn. Dd la he thdng to chile quan ly cdn chua du manh. Cac van ban phap quy, cac quy trinh, quy pham, tiSu cliuin ky thuat vfi chat lupng VSATTP ban hanh cdn chSm va chua dap ling vdi yeu ciu hOi nhjp nhu hien nay. Su quan tam cia cac d p , cac nganh, cac td chiic xa hpi va ctia nhan dan cdn han chi, he thing thanh tra chuyen nganh, kiim nghifim TP cdn yiu. Dac biet, cdng tac quan 1 hoat ddng VSATTP tai cac tuyin co sd cdn dang gap nhieu khd khan thach thirc, trong do nhan lire thiiu, nang luc quan ly va ky nang quan ly cdn rSt h^n che; tmh hmh ngd dde TP cd diln biin philc tap han, cac vu ngd dpe TP t^p the van khd kiimsoat
Trong nhOng nam vira qua, tinh ta phai ddi mat vdi nhieu bien ddng lien quan din VSATTP nhu dich cum gia elm, Ipn tai xanh, bao liit...Ban chi dao lien nganh VSATTP ciia tinh da triin khai nhiiu hoat dpng nhu: td chirc hdi nghi triin khai hoat ddng VSATTP hang nam, td chirc li phat dpng thang hanh dpng vi chit lupng VSATTP, tjp huln, tuyen trayin... Nhung chua cd mdt khao sat nao danh gia thue ttang kiin thiic, thai dp, hanh vi cua ngudi dan (bao gdm cac nha lanh dzio, ngudi san
xuat, kinh doanh TP, ngudi tiSu dimg) trong tinh. Tren co sd do di xuat mOt sd giai phap can thiep nhim nang cao nhan thiic, thai dp hanh vi cua ngudi dan ve VSATTP. Chinh vi v^y chiing tdi tiin hanh thuc hien di tai: Khao sat kiin thirc, thai dp, hanh vi v i VSATTP cua ngudi dan tinh Quang Nam vdi 2 muc tieu: danh gia thuc tr^ng kien thiic, thai dd, hanh vi v i VSATTP cua ngudi dan tinh Quang Nam va di xuit mpt sd giai phap thich hpp nhim nang cao nh^n thiic ciia ngudi dan ve VSATTP.
I. MO DAU
1. TONG QUAN TINH HINH NGHIEN CUU
1.1. TONG QUAN
1.1.1. Khai nigm vi TP \k vg sinh an toin TP
TP la tat ea mpi dd an, thirc udng d dang chi bien hojc khdng chi biin ma con ngudi sir dyng hang ngay di an, udng nhim cung d p cac chit dinh dudng d n thiit cho CO thi di con ngudi cd thi sdng, phat teiin va hoat dpng [53].
VSATTP la cae dieu kign va Ijign phdp d n thiit di dam bao TP khdng gay hai eho siic khde, tinh mang con ngudi [48].
Phai gia VSATTP vi TP rit di bj d nhilm bdi cac tac nhan sinh hpc, hca hpc va ly hoc nen niu khdng tuan thu cac quy dinh vi VSATTP trong ca aua trinh san xuit, ehi bien, bao quan, phan phdi, v|in chuyin va sil dung thi TP cd the trd nen nguy hai cho siic kho^ con ngudi va la nguyen nhan cua cac vu ngp dpe TP.
Nhu v?y, VSATTP la cdng vigc ddi hdi su tham gia cua nhiiu khau, nhiiu nganh. each tdt nhat de ty bao vg sire kho^ cho ban than va gia dinh la mpi ngudi d n phai cd kiin thiic co ban vi TP va VSATTP [53].
1.1.2. Vai trd cua VSATTP doi voi siic khoe va kinh te, xS h^i
1.1.2.1. Vai tro cua VSATTP idi v&i sue khoe va kinh ti, xS h^i
- Vai tro ciia VSATTP ddi vai sue khoe Tat ca chiing ta deu nhan thay tam quan trpng cua vi$c an udng, dd la nhu d u
hang ngay rat cap bach va phai dap irng. Ngay tir trade cdng nguyen, cac nha y hpc da cho rang an udng la mpt phuang tien di chOa berth va giii gin siic khde. An udng sach se hap vg sinh rat quan trpng cua dinh dudng hpp ly. Quan sat each an trayen thdng cua ngudi Viet Nam chiing ta thay khi an cac thirc an ddng vat thudng dung kem theo mdt sd rau, gia vi, mdt mat giiip an ngon mieng, mat khac cilng la each phdng rdi loan tieu hoa.
TP eung cap cac chat dinh dudng dam bao siic khde cho con ngudi, ddng thdi ttong nhiing diiu kien khdng an toan TP cung cd the la ngudn gay bSnh, tham chi cdn din din tir vong. Khdng mpt thirc an nao dupe coi la cd gia tri dinh dudng niu nhu nd khdng bap dam VSATTP. Theo Hai Thuong Lan (Dng, thiic an phai la cac chit bd duSng eho ca thi chit khdng dupe la ngudn gay benh. Vigc bao quan TP phdng ttanh radi nhang, Im mdc, di thiu va gitt v^ sinh ngudn nude cung dupe Ong khuyen day. HiSn nay, khai niSm an toan TP khdng cdn ddng khung trong van de an, luong thuc ma cdn phai dam bao biia an da dang gdm nhieu loai TP. Cac TP nay khdng nhiing dam bao cho con ngudi phat triin tdt vi the luc, tri luc, tang eudng siie lao dpng sang tao ma cdn phai dam bao vg smh an toan, khdng dupe la ngudn gay bgnh, tiic la tien tdi dam bao an ninh dinh dudng [3], [35].
- Vai tro cua VSATTP ddi v&i kinh tixa /igi TP dam bao chit lupng vS sinh an toan Ididng nhiing lam giam ty Ig benh tat,
tang cudng kha nang lao ddng ma cdn gdp phan phat teien kinh te, van hoa, xa hdi va thi hi§n nep s6ng vSn mmh ciia mdt dan t§c. Hdi nghi Chau A lln thii 3 vi an toan TP (ATTP) va dinh dudng td ehiic t^i Bic Kinh thang 10/2000 da thao lu?n nhiiu din biSn phap day manh cdng tac VSATTP, danh gia nguy co 6 nhiim TP va diin biin cua
tinh hinh dinh dudng lien quan den TP trong nhung nam diu budc vao thiSn nien ky mdi [71].
TP CO vai trd quan ttpng trong nhiiu nganh kinh ti. Chit lupng VSATTP la chia khpa tiep thi cua san phim. Tang cudng chit lupng VSATTP dem lai uy tin cimg vdi lpi nhuan Idn cha nganh san xuit ndng nghiep, cdng nghiSp chi biin TP ciing nhu dich vu du lich thuong mai. TP la mpt loai hang hoa chien lupc, TP dam bao chat luong VSATTP sS tang ngudn thu xuat khiu san phim, co tinh canh ttanh lanh manh va thu hut thi tradng the gidi. Hien nay, kim ngaoh xuit nhap khIu tren thi gidi dang ngay mdt tang len nhimg TP lai dang dirng trudc nguy co d nhiim nghiem trpng. Nhiiu vu ngp ddc do TP gay nen da lam chin dpng du luan thi gidi.
Nude ta da ttd thanh thanh vien cua To chirc Thuong mai thi gidi (WTO) vao nam 2007. Ngoai nhung no luc chung tren lat ca cac mSt, cdng tac VSATTP cung dupe quan tam mdt each tieh eye va dong bo nham thuc hign diy dii cae yeu d u de tuong ddng vdi cac nude ve ky thuat, chi tieu chat lupng, luat Ig, he thing quan ly ehlt luong tien tien... Vi vay, Viet Nam khdng nhirng phai thiic diy san xuit teong nude phat trien ma cdn phai tang cudng qudn ly chiil lupng VSATTP di xuat khIu dupe san phim (ndng san, thiiy san...) dat ehlt lupng va ngan chan dugc TP khdng dam bao chSt lupng, an toan vg sinh nhap vao Vigt Nam nham bao vg sire khde ngudi tieu dimg.
1.1.3. Hau qua cua TP khong dam biio ve sinh den sHc khoe va nen kinh te xa hpi
TP dupe cei la san phim dac biSt, cd anh hudng true tiep den sire khde va tmh mang con ngudi. Viec cung cap TP va nude udng an toan, dam bao chat luong la rat d n thiit. TP khdng nhttng cd tac dpng thudng xuyen ddi vdi siic khde mdi ngudi ma cdn anh hudng lau dai den ndi gidng ciia dan toe. Hign nay van de dang quan tam la de phdng va khic phuc hau qua cda TP d nhilm, khdng dam bao vg sinh an toan gay ngd doc nguy hiem cho con ngudi [2].
H^u qua ctia ngg dge TP co the tdm tat theo so do
Tieu ehay, suy dinh duong,
cac benh khac c> Anh hudng den kinh te xa hdi
Ca thi Cdng ddng
So do 1.1. H?u qua cia ngi dge TP
1.1.3.1. Anh hu&ng iin site khde
Chat lupng VSATTP khdng dam bao se anh hudng trye tiip va thudng xuyen dSn siic khde, gay nen nhihig bgnh tat, rii loan chuc nang ca thi, hiiu hign qua ngd dpe TP cap tinh, ngd doc man tinh, ngi dOc tich luy ciing nhu cac b^nh trayen qua TP. Dge hist, chit lupng VSATTP cdn anh hudng den vin di tap hinh va vin di diiu hoa gen ma true tiip hay gian tiep anh hudng den gidng ndi [39, [42].
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Sir do 1.2. Chat luyng VSATTP va sire khde
- Ngp dOe TP d p tuih; Chit lupng VSATTP khdng dam bao gay h?u qua diu tien la cac ngO dOe TP d p tmh. HiSn nay, do nhung biin dpng vi mdi teudng, nhttng thay ddi v i giao luu quoe ti , su phat teien ciia cong nghigp, teong dd ed cdng nghifip che biin TP, cac thay ddi ttong cdng ngh$ chan nudi, teong ttpt, ttong dd ed edng nghe gen... lam xuat hifin nhiiu nguy co mdi gay ngd dpe TP [43].
-I- Tai My, mdi nam cd 5% dan sd hi ngd doe TP va chit 5.000 ngudi. -I- T ii Anh, mSi nam cd 190 ca ngO dpe TP/lOOOdan. -I- Nhjt Bin cii 100.000 dan ed 40 ea ngp dpe TP mdi nam. + T?i Oc, mdi nam cd 4,2 ttieu lupt ngudi ngp dde TP. -I- 0 Vigt Nam do edng tac kiim soat VSATTP mdi dupe thiit IJp, cdn nhiiu hgn
chi v i hg tiling giam sat, thdng kS, bao cao, n6n sd lupng ngd dOc TP thu thap chua
dupe day du. Tuy nhien con sd ngd ddc TP a Viet Nam nhttng nam gin day cung cho thay day la van de d n dupe quan tam va can lliiep.
Ngp dpe TP man tinh: Neu chat lupng VSATTP khdng dam bao cdn gay ton thuong man tinh nhu:
-I- cac b$nh man tinh: Dai thao dudng, tim mach, huyet ap tang, loang xuong, ung tiiu, beo phi....[73].
+ Cae tdn thuong m ^ tinh: tdn thuong gun. than, da va cac eo quan hg thing khac. -1- Rdi loan cac chtic nang co the: cac ciu'ic nang tieu hoa, hd hap, tim mach, than
kinh, sinh due, tao mau, thj giac... cung bj linli hudng neu chat lupng VSATTP khdng dam bao [44].
1.1.3.2. Anh hudng Sen kinh te - xa Iiiii cac b^nh lien guan din ngp dpe TP da gay thiet hai Idn eho nganh kinh te, xa
hpi va cac ehi phi y te khac. Theo To chirc y ic The gidi (WHO), hing nam d My ed khoang 3,3 - 12 ttigu ca bi nhilm dpe TP va ihict hai 6,5 - 35 ty USD (chi phi 1.531 USD/ca). d Anh 190 ca nhiim dpe TP/l.OOOdan (chi phi 789 bang Anh/ca). d Uc tnmg binh hing nam cd khoan 11.500 ca nhiOm dpe TP, chi phi vao khoan 2,6 ty USD tjc/nam (1.679 USD/ca), Canada hing nam co 33 ttigu ca, chi phi hit 7,7 ty USD. Cac bgnh do an phai TP hi d nhiem dang la mpl \ fin de siic khde idn d cae nude phat trien cung nhu cae nude dang phat triin. 6 cac mu'ic dang phat triin cd khoang 10% hi ngp dpe TP. Nhu vgy, ngp dpe TP dang la mdi &: dga sire khoe ciia mpi ngudi dan.
6 Vigt Nam, Cyc An toan vg sinh thuc pliam (ATVSTP) udc tinh moi nam cd khoang 9 ttigu ca bi ngO d0c TP va cac bcnli truyin qua TP. Theo tinh toan ctia cae nuac dang phat ttiin, ehi phi khic phyc hau qua cho mot tradng hpp nhilm ddc TP la 100 USD tiic la khoang 1.900.000 dong (ban gdm ttr ngudn ngan sach nha nude, gja dmh nan nhSn phai chi tta va doanh nghiep nui xay ra ngd ddc TP phai chi tra di khac phuc hau qua). Nhu vgy, mdi nam d nuiic Ui phai mit 17.000 ty ddng di chi cho viSc khie phyc hau qua do ngp dpe TP va cac bC Ji iruyen qua ' p ' [45].
TP b} d nhiim da gay thiet hai nghiem Irpng din nin kmh te. Vu dich ta xay ra d Peru nam 1991 dS gay tin thit 700 trieu USD trong viec xuit khlu ca va cac san phim tir ea, ngay nhu d My dang phai ddi dau vdi vd sd nguy co xay ra nhu thit b) nhiim vi khuln, chiia cac ehlt tang tnione. ihudc khang sinh hoge 'TP sir dyng cong nghg gen. Vln di thit bd diSn d Anh nh.iiii \ lio cac nude khdi Bac Au, TP hi nhiim digoxm d Bi da lam eho nganh cdng nghiC;) xuat khlu TP nude naylamvao khing hoang ttlm ttpng. Ri6ng van de kiem tra doe chat digoxin ttong TP d6 khSng djnh dd an toan cua cac TP dd cung da ehi phi l5ii l;em dang ki (khoang 20 ttigu dong ViSt Nam/mlu x6t nghigm). Mpt chuyen gia hang banh kgo Corana-Loms d Bi cho biSt lpi nhuan eua hp bj giam 47% sau vu digPNin nay. San phim thit ipn ddng hpp, xdng khdi d Phap bi nhiim Listeria diu nam 2000 d;1 gay du luan Idn va din tdi viee dinh ttg tieu thu TP nay d thi trudng chau A.u.
Ngoai cac anh hudng ttlm trpng tdi sue klipe cung nhu ehi phi cia timg ea the, ngO dpe TP cdn gay inh hudng Idn doi vi'n nin cdng nghiep TP va nen kinh t& cac qude gia, khu vue.
Bang 1.1. Ng6 d0c TP anh hu-ong din chi phi
Ddi vdi ca thl
. Cac chi phi y te
. That thoat thu nhap • Dau don va chiu dung • Khong con thi gia rdi rai • Chi phi cham soc nguoi benh • Su xao tron trong sinh hoat gia dinh . Cac chi phi boi duong phuc hoi - Cac chi phi hgrp phap
Doi voi c6ng nghiep TP
- Thu hoi san pham . Dong cua nha may . Don ve sinh • M^t thj truong • Mat tinh than tugng • Gia tang chi phi bao hiem • Cac chi phi hop phap
dnh te xa hoi
Doi voi Nha nyo'c
. Chi phi giam sat
. Dieu tra nghien cuu sir bung no cua benh
Ton that lao dpng quoc gia a nhiing vung ngp doc . Giam xuat khau • Chi phi cham soc y le va an toan xa hpi
That nghiep Thiet hai ve du lich
- Thiet hai v^ ngu6n nhan luc
GMgudn: Food safety for nutritionist. ICD/SEAMEO/GTZ/WHO)
Ching ta nhgn thay anh hudng cia ngp ddc TP cd thi xay ra tren 3 pham vi. Chi phi cia ngp dpe TP cho ea the cd the chiem uu the khac nhau tuy thupc vao timg khu vue tten the gidi. 6 cac nude dang phat ttiin thieu he thdng bao hiim xa hdi nen mat thu nhip ttong thdi ky dau dm cd anh hudng Idn ban so vdi cac nude phat trien. Ddi vdi nen ndng nghiep, ngd doe TP dan den su nghi viec, mat mat sire lao ddng va cd the dan den that nghigp. Ddi vdi cdng nghiep TP, ttong tradng hop cd san pham gay ngd ddc TP thi nha may phai ngimg san xuit va cd the gay hau qua tai hai hon den cpng ddng. Sy tang trudng cia kinh te cac nude dang phat triin cd thi bi anh hudng bdi ngp dpe TP do khdng dap img dupe yeu d u cia sy phat teien ludn ddi hdi sic lao ddng khoe manh.
Van de TP khdng dam bao chat luong VSATTP la nguyen nhan chi yeu dan den nhimg thiet hai khdng chi tinh mang, sic khoe ciing nhu kinh te cia timg ngudi hoac timg gia dinh, ma cdn anh hudng den sic lao ddng cia toan xa hdi, anh hudng den uy tin hang hoa va lam giam kha nang tieu thy TP che bien tu ngudn nguyen lieu trong nude, cac cd gang nang cao chit lupng VSATTP, phdng ngua ngp ddc do TP gay nen da gdp phan thue diy sit phat triin kinh te, phic lpi xa hdi, sic khde cdng ddng va cai thien chat lupng eupe sdng. Thdng ke cac vy ngd ddc TP la 1 chi tieu nhay ben ve sic khde, vg sinh va an udng hign nay.
1.1.4. PhSn lo^i 6 nhiem TP Tuy theo tac nhan gay d nhiim TP ngudi ta ehia ra 3 loai d nhilm TP ehinh.
1.1.4.1. O nhiim sinh hpc
u. Cdc con ducmg gay 6 nhiim TP do sinh hoc
TAC NHAN SINH HQC
: ^ ^ T Sue vat bj
benh
Mo thit
Sinh vat co doc to
Che bien TP
IMo quan TP
Doc to
nam mdc
Th\rc vgt c6
doc
Dong vat CO
doc
V^ sinh c^ nhan (tay ngirai lanh
mang trung, ho..
I O'Au kign
ini t v? sinh, klidng che day, ruoi. chuOt...)
THy'c PHAM
So do 1.3. C4c con dirdng gay 6 nhiem sinh hgc vao TP.
b. Cdc tdc nhdn sinh hoc gdy 6 nhiem TP
- Vi khuan: Cac vi khuln cd ttong TP cd the gay bgnh nhilm khuln ho|o gdy ngd dde cho ngudi an. Cac bgnh nhilm khuln la do an phai vi khuan gay bgnh, ching phat trien teong co the ngudi, thudng la trong dudng rapt Ngp ddc TP do an phai chit ddc hinh thanh t i trudc (chat ddc do vi kliuin sinh ra teong TP t i trade khi Sn). Thudng ngudi ta chia ra: vi khuln hkih thanh bao t i va vi khuan khdng hinh thanh bio ni:
+ cac loai vi khuan hinh thanh bao t i : Closteidium botalmum, Clostridium perfringens. Bacillus cereus.
+ cac loai vi khuan khdng hinh thanh bao t i : Vibrio cholerae. Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Listeria, Staphylococcus, aureus, Stteptoeoccus, Escherichia coll. Yersinia enterocolitica, Proteus.
- Cac vhus: Virus viem gan A, Vhus viem gan E, Rota viius, Norwalkvirus, Vims bai liet
- Cac i y sinh tring: Ky sinh tring don bao: Entamoeba histolytica; Giim dua; Giun tdc; Giim mdc; Giun xoin; San la gan nhd; San la phdi; San day Ipn; San day bd.
- Cac vi sinh vat cd ddc td: Ddc td nim ddc; -H Aflatoxin: La ddc td cia nam Aspergillus flavus va Aspergillus parasiticus,
hay cd ttong ngd, dau, ciii dia khd... la ddc td gay ung thu gan, giam nang xuit sia, tring.
+ Ochratoxin: La ddc td c ia nim Aspergillus ochraccus va Penicllltum virdieatum, hay ed ttong ngd, lua mi, lia mjch, bdt dgu, hat ea ph6. Ddc td Hay cing cd kha nang gay ung thu. Qua kit qua Idem tra Aflatoxin Bl Ihay rang ty If d nhiim d m.pt sd loai TP nhu sau: lac nhan: 17%; xi diu: 33%; tuong: 42%; ca phi: 30%; ddu phdng: 68%. Ddng v^t cd chit ddc: cdc; ea ndc; dde td teong nhuyin thi: DSP (Diarrhetie Shellfish Poisonmg): gay tieu ehay, NSP (Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning): gay het thin kinh, ASP (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning); gay dSng tri, PSP (Paralytic
Shellfish Poisoning): gdy liet ca; cac loai ca ddc khac. Thuc vat cd chat ddc (Pyrrolizidine, Alkaloids, Lipin alkaloids): nim ddc; mang, sin doc; la ng6n...fl9]
1.1.4.2. O nhiem hod hpc: u. Nhitng chdt hod hoc cho them vao TP Iheoy mudn - De bao quan TP: + Chat sat khuln: Mudi Nitrat, mudi Nitrit, axh benzoic, Natri benzoat, Natri
borat (han the)... + cac chat khang sinh: Chloramphenicol, Tetracycllin, Streptomycin,
Penicillin... -I- Cac chat kich thich tang trpng. + cac chat chdn^ dxy hoa: axit aseobic, axit xltic, axit lactic, a - Tocopherol... + Chat chdng mde: Natri diaxetae, diphenyl... -I- De tang tinh hip din cia thic Sn: Chat ngpt ting hpp: Saccarin; cac phim
mau: phim mau vd co, pham mau hfln co, phim mau tong hpp. -I- cac hpa chit cho them vao di che bien dac biet: cac chit lam tring hot: khi
Cio, Oxyt nita...; cac ehlt lam tang kha nang thanh banh dai. gion cia bpt: Rroinat. . Han the...; cac chat lam eung TP: Canxi CIrua, canxi citrat, canxi photphas... (ding canxi photphas lam cimg dau phy).
-I- Tang khlu vi: mi ehinh...
b. Nhitng hod chdt lan vdo TP: - cac hoa chat cdng nghiep, cac hoa chat trong dat: dioxin, PCBs, vinyl
chloride, aeryloniteile, benzopyrene, styrene... - cac kim loai nang: thuy ngan, chi, cadimi, kem, arsen, ddng, sat. - Chat d nhiem trong nau nudng, che bien: acrylamide, chloropropanols.
c. Hod chdt bdo ve Ihuc vdi: O nhiem TP do hoa chat bao vf thuc vat d nude ta ngay cang gia tang. Nguyen
nhan do ehua kiem soat dupe tinh teang nhap lau, budn ban cae loai hoa chat bao vg thye vat cam qua bien gidi, chua hudng dan ve each ding hoa chat bao ve thire vat den noi den chdn eho ngudi dan, chinh quyin cac d p , nhit la eo sd eung nhu cac nganh chuc nang chua thue su cd bien phap quan ly nghiem ngat. Chinh vi vay, tinh teang rau qua ke ca che xanh hi nhilm hoa chat bao vg thue vat edn kha phd bien.
1.1.4.3. 6 nhiim TP do cac yiu td vgt Iy
- cac di vat: Cac manh thuy tinh, san, dat, sdi, manh cac vat dyng khac ISn vao TP.
- cac manh kim logi, chit deo... - cac yiu td phdng xa: Do sy cd n i cac Id nguyen t i , cac nha may dien nguyen
hi, rd ri phdng xa t i cac Trang tam nghifin ciu phdng xa, t i cac md phdng xg. - Cac thuc vat, ddng vgt ttong vung mdi trudng hi d nhiim phdng xa ki ea nude
udng hi nhilm cae ehlt phdng xg se gay hai cho ngudi s i dung khi an udng phai ching.
1.1.5. Nhung dieu cin lam d l co bira iin ngon va dam bao VSATTP [S4]: Phu lyc 10
1.1.6. Mot s8 qui djnh lien quan din ngvdi kinh doanh, che bien TP
Ca sd kinh doanh TP: la cae ca sd td ehie budn ban TP de thu ldi lai, bao gdm:
- Co sd ban TP la cac ea sd trung bay TP di ban cho khach hang. - Co sd dich vy an udng la cac co sd kinh doanh dich vu an udng. - Co sd vgn chuySn TP la cac co sd van chuyen TP, nguyen lieu TP t i noi nay
den noi khac.
1.1.6.1. Quy Oinh yeu ciu kien thAc vi VSA TTP - Ca nhan true tiip san xuat, kinh doanh TP phai cd Giiy ching nhan da duac
tgp huan kien thuc ve VSATTP phu hpp vdi timg nganh nghi san xuit, kinh doanh. - NhOngngudi cd bang tdt nghigp dai hpc, cao ding y, dupe chuyen khoa ve
sinh TP, dich ti , dinh dudng; bing tit nghigp Dai hpc hoac Cao ding - khoa Cdng nghg TP khi \xnc tiip tham gia san xuit, kinh doanh TP khong d n cd Gily chimg nhan da dupe tap huln kien thic vi VSATTP.
- Cap nhat cac kien thic chuyen nganh
Ngudi cd Giay ching nhgn da dupe tap huln kiin thic vi VSATTP, hang nam, phai tham gia tap huan de cap nhat cac kien thic chuyen nganh, cy the cho timg nganh nghe san xuat, kinh doanh TP [8].
Chi CO sd san xuat, kinh doanh TP cd trach nhiem tao dieu kien cho ngudi true tiep san xuat, kinh doanh tham gia tap huan hang nam; ddng thdi phai ed sd theo doi viec tap huan ndi teen. Sd theo doi phai cd su xac nhan cia co quan giang day.
- cac kien thic co ban la diiu kien di duac cap giay ching nhan: -I- cac mdi nguy co gay mit VSATTP. -I- Diiu kien VSATTP. -1- Phuang phap bao dam VSATTP (trong san xuat, che bien, bao quan, luu tri,
van chuyin, tiiu ding ...) -I- Thye hanh tdt VSATTP. -I- cac quy djnh phap luat ve VSATTP. -I- cac kiin thic: thue hanh san xuit tdt (GMP - Good Manufacture Practice),
thue hanh vg sinh tdt (GHP - Good Hygiene Practice), phan tich mdi nguy ca va kiim soat diim tdi han (HACCP - Hazard Analysis and Critical Conttol Point).
- Cac kien thic chuyen nganh: cu thS cho timg nganh nghe san xuat, kinh doanh TP.
1.1.6.2. Quidinh dieu kiin v&i cff sd chi biin TP
Thuc hien theo Quyit dinh si 4428/2001/QD-BYT ngay 3/10/2001"Qui dinh xi diiu kien bao dam an toan TP tai cac nha an, hep an tap the va co sd kinh doanh che biin suit an sSn", eua Bd y t i [14] (phy lyc 9)
1.1.6.3. Biiu hien sAc khoe cOa ngu&i lao ifng
Thuc hign theo Quyit dinh sd 4428/2001/QD-BYT ngay 3/10/2001"Qui dinh vi diiu kign bao dam an toan TP tgi cac nha an, bep an tap thi va co sd kinh doanh che biin suit an sin ", cua Bd y t i [14] (phy lyc 9)
1.1.7. Thirc an dunng ph6 Hien nay, cimg vdi cac loai TP chi biin sin, dich vu T A D P ngay cang phat
trign. cac dich vu nay thugn tien eho ngudi tieu ding nhung cung tiim In nhiiu nguy CO gay ngd dpe TP.
Theo khai nigm cua Td chic Y t i thi gidi, TADP la nhung dd an, thic udng dupe larn sSn hoac che biin, nau nudng tai ehd, cd thi an ngay va dupe bay ban tren dudng phd, nhiing nai edng cdng. Cd 3 loai TADP: ban ttong cia hang cd dinh, ban teen he phd va ban rong. Hien nay, ea 3 loai hinh nay dang phat teiin rit manh d nhiiu dd thj Idn ttong nude. Vigc phat ttiin cae loai hmh T A D P teen la mdt nhu d u tit yiu cia xa hdi, vdi vigc dem Igi nhiiu thugn tien cho ngudi tieu dung. Tuy nhien song hanh cung sir thuan tien nay la nhttng mdi nguy tdi sic khde, tinh mang ngudi su dyng, thgm chi la tdi ca cpng ding.
1.1.7.1. Nhiing Igi Ich va nhufc Mem cua TABP - Left ich: + Thugn tign cho ngudi tieu dung. + Re tien, thich hpp eho quang dai quin ehung. -I- Ngudn thic an da dang, hip din, ddng vai ttd quan ttpng ttpng viec cung cip
thic an eho xa hpi. + Ngudn thu nhap va tao cdng an vigc lam cho nhieu ngudi, nhit la phy nii,
nhimg ngudi di cu t i ndng thdn ra do thi, it vdn, khdng d n nhiiu eo sd va ttang thiit hi [15].
- Nhwac diem: + Thiiu ha ting co sd va dich vy ve smh mdi tradng (cung d p nude sach, xu ly
rac, chit thai, cdng trinh ve smh...) -I- JChd kiim soat do su da dgng, co ddng, tam thdi, mia vy... -I- Ngudi ban T A D P thudng thieu kien thuc vi VSATTP, diiu kien kmh t i han
hep. -I- Viec quan ly, tiianh tta, kiim tra T A D P cdn rit khd khan do thieu nhan luc,
ttang thiit bi va phan cdng ttach nhiem. -I- La mdi nguy co Idn cho sic khoe cdng ddng (ngd dpe TP, eae hfnh lay
trayen qua TP), anh hudng tdi canh quan va van minh dd thj |49].
1.1.7.2. Yiu can vg sinh doi vdi TADP De T A D P that sir giip cho moi ngudi, khdng gay ngd ddc can thuc hien cac yeu
cau sau: - NguySn lifu tuai sdng, cd ngudn gdc r5 rang, dang tm cay, an toan khdng d
nhiim ktd bao quan, van chuyin. - Nude, nude da: Nude diing chi biin, lam da phai la
nude sach, nude dung di udng tryc tiip phai la nude dun sdi. - Noi chi biin: Khu vue chi biin, dyng cu chi biin phai
sach, v i sinh. TP sdng, chin phai dupe chi irien hang dyng cu rieng, nia sgch, nlu chin. Khdng s i dung pham mau, phu gia, hoa chit ddc hai trong chi biin.
- Van chuyin, bao quan: Hgn chi vgn chuyen xa, dun^ ey v|n ehuyin phai sach, duac die day kin, phai ed hi lanh m bao quan A i c an.
- Noi bin hang, dung cy niu nudng: Cd ban, t i kinh, gia cao tten 60 cm cdch ly ngudn d nhiim (khu vi smh, cdng
Hinh 1.6. Canh ban
hang rong
ranh,...). Dyng cy tiep xic TP phai sach sg, r ia sgch thudng xuyen. S i dyng bao bi sach, an toan khi bao gdi TP.
- Ngudi che bien, ban hang: Ria tay va giu ban tay sach trong sudt qua ttinh che bien, ban hang. S i dung trang thiet hi chuyen dung (quin, ao, mu, tap de, khlu trang...) khi ban hang. Cd benh truyin nhiim khdng dupe ban hang. Dupe tap huln kiin thic vi VSATTP.
Ddi vdi dich vu TADP ban rong ein thye hign. - Chi ban thic an ed thi dam bao dupe VSATTP khi dem di ban reng. - Cd phuong tien dam bao VSATTP (xe day, xe dap, ganh hang, lan hang,
thing hang, mgt hang...). Cy the phai: + Kin, tranh dupe mua ning, byi, gid, rudi, mudi, cdn trung... -I- Giu dupe thic an sach, khdng d nhilm. Ngudi ban hang khdng cd bgnh trayen nhiem, cd dieu kien vg sinh ca nhan tdt,
dupe tap huan vi kiin thic VSATTP. Cd cam kit vdi chinh quyin co sd va y ti vi vigc dam bao chat lupng
VSATTP. - Dung eu dung thic an, bao gdi thic Sn phai sach, khdng ding lai trong cing
mpt lln. - Gitt ding thdi gian an toan cia thic an, khdng dupe ban thic an cd diu hieu
hu hdng, di thiu, d nhilm. - Nguyen lieu lam thuc an phai dupe chpn Ipc, che bien dam bao yeu cau vg
sinh. - Khdng ding tay tryc tiep bdc, nam thuc an de ban [51].
1.1.7.3. Nguyen tac bao dim an toan TABP - Chinh quyin phudng la ngudi chi tti, kit hpp bio dam VSATTP vdi xay
dung phong ttao van minh dd thi. - Y te la tham muu. - Huy dpng cac td chic quin ching va cac nganh tham gia: Cdng an, quan ly thj
tradng, y ti , chtt thap dd, cuu chiin binh, van hoa thdng tin...) - Duy tri chi dp kiim tra ddn ddc, chan chinh thudng xuyen (td thanh tta nhan
dan) - Thudng xuyen myen trayen nhIc nhd tren loa dai, thuc hign cam k& gitta ca
sd kinh doanh T A D P vdi chinh quyin dia phuang. - So kit, tdng kit, danh gia.
1.1.7.4. Tieu chudn ve sinh dSi v&i TABP - Bao dam d i nude sgch. - Cd dung cy rieng gip thiie an chin. Khdng di lin thic an chin vdi thic an
sdng. - Nai chi biin TP phai sach, each biet ngudn d nhilm (edng, ranh, rac thai,
cdng ttinh ve sinh, noi bay ban gia sic, §ia cam...). - Ngudi true tiip lam djeh vy ehi biin, kmh doanh thic an phai dupe tap huan
kiin thic va kham sic khoe dinh kJ'. - Nhan vif n phai cd tap di, khlu ttang, mu khi b&i hang. - S i dung nguySn lieu chi biin TP cd ngudn gdc tin c$y. Khdng s i dung eae
chit phy gia, pham mau khdng dupe phSp s i dyng ttong ehi biin TP. - Thic an phai dupe bay ban tten gia cao tten 60 cm.
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- Thie an chin phai dupe bay ban ttong t i kinh. - Thic an phai dupe bap gdi hpp ve sinh. - Cd dyng cy chia dyng rac thai tai npi kinh doanh dich vu T A D P [7].
1.1.8. Hg thong hoat dpng v4 lu^t phap ve VSATTP
1.1.5.1. Trin thigi&i:
Hau hit cac qude gia tren the gidi deu rat quan tam den cdng tac dam bao chat lupng VSATTP, nhat la nhihig qude gia cd nen kinh te phdt triin nhu Bac My, Chau Au... luat phap lien quan den cdng tac nay da dupe ban hanh t i rat lau, each day ca tram nam nhu My, Uc,... Vifc diu tu ban hanh cac vSn ban phap quy, thanh lap cac don vj chuyin nganh nghien cim, kiim spat hpat dpng nay cing nhu cac quy dinh ve dieu kign vg sinh, tieu chuan chat lugng... ngay cang nghiem ngat hon; chang ban nhu Tmng tam kiem soat TP va dupe phim Hoa Ky (FDA) ra ddi chuyen nghien eiu vi Hnh vue TP va dupe phim, Uy ban tieu chuIn hda TP Qude ti (CODEX); Hdi ddng chung FAO/WHO vi phy gia TP (JECFA), Co quan an toan TP Chau Au (EFSA) da ky hiep djnh vdi Co quan kiim soat TP va dupe pham Hoa Ky (FDA) trong ITnh vue danh gia nguy co an toan TP,... [73].
cae nude d gan ching ta nhu Trung Qude, nam 1995 da ban hanh lugt ve sinh TP, CO quan quan ly nha nude ve VSATTP thupc Qude vu vien; Indonesia ban hanh phap ifnh ve thye pham, san pham cia trdi cho nam 1996; Malaysia ciing da ban hanh phap lenh TP tir nam 1983 [52].
1.1.8.2. Tai Viet Nam
Dang va Nha nude dae bift quan tam din cdng tac cham sde va bao vf sue khde nhan dan, diiu nay dupe thi hifn ttong tit ca nghj quyit, van kign Dgi hdi Dang cac cap, cac ky Dai hpi. Quan diim nhit quan nay dupe khing djnh cy thi trong Nghi quyit sd 46/NQ-TW ngay 23/2/2005 cia Bp Chinh tti ve cong tac bao vf, cham soc va nang cao sic khde nhan dan ttong tinh hinh mdi. Bao dam an toan TP la mpt ndi dimg quan ttpng teong edng tac bao vg sic khde nhan dan, nen cung da dupe Dang, Nha nude quan tam sau sac, dieu nay da dupe thi hifn cy thi bing hanh dpng cu thi: thanh lap Cue quan ly chat lupng, vf sinh, an toan TP (tien than cia Cue ATVSTP ngay nay) nam 1999. Ngay teong nam nay, Chinh phi da ban hanh Chi thj sd 08 ve viec tang cudng cac bifn phap bao dam chit lupng VSATTP; nam 2000 da phe duyet ehuang trinh bao dam VSATTP la mpt teong 10 chuong trinh mye tieu quoc gia cia Bd Y te; nam 2003 da ban hanh Phap ifnh vg sinh an toan TP ; nam 2004 ban hanh Nghj djnh sd 163/2004/ND-CP hudng din chi tiit thi hanh mpt sd diiu cia Phip Ifnh VSATTP; nam 2006 phe duy ft chuong trinh hanh dpng bao dam VSATTP giai doan 2006-2010 theo hudng ted thanh chuang trinh mye tieu qude gia doc lap; nam 2007, phe duyft 6 du an nim teong chuang tthih muc tiiu qude gia bao dam VSATTP giai doan den 2010 vdi tdng kinh phi khoang 1300 ty ddng. Nam 2008, ban hanh Nghj djnh sd 79/2008/ND-CP vi hf thdng td chic quan ly va kiim nghifm vf sinh an toan TP [17].
Bin cgnh dd, Chinh phi cung chi dao, giam sat chat che cdng tac bao dam VSATTP; da td chic Hdi nghj toan qude lln th i nhit v i cdng tac bao dam VSATTP vao thang 01/2007 va lln 2 vao thang 3/2008; ban hanh Chi thj sd 06/2007/CT-TTg vi vifc triin khai cac biin phap cap bach bao dam vf sinh an toan TP; chi dao eae bp nganh Hen quan di xuit xay dung du an luat an tpan TP di trinh Qude hpi vao nam 2009. Cac Bp, nganh Uin quan cung da ban hanh hang loat cae Quyit djnh, Thdng tu, Thdng tu lien tjch ... d i hudng din chi tiit thi hanh cae nhif m vu quan ly nha nude vi
13
ATTP, tgo hanh lang phap ly kha day d i cho linh vye quan ly mdi, dac bift quan trpng nay.
l.l.S.3. Tai tinh QuingNam
Nhiing nam qua cdng tac nay da dupe UBND tinh ban hanh nhieu van ban chi dgo thuc hien: Chi thi sd 12/CT-UBND ngay 27/3/2006 cia UBND tinh, Ki hoach so 3960/KH-UBND vi Phe duyet ki lioach hanh ddng vf sinh an toan TP giai doan 2006 - 2010 cia tinh Quang Nam va nhiiu van ban chuySn mdn khac cia cac Sd Y te, Khoa hpc - Cdng nghg, Ndng nghiep - Phat trien ndng thdn, Cdng thuong,...mot each thudng xuySn va kip thdi di teiin khai ede hoat dpng vf sinh TP mpt each cd hifu qua.
1.2. TINH HINH NGHIEN CXSV
1.2.1. Tinh hinh ng§ dge TP tren the gidi vi trong nnde
1.2.1.1. Tren thi gi&i: Theo udc tinh cia WHO, tren thi gidi hang nam cd khoang 1,3 ty ngudi bj tieu ehay, teong dd 70% nguyen nhan do s i dyng TP khdng an toan, TP nhiem ban gay ra va lam ehet 2,2 trieu ngudi [19]. Ci My theo thdng ke cua Trimg tam kiem soat va phdng ngua benh tat (CDC) thi cd Idioang 5% dan sd bj nhiem doc TP teong nam, nhu vay moi nam cd khoang tren 13 trifu ngudi bj ngp ddc va phai chi vai ty dd la cho cdng tac ciu ehtta. Thuc te, nude My dang phai ddi dau vdi vd sd cac nguy eo ngd dde nhu thjt bj nhilm khuln, TP cd nhilm hormon tang tradng, cac chit khang sinh, TP cdng nghf gen.
d Ha Lan, ngd dpe TP hang nam len tdi 9-15 tradng hgp/1000 dan, trong do ty If ngp ddc do Salmonella la 5% va do Campylobacter chiem tdi 15% [70]. Gan day, sd tradng hpp ngd ddc do Salmonella chiem 1,5% dan sd va do Campylobacter chiim tdi 4,5%i dan sd. Vdi sd dan Ha Lan la 15,2 teifu, nhu vay udc tinh hang nam cd tdi 100.000 tradng hop do Salmonella va 300.000 ca bgnh do Campylobacter [70].
Theo thdng ke cia Mayer trong 50 nam gan day, ty If t i vong do ngd ddc Botalism chiim tdi 34,2%, d My ty If nay la 63,7%). Stta chua cia cdng ty Acor Dairies nude Anh nam 1989 nhiim Closteidium botolinum lam 27 ngudi mac va cd 1 ca t i vong. Nam 1993, vy ngd ddc do Closteidium botulinum typ B cd lien quan den mdn ca chiSn ttong dau tai "Y eung da dupe bao cao [4].
Cae thic an bd sung bj d nhiim do cae vi khuln nhdm Escherichia coli dang la nguyen nhan ehinh cia tieu ehay d tee nhd [46]. Vy djeh d My (1998) lam 32 tee em hi viem rapt kit ehay mau cd lien quan tdi vifc tieu thy thjt vien nhd che bien chua chin nhilm Escherichia coli 0157:H7 thudc la smh dde td dudng rapt (ETEC). Nam 1999 ed 804 tradng hap mle bgnh do nude udng nhiem vi khuln nay, do la hau qua cia thye hanh vf sinh kem, gay lay nhilm t i ngudi nay sang ngudi khac.
Nhat Ban la nude cd nin cdng nghifp phat teiin mgnh ddng thdi cung la nude ma sy d nhilm mdi te^udng da lam cho hang ngan ngudi chit vi an phai ca bj nhiem thuy ngan [64]. Theo sd lieu (1991-2000) d Nhgt cd 14.549 vy ngp doc TP vdi 368.313 ngudi mic va 72 ngudi chit, ttung bhih 20-40 ca/lOO.OOOdan. (3 Uc cd khoang 4,2 nieu ngudi mle hing nam. 6 Canada c i 11 ngudi mic benh thi cd 1 ngudi bi ngd ddc TP, nhu vay cd khoang 2 ttieu ngudi mic/nam vdi chi phi 1.100 do Canada/ea. Trong nhung ttudng hap ngd dde tten cd 85% la do bj nhilm khuln thic an. Tai Osaka-Nhat Ban (6/2000), cd 14.700 ngudi bj ngd dde do udng stta tuoi loai beo ddng hop gily SNO'W, do khdng dam bao cac quy trinh, chi dp vf sinh san xuit mdt each nghidm ngat.
Khu vue Thai Lan, An Dd, Philipin cd khoang 100 ngudi vao vifn hing ngay do s i dung TP khdng an toan. Theo thing ke cia Manila (Philipin) thi tieu ehay la mpt ttong 10 nguydn nhan gay hfnh tat chinh vdi tong so 19.498 ca (1997) va 19.598 ca (1998). Tgi Trang Qude, teong 6 thang diu nam 2004 cd 3.634 ngudi bj ngp ddc TP va 89 hfnh nhSn t i vong. Tgi miin Bic Thai Lan (3/2006), 161 ngudi d tinh Nan da phat hifn sau khi an mSng tre mudi chua d mdt ll hpi do bao quan mang tre khdng tdt da tao ra vi khuan Clostridium botulinum. Theo udc tinh cua td chic y te the gidi, cd khoang 1/100 sd ea n^p ddc TP dupe ghi nhan tren bao cao cia cac nude cd he thdng bao eao ngd ddc TP bat budc (it hon rit nhiiu sp vdi thuc ti). Thue te hang nSm tai cac nude phat triin cd khoang 10% dan sd bj ngp dpe TP, cac nude kem phat triin con sd nay eao hon nhiiu, chiim khoang 1/3 dan sd bj ngp ddc TP/nam [29].
Ngp ddc do an phai TP cd chua sin chat dpe tuy it xay ra nhtmg ty If t i vong lai cao hon ngd ddc do d nhiem vi sinh vat.
Nhiiu bao eao gan day cho thiy cac bfnh lien quan den TP ngay cang tang. Cd tdi 30% dan sd d cac nude phat triin ehju anh hudng bfnh tgt do TP gay nen. Vy ngp ddc tai 19 tinh nude Phap (1/2000), do thjt Ipn ddng hpp bj nhiim Listeria gay nhieu lo ling cho ngudi tieu ding Chau Au.
Nghien ciu d cac nude dang phat triin cung cho thay tinh trgng bfnh tat do TP d nhilm dang cd chiiu hudng gia tang. Ngp dpe TP gay ra bdi phly khuln ta (Vibrie cholerae) dupe biit t i thiin niin ky trade, thudng xay ra d eae cdng ddng ngheo nhu An Dp, Ddng Nam A va Chau Phi. Dau nam 1991, benh xuit hifn d Pera da lan rdng tdi M5' La tinh va Trang My, tdng sd len tdi 506.798 ngudi mac do su lan trayen qua nude vaTP [64].
1.2.1.2. TaiVi^lNam
Tai nude ta, teong nhung nam qua, cdng tac VSATTP dang ding trade nhieu thic thach. Nhieu vu ngd ddc cap tinh xay ra gay ehet ngudi rit dang tiic d cac btta an tap thi. Theo thing ke cia Bd Y ti, t i nam 1999 din 13/8/2004, tren toan qude da xay ra 1.245 vy ngp ddc TP vdi 28.014 ngudi mac, trong dd 333 ttudng hop t i vong. Dien hmh la vy ngd dde TP ngay 11/6/2003 tgi bip an tap thi cia Cdng ty TNHH P&G sin xuit hda my phim cia tinh Binh Duong vdi 350 nan nhan; hoac vy ngp ddc tai bSp an tap thi cua Cdng ty May Nghia Tung (Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh) vdi 59 ngudi. Phan tieh nguyen nhan xay ra ngd ddc teong thdi gian tren cho thay ty If sd vu ngd ddc do vi sinh vgt vln cao nhit ( t i 32.8-51.3%), sau dd la ngp ddc hda ehlt (11-25%) va TP ed ddc (6.4-31.8%), cdn lai la cac trudng hpp ngp dpe chua xac djnh dupe nguyen nhan. RiSng teong nam 2007, sd vy ngp dpe TP cua ca nude da tang gin 39.0% so vdi nam 2006 [6].
Nhiing dot kiim tra VSATTP cia Cyc An toan vf sinh TP cho thay, nhiiu doanh nghifp chua quan tam ding mic ddi vdi quy djnh vi VSATTP, thudng gap nhung vi phgm nhu dung cy phue vy an udng, chi biin, tin trtt, bao quan TP sai quy djnh; nhan viSn tryc tiip san xuit ehua dupe teang bj kiin thie ea ban ve bao dam an toan TP va vf smh ca nhan. Hiu hit cac bip an tgp thi, noi cung cap suat an eho cdng nhan mua hang tedi nil, kem chit lupng, mit vf sinh, t r i sd it cong ty Ion mdi mua d siSu thj. Nguy ca gay ngd d^c Idn nhit la ngudn nguySn Ufu, nhimg hiu hit nguyen lifu diu vao khdng qua kiim djnh. Dang lo nggi hien nay la vigc nh$n thic vi phdng dich benh ciia cac ca sd nau an edn chi quan, coi nhe.
VSATTP la vln di dang dupe quan tam d nhiiu nude ttSn thS gidi, nhat la teong hoan canh hinh thanh cac khu vye mau djeh ty do, toan ciu hoa kinh t i hifn nay. 6
nude ta, VSATTP cung dang la vln di cd tinh thdi su d p bach. Nhung nam qua, ehlt lupng VSATTP khdng dn djnh, mac du ed nhiiu tiin bd khoa hpc ky thuat trong cdng tac dam bao A T V S T P , cac blfn phap ve quan ly, giao dye cung nhu ban hanh cac van ban quy pham phap lugt... v i vf sinh TP, nhung cae bfnh do chit lupng TP va thii-c an khdng an toan vln cdn chiSm ty If kha cao, nhiiu vy ngd dpe do an udng xay ra, nhiiu teudng hpp gay chit ngudi.
Khi nghien eiru du lupng hoa ehlt bao vf thuc vat trong mpt sd rau qua d Thai Nguyen, Bic Ninh, Ha Nam, Ha Npi, Quang Binh, Ninh Thuan cho thiy, cd mdt ty If Idn rau nhiim hoa ehlt bao vf thuc vat (bang 1.4) [19].
Bang 1.4. Rau qua bj d nhiim hoa chat bao vg thurc vat
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ten rau qua Rau mudng Rau ngdt Rau cai Bap cai Dau dua Dua chudt Nho npi Tap Trang Qude Li Tnmg Qude
Ty Ig 6 nhiim hoa chat bao ve thuc vat (%) 83,00 68,00 91,00 30,00 50,00 100,00 50,00 50,00 50,00
Tuy nhiSn da sd vy ngd dpe cd nhiSu ngudi mac thudng lien quan den TP bj d nhilm vi sinh vat gay thift hai Idn din sic lao dpng va cae chi phi phuc hdi sue khde. Mdt sd ddng ngudi hi mac tai bip an tap the nha may, tradng hpc... Tai cdng ty CHIN-LI khu cdng nghifp Vift Huong tinh Binh Duong, 3 nam lien xay ra ngp dpe TP, nam 1998 cd 148 ngudi mac, nam 1999 cd 79 ngudi mac, nam 2000 cd 30 ngudi mac do dat suat an eho edng nhan tu mdt nha thiu d thanh phd Hd Chi Minh van ehuyin len Bmh Duong [6].
Dieu tea cia Pham Thj Ngpc (2001) tgi Yen Bai cho thay: ty If mac ngd ddc TP 0,06%, ngudi Idn bj mac ngp dpe TP nhieu han tre em, ty le ehet do ngp ddc TP la 5,3%. Nguyen nhan gay ngd ddc TP do vi sinh vat 41%, hoa chat bao ve thuc vat la 30%, TP chia ddc td ty nhiSn (nim doe, tring ede... ) la 22,6%, rau qua rimg dpe 2%, ehua ro nguyen nhan la 4,2%. Hoan canh xay ra ngd doe ehu yeu la btta an gia dinh 58%, xay ra btta an ddng ngudi 24%i. Cae vy ngp dpe TP xay ra quanh nam nhung cao diim nhit la cac thang 4, 5, 6, 7. Sd ngudi bj ngp dde TP cd lien quan din vifc s i dung TP khdng dam bae VSATTP la 67%, diiu kign ve sinh mdi trudng, nha bSp la 20% [51].
Tai Nam Djnh, Hoang Tiin Cudng (2003), nghien cim tinh hinh ngd ddc TP t i nam 2000-2002 cho thiy: da xay ra 37 vy ngp dpe TP vdi si mic 524 ngudi, t i vong 6, ngoai ra ghi nhan 745 ea ngd dpe le te. Nguyen nhan cia cac vy ngd ddc TP: vi sinh vat 45,9%, yiu td hoa hpc la 5,4%, TP cd ehia chat dde tu nhien la 27%, khdng rd nguySn nhan la 21,2%>. Hoan canh xay ra ngd ddc TP chi ySu xay ra tai btta an gia dhih 35,1%, btta an ddng ngudi chiim 27%, btta an tap thi 8,1%, an hang rong 2,7%. Thdi gian xay ra ngd dpe TP chi yiu la mia he thang 4-6 chiim 45 sd vy, dja ban ndng tiidn xay ra chi yiu, teong dd chi yiu ggp tgi cac huyfn ven biin. Ket qua xet nghiem do vi khuln Salmonella chiim 55% sd miu xet nghifm [18].
16
Theo Nguyin Sy Hao (2003), tinh hinh ngd ddc TP tai thanh phd Hd Chi Minh (1995-2002) la 105 vu vdi 4.237 ngudi mic, t i vong 4, trong 105 vu ngp ddc TP cd 54 vu xay ra tgi bip an tap thi (51%), ngp ddc tai hd gia dinh chiim 33%. Nguyen nhan ngd ddc TP chi yiu do vi sinh vat 60,37%, hoa chit dpe (hoa chit bao vf thuc vat) 20,7%o, eae nguyen nhan khac: do ca ndc 3,7%, dj ing 4,7%, tring cdc mdt vu 0,9%, khdng rd nguyen nhan khoang 6%i. Khao sat T A D P cung cho thiy ty If miu khdng dat chi tiSu vi sinh vat rit cao 88%), khdng dat chi tieu ly hoa 31% [40].
Bao cao tinh hinh ngp ddc tgi Tiin Giang (2005) cho biit t i nam 2000-2004 xay ra 69 vy ngp dpe TP, 784 ngudi mle va t i vong 6. Cac vu ngd dpe cd chiiu hudng gia tang qua cae nam. NguySn nhan ngf dpe TP do vi sinh vat 57,97%, hoa chit 15,94%, TP ddc 24,63%), khdng ro nguyen nhan l,44%i. Hoan ednh xdy ra ngp doc TP cao nhit la btta an gia dinh 72,46%, btta an ddng ngudi (tiee cudi 17,39%), dam gid 5,79%), bip an tap thi 1,44%, T A D P 1,44% [55].
Theo bao cao cia Le Minh Uy (2005) trong thdi gian ngin 6-29/3/2005 tai An Giang xay ra lien tiip 11 ea ngd dde, tu vong 10, nguyin nhan do ruou cd ham lupng methanol vupt qia tieu chuIn cho phSp. Khi kiim tea 310 miu rapu ed tdi 97,9%i miu khong dgt tieu ehuin Vift Nam 5013-89 va tieu chuIn rupu theo quy dinh 867/1998/BYT [47].
Bao cao tinh hinh ngp dpe tai Binh ThuSn ghi nhan: xay ra 60 vu ngd ddc TP (2000-2004) sd mac 376 ngudi, t i vong 21. Nguyen nhan do vi sinh vat 24,2%o, chit hoa hpc va hda chat bao ve thye vat 0,02%., ngp dpe khac (khdng ro nguyen nhan) 0,2%, hoa chit ddc tu nhiSn (TP bien: ca ndc, mye bgch mdc, cua la): 52,65% [1].
Nhan xet 173 tradng hop ngd ddc TP tai Khanh Hoa (2005), Nguyin Van Hai cho biet: teong 27 vu ngd dde TP xay ra t i nam 2001-2004 thi cd tdi 22 vy xay ra tai gia dinh (81,48%), vdi sd mac la 109 ngudi chiSm ty If 63%, t i vong 4 ngudi, ngd ddc TP do an hang rong (11,11%). NguySn nhan ngp dpe TP do vi khuln 37%, ddc td tu nhien 40% (ca ndc, nim dai, mim khoai lay, sin ddc, bach mdc dam xanh), khong xac djnh nguyen nhan la 9%, ntt mic ngd ddc TP (35,26%i) cao ban nam (27,74%i), ngp ddc xay ra cao nhat d Iia mdi 16-60. Phan chia ngd ddc TP theo khu vye dja ly cho thiy: miin nii 51,84%, ndng thdn 23,5%, thanh thj 16,76%, ven biin 8,67% [41].
Khi phan tich cac mdi nguy gay ngd ddc TP va cae bfnh trayin qua TP tgi bip an tap the. Tran Van Ky (2005), nhan dinh cd 3 nguy co cd the xay ra tai cac bep an tap the la: Ngudi tham gia che biSn TP khdng thuc hifn ding, du cac quy dinh hudng dan VSATTP (mac d i da hiSu biet cac quy djnh nay), ngudi true tiep che biSn kinh doanh TP khong hiiu biit v i VSATTP nSn vd tinh gay cae nguy ca, eae co quan chic nang chua thong tin kjp thdi cac nguy ea ngoai tim hiiu biit cia ngudi chi bien va cac nguy CO khach quan khac ngoai tim kiim soat cia ngudi che bien [47].
Theo cue ATVSTP, trong thang hanh ddng vi chit lupng VSATTP nam 2006, ca nude da xay ra 22 vy ngd dde "TP vdi sd mac 534 ngudi, t i vong 14, nguyen nhan ngp doc do vi sinh vat la 31,8%, hoa chat 22,7%, TP cd doc to tu nhiSn 18,2% va khdng xac djnh dupe nguyen nhan la 27,3%i.
Ngay 30-11- 2008, Sd Y t i tinh 'Vinh Long cho biit, qua kiim tra tdng si 214 bip an tap thi tren dia ban tinh, chi cd 141 bSp an dat ySu eau va 73 bSp an khdng dam bao cac diiu kign vf sinh, khong thue hifn kham sic khde, nhan vien khdng mac trang phyc chuySn dung va khdng thuc Men luu miu TP theo ding quy dinh [37].
Qua thdng tin t i Trung tam Y t i du phdng tinh Ben Tre ve ket qua thanh tea dot 1 nam 2007, ttong sd 8 tradng tiiu hpc dupe thanh tra thi cd din 6 tradng khdng dat ve VSATTP hoac vf sinh dinh dudng TP. Trong 57 tradng, nhdm tre, Idp mim non thi sd
trudng dgt ca 2 tieii ehuin chi dim trSn diu ngdn tay. Vi pham thudng la nha vf sinh dat gan khu ehS biin thuc an; giao viSn, can bp khdng kiim tra s ic khde djnh ky theo quy djnh; bep an dinh dirdng xay ehua ding quy each (mot chiiu), dyng cy ehi biin cdn ehung cha gitta TP sdng va chin; phdng an Im thip, chat chdi, mdi nhang.. .[57].
KSt qua thanh tta eua Sd Y t i Ha Npi eho thiy, gin mdt nia sd bip an tap thi d eae trudng tieu hpc ban tri chua dat tieu chuin vi vf sinh TP. CJ cac trudng trung hpc co sd ban tru v i cae ea quan xi nghifp, ty If nay lin lupt la 40%) va 30%o I Ui I Nhu vay, dam bao chat lupng VSATTP tai cac bip an tap thi dang la vin di hire xic d tat ca cac tinh, thanh ttong ca nude. Di giai quyit d n cd nhiiu giai phap vdi sy Iham gia cia nhieu cap chinh quySn trong dd quan tepng nhit vln la ngudi lam tai cac bip an tap thi phai cd kiin thic ding vi VSATTP, phai chuyin t i kiin thie dung dd thanh hanh vi ding thi edn^ tac dam bao VSATTP tgi eae bip an tap thi mdi eai thifn dupe.
Theo sd lieu thong kS cia cyc ATVSTP, tinh hinh ngd ddc TP d nude ta t i nam 2000-2009 nhu sau:
Bing 1.5. Tinh hinh ngg dge TP it Vift Nam tir nam 2000-2009
Nam 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Tong cgng
So vg 213 245 218 179 145 141 139 248 205 152 1.885
So mac 4.233 3.901 4.233 5.437 3.584 4.291 5.564 7329 7.828 5.212
7.373.283
So chit 59 63 71 35 41 50 49 55 61 35 519
Bang 1.6. NguySn nhan gay ngo doc TP 6* Viet Nam
Nam
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
11/2006 2007 2008 2009
Nguyen nhan gay ngg doc TP (%) Vi sinh vat
32.8 37.4 42.2 49.2 55.86 51.8 38.1 36.3 7.8 40.8
Hoa chat
17.4 17.2 25.2 19.3 13.1 9.9 11.5 7.7 0.5 2.6
TP CO chat doc tu-nhiSn khac
24.9 32.6 25.2 21.4 22.76 25.5 23.7 27 25.4 27
Chira ro nguyen nhSn
24.9 12.8 7.4 lO.I 8.28 12.8 26.7 29 66.3 29.6
Khu VUC miin trung hing nam cd tren 100.000 ca nhiem tring dudng tieu hoa, t i nam 2002-2009 ed 433 vy ngd ddc TP xay ra vdi 3.499.172 ngudi mle va tu vong 61 ea (bang 1.7) [2], [21], [22].
Bang 1.7. Tinh hinh ngg dge TP d mien Trung (2002-2009)
Nam 2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Tong egng
Sovu
84 62 48 43 38 46 60 52 •
433
So mic
808 501 446 460 1.281
1.579
1.312
1.280
3.499.172
So ehet
21 10 4 6 6 7 4 3 61
Tgi Quang Nam, theo bao cao cia Trang tam Y te Du Phdng tinh, trong 4 nam (2006 - 2009), tinh hinh ngd dde TP nhu sau:
Biing 1.8. Tinh hinh ngg dge TP d Quang Nam (2006-2009)
Nam 2006
2007
2008
2009
Tong cgng
Sovu
7 2 3 3 15
So mac
378 37 39 43 497
SS ehSt
0 0 0 0 0
Tuy nliiSn, sd thdng ke ve ngd ddc TP cdn it ban rat nhieu so vdi thye te. Theo edng bd eua Td chic Y t i thi gidi ("WHO) vi tinh hinh ngd ddc TP tai Vift Nam trang bmh mdt nam cd 8.000 ngudi ngd dde TP. Tuy nhien sd ngudi dupe thdng kS, phat hifn, bang l%i sd ngudi ngd ddc TP trSn thye ti. Vi vay, di cd sd liSu tin cay phan aiih tinh hmh ngp ddc xay ra hang nam, cung eip cho cac nha hoach djnh ehinh sach qude gia, vigc xay dung mdt hg thdng giam sat ngd ddc TP theo chuan muc qude t i dang la ySu d u cip bach d nude ta [32], [33].
1.2.2. M5t so van d i vS TADP
T A D P hifn dang ddng vai ttd rat quan trpng ttong ddi sdng, sinh boat eua cdng ddng. Tuy nhiSn, vdi thye trgng trSn thi ching cung dang tiSm In nhieu nguy co de dpa din s ic khde va gay nSn eae vy ngp df c. Nam 2002 da cd 83 vy ngp dpe TP do T A D P dupe bao eao, cd nhiiu vy si ngudi mic len din hang ttam ngudi nhu d Ddng Nai, Hal Phdng, Thanh Hda... [42]
Theo thdng ke chua diy du eua Bd Y t i t i nam 1999 den nam 2004, ca nude ed 1.386 vu ngd ddc TP, trong dd cd tdi 1.056 vy ngo ddc la do T A D P va bip an tap thi
gay ra. NguySn nhan cia tinh ttang tten, trudc hit la do nhiiu dja phuong chua thuc su quan tam din cdng tae bao dam vf sinh, an toan T A D P , ehua cd quy hoach eho loai hinh djeh vy nay; cdng tac thdng tm, giao dye, tenyin thdng chua dupe diy manh. Ngudi budn ban va ngudi tiiu ding cdn thiSu kiin thic ve VSATTP; sy phdi hpp liSn nganh ehua ddng bO; edng tac thanh tta, kiim tta chua thudng xuySn va vifc x i Iy cac
19
hanh vi vi pham ehua nghiem; chua huy ddng dupe su tham gia cia cae td chic xa hdi vao cdng tac giam sat ve sinh, an toan T A D P [7].
Cung vdi su dd thj hda va cdng nghiep hda, T A D P la mdt logi hinh djeh vy phat ttiSn rat nhanh d cac nude phat triin, T A D P thudng da dang, cd thS che bien san. mua d nai khac ve ban hoac cd phuong tien ehi biin tgi ehd. d nude ta, tinh teang d nhiim TADP da gay ra nhiSu vy ngf dpe TP dang tiee va thudng chiim t i 10 den 20% sd vu ngp dde TP xay ra mdi nam. Day la van dS dupe du luan xa hpi quan tam.
Thdng ke cia cyc An toan vf sinh TP trong bao cao tdng kit 3 nam dam bao ve sinh an toan T A D P cho thay, nguyen nhan ngp dpe dp mdt sd yiu t i chi ySu sau:
- Mua TP tiy tien, khong rd xuit xi : 88% - Nude da s i dyng eho djeh vy T A D P cd nhilm E.coli: 35.6%o d cac co sd ndi
thanh va 64,7% d cac ca sd ngoai thanh - Khdng dam bao VSATTP ttong qua trinh chi biin 49,1 - 91,6% - van ehuyin, bao quan khdng bao dam ATVS: 85.9 -99,2% - Noi ban hang, ttang thiit bj va dyng cy nau nudng khdng dam bao vS sinh: 37-
88% - Ngudi kinh doanh, chS bien TP khdng chip hanh cac qui dinh VSATTP 43,8 -
88% Theo dng Trin Dang, Cyc trudng Cyc An toan vf sinh TP, qua dieu tra moi day
cia Bd Y te vi T A D P tai 11 dja phuang cho thay, hau het ban tay cia ngudi kinh doanh, che biSn T A D P deu bj nhilm vi khuln E.coli nhu Ha Ndi la 43,42%, TPHCM 67,5%, Da Ning 70,7% .
Nguy hiim hon, cae TP, thic an cho du da dupe nau chin nhung qua kiim tra van phat hifn ra tihiSu vi khuan gay bfnh nguy hai. Tai Nam Djnh, 100% mau cac logi gid, cha, nem ehua, Idng heo chin cd vi khuan E.coli, cdn tai TPHCM la 90%i bj nhiim E.Coli; ngoai ra mat hang kem ban tgi cac cdng tradng hpc d day cing nhiem tdi 96% cd vi khuan gay benh tiSu hda.
Nguyen Thj HiSn va cac cdng sir ttong nghiSn ciu "Tinh hinh d nhiSm vi khuan va nhan thic VSATTP d ngudi kinh doanh T A D P " , cho thay 46,7%> chi yeu do nhilm Conforms. TP d nhiem cao: Pate, thjt him khdi, banh phu the, kem, xic xich, thjt quay. Ngudi kinh doanh TP cd nhan thic tdt vS VSATTP, nhung mpt sd hanh vi thieu ve sinh ttong lie ban thic an ehi biin sSn vln edn phd bien [39].
Chfaih tim quan ttong cia TADP ddi vdi sic khdc edng ding ma nam 2003, thang hanh ddng vi ehlt lupng VSATTP dupe td chic trin tean qude vdi chi de " T A D P va ddi sing van hda - sue khde" nham nang eao nhan thic, teach nhiem cac cap chinh quyin, cae nganh va toan thi xa hpi vi vigc diy manh cdng tac bao dam VSATTP •TADP. Di dam bao an toan ve sinh TP T A D P , trude hit mdi ngudi chu kinh doanh T A D P phai y thic duge ttach nhiem cia minh vdi sic khde edng ddng di diiu chinh hanh vi va thay ddi diiu kiSn kinh doanh sao eho dat ySu cau vf sinh. Cae cap chinh quyin, djc bift la xa, phudng phai la ngudi ehu tri, y t i eae cap tham mtm thgt tit cho chinh quyin di huy ddng ddng dao lyc lupng xS hdi tham gia ed hieu qua eae heat ddng bao dam VSATTP tren dja ban minh. Can day manh cdng tac truyen thong giao due di nang cao nhan thic cia cdng ding vi edng tac nay, mdi ngudi phai tu bao ve minh trude eae nguy co ddi vdi sic khde, ehi s i dyng cac thic an khi biit chic la an toan, quan sat ky trade khi budc vao quan an, kien quyit khdng an d nhimg ca sd khdng dam bao vf sinh va diu ttanh vdi nhiing sai ttai ttong vifc bao dam VSATTP.
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1.2.3. Nhfl-ng hilu biit cua cgng dong vl VSATTP
1.2.3.1. Trin thi gi&i
Nhieu edng ttinh nghien ciu tai mdt sd nude khi tim hiiu thai dp, kien thuc, hanh vi v i VSATTP.
Tureoni G va cpng su (cs) khao sat tai 'Y vao nam 2008 vi kiin thic, thdi quen, hanh vi ail udng cia 132 hpc sinh nam, tuii 15.4 +/- 0.7, nhan thiy chi 37% cd thdi quen an udng ding, 18.5%) cd ldi sdng tich cue, chi 8.6%i cd kiin thuc dinh duong tit, chi 2.4%) cd kiin thic an toan TP ding, mSc diu cd tdi 43.7%) thye hanh vf sinh tit. Cac nha nghiSn ciu cho ring kit qua nghien ciu nay phai dupe xem x6t di hoan Ihifn nhtmg chuang trinh dinh dudng chi tiet nham cai thien nhan thic cia thanh thiiu nien di cd mdt Idi sdng lanh manh [72].
Howells AD va cs tiSn hanh nghien ciu tai Mp nJm 2008 danh gia nhan thie cia 159 nhan viSn nha hang vi nhttng rio ein ddi vdi vifc thuc hifn day di 3 thuc hanh an toan TP la r ia tay, s i dung nhift ki va lain sach be mat noi lam vifc. Nhttng rao can da dupe xac djnh la: thieu khdng gian, nhttng cdng vifc khac da chiem mat thdi gian chii sgch noi lam vifc, vj tri bat tifn cua nhttng bdn chau va lam khd da sau khi r ia tay, thiSu nhiet ke, khdng cd dpng cp thye hifn, ngudi quan iy khdng theo doi lifu nhan viSn cia minh cd thue hifn khong.Nhttng kSt qua nay se dupe s i dung de phat teiin nhung can thifp nham khac phyc nhiing rac can trSn. Nhan thie vi nhung rao can ed thi hd tro chuySn vien TP va dinh dudng ttong vifc giip do nhan vien nha hang vupt qua nhiing rao can, va cudi cing cai thifn vifc tuan thi thuc hanh an loan TP[65].
Clayton DA va cs nghien eiru tai Anh nam 2008 vS nhung yeu td anh hudng dSn thuc hanh vf sinh ban tay eua 115 nhan vien TP tu 29 nha hang khach san bang each quan sat nhimg hoat dpng che bien TP cia hp, sau dd, ddi tupng phai hoan thanh mdt quy teinh vf sinh ban tay. Kit qua, cd 34%> thye hanh vf sinh ban tay sai (p<0.05). Nghien ciru da xac djnh dupe 5 ySu td du doan thye hanh vf sinh ban tay sai la: thai dp, tiSu chuan chi quan, tiSu chuan md ta, sy chi y vi kiem soat hanh ddng. KSt qua nay ching minh khdng the cai thifn thue hanh vf sinh ban tay chi thdng qua vifc cung d p thdng tin cho ddi tupng. Chuong trinh can thifp hieu qua can tap trung vao vifc thay doi van hda an toan TP cd to chic [63].
Roseman M va cs phan tich nhiing dtt lifu cia co quan quan ly thudc va TP cia My (FDA) tu cudc khao sat 728 ngudi tieu ding d Kentucky ve cac van de: su tin mdng vao su an loan cia TP cung cip, nhgn thic ve nguy co bi bfnh do TP, nhan thic vi nai ma nhiing vln dS an toan TP cd the xay ra nhat. KSt qua, cd sy khac nhau cd y nghia vi nhto thic va hanh vi an toan TP gitta 2 gidi, mic tudi, thu nhap, teinh dp van hda va nghi nghiep. Cd mdi lien quan cd y nghia gitta nhan thic va hanh vi. Nhin chung, ngudi cd nhan thic cao hon se cd hanh vi an toan TP tdt hon. Cd the noi. mpt sy hiiu biit t i t hon vi nhto thic va hanh vi an toan TP cia ngudi tiSu dimg se giip ching ta cd mpt chuang teinh giao due an toan TP hieu qua [70].
Garayoa R, va cs nghiSn ciu mdi liSn quan gitta kiSn thic an toan TP vdi hanh vi cia 562 sinh viSn tai Tay Ban Nha (ehi yiu din t i eae bd mdn khoa hpc sic khde) nhgn thiy ed hon 2/3 s6 sinh viSn cd kiin thie dung ye 8 bfnh nguyen dudng TP theo nhu yeu ciu, nhung chi cd 5,2% cd thi nhan biit tu d u vang la nguySn nhan gay bfnh. Cd su khac bift cd y nghia gitta mic dd kiin thic sic khde dupe hpc vdi ket qua tea ldi. Ddi vdi s i dyng TP, ed tdi 60%i cd kiin thic ding vS che bien, bao quan TP thich hop, r ia tay va vat dyng di ttanh nhilm khuln cheo. Tuy nhiSn, ngoai tei nhttng cau
21
hdi liSn quan den nhift dp bao quan, thi dSu ed sy khac biet dang ke gitta kien thic \a hanh vi. Mac dau cd 98,6%i so sinh vien thia nhan tim quan trpng cia r ia tay trade va teong khi chi biSn thic an, nhtmg chi 24,4% xac nhgn da ria tay vdi nude va xa phdng. Vdi nhung eau hdi lien quan din thye hanh, sinh viSn Idp tren tra Idi chinh xac hon sinh viSn Idp dudi. Nhin chung, sinh vien cd kiin thic tdt ban se cd thye hanh tdt hon. Nhung ket qua nay xac nhan sy cin thiit phai cai tiin chuang trinh giao dye [66].
Ngudi ban thic an ddng mpt vai trd quan trpng trong vifc bao dam an toan TP bat dau t i khau san xuat, gia edng, bao quan va chS biSn. Vi vay, neu ngudi ban thic an cd nhan thic va hanh vi vf sinh kem se la nguyen nhan dan dSn bfnh do TP. Okojie OH va cs thye hien mdt eupe khao sat vS nhan thic va hanh vi cia nhttng ngudi ban thic an hogt dpng d khu vue tradng dai hpc Nigeria. Kit qua, 90/102 ngudi (88,2%) tham gia tea Idi la phu ntt, hp ed kiin thie vf sinh TP rit kSm. Chi cd 15 ngudi (14,7%)) thye hifn bao quan va ham ndng thie an thia; tan suat rua tay rat thap. Tinh ttang vf sinh ca nhan cia hp d muc thip. Chi 31 (30,4%i) ngudi da dupe kiim tra sic khde trade khi hanh nghe, va chi 49 (48%)) ngudi ed gily chimg nhan da tham gia Idp giao due sic khde [63].
Trong gia dinh, ky nang chuan bj TP kSin cd thS la nguySn nhan gay viSm da day-rapt. Mitakakis TZ va cs (2004) khac sdt thanh vien ngudi Idn cia hen 1000 hd gia dinh d Melbourne, Australia nhan thiy gin nhu mpi gia dinh diu cd khiSm khuySt theo mdt each nao dd lam cho TP dS bj nhilm khuln. Tong quat, 99%i ngudi dupe phdng vin ed sai sdt ttong ehuin bj TP, ttong dd, 46,6%) khdng nia tay ding, 41,7% x i ly thie an sdng khong tdt, va 70,l%i x i ly thic an da niu chin khdng tit [68].
Bermidez-Milian A va cpng su khao sat kien thuc, thai dp, hanh vi an toan TP cia nhiing ngudi cd ngudn gie Latinh tai My lam edng vifc cham soc tre nhan thay: mac dau 97% ngudi dupe phdng van chp rang hp da r ia tay vdi nude va xa phdng, nhung quan sat thye tS chi cd 1/10 ngudi lam vifc dd; 89%) qua quySt hp da ria mat ban bSp bang nude va xa phdng, nhung thuc te con sd nay la 60%); 5% cho rang hp biet y nghia cia nhiSm khuln chee, nhtmg lai cd dSn 71%) ding chung mdt mat ban bip eho ca thjt va rau qua. Nhttng ngudi gitt tre chuySn nghifp va ngudi ed mie giao dye eao ban cd kiSn thie, thai dp va hanh vi tot hon. KSt qua cia nghien ciru nay chirng minh sy cin thiit phai cd mdt chuang trinh giao dye an loan TP thich hop eho cdng dong nay [62].
Ngudi ban TP ddng mpt vai ttd quan trpng ttong vifc bao dam an toan TP thdng qua chudi qua ttinh san xuat, gia cong, dy trtt, chS biSn. Zain MM, Naing NN phdng vin 430 ngudi ban TP d quto Kota Bhara (Malaysia, 2002); mdi trang binh la 42±12, 69.5% la phy ntt, 81.4% da lap gia dinh, 64,2% lam viec d quiy ban, 54.2% khdng cd gily phep, 10.5%) khdng dupe di hpc, 31.9%o cd bing tiSu hpc, 57% cd bang trung hpc, 57.2%) khdng cd gily ching nhan da tham gia chuang trinh tap huan, 61.9% dupe kham sic khde thudng quy, 48.4%i ed kiin thuc kem vS an toan TP. Phan tich cho thiy teinh dp giao dye, tinh ttgng nghi nghifp cia ngudi ban hang anh hudng cd y nghia din mic dp kiin thic an toan TP (p=0.003 va 0.0031, lin lupt). Khdng cd su khac biit cd y nghia vi thai dp va hanh vi gitta ngudi dupe tgp huan va khdng tap huan
[69]-Ban T A D P dang thjnh hanh d eae nude dang phat ttiSn, nhung tinh an toan TP
cia nd bj nghi ngd. Mdt phuong phap phd biin di theo ddi thi tradng nay la kham sic khde cho ngudi ban hang. Musa 01, Akande TM tgi Nigeria, thue hiin mdt nghiSn eiu 185 ngudi ban hang d 58 tiirdng trang hpc bing bang cau hdi va checklist, nhan
22
thiy 76.2% dupe kham sic khde trade khi hanh nghi, va 21.3% kham sic khoe dinh ky [67].
1.2.3.2. Tgi Viet Nam
Nhgn thic va thye hanh ve an toan ve sinh TP cia cac nhdm ddi tugng d nude ta cdn rat ban chS, kit qua nghien eiu nam 2006 cho thay sd ngudi cd nhan thic ding ve an toan vf sinh TP cia ngudi quan ly, lanh dgo an loan vf sinh TP tuyin huyfn mdi dat 82%), tuyen xa 40%), tnmg binh cpng ca hai tuySn chua nhgn thue ding vS VSATTP 39%>; edn ddi vdi ngudi san xuit, ehi biin TP cd 52.2%) ngudi cdn thiiu kiin thic vi VSATTP, ngudi kinh doanh TP la 61.4% va ngudi tiSu ding thiiu kiin thic chiim ty If 61.7%) [37]. Nhu vay, vin di nhan thic vi bao dam chit lupng VSATTP cia ngudi Vift Nam cin dupe quan tam.
Bang 1.9. Kit qua xdt nghifm ban tay ngu'di \km dich vu TP tai mgt sd tinh
TT 1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Dia phirong Ha Npi
Tp Hd Chi Minh Nam Dinh Hai Duong Thai Binh Thanh Hoa Hui Phi Tho Bmh Duong Long An Da Nang
Ty Ig nhilm E.coli (%) - TADP: 43,42 - Khach san, nha hang: 62,5 - Bip an tap thi: 40,0
67,5 31,8 64,7 92,0 66,6 37,0 19,3 56,5 60,0 70,7
Kit qua tten cho thay cd ty If ban tay nhilm E.coli (nhiem ban) cdn rat cao d ngudi ehi biin va kinh doanh TP. Diiu nay dang lo ngai hon khi kit qua nghien ciu ty If bdc thic an bing tay edn rit cao 67,3%); ty If khdng r ia tay la 46,l%i; ty IS mdng tay dai la 22,5%); ty if nhd nude bpt, xi mui la 26,7%); van hpa den trang hpc co sd la 64,6%; t i ndng thdn l i 57,8%; khdng deo khiu ttang la 95,3% [25].
1.2.3.3. Tgi linh QuingNam
Cho din nay, cae co quan chuyen mon vS an toan vf sinh TP eua tinh chua cd cdng trinh nghien c iu quy md ve nhan thic cia can bp lanh dgo ciing nhu cae doi tupng san xuit, kinh doanh TP va ngudi tieu ding. Tuy nhiSn, qua qua trinh triin khai hogt ddng, giam sat va dua ttSn bao cao cia cac co quan chuySn mon tai cac dja phuang va cpng ddng eho thiy vln df nhan thie cia can bp va nhan dan ttong cdng ddng ndi chimg cdn d mic thap.
2. MUC Tifiu, D 6 I TlTOfNG, N p i DUNG, PHlTONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ
2.1. MUC TIEU NGHIEN CUtJ 1. Danh gia thye trgng kiin thic, thai do, hanh vi vi VSATTP cua ngudi dan tai
tinh Quang Nam.
2. De xuat mdt sd giai phap can thifp nhim nang cao nhan thuc cua ngudi dan vi
VSATTP.
2.2. D 6 I TirOfNG NGHIEN CtTU + Cac nha lanh dao cac cap chinh quyen t i huyen, xa, thdn;
-I- Ngudi san xuit; chi biin TP, ngudi lam tgi cdc bip an tap thi;
-I- Ngudi kinh doanh TP; ngudi ban hing rong;
+ Ngudi tieu ding.
Dang sdng d 1 s i dja phuong tinh Quang Nam.
2.3. N Q I DUNG NGHIEN CUtJ
DS dat dupe 2 mue tieu di ra, chung tdi tien hanh nghien cuu cac npi dung sau:
2.3.1. Tim hieu sir hieu bilt kien th ic ve an toan ve sinh TP va each quan ly VSA'TTP cua cae d p ehinh quyen, ban nganh, doan thl vdi cong tac VSATTP
DS thuc hien ndi dung nay, ching tdi thanh lap 1 nhdm nghien ciu khoang 6 - 1 0 ngudi tham gia vdi eae hogt ddng eu thi sau:
DiSu tra thuc dia tgi 4 huyfn dupe chpn gdm: -I- Lam vifc trade vdi timg huyfn di xay dung kS hogch diSu tta. -I- Phdng vln sau 355 can bd lanh dgo cae d p chinh quySn t i huyen, xa, thdn theo
miu (phu lyc 1). Tdng hpp sd lieu. Phan tich danh gia kSt qua, viet bao cao va du kiSn cac giai phap can thiep. Td chic hpi thao lay y kiSn gdp y cac giai phap. Viit bao eao ehinh thuc va xay dung giai phap can thiep
Day la npi dung mdi, chua cd tac gia nae nghiSn eiu, dii tupng dupe diSu tra la can bp cae ban, nganh, doan thi tai co sd, do vay cd nhieu kha nang khd tiep can v i lip ban nhiSu cdng viec, thdi gian diSu tta cd thS keo dai han dy kiSn. Chinh vi vay phai cd mdi quan hf tdt vdi dja phuong, ed kS hoach that chi tiet va kha thi mdi cd the thuc hien dupe.
2.3.2. Danh gia thye trgng kiln thirc, thai dg, hanh vi vl VSATTP eua nguoi kinh doanh TP
Di thuc hifn ndi dimg nay, ehung tdi thanh lap 1 nhdm nghien ciu khoang 6 - 1 0 ngudi tham gia vdi cae boat ddng cy thS sau:
- Diiu tra thue dja tai 4 huyfn dupe chpn gim: -1- Lam viec trade vdi ting huyfn dS xay dyng kS hoach diSu tra, chpn ddi mong
diSu tea -I- Phdng vln sdu, kit hop quan sat thye te khpang 170 ngudi lam tai cac co sd ban
TP theo miu (phu lyc 2).
24
Tdng hop sd lifu. Phan tieh danh gia ket qua, viit bao eao va du kiin cac giai phap can thiep. To chic hdi thao lay y kiSn gdp y cac giai phap.
- Viet bao cao chinh thic va xdy dung giai phap can thifp
Day la ndi dung mdi, chua cd tac gia ndo nghien ciu, ddi topng dupe diiu tra la nhan vien tai cae ea sd kinh doanh TP, do vay vifc thu thap thdng tin se khd khan bdi hp it mudn tta Idi hoac tra Idi khdng chinh xdc (dnh hudng din cdng vifc kinh doanh).
DS khac phyc van de nay can: phdi hap vdi dpi kiem tra liSn nganh cua sd y ti di thye hifn; can bp diiu tra phai kheo ISo, mem mdng trong khi hdi, kit hpp vdi quan sal thuc ti.
2.3.3. Danh gii nhirng hilu bilt vl chat lupng VSATTP cua ngudi ban rong. Di thye hifn ndi dung nay, ching tdi thanh lap 1 nhdm nghiSn cim khoang 6 -10
ngudi tham gia vdi cac hogt ddng cy thi sau: Dieu tta thye dja tgi 4 huyfn dupe chpn gdm:
-I- Lam vifc trade vdi timg huyfn di xay dyng ki hoach diiu tra, chpn ddi topng diiu tta.
-I- Phdng vin sau, kSt hpp quan sat thye t i khoang 170 ngudi ban rong theo miu (phy lue 4).
Tdng hop ket qua. Phan tich danh gia ket qua, viet bao cao va du kien cac giai phap can Ihicp, Td chic hpi thao lay y kiSn gdp y cac giai phap. Viet bao cao chinh thic va xay dyng giai phap can thifp
Trd ngai nhat cia ndi dung nay la trong qua trinh diSu tra ddi lupng il hop lac vi hg dang ban hang it cd thdi gian tea ldi, hp e ngai tta Idi se anh hudng den ban hang va thu nhap cia ban than, nSn hp khdng mudn tra ldi hoac tra Idi qua loa, thieu chinh xac. Chfaih vi vay ddi hdi phai ed ke hoach chpn ddi topng dS hpp tac, diSu tra vien phai cd kinh nghiem va mSm deo ttong qua trinh phdng vin.
2.3.4. Tim hieu mgt so van de ve T A D P . Di thue hifn ndi dung nay, ching tdi thanh lap 1 nhdm nghien ciu khoang 6 - 1 0
ngudi tham gia vdi cac boat dpng ey thi sau: Diiu tra thuc dia tai 4 huyen dupe chpn gom:
+ Lam viee trade vdi ting huyfn di xay dung ki hogch diiu tta, chpn ddi topng dieu tta.
+ Quan sat thuc t i khoang 170 -180 ca sd ban rong tren dudng phi theo mau (phu lyc 5).
Tdng hop kit qua; phan tich danh gia kSt qua, viet bao cao va dy kien cac giai phap can thifp; td chic hdi thao liy y kiin gdp y cac giai phap
Viit bao cao chmh thic va xay dyng giai phap can thifp v i n ik TADP dang la vln di ndng bdi thye t i nd cd nhttng thuan lpi cho ngudi
tieu ding, nhung nd cung dang la noi cd nguy ca lay benh nhiiu nhat. Vifc diSu tta ed khd khan nhit la khdng ed hop tac gitta diiu tta vien va nhttng ngudi ban hang, do vay d n kit hpp vdi dja phuang chat che mdi ed thi thuc hien dupe ndi dung de ra.
2.3.5. Tim hilu kiln thiic, thye hanh eua ngvoi san xuit che biln TP Di thye hiin ndi dung nay, ching tdi thanh Igp 1 nhdm nghien ciu khoang 6 - 1 0
ngudi tham gia vdi eae hogt ddng cu the sau: Diiu tta thuc dia tgi 4 huyfn dupe chpn gdm:
_ -I- Lam viec trudc vdi ttmg huyen. di xay dyng ki hoach diiu tra, chpn ddi tupng diiu tta
+ Phdng van sau, kit hpp quan sat thye t i khoang 170 ngudi lam tai cac ca sd san xuit TP theo miu (phy lye 6).
Tdng hpp sd lifu, phan tich danh gia kit qua, viit bao cao va dy kiin cac giai phap can thifp.
Td chic hOi thao liy y kiSn gdp y cac giai phap. Viet bao cao ehinh thic va xay dyng giai phap can thifp
Day la npi dung mdi, chua ed tac gia nao nghien eira, ddi topng dupe diiu tra la nhan yiSn tgi cae co sd san xuit TP, do vay viec thu thap thdng tin se khd khan bdi hp it tnudn tta ldi hoac tra ldi khdng chinh xac (anh hudng din cdng viec kinh doanh). De khac phyc van dS nay cin: phdi hpp vdi dpi kiim tta liSn nganh cia sd y ti di thye hien; can bp diiu tta phai khSo ISo, mim mdng teong khi hdi, kit hop vdi quan sat thye ti.
2.3.6. Dinh gia thye trgng vin dl dim bao VSATTP tai blp an tap thl
DS thye hifn nfi dung nay, ching tdi thanh lap 1 nhdm nghiSn ciu khoang 6-10 ngudi tham gia vdi cac boat dfng cy thi sau:
Dieu tea thye dja tai 4 huyfn dupe chpn gdm: Lam viee trade vdi timg huyfn di xay dyng kS hogch dieu tea, chpn ddi tupng diiu tea; quan sat thuc te cac bip an theo miu (phy lyc 7).
TSng hop kSt qua; Phan tieh danh gia ket qua; ViSt bao cao va dy kiin cac giai phap can thiep; td chic hpi thao lay y kien gdp
y cac giai phap
2.3.7. Tim hilu thai dg, kiln th ie eua nguoi tieu dung vl VSATTP Di thuc hien ndi dimg nay, ching tdi thanh lap 1 nhdm nghiSn ciu khoang 6 - 1 0
ngudi tham gia vdi cac hogt ddng cy the sau: Diiu tea thue dja tgi 4 huyfn dupe chpn gom:
+ Lam vifc trade vdi timg huyfn di xay dyng kS hoach diSu tea, chpn ddi topng diSu tta.
+ Phdng van sau, kit hpp quan sat thuc t i khoang 355 ngudi tiSu dung tgi theo miu (phu lyc 3).
Tdng hpp kSt qua Phan tich danh gia kit qua, viit bap cap va du kiin cae giai phap can thifp. Td chic hdi thap liy y kiin gdp y cae giai phap. ViSt bao eao chinh thic va xay dung giai phap can thiep
Trd ngai nhat cia ndi dung nay la trong qua trinh diiu tra ddi topng it hop tac vi nhitng vin di te nhi ttong sinh hoat, hp khdng mudn tta ldi hoac tra Idi qua loa, thiiu chinh xac. Chinh vi v|y ddi hdi phai ed ki hogch chpn dii topng di hap tac, dieu tra vien phai cd kinh nghifm va mim deo ttong qua trinh phdng van
2.3.8. Thye trang edng tac tuyin truyin giao due s ic khde ve VSATTP tai tinh Quing Nam
Di thuc hifn ndi dung nay, ehiing tdi thanh lap I nhdm nghiSn eiu khoang 6 - 1 0 ngudi tham gia vdi cac boat dpng cu thi sau:
26
- DiSu tta thye dia tai Trung tam y t i (hoac phdng/ td TTGDSK) tai 4 huyfn duac chpn gdm:
-I- Lam vifc trade vdi timg huyfn de xay dung ki hoach, ndi dung diiu Ira + Phdng van sau kSt hop tim hiiu qua bao cao, ki hoach... cua tung don vi Iheo
mau (phy lyc 8). Tdng hop kSt qua; phan tieh danh gia kit qua, viit bao cao va dy kiin cac giai
phap can thiep; to chic hdi thao liy y kiin gdp y eae giai phap. - ViSt bao eao chinh thic va xay dyng giai phap can thifp Hoat dpng nay khdng cd ttd ngai Idn, song npi dung thu thap thdng tin nhiiu, cin
thdi gian di ttanh thiiu sdt teong qua trinh thu thap thdng tin.
2.4. PHlTONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU
2.4.1. Thiet kl nghien eiu: Phuang phap md ta vdi thiit ki cit ngang.
2.4.2. Co' mau: Cd miu dupe tinh cho nghien eiu theo cdng thic sau:
p-q
—¥-
Trong dd: n: cd miu nghiSn eiu;
Z^(i-a/2): He sd tin cay d mue xac xuit 95%i.
p: 0,3 (p d day gia djnh ia ty If ngudi dan cd kiin thic VSATTP).
q: 1-p.
d: 0,05 (Dp chinh xac mong mudn). n = 1,96^ X 0,3 X 0,7/ 0,0025 = 322 ngudi.
C9 mau dupe tinh cho nghien cin nay n = 322 ngudi, thSm 10% du phdng cac tradng hop bd cudc ta cd n = 355 ngudi X 4 huyfn/thanh phd = 1.420 ngudi.
2.4.3. Cach chgn doi tirong vao man nghien ciru: Ap dyng phuang phap phan tang d nhiSu giai doan.
Bu&c 1: Chpn huyin: lift ke danh sach cac huyen, thj xa, thanh pho cd 5 huyen ddng bang chpn 1 huyfn Nii Thanh; ed 3 huyfn trang du chpn 1 huyfn Hifp Die; ed 7 huyfn miSn nii chpn 1 huyen Nam Tra My; cd 2 dd thj chpn thanh phd Tam Ky.
Bu&c 2: Chpn xS: - Lgp danh sach cac xa thee timg ving sinh thai tgi cac huyfn dupe chpn, 30%o sd
xa ttong mdi ving sinh thai dupe chpn ty If vdi sd xa trong mdi viing. - Sd xa tai mSi ving dupe chpn nhu sau:
Bang 1.10. S6 xS dirgre chgn theo viing sinh thai
Viing sinh thai Miin nui (Nam Tri My) Miin trung du (Hiep Die) Dong bang (Nii Thanh) Thanh pho Tam Ky
Tong so
Tong so xa/phirdng 10 12 18 14 54
So xa/phirdng diroc chgn | 3 4 5 4 16
27
- each chpn xa: Lap danh sach cac xa trong mdi ving sinh thai, chpn ngau nhien mpt xa va sau dd chpn eae xa lan can trong mdi ving sinh thai cho di 16 xa bao gdm:
-I- Huyfn Nam Tra My chpn 3 xa la Tra Don, Tra Tap va Tra Nam. -I- Huyfn Hiep Die chpn 4 xa la Qui Thp, Binh Lam, Qui Binh va Tan An. + Huyfn Nii Thinh chpn 5 xa la Tam Xuan I, Tam Xuan II, Tam Hiep, Tam
TiSn va thj trin Nii Thanh. -i- Thanh phd Tam Ky chon 4 phudng la Tan Thanh, Phudc Hoa, An Xuan va An
My. Bu&c 3: Chpn ddi tupng diiu Ira cda lirng huyln/thanh phd nhu sau:
* Cdn bg lanh dgo: chon 355 ngudi gdm
- Lanh dao huyfn: Ban chi dao VSATTP, Trung tam y te huyfn, can bd quan ly thj
tradng, can bd thi y, cdng an, cin bp phy ntt huyfn, mat tran huyfn, Hdi ndng dan,
phdng giao dye, phdng van hda thdng tin, dai phat thanh phat lai cia huyfn... khoang
115 ngudi
- Lanh dgo xa: Phd chu tjch vin xa, doan thanh niSn, phy ntt, phdng van hda thdng
tin, cdng an, ttgm y te xa, mjt ttan, ban cham sde sic khde...: mdi xS: 15 ngudi X 16
xa = 240 ngudi
* Ngudi sdn xudt, che bien TP: khoang 355 ngu&i, chia lam hai nhdm:
- Nhdm san xuat, chS biSn TP tai cac co sd san xuat. che bien TP: chon ngau
nhien 1 co sd san xuat, che biSn TP theo danh sach dS bat dau dieu ira, cac co sd khac
dupe dieu tta tiSp theo la cac ca sd lien ki. Diiu tra het cac co sd nay den cac ca sd
khac cho dSn khi d i mau.
- Nhdm lam tai cae bep an tap thi: Chpn ngau nhiSn 1 bip an tap thi thee danh sach dS bat dau diiu tra, eae eo sd khac dupe diiu tta tiip theo la cac co sd liSn kS. Diiu tta hit cae eo sd nay den cac ca sd khac eho den khi d i mau
* Ngu&i kinh doanh TP khoang 355 ngu&i, chia lam hai nhdm:
- Nhdm ban hang tgi cac ca sd ban TP va djeh vu an udng: Chpn ngiu nhien I
CP sd ban TP va djeh vu an udng theo danh sach di bat dau diiu tra, cac co sd khac
duac diiu tra tiip theo la cac ca sd liin kS. Diiu tra hit cac co sd nay den cac co sd
khac eho den khi du mau . - Ngudi ban rong: Chpn ngiu nhien 1 quan ban rong theo danh sach di bit dau
diiu tra, cac quan khac dupe dieu tra tiep theo la cac co sd lien kS. Diiu tra bet cac co sd nay din cac co sd khac eho den khi d i miu.
* Ngu&i tieu dimg: chpn 360 ngudi nhu sau
Chpn ngiu nhien 1 hp thee danh sach di bit diu diiu tta, cae hd khac dupe diiu tta tiip theo la cic hd liin ki. Diiu tta hit cac hp nay dSn cae hd khac cho dSn khi d i miu (uu tien chpn ngudi ndi ttp ttong gia dinh).
* Cdn bp ldm cdng tdc TTGDSK: chpn 20 ngudi, gdm mdi huyfn 1 can bd tgi phdng TTGDSK thupc TTYT huyfn, 16 xa: mdi xa I can bO phu ttach TTGDSK thudc team y tS xa
28
2.4.4, C4e bwdc tiln hanh
- Thiit k i 8 bd cau hdi; - Sau do tiSn hanh phdng van thi va chinh sia bd cau hdi cho phi hop di thu thgp
thdng tin day du va hgn chi tii da sy sai Ifch; - Tap huan can bp tham gia dieu tra vi each hdi va each ghi vap phiiu diiu tra; - TiSn hanh thu thap dtt lifu thdng qua phdng vln true tiip; -1- Chpn can bd tham gia diiu tra la nhttng can bd y t i cd kinh nghiem trong triin
khai cdng tac y tS cpng ddng, ed tinh than nhift tinh va trach nhif m cao; -I- Phan nhdm diiu tra tgi cac xa; - Tdng hpp dtt lifu diiu tta
2.5. x C LY SO LI$U NGHIEN ClTU Sd lifu dupe thu thap va x i ly bang phuong phap thdng ke Y lipc. ung duMg
phin mim SPSS 10.0 vi Excel 2000.
2.6. KHOI LUQiNG CONG Vlf C DA H O A N THANH: trong thdi gian qua, ching tdi da thye hifn eae edng vifc nhu sau:
TT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Cae ngi dung, cong vige chii yeu
Xay dung dS cuong nghiSn ciu va thdng qua dS cuong.
Lap cac mau phieu diSu tra
Thanh lap va tap huin nhdm nghien ciu va diSu tea vien
DiSu tra cac ddi tuong da chpn va viet 8 chuyen dS.
Bao cao kSt qua thuc hien de tai. Kiem tra tiSn dd lan 1. Hpi thap danh gia thye trang cdng tac dam bao chat lugng VSATTP Hpi thap xay dyng cac giai phap nang cao nhgn thic cia ngudi dan vi VSATTP Viit bao eao de tai.
Hdi thao gdp y ket qua dS tai
Bao eao ket qua thye hifn di tai. Kiim tta tiSn dp lan 2 Nghiem thu co sd
Nghifm thu chinh thic
Thoi gian
5/2008- 1/2009
1/2009
6/2009
7-12/2009
10/2009
1 '20 H)
2/2010
3/2010
4/2010
4/2009
5/2010
5/2010
2.7. NHAN L V C : 66 can bd trye tiip tham gia dieu tta gdm: Sd y ti: 4 bac si; Trang tam y te Dy phdng tinh: 3 bac s i ; Chi cue An loan vf
sfaih tinh: 2 bac sT; Trang tam Truyen thdng Giao dye Sic khoe tinh: 3 bac si, 8 dieu tta vien; 4 huyfn/Thanh phd dupe chpn: 7 bac sT, 39 can bd y te xa/phudng.
2.8. DIEU PHOI - Bs CKI. Trinh Van Trayin - phd Giam ddc sd y ti , thanh viSn ban chi nhiem dS
tai, chiu trach nhif m chi dao toan bd nghiSn ciu. - Ths.Bs. NguySn thi LiSn - Giam die Trung tam TTGDSK ehi nhifm dS tai,
ehju ttach nhifm td ehic, ttiin khai va true tiip tham gia nghiSn eiu. - 07 thanh viSn nhdm nghiSn ciu trac tiip tham gia nghiSn ciu.
29
II. KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU VA BAN LUAN
1. DAC DIEM CHUNG
Nghien e iubao gdm 1.430 doi topng, trong do, 957 (66.9%) ntt va 473 (33.1%) nam, todi nhd nhit la 19, tudi Idn nhat la 75. Phan bd nhu sau (biiu dd 2.1):
1.1. PhSn bi theo dg tuoi va gidi tinh
PHAN BO THEO TUOI VA GlOl TINH
TY LE % 70
60
50
40
30
20
10
66.9
8.9 7.i
23.3 24.3
5.5 8.2 1.3 2.2
<20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 > 60 Chung
Bilu do 2.1. Phan bi theo d^ tuii va gidi tinh
Nhin xet:
Ddi vdi nO, nhdm todi 41-50 chiim ty If eao nhit 24.3%), tiip din la nhdm todi 31-40 (23.3%), nhdm todi 21-30 (8.9%), nhdm 51- 60 todi (8.2%), > 60 todi chi chiim ty IS 2.2%, thip nhit la nhdm < 20 mdi chi chiim 0.1%.
0 nam, toy it hon ntt nhung nhdm todi 41-50 chiim ty If cao nhit 13.2%, tiep din la nhdm todi 31- 40 (7.5%), nhdm 51- 60 todi (6.5%), nhdm todi 21-30 (4.1%).
Nhu vay, ddi topng nghiSn eiu da sd t i 31-50 tudi, chiim ty If 68.3% (bieu dd 2.1).
30
1.2. Phan bi theo dia du-
P H A N B O M A U N G H I E N CU'U T H E O D j A D U '
T Y L E % ^ j j
35
30
25
15
10 L
"in.i
" • • 1 ."
n \} 3
Tam Ky Nui IMnli 1 lii;p Due Nam I r i My
Bieu do 2.2. Phan bd mau nghien cun theo dia du
Nhan xet: Sd luong ddi topng dupe diiu tta phan bi ddng dSu d cac xa/phudng, tieu bieu
cho nhiing khu dan cu dac ttung nhu thanh phi, ddng bing ven biin, ving trung du va miin nii eao vdi ty If lln lupt la 33.3%, 30.1% ,24.5%, 12.0% (biiu dd 2.2). Diiu nay phan anh tinh chat da dang va tinh dgi dien cia quan the nghien ciru lien quan den khia canh dja du d mdt dia phuang cd dac diSm dja ly phic tap nhu tinh Quang Nam.
1.3. Phan bo theo doi tngng Bang 2.1. Phan bo man nghien ciiu theo doi tirgmg
T T
1
2
3
4
5
^ B i a diem
Noi dun^v
Can bo quan Iv Nguoi kinh doanh TF Ngudi ban TP Ngudi ban rong NgffM SXCBTP Ngudi lam tai ca sd SX,CBTP Ngudi lam tai bep an tap the Ngirci ti§li diing Can bd lam TTGDSK
Cgng
Tam Ky
n
S6
129
64
65
128
68
60
128
5
476
Tyle % 6.0
9.0
4.5
4.5
9.0
4.8
4.2
9.0
0.3
3 3 J
Nui Thanh
.. 105
105
55
50
105
55
50
110
6
431
Tyle % 73
7.3
3.8
3.5
7.3
3.8
3.5
7.7
0.4
30.1
Hiep Birc
n
90
84
44
40
84
44
40
88
5
351
Ty le %
6.3
5.9
3.1
2.8
5.9
3.1
2.8
6.2
0.3
24.5
Nam Tra IWy
n
75
30
15
15
30
15
15
33
4
172
Ty le%
5.2
2.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
2.3
0.3
12.0
Chung
n =1430
356
348
178
170
347
182
165
359
20
1430
Tyle %
24.9
24.3
12.4
11.9
24.2
12.7
11.5
25.1
1.4
100.0
Nhan xet: Ty If timg doi topng (can bd quan ly, ngudi kinh doanh TP. ngudi san xuat. che
biin TP, ngudi tiiu ding) tuong duong nhau (24.9%, 24.3%; 24.2% va 25,1%), ngoai ra cd 1.4% ngudi lam cdng tac TTGDSK tai cac tuyin (Bang 2.1). Su phan bo doi topng nay phi hpp vdi phuong phap chpn mau cia dS tai.
1.4. Trinh do hge van
Bang 2.2. Trinh df hgc van
T T
1
2
3
\ H g c van
Ngi dun^v
Ngirdi kinh doanh TP Ngudi ban TP Ngudi ban rong Ngn*i SX, CBTP Ngudi lam tai CO sd SX,CBTP Nguoi lam t^i b8p an t4p the Nguoi tieu dung
Cgng
Tieu hgc
n
45
20
25
23
15
8
37
105
Tyl f
% 4.3
1.9
2.4
2.2
1.4
0.8
3.5
10.0
Trung hgc ctysit
n
212
104
108
184
100
84
181
577
Tylf %,
20.1
9.9
10.2
17.5
9.5
8.0
17.2
54.7
Pho thong trung hgc
n
88
51
37
131
65
66
123
342
Tyle
% 8.3
4.8
3.5
12.4
6.2
6.3
11.7
32.4
> Trung cap
n
3
3
0
9
2
7
18
30
Tyl f Vo
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.9
0.2
0.7
1.7
2.8
Chung
n =1054
348
178
170
347
182
165
359
1.054
Tylg
% 33.0
16.9
16.1
32.9
17.3
15.7
34. T
too
Nhan xet: Nhdm nghiSn ciru cd trinh dp van hoa cap 2 chiem da sd (54.7%), sau do den cap
3 (32.4%), cip I chi cd 10%, thip nhit la t i trung cip ttd len (2.8%), (bang 2.2). Vdi trinh dp hpc vin niy di diiu kien tiip thu cac kien thic dim bap VSATTP.
32
1.5. Thoi gian dAm nh$n cfing viec
Bang 2.3. Thdi gian dam nhdn cong vifc
T T
1
2
^ ^ ^ T h o i gian
Nf i dung ^""^^
Ngiroi kinh doanh TP Ngudi ban TP Ngudi ban rong Ngvoi san xuat, che bien TP Ngudi lam tai ca sd SX,CBTP Ngirai lam t^i bep an tap th^ Cgng
< 1
n
32
8 24
49
17
32
81
nam Tyle
% 4.7
1.2 3.5
7
2.4
4.6
11.7
I - < 5uam
n
109
50 59
130
58
72
239
Ty lg%,
15.7
7.2 8.5
18.7
8.3
10.4
34.4
5-<10
n
84
50 34
79
49
30
163
nam
Ty If %.
12.1
7.2 4.9
11.4
7.1
4.3
23.5
> 1 0
n
123
70 53
89
58
31
212
nam
Ty If %
17.7
10.1 7.6
12.8
8.3
4.5
30.5
Chung
n = 695
348
178 170
347
182
165
595
ry 16 "A.
50.1
25.6 24.5
49.9
26.2
23.7
IUU
Nhan xet: Su liSn quan gitta kinh nghifm, ky nang va tham nien lam vifc da dupe ching
minh ttong thuc tiin, thdi gian lam vifc cang Mu thi cang nhieu kinh nghifm va cang cd ky nang tit. Trong edng tac kinh doanh, san xuit va chS bien TP ciing vay, nhung ngudi lam cang lau cang cd mdi quen biit ttong mua TP cd chit lugng va ngudn gdc rd rang, cang cd ky thuat trong kinh doanh, san xuit, chi bien TP va dge biet cflng biSt bao quan TP.
Qua nghiSn ciu ching tdi thiy thdi gian dam nhan cdng vifc cia ngudi kinh doanh TP va ngudi SX, CBTP toong duong nhau. Thdi gian lam viee eua ca hai nhdm tu 1- <5 nam chiim eao nhit (34.4%)); ki din la > 10 nam (30.5%)); nhdm cd thdi giaii to 5 - < 10 nam 23.5%) va nhdm cd thdi gian < 1 nam 11.7%o (bang 2.3), day la yiu td thuan Ipi che vifc dam bao VSATTP cua ngudi kinh doanh va SX, CBTP tgi tinh ta.
1.6. Kh^m su-c khoe djnh ky
Bang 2.4. Kham swc khoe dinh ky
T T
1
2
\ K h a m SK
Ngi d u n g X
NguM kinh doanh TP
Ngudi ban TP
Ngudi ban rong
Ngiroi san xuat, CBTP Ngudi lam tgi ca sd SX,CBTP Ngudi lam tai bep an tap the
Cgng
C6 kham
< 1 2
"
119
72
47
184
85
99
303
thang
Ty l f
%
17.2
10.4
6.8
26.4
12.2
14.2
43.6
>12 thang
n
81
52
29
100
55
45
181
Ty If %
11.7
7.5
4.2
14.4
7.9
6.5
26.1
Khong kham
n
148
54
94
63
42
21
211
Ty If %
21.3
7.8
13.5
9.0
6
3
30.3
Chung
n = 695
348
178
170
347
182
165
695
Ty le %'
50.1
25.6
24.5
49.9
26.2
23.7
100
Nhgn xet: Theo Quyit djnh sd 21/QD-BYT ngay 12 thang 3 nam 2007 cia Bp trudng Bp y
te ve qui djnh dieu kifn s ic khoe ddi vdi nhirng ngudi tiip xuc true tiip trong qua ttmh chi biin TP gdi sin va kinh doanh TP an ngay, diSu 4 ve yeu eau kham sic khoe ddi vdi ngudi lao ddng ghi rd "Ngudi lao ddng phai dupe kham sic khoe trade khi toyin dung, khim sic khoe dinh ky..."[12]. Trong 695 ngudi dupe dieu tra chi cd 43.6%) kham sic khde ding qui djnh (mdi kham <12 thang); 181 ngudi (26.1%) ed kham nhung da >12 thang; dae biet cd den 211 ngudi (30.4%)) khong kham sic khoe djnh ky (bang 2.4). Nhu vay, so ngudi ehua dupe kham sic khoe ding theo qui dinh chiim den 56.5% cao ban kSt qua nghien eiru cia Okojie OH va cs chi ed 30,4% ngudi da duac kiim tta s ic khde trade khi hanh nghe [63].
Qua thong tin to Trang tam Y tS du phdng tinh Ben Tre vS kSt qua thanh tta dpt mpt diu nam 2007. Trong 57 tradng, nhdm trS, Idp mim non thi trudng dgt ca 2 tiiu ehuin (VSATTP hoac vf sinh dinh dudng TP) chi dem tren dau ngdn Ui). Vi pluiiii thudng la khdng kiSm tra s ic khde djnh ky theo quy djnh [57].
Tai tinh Vinh Long, qua kiim tta tdng sd 214 bip an tap thi tren dja ban tinh, chi cd 66%) bip an dat yeu elu va 34%> bip an khong thuc hifn kham sic khdc [38].
Vifc khdng kham sic khoe dung theo qui djnh khdng nhttng vi pham qui djnh cia nha nude ma cdn la tiem an nguy ca gay ngd ddc TP.
1.7. Dugc tham gia tap huan kien thic VSATTP
Bang 2.5. Tham gia tap huan kien thie VSATTP
TT
1
2
"—-—Iham gia tap huln Huyfn/Thanh pho ~ - _ Ngffdi kinh doanh TP Ngudi ban TP Ngudi ban rong Ngirdi san xuit, ehi biin TP Ngudi lam tai co sd SXCBTP Ngudi lam tai bep an tap the
COng
Cd n = 695
203 118 85
277 142 135 480
Ty Ig % 29.2 17.0 12.2 39.9 20.4 19.4 69.1
Khong n = 695
145 60 85 70 40 30 215
Ty If % 20.9 8.6 12.2 10.1 5.8 4.3 30.9
Nhgn xet: Nhung ngudi kinh doanh TP, dae bift nhttng ngudi true tiSp SX, CBTP can cd
hiiu biit tdi thiiu vi VSATTP va th\rc hanh tdt cac ^ui trinh, qui pham VSATTP. DS cd kien thic, thuc hanh tdt hp phai dupe tap huan vS dam bap VSATTP. Thong qua cac dpt tgp huln nay can bd y t i se cung cap cae van ban qui djnh phap luat, eae ky nang thuc hanh va ban than nhihig ngudi lam tai eae co sd khac nhau se chia se kinh nghifm cho nhau.
Hon ntta, theo Quyit djnh sd 43/2005/QD-BYT ngay 2(3 thang 12 nam 2005 cia Bd tradng Bp y t i eung qui djnh rd "Ca nhan true tiSp san xuit, kinh doanh TP phai cd giiy ching nhan da dupe tap huln kiin thic vi VSATTP phi hap vdi tong nganh nghS san xuat, kinh doanh" [10].
Bang 2.5 cho thiy chi cd 69.1%) dupe tap huln kiin thic vi VSATTP, sd cdn Iai 30.9% ehua dupe tap huin. Kit qua nay phi hpp vdi kit qua nhung dpt kiim tta VSATTP cia Cue An tpan ve sinh TP cho thiy, nhiiu doanh nghiep chua quan lam ding muc ddi vdi quy djnh vi VSATTP, thudng gap nhimg vi pham nhu dung cu phuc vu an udng, ehi biin, t in trtt, bao quan TP sai quy djnh; nhan viin true tiSp san xuat chua dupe ttang bj kiin thic co ban vi bao dam an toan TP va ve sinh ca nhan [19].
Ngay 30-11- 2008, Sd Y t i tinh Vinh Long cho biit, qua kiim tra ting si 214 bip an tgp thi tten dja ban tinh, chi cd 141 bip an dgt ySu cau va 73 bep an khdng dam bao cac diiu kien vf sinh, khdng thirc hifn kham sic khde, nhan viSn khong mac ttang phuc chuySn dung va khdng thuc hifn luu miu TP theo ding quy dinh [37].
35
2. THlTC TR^NG CONG TAC QUAN LY VE SINH AN TOAN THUC PHAM CUA CHINH QUYEN, SU PHOI HOT CUA CAC BAN NGANH, DOAN THE TAI DIA PHUONG
2.1. Dia phu-ffng co thanh lap Ban chi dao VSATTP
Bang 2.6. Dja phuong c6 thanh lap Ban chi dao VSATTP
~~~~~~—~ Ban chi dao H u y g n / T P ~ ~ ~ — ~ - ^ TamKy Nii Thanh Hifp Die Nam Tra My
Chung
Tong so
86 105 90 75
356
Cd n 86 105 90 50
331
Ty If % 100 100 100 66.7 93.0
Khong n 0 0 0 25 25
Ty If % 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.3 7.0
Nhgnxit : Vifc thanh lap Ban chi dgo la yeu cau bit budc trong he thdng quan ly chat
lupng VSATTP tu trung uong den co sd. Ban chi dao VSATTP co vai trd rat Idn trong viec chi dgo xay dung va triin khai thue hifn kS hoach vS VSATTP, cac boat dpng chuyen mdn, edng tae thanh kiSm tta, giam sat, danh gia cac mat hogt ddng... nham thuc hifn tdt edng tae dam bao chit lupng VSATTP tai dia phuang. Tren bang 2.6 cho thiy tai cae dia phuong da thanh lap Ban chi dao VSATTP chiem ty If kha cao 93.0%) chi ySu tai cac huyfn ddng bang, trang du, van cdn 7.0%o dja phuang chua thanh lap Ban chi dao tap trang tai huyfn miSn nii. Day la van de ma ching ta can quan tam nhiiu ban cho cic dia phuang miin nii, bdi mot each dl hiiu vi cac dja phuong miin nii edn gap nhieu khd khan hon nhu ve dja hinh, sd lupng va nang luc can bd, thieu su quan tam den cdng tac nay.
2.2. Xay dnng ki hoach, ban hanh van ban ehi dao ve VSATTP
Bang 2.7. Xay dung ke hogch hoat dgng VSATTP tai dia phirong
\ \ Hoat dgng
Dja diMK
TamKy Nui Thanh Hiep Die Nam Tra My
Chung
Tong n
so
86 105 90 75
356
Xay dung ke hoach
Co
n
83 103 90 37
313
Ty If %
96.5 98.1 lOO.O 49.3 87.9
Khong
n
3 2 0
38 43
Ty If %
3.49 1.90 0.00 50.67 12.1
Ban hanh van ban
Co
n
85 104 87 47 323
Tyle %
98.84 99.05 96.67 62.67 90.73
Khong
n= 356
1 1 3
28 33
Tylf %
1.16 0.95 3.33 37.33 9.27
Nh^n xet: Xay dung ki hpgch boat dpng va ban hanh cae van ban chi dao la cin thiit, k i hoach xay dimg cu thi, chi tiit va kha thi tai dja phuong se giip cho vifc triin khai thtrc hifn ni nip, xuySn suit nhim thue hien cd hifu qua cdng tac dam bao chit lupng VSATTP. Vi vgy, muin lam tit cdng tac dam bao chat lupng VSATTP
mdt ttong nhung edng vifc dja phuong cin lam dd la xay dung ki hoach hoat ddng va ban hanh van ban chi dao vi VSATTP. Ty IS dja phuang da xay dung ki lioaeh hoat dpng va ban hanh cac van ban chi dgo chiim ty If kha cao (87.9%) va 90.7%)), chi yiu cac dja phuang ving ddng bing, ttung du, khong xay dung ki hoach hoat ddng va ban hanh van ban (12.1% va 9.3%) (bang 2.7). Ket qua nay tuong duong vdi kit qua nghiSn ciu co sd khoa hpc di di xuit qui hoach phat triin mang ludi quan ly VSATTP ttong nganh y t i cia tae gia Tran Dang (88.1%) [32].
Day eung la van di cin quan tam, do viec thieu thanh lap ban chi dao nen thiiu su quan tam chi dao di xay dung ki hoach boat dpng va ban hanh van ban.
2.3. To chuc hgi nghi trien khai vin ting kit ve cong tac VSATTP
Bang 2.8. T6 chic hgi nghj trien khai va tong kit ve cong tac VSATTP
^^^-TQ.chie hf i nghj Huyfn/TP ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
TamKy Nii Thanh Hifp Die Nam Tra My
Chung
Tong so
86 105 90 75
356
C6
••
76 94 84 23 277
Tylf %
88.37 89.52 93.33 30.67 77.8
Khong
••
10 11 6 52 79
Tyle Vo
11.63 10.48 6.67
69.33 22.2
Nhgn xet: Hpi nghj ttiin khai, tdng kit cdng tac VSATTP nham muc dich danh gia kit
qua boat ddng, nSu ra nhiing thuan loi, tim dupe cac khd khan de to do dua ra giai phap phi hop nham ttiin khai tdt cac hpat ddng. Theo kSt qua nghiSn ciu cho thiy cac dja phuong da quan tam din vln di nay, cd den 77.8%) can bp lanh dap biit va tta ldi ed td chic cac hogt ddng nay va nhtmg cdn 122% lanh dao tta Idi khong ed hpi nghi triin khai va ting kit v i cong tac VSATTP (tap trung nhiiu nhit tai huyfn mien nii Nam Tra My) (bang 2.8). Day la npi dung ein thiit ma cac dja phuang can phai quan tam ldng ghep di td chic cac cupc hdi nghj, ting ket dS danh gia, ddng gdp y kiSn, rut kmh nghiem dua ra giai phap phi hpp nham triin khai cac hoat dpng ngay cang hieu qua hon.
2.4. Phu'ofng phap chi dgo khi c6 vy ngg dge TP xay ra tai dja phu-ong
PHlTONG PHAP CHI BAG TVLg%
90
80
lr\rclicp V.lnbmi Hhh Ihirc kliic
Bieu do 2.3. Phinmg phip ehi dao khi e6 vg ngf dge TP
Nhgn xit:
Khi cd vu ngp ddc TP xay ra, vifc chi dao kjp thdi khdng nhung giai quyit nhiing hau qua do ngd ddc TP gay ra ma cdn tun nguyen nhan di x i ly ttift di ngan chan ngd ddc TP tai diSn, van dS chi dao true tiip thudng dupe ap dung va do ca quan chuySn mdn la co quan thudng true cia Ban ehi dao tien hanh. Theo kit qua nghiSn ciu, phuong thue ehi dao khi cd xiy ra vu ngp ddc TP theo each: chi dgo true tiip chiem ty If cao 85.7%, tiip theo la bang van ban 71.9% va cuii eung la nhung phuang thic khac 8.4% (hpp, difn thoai) (biSu dd 2.3). Dieu nay ehirng td eae dia phuong da the hifn cdng tae quan ly ehi dao khi cd ngp dpe TP la kha thuan nhit va hpp ly. Day la cac ndi dtmg cin phat huy di ehi dao thuc hifn khi cd ngd ddc xay ra nhim dam bao ding thudng quy vi diiu tta x i ly cac vu ngp die TP cia BS Y tS.
2.5. Vai trd ciia ban nganh, doan the trong cdng tac VSATTP
Bang 2.9. Vai tro cua ban nganh, doan the trong eong tic VSATTP
^^luyln /TP
Ngi dung ^ ^ ^ ^
Hoi ndng dSn Doan thanh nien Hoi phu ntt Van hda thong tin Hoi chu thap dd Hdi cmi chien binh Nganh giao due Khac
TamKy
a
42 49 79 53 27 25 48 15
Tylf %
11.8 13.8 22.2 14.9 7.6 7.0 13.5 4.2
Nui Thanh
n
61 46 96 75 38 33 64 0
Ty If %
17.1 12.9 27.0 21.1 10.7 9.3 18.0 0.0
Hifp Due
n
60 48 77 57 18 19 58 28
Ty le%
16.9 13.5 21.6 16.0 5.1 5.3 16.3 7.9
Nam Tri My
n
57 29 63 57 5 30
55 5
Tylf %
16.0 8.1 17.7 16.0 1.4 8.4 15.4 1.4
Chung
n=356
220 172 315 242 88 107 225 48
Tyle %
61.8 48.3 88.5 68.0 24.7 3a.i 63.2 13.5
38
Nh|n xet: Mudn dam bao chit lupng vi VSATTP thi trong boat ddng cin su huy ddng
cia toan xa hdi, dac bift phai ed su phdi hpp ban nganh, doan thi. Niu thiiu su phii hop nay thi vifc triin khai rit ban chi va it hifu qua. Vi v^y, vai trd cia ban nganh, doan the l i rat quan trpng, khdng thi thiiu ttpng cdng tac nay. Khi danh gia vS vai ttd cia ban nginh, doan thi nao quan trpng nhit ddi vdi edng tae VSATTP, bang 2.9 cho thay chiSm ty If cao nhit la Hoi phy ntt (88.5%), ki din la Van hda thdng tin (68.0%), Nganh giao due (63.2%), Hpi ndng dan (61.8%), Doan thanh niSn (48.3%), Hpi cuu chiSn binh (30.1%), thip nhit Hpi chtt thap dd (24.7%), khac (13.5%). Ching td vai ttd cia hdi phu ntt la vd cing quan trpng trong hpat ddng nay, vin di btta an gia dinh hoac bep an tap the thudng liSn quan din ngudi phu ntt hon, do dd cdng tae VSA T TP gan bd vdi edng vifc cua ngudi phg ntt nhiiu hon. Mat khac, cung nhu Hpi phu nu, cac ban nganh doan thi khac nhu Van hda thdng tin, Hpi ndng dan da khing djnh duac vai frd cia minh thdng qua each to chic va trien khai cac boat ddng truyin thdng, van ddng. Ddi vdi Nganh giao due cd vai trd quan trpng ttPng vifc chi dao va triin khai taySn ttuyin hudng din VSATTP eho hpc sinh.
2.6. Cing tic quan ly VSATTP d uguoi ban rong
Bang 2.10. Quan ly VSATTP d ngu-di ban rong
TT 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ngi dung
Thanh lap dpi liSn nganh kiim tra, giam sat
Chi dao cac ban nganh, doan the phdi hpp tuyen traySn, van ddng hp thuc hien qui djnh vS VSATTP
Lap danh sach theo ddi, quan Iy
Hudng din ngudi ban rong dang ky de theo ddi
Cam kit
Td ehic va van ddng kham sic khde djnh ky
Quy hoach tap trung dja diSm ban
Td chic cic Idp tap huln vi VSATTP
Van ban chi dao
Khdng tta ldi
So ngirdi tra loi
90
34
32
10
9
9
8
7
1
192
Ty If %
25.3
9.6
9.0
2.8
2.5
2.5
2.2
2.0
0.3
53.8
Nhgn xet: Thuc ttang ban hang rong kha phi biin d cae dia phuang bdi tinh tien lpi cua
nd. Tuy nhiin, thic an to ganh han^ rong nay ludii tiim in nguy co gay ngp ddc TP, ttong khi dd cdng tac quan ly cdn rit khd khan. Bing cau phdng van sau kit qua thu dupe tgi bang 2.10 eho ta thiy ed 192 ngudi khdng tta ldi (53.8%), nhu vay chi ed 46.2% ngudi eho y kiin nhto xet vi cac hinh thie quto ly ngudi ban rong tgi dja phuong; ttong dd ed nhiiu ndi dung di quan 1 nhimg thuc t i each quan ly dupe nSu ra la thanh lap d$i liSn nganh kiim tta, giam sat 25.3%, taySn trayin, vto dpng hp thue hifn qui djnh vi VSATTP 9.6%, lap danh sach thep ddi, ^uan ly 9.0%o, cho ngudi ban rong dang ky di theo ddi 2.8%i hogc lam earn kit 2.5%, td ehic kham sic khde 2.5%,
39
tjp trung dia diSm ban 2.2%, td chic tap tgp huin 2.0%), lam van ban ehi dao 0.3%. Chung tdi cho rang thuc te each quto ly do la phi hop vdi cdng tac quan ly TP tgi nude ta hien nay chi yiu la vifc toySn trayen hudng din ngudi bto rong tai dja phuang thyre hifn dam bao chit lupng VSATTP, ddng thdi thudng xuySn giam sat, kiim tta de giip do hp thuc hifn tdt cflng nhu x i ly kjp thdi nhttng sai pham, nhttng diSu dd se gdp phto rat Idn frpng vifc quan ly co sd san xuat, che bien, kinh doanh TP.
Tuy nhiSn, cd 53.8%) ngudi khdng tta Idi ttong vifc quto ly ngudi ban rong, nguySn nhto cd thS do chua quan tam din vin di nay, hoac khdng quan ly hay quan ly ldng leo, thiiu hieu biit doi vdi linh vue nay va mat khac cd thS la hp cho vifc tra ldi phdng vln la khdng cin thiit.
Theo thing kS chua diy d i cia Bp Y ti to nam 1999 din nam 2004, ca ntrde cd 1.386 vu ngd dde TP, ttong dd cd tdi 1.056 vu ngp dpe la do T A D P va bip to tap thS
gay ra. NguySn nhto cia tinh ttgng tren, ttudc het la do nhiSu dja phuang chua thuc su quan tam dSn edng tac bao dam vf sinh, an toan TADP, chua cd quy hoach cho loai hinh djeh vu nay; cdng tac thdng tin, giao dge, traySn thdng chua dupe day manh; su phdi hpp lien nganh chua ddng bp; cdng tac thanh tra, kiSm tta chua thudng xuySn va vifc xu ly cae hanh vi vi phgm chua nghiem; chua huy dpng dupe sir tham gia cia cac td chic xa hdi vao edng tac giam sat vf sinh, an toto TADP [7].
2.7. Cong tac truyen thong qua hf thong loa truyen thanh
HE THONG LOA TRUYEN THANH
^ ^
I Khong
Bilu d i 2.4. Hf thing loa truyin thanh tren dja ban huyfn
Nhgn xet: Hf thing loa truyin thanh ttin dia bto huyen/xa rit cd y nghia ttong vifc phd
biin thdng tin, kiin thic va phi hop diiu kifn thuc tiSn eae dja phuang. Qua biiu dd 2.4 cho ta thiy cac dja phuong cd hf thing loa trayin thanh ttin dia bto huyf n/xa la kha cao (85.7%); diiu nay tao diiu kifn thuan lpi cho vifc trayin thdng giao due tgi dia phuong; vin edn 14.3% dja phuong khdng ed hf thing loa ttuyin thanh nay, dac bift la cac dja phuang ving trung du v i miin nui. Day la vin di ma cae cap lanh dao
40
cto phai quan tam dau to dung mic dS ngudi cdng dong tiSp cto thdng tin vi VSATTP.
Bang 2.11. So lln tuyen tuyen ve VSATTP hang thang
^~'~~- ^o lan/thang
Huyfn/TP ^ ^ ^ ~ \ TamKy Nii Thtoh Hifp Die Nam Tri My
Chung (n=356)
I lin
n
17 15 36 20 88
Tylf % 4.8 4.2 10.1 5.6 24.7
2 - 3 Ito
n
47 49 30 01 127
Ty le% 13.2 13.8 8.4 0.3 35.7
4 - 6 lln
n
13 24 18 01 56
Ty IS% 3.7 6.7 5.1 0.3 15.7
>6ian
n
7 17 4 01 29
Tylf % 2.0 4.8 1.1 0.3 8.1
Khdng cd
n
2 0 2 52 56
Tylf % 0.6 0.0 0.6 14.6 15.7
Nh^n xit: Trayen thdng vS VSATTP qua hf thdng loa thudng xuyen htog thtog se giip
ngudi dto nhan thie tit hon di phdng ngia, ngto chto ngd dpe TP. Qua bang 2.11 cho ta thiy 84.3%) hf thing loa traySn thanh tai cic dja pliuong dupe phat huy htog thtog, gin 60%) dupe t i ehic toySn traySn trSn 2 lln/thtog; dae bift ed 8.1%o toyen trayin ttSn 6 lln/thang, mpt lln ntta khing djnh van di toySn trayin bing hf thong loa tmyin thanh tai dja phuang la cin thiit, hifu qua va dupe quan tam thuc hien. Tuy nhiSn vin cdn 15.7%) khong cd lln nao, nguySn nhto do khdng td chic toyen trayin qua hf thing loa va khdng cd hf thing loa nay ttong dd chi ySu l i Nam Tra My (chiem 14.6%) ttong ty If chung). Day cung la vin di ma cac cap lanh dao dae bift miin nii cin phii quan tam hon ntta ttong vifc chi dao, ttiSn khai thue hifn.
2.8. Y kien ve eong tac quan ly VSATTP
2.8.1. Cdc cong dogn (khau) cin luuy didam bao VSATTP
CAC KHAU CAN LUU 'V DE DAM BAG VE SINH ATTP
88.2 Ty 1? %
30.3
Sdn)aiat Chi bien Bao quan Phan phdi Van Sii dyng Du>4n9i chuyen dung
Bilu d6 2.5. Cic khSu cin Inn y de dam bao VSATTP
Nhgn xet: Trong qua ttinh to sto xuat din tiSu ding ttai qua 6 cdng doan cin thiit di dam
bao chat lupng VSATTP. Vi vay, ngudi quto ly cin biit cac npi dung nay. Theo qui djnh cia Cue Y t i Du phdng, ngudi dupe diiu tra tta Idi d i to 4 khau trd ISn thi duac xem nhu la thue s\i hiiu biit vi cdng tac VSATTP. Kit qua nghiSn ciu cua ching tdi sd ngudi tta ld|i d i to 4 khau ttd len chiim ty If 48.3%) (biiu do 2.5). Diiu nay cung chiing td su hiiu biit chung cia nhdm nghien eiu vi cdng tic VSATTP la ehua tit. Ty If nay thip ban so vdi nghiSn cum cua Bp Y ti - Cue VSATTP nam 2007 (tra ldi ding to 4 khau ttd len 82.7%) [7].
2.8.2. NhOmg hogt dpng can thfrc hi^n di ldm lot cdng tdc VSATTP
HOAT DONG CAN THV'C Hlf.N Oft LAM T 6 T C 6 N C TAC Vf. SINH AN T O A N T i i y c P H A M
MM Xay dyrig ll)ining I o thirc Hhh kyi.1, Du 4 !ii>yl
KH sal Ihili; \iiyen GS. nhl^u hhih kcL long ket dOajJ kKDi Ua ihirc iiiyiln
Bieu do 2.6. Nhirng hogt dgng can thire hifn d i lam tot eong tae VSATTP
Nhgn xet: Di dam bao ehlt lupng VSATTP, ttpng cdng tac quto ly VSATTP cd 4 npi
dtmg hogt ddng quan ttpng cin phai thuc hifn ddng bd mdi ntog eao chit lugng boat dpng. Qua nghiSn eiiu chiing toi nhto thiy tta ldi diing timg phin kha ding nhit tai cac dja phuong va chiim ty If cao ito lupt: Vifc thudng xuySn kiim tta, giam sat (93.5%), td chuc nhiiu hmh thic toySn trayin cho ngudi dto (86.8%)), xay dung ki hoach boat dpng ehp Ban chi dao sat thuc (79.2%)), djnh ky td chic so kSt tdng kSt cdng tac dam bao ehlt lupng VSATTP (64.9%)). Tuy nhiSn, tta Idi dtag va du 4 npi dung cin boat dpng ttSn chi chiem ty If khiSm tin 53.4%o (biiu dd 2.6).
42
2,8.3. Qudn iy vi VSATTP doi v&i ngu&i bdn hdng rong tai dia pliuong
Bang 2.12. C^c hoat dong 6.1 lam t6t cong tac quan Iy ngu'O'i ban rong
TT
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Ngi dung
TuySn traySn bing nhiiu hinh thic
Phdi hpp liSn nganh thanh, kiim tra, giam sat
Td chic cho ngudi bto rong dang ky mua ban
Tgp tmng dja diim bto rong
Lap danh sach theo ddi
Ngudi bto rong thue hifn cam kSt dam bao VSATTP
cap giay phep eho ngudi ban rong
Chuyen ddi nghS
Thtoh lap td tu quto
Lap Ban chi dao
Vto bto hudng dto
Cam bto rong
So ngiroi de xuit
159
101
76
61
30
18
12
8
6
5
5
4
Ty If %
44.7
28.4
21.3
17.1
8.4
5,1
3.4 -) -> 1.7
1.4
1.4
1.1
Nhan x^t: Bto htog rong la phd biSn d cac dja phuong, trong khi dd cdng tac quto ly cdn
rit khd khto. Can bd lanh dgo d cac dja phuang da cd kinh nghifm trong quto ly ddi toong nay va hp de xuat cac vifc cin lam di lam tdt cdng tae quan ly ngudi bto hang rong ty If lin lupt nhu sau: Ban nganh, doan the phii lipp toyen traySn bang nhiiu hinh thic 44.7%); phdi hpp lien nganh thanh, kiim tra, giam sat 28.4%); to chic cho ngudi ban rong dang ky mua bto 21.3%); tap trang dja diim ban 17.1%; lap danh sach theo doi 8.4%); thuc hifn cam kit dam bao VSATTP 5.1%); cap giay phep cho ngudi bto rong 3.4%); chuyin dii nghi 2.2%); td tu quan 1.7%; lap Ban chi dao. co van ban hudng din (diu 1.4%i) va cim ban rong la 1.1%). (Bang 2.12) Nhu vay, hoat dpng dupe di xuit nhiiu nhit va cd kha thi vdi tinh hinh thuc te hien nay la td chic truySn thdng bing nhiiu hinh thic; thanh, kiim tra, giam sat; t i chic cho ngudi bto rong dtog ky mua ban.
43
2.8.4. Ngudn cung cdp thdng tin vi VSATTP
- —
Ty le %
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
— - - — NGUON CUNG CAp THONG TIN
8 7 9 848
1 40.4
1
1 I
^ ^ B 6.7
IP ^ ' Tiiong tin dai Can bp y Ic Ban cham soc Khac
chinig siic khoe
Biiu do 2.7. Nguon thong tin vi VSATTP
Nhfn xit: De cimg cip thdng tin vi VSATTP ed nhiiu kSnh thdng tin khac nhau nhu qua
cac phuang tifn thdng tin dai ching, qua tap huin, hdi thao, tai lifu.... Qua biiu dd 2.7 cho ta thiy ngudn thdng tm vi VSATTP ma cto bp lanh dao dupe nhto ehi yiu to cac phuang tiin thong tin dai ching (87.9%)), qua cto bd y tS (84.8%)); ban cham sde sic khde (40.4%), ngudn khac rit it (6.7%). Diiu do chiing td thdng qua cac phuang tifn trayin thdng dai ehung va cto bd y ti rat cd y ngliia ttong vifc cung eip thdng tm vi VSATTP din lanh dao cae cip tai cac dja phuong va cin dupe duy tri, md rdng.
2.8.5. Hinh thuc tuyen truyin co hifu qua tgi dia phuang
HINHTHLCTUYI
Tyl? 8(1
70 1
60
50
4 0 -
3 0 -
20-j
10-i
79 2
-
'''•
Qua loa Quad^ pMt thanh truydn xa. Wnh
N TRUYEN CO HI$U QUA
.10.1
r\ 1 J
55.6
^ ^ 8
f=^ n -LU Qua h&a Qua cdc lo Truyen
chi roi, tranh thong tivc anh tiep
Biiu di 2.8. Hlnh thuc tuyin truyin c6 hifu qua tgi dia phumig
44
Nh§n xet: Hmh thie toyen tmyin ed hieu qua thdng thudng la ttuyin thong true tiip nhu
to vto, thao Into nhdm, ttinh diin, ndi chuyfn chuyen di... toy nhiSn ddi hdi ngudi dto phai cd nhu cau va muin tham gia, chi phi cao ban nhiiu so vdi trayin thdng gian tiSp qua loa. Tuy nhiSn, kit gua cho ta thiy hmh thic toyen trayin lanh dao dja phuong eho la hieu qua cao nhat tai dja phuong vin la he thing ttuyin thanh xa chiim 79.2%); trayin hinh (61.5%)); roi din tranh anh, td roi, qua bao chi va thip nhit la trayin thdng tr\rc tiip 25.8% (biiu dd 2.8). Diiu nay phi hop vdi diiu kifn hifn nay, khi m i ngudi dto it danh thdi gian di den du hpp, nghe traySn thong true tiip va dpe tai lieu, bao ehi. MJe khac, ngudn kinh phi danh cho cdng tac trayin thong cdn ban hep nin vifc trayen thong qua loa di kha thi ban. Do dd, vifc ed chuih sach diu to, ntog cap, phat huy cd hifu qua hf thing trayin thdng tgi xa la vd cing cin thiit ttong cing tac dam bao VSATTP tgi cac dja phuong.
2.8.6. Nhu ciu tgp huan kiin thuc VSATTP
NHU CAU TAP H U A N KIEN THifC VSATTP
140%
^^^^^PI ffi ^B^ I ^Bl K'' y
89.60%
a Co
• Khong
Biiu do 2.9. Nhu eau can tap huin kien thiic VSATTP
Nhan xet: Tap huln kiin thic VSATTP nhim cung d p thdng tm cho lanh dao giip cho
vifc quto ly chit lupng VSATTP di dap inig eho cdng tac chi dao triin khai va thuc hien ngay etog hifu qua tai dja phuang. Day cung la nhu ciu va mong mudn cia cac nha lanh dao, qua diiu tta chung tdi 98.6% nha lanh dao diu mong mudn dupe tap huin (biiu dd 2.9).
2.8.7. Cdc cdng viic cin thifc hiin di ndng cao kiin thirc VSA TTP
Bang 2.13. Cae edng viee can thge hifn de nang eao kiin th ic vi VSATTP cho ngirdi dan
Ngi dung cong vifc
Td ehic traySn thdng, vto dpng true tiep nhan dan thuc hifn nham dam bao VSATTP bing nhiSu hinh thie Tuyen tmyin ttin phuong tien thdng tin dai ching cae npi dung ve VSATTP, tinh hinh ngp dpe TP... Lam td rai cung cap chp cdng ddng Lam pane, htog rdn Cung cap tai lifu, sach Tap huto cho nhiing ngudi tham gia trong cac co sd san xuat, chi bien, kinh doanh TP, djeh vu to udng... Cung cap vto bto ve VSATTP
So ngudi de nghi
273
83
15 12 7
92
2
Ty If %)
76.7
23.3
4.2 3.4 2.0
25.8
0.6
Nhgn xet: cae cto bp lanh dgo dja phuang la ngudi gan dan, thudng xujcn Id chiic cac
boat ddng xa hpi ndi chung va boat dpng dam bao chat lupng VSATTP ndi riSng, chinh vi vay, hp cd kmh nghifm trong vifc lua chpn cac hoat ddng kha thi va co hifu qua di ntog cao kiin thie VSATTP cho ngudi dto. Qua phdng van ching tdi thiy hau hit eae nha lanh dgo diu thing nhit hogt dpng trayen thdng GDSK bao gdm traySn thong, van dpng true tiip 76.7%); toyen trayin tten cae phuang tifn thdng tin dai ching 23.3%), k i din la tap huln cho nhing ngudi tham gia ttong cac co sd sanxuit, chi biin, kinh doanh TP, dich vu to udng... chiim ty If 25.8%, nhu vay eho thiy vai ttd cia edng tie trayin thdng la rit quan ttpng trong viec ntog eao kien thie ngudi dto. Cae hmh thie trayin thong khac nhu qua td roi, pa nd/btog rdn, tai lifu, sach cto bd lanh dap dua ra rit it (htog 2.13).
46
3. KIEN THi rc , THAI BQ, HANH VI VE VSATTP 3.1. Kiin thiic, thai dp, hanh vi ve VSATTP eua ngwdi SX, CBTP
3.1.1. Kiin thuc cua ngu&i SX, CBTP
3.1.1.1. Kien Ihiic ve cdc benh khdng duac Iham gia vdo qud trinh sdn xudi hay che biin TP
Bang 2.14. Kien th ic ve eie bfnh khong dugc tham gia vao qua trinh san xuat hay ehc biin TP
^ ^ ^ Doi tirgng
Mle eae b e n h ^ ^ ^
Lao tiin ttiin chua duoe dieu tti Bfnh dudng tieu hoa (Ta, ly, thuong bto...) Viem gan vi rit (A va E) Cae bfnh ngoai da nhiSm trung ViSm dudng hd hap cap tinh cac chiing sdn dai, sdn phto Ngudi lanh mang trung Di 6 ndi dung ttSn
Ngu'di lam tgieo' sd SX, CBTP
n=182
163
90
21
110
66
12
0
0
Ty If %
89.6
49.5
11.5
60.4
36.3
6.6
0.0
0.0
Ngudi lam tai bep an tap the
n=165
141
116
78
112
105
85
4
4
Ty If %
85.5
70.3
47.3
67.9
63.6
51.5
2.4
2.4
CI
n=347
304
206
99
222
171
97
4
4
ung
Ty If %
87.6
59.4
28.5
64.0
49.3
28.0
1.2
1.2
Nhan xet: Danh mue eae benh hoae ching bfnh trayen nhiim ma ngudi lao dpng khdng
dupe tiip xic ttong qua trinh chi biin TP bao gdi sin, kinh doanh TP ta ngay gdm cic bfnh sau:
- Lao chua dupe diSu tri; - Bfnh dudng tieu hoa (ta, ly, thuong ban...); - ViSm gan vi rit (A va E); - Cae bfnh ngoai da nhiem trung; - ViSm dudng hd hap d p tinh; - cae ehirng sdn dai, sdn phto; - Ngudi lanh mang trung [12]. Bang phuang phap phdng vin ching tdi thu dupe kit qua nhing ngudi tta Idi
ding nhu sau (htog 2.14): lao chua dupe diiu trj 87.6%; bfnh dudng tiiu hoa (ta, Iy, thuong hto...) 59.4%; viem gan vi nit (A va E) 28.5%); cae bfnh ngoai da nhilm tring 64%; viem dudng hd hip d p tinh 49.3%); eae chiing sdn dai, sdn phto 28%); ngudi lanh mang triing 1.2%).
Dac bift ty If ngudi SX, CBTP tta Idi diy d i danh muc 6 benh trayin nhilm khi mic khdng dupe tham gia san xuit hay ehi biin TP chi cd 1.2%. Nhu vgy, hiiu biit
47
cia ngudi SX, CBTP vi cac bfnh va ching bfnh trayin nhilm edn qua thip. Kit qua nay thap hon nghiSn ciu nam cia T.T. Htog 2006 cho thiy cd 52.2% ngudi sto xuit, chS bien TP con thiiu kiin thic vi VSATTP [38]. Cac kit qui trSn phi hpp vdi thing ki cia Bp Y ts to nam 1999 din nam 2004, ca nude cd 1.386 vy ngd dpe TP, trpng dd cd tdi 1.056 vu ngp dpe la do TADP va bip an tap thi gay ra. Mpt ttong nhiing nguyen nhto chmh cia thih ttang tten la do ngudi budn ban va ngudi tiSu dung cdn thiiu kiin thic ve VSATTP; sir phdi hpp lien nganh chua ddng bd; cong tae thanh tta, kiim tta chua thudng xuySn va viec xi ly cic hanh vi vi phgm ehua nghiSm; chua huy ddng dupe sir tham gia cua cac ti chic xa hpi vio cdng tac giam sat vf smh, an toto TADP Ul
Nhu vgy, vln di nhto thue vi bao dam ehlt lupng VSATTP cia ngudi Vift Nam cto dupe quan tam.
5. /. 1.2. Kien Ihiic ve bdo qudn Idl TP
KIEN THLTC BAO QUAN TOT TP
- Nguoi lami tai CO so SXCBTP,
- Nguoi lam tai bep an tap the
Chung
Biin ab 2.10. Kiin thic ve bio quan tit TP
Nhgn xet: Vi Idiuin nhilm vao TP thudng to 4 ngudn chu yiu: - Do mdi trudng khdng dam bao ve sinh, vi khuto to dit, nude bto, khdng khi,
dung eg, vgt dgng khic nliilm vao TP. - Do thiiu vS smh ttong qua trinh ehi bien, vf sinh ca nhto khdng dam bao, tiip
xuc vdi TP ttong qua ttinh dang mac cac bfnh nhilm tring dp tinh. Thic to dupe niu khong chin ky, to thic to sdng.
- Do bao quto TP khdng ve smh, khong che day di edn tring, vat nudi... tiip xic vao thic an, mang theo vi khuln gay bfnh.
48
- Do bto thto TP, gia sic, gia cim bj benh trude khi giit mi vi vay thit cua ching mang cae vi khuln hoae do ban thto TP, gia sic giit mi hoan loan khoe manh, khdng _chia vi khuto gay bfnh nhung trong qua trinh giit mi, van chuyin, bao quan, chS biSn TP da bi nhilm vi khuln va cac ehlt dpe hai khac [56].
^ DS TP khdng bj hu hdng vifc bap quan TP la idiau quan trpng, trpng dd nam vin de chi ySu la phai luu giu ttong khu vue, dung eg, trang bj chuySn ding; dd dung bao gdi khdng thing, khdng nhilm bin, ri rSt... cd nip dgy; bao quan d nhift dp an toan; bao dam thdi gian bao quto, khong dung chit bao quan ngoai qui djnh [54], [59].
Bieu dd 2.10 eho thiy ty If ngudi lam SX, CBTP cd kiin thic bao quan tit TP day d i chi ed 13.5%, sd edn lai chi biit ting npi dung nhu sau:
- Do dung bao gdi khdng thing, khdng nhiim bin, ri ret...cd nip day 76.7%; - Luu giu trong khu vue, dung eu, trang hi chuySn diing 66.3%; - Bio dam thdi gian bao quto 53.3%); - Bao quto d nhiet dp an tpan 47%i; - BChong dung chat bao quto ngoai qui djnh 36%); Diiu nay cd nghia la cd din 86.5% ngudi SX, CBTP chua cd kien thic diy du vS
bao quto TP di dam bao an toto vf sinh TP. Thuc trgng nay la hii ehudng bao dpng vdi nhimg nha quto ly edng tae nay.
3.1.1.3. Kien thiic ve thifC hdnh Idt vi sinh cd nhdn
Bang 2.15. Kien th ie vi thirc hanh t i t ve sinh ea nhSn
^^~^^^ Doi tirgnag
Ngi dung ^ " ' ^ ^ ^
Djnh ky htog nam kham sic khde va d y phto Tam ria, gdi dau trade va sau khi di lam Giu mdng tay ngan va sgch se Ria tay diing qui djnh Cd quto ao sgch, mu chup tdc khi tiSp xic vdi TP Btog vSt thuong tay htog gae khdng tham nude Khdng tiSp x ic vdi TP khi bj bfnh Thao dd ttang sic d tay khi tiip xic vdi TP Khdng ding tay tiep xic true tiip vdi TP Khdng ho, hit hoi, nhai keo,.. .tgi khu chi biin Tra ldi dung toto bd
Ngirdi lam tgi cff SO"
SX,CBTP n
=182
142
150
158 139
107
140
142
120
119
119
0
Tylf %
78.0
82.4
86.8 76.4
58.8
76.9
78.0
65.9
65.4
65.4
0.0
Ngu'di lam tai bep an tgp the
n =165
133
104
117 92
93
70
105
88
83
93
23
Tylf %
80.6
63.0
70.9 55.8
56.4
42.4
63.6
53.3
50.3
56.4
13.9
Chung
n =347
275
254
275 231
200
210
247
208
202
212
23
Ty If %
79.3
73.2
79.3 66.6
57.6
60.5
71.2
59.9
58.2
61.1
6.6
49
Nhgn xet: Chat lupng VSATTP ludn la vln di quan tam cia toto xa hdi vi nd gin liin va
anh hudng true tiip din sic khde cia tit ea mpi ngudi. Di ed TP an toto d n thuc hifn 8 thuc hanh tit VSATTP [53], [54]:
- Thue hanh tdt sto xuat rau an toto; - Thtjc hanh tit chto nudi, giit mi; - Thire hanh 10 nguyin tie vtog chi biin TP an toto; - Thuc hanh bao quto TP tdt; - Thuc hanh tdt luu tiidng TP; - Thue hanh tdt nhto mac TP; - Thvrc hanh tdt bto tay; - Thirc hanh tdt vf sinh ca nhto. Ngudn gde chinh gay nhiSm khuln TP xuit phat to hanh vi con ngudi nhu thiiu
ve smh ea nhto, elm bdc thie to, ho, khgc nhd... niu thiiu kiin thic vi thuc hanh tit vf sinh ca nhto se cd nguy co cao gay ngp dpe TP.
Qua n^hiSn eiu, ching tdi thiy khdng cd ngudi SX, CBTP tta Idi dtog, di vi th\ic hanh tdt vf smh ca nhto (btog 2.15). Kit qua nay phi hpp vdi nhung dot kiim tta VSATTP cua Cyc An toto vf sinh TP cho thay, nhieu doanh nghifp chua quan tam ding mie ddi vdi quy djnh vS VSATTP, vi pham thudng gap la nhto viSn true tiip sto xuit chua dupe ttang bj kiin thie. Nhu vay, thiSu kiin thic co bto vi bao dam an toto vf sinh TP va vf sinh ea nhto sS din nguy co ngp dpe TP.
3.1.1.4. Kiin thirc vi Thuc hdnh lot luu thdng TP
100 . 90 J
s? 80 ' •» 70 .> 60 H 50
40 30 20 10 0
41.9^
V37
Diing trang
thiit bj chuyen dimg
THLTC H A N H TOT LlTU THONG
A88.6
•^ ^ k 5 9 > 5 5 39.42 45
Che day, Giu nhiet Bao dam Khong Thuc an bao gdi do an dung Ihdi iam thay va dung TP an toan cho gian van doi tinh cu de toan, tungTP chuyen chit cua trong vat
tranh lay TP lieu nhiem sach..
them vao TP
TP
Tra ldi dung
loan bo
—•—Casd SX,CB TP
-•—Bep an tap the
- i ^ Chung
i
Bilu dd 2.11. Thye hinh t6t luu thing TF
Nh|n xet: _ , . , DS dam bao thtrc hanh tit Itm thdng phan phdi TP cto dung ttang IhiSt hi
chuyen ding di v|n chuyin, ttanh giy di nhilm; che day, bao gdi TP an toan, ttanh 50
gay d nhilm thSm vao TP; gift nhift dp an toto cho ttmg loai TP ttong qua tthih vto chiiyin; khdng lam biin tinh, thay dii tinh chit cia TP trong qua ttinh luu thdng, phan phdi; khi van chuyen thic to va dung cu eho khach htog d n di trong cac vat lifu sach se, khdng ddc, chac chin, che day km khdng di hu hdng; bao dam dtog thdi gian vgn chuySn. Dam bao thirc hanh tit lim thong phto phdi TP cung la khau quan ttpng di dam bao VSATTP, nhung qua diiu tta ching tdi thiy khdng cd ngudi SX, CBTP cd kien thic vi thuc hanh luu thdng TP ding va di, hp ehi ed kiin thic timg ndi dung nhu sau: cao nhit la biit che day bao gdi an toan: 88.6%o; tiip din la gii nhift dp an tPto: 56.85%), thic to va dgng eg di ttpng vat dgng sach 45%); cd ttang thiit bj chuyen dtog 41.96%; bao dam dtog thdi gian van chuyin 39.42%); thip nhit la khdng Ito thay ddi tinh chit TP: 26.38%) (biiu dd 2.11).
Nhu vay, nhttag ngudi SX, CBTP gin nhu chua cd kiin thic vi thuc hanh tdt luu thdng TP, cto phai cd ki hoach di tap huan cho hp vi vln di nay.
3.1.1.5. Kien thiic ve th&i diem cdn nia lay de ddm bdo VSA TTP
i 1 H "
100 90 80 -70 -60 -50 -40
30 20 -10 -0 -
THliil DIIZM CAN Rll'A TAY
')5.1
69.2 61-1
^^^f^'^^^^pC^^ ,1.5
Sau khi Truoc Sau khi Sau khi Sau khi Tnrac Tra Kri
dive khi tiep savao dung hut khi che diing 6
sinh xiic voi toe. tai vao thuoc la bien then
ihirc miii hay rac, do ihirc diem
p h ^ cac bo ban, pham can nia
song phan quan tay
khac ao
ciia CO
thl
—•—Nguoi lam • tai bep an tap the
- •— Nguoi lam j tai CO so SX,' CBTP
Chung
Bilu dS 2.12. Kien thic vi thdi dilm can rira tay dl dam bio VSATTP
Nhgn xet: Trong sudt qua tthih tt chuin bj, chi biin din phto chia thic to lie nio cung cin
bto tay cia ngudi SX, CBTP, cM cin bto tay cia hp khdng sach se la ngudn dua vi smh vat vao thue to, dae bift thie to ngay. Chfaih vi vay, ttong nam chia khda de cd TP an toto thi chia khda diu tien do la gill vf smh cia ngudi chi hiin va phuc vu to udng. Trong dd biit each r ia tay sach la vin di miu chdt Nhtmg qua dieu tta ching tdi thiy ty If tta Idi ding 6 thdi diim d n r ia tay di dim bao VSATTP chi chiim 11.5%, tta ldi ding riSng timg thdi diim theo th i tt hi eao din thip nhu sau: Sau khi di vf smh 95.1%; trade khi chi biin TP 69.2%); sau khi dung vao rac, dd bin, quin ao 61.1%; tiude khi tiip xic vdi TP sdng 49.9%; sau khi sd vao tdc, tai, mfli hay cac bd phjn khic cua eo thS 26.8%; sau khi hit thudc la 16.7% (biiu dd 2.12).
51
Nhu vgy, khdng ed thdi diim nao tit ca ngudi SX, CBTP diu r ia lay; chi cd 3 thdi diim sau khi di vf sinh, trudc khi chi bien TP, sau khi dgng vao rac, dd ban, quin ao la cd >50%) ngudi r ia tay. Day qua la con sd cto quan tam, cto ed giai phap de chin chinh ttong thdi gian din.
3.1.2. Thdi 0$, hdnh vi ve VSA TTP cda ngu&i SX, CBTP
3.1.2.1. Mac trang phuc rieng khi che bien TP
MAC TRANG PHUC RIENG KHI CHE BIEN TP
Ty If %
100
• Klidng!
nCo
Ngudi lam Iai Ngirdi lam tai CO sd SX, bep an tap the
CBTP
Chung
Bilu d i 2.13. IMgc trang phyc rieng khi ehf bien TP
Nh^n xet: Di ttanh nhilm khuln tt ttang phue, tdc va hoi thd cia ngudi SX, CBTP sang
thic an, ddi hdi phai ed ttang phuc riSng sach se, mu chup toe khi tiSp xic vdi TP. Niu chi d n vd y di tay cham vao quin ao cd nhilm khuto, di tdc rdt vao thie to thi vd sd vi smh vat se tin cong vao thie to, nguy co ngd ddc khdng tranh khdi.
Ngay 30-i 1-2008, Sd Y t i tmh Vihh Long cho biit, qua kiim tta ting si 214 bip to tap flii ttSn dja bto tinh, chi cd 141 (65.9%) bip to dgt ySu elu va 73 (43.1%) bip to khdng m|ic ttang phue chuyen dvmg theo dtag quy dinh [40]. Kit qua nay etog ttcmg tii nhu kit qua nghien ciiu cua chtag tdi, khi SX, CBTP, ed 72% ngudi dupe mjc trang phuc riSng, cdn 28% vin mac quin ao ca nhto (biSu di 2.13).
52
3.1.2.2. Mdng tay ciia ngu&i SX, CBTP
MONG TAY CUA NGU'DI CHE BIEN TP
Ty le %
100
80
60
20
0
n Khong cat ngan
Ngudi lam Ngudi lam Chung tgi ca sd Iai bep an
SX CBTP lap the
Bilu do 2.14. M6ng tay eua ngirdi che bien TF
NhSn xet: IVIdng tay di dai chmh la noi to nau cua vi khuln, do vay mpt ttpng cac yeu cau ctia bto tay sach la mdng tay phai d t ngin. Khi kiim tta mdng tay cia nhiing ngudi SX, CBTP chtag tdi thay cd 91.1% duac cat ngto nhung cdn 8.9% chua dupe cat ngto (biSu dd 2.14). Mac du 8.9% la sd nhd nhung ctag cto quan tam bdi viee d t ngin mdng tay la mdt thao tac dan gito nhung mang lai hifu qua, cd thi ngto chto nhiing vu ngd ddc TP do chinh mdng tay cia ngudi SX, CBTP gay ra.
Khi phto tieh cac mdi nguy gay ngd ddc TP va cac bfnh truyen qua TP tgi bip to tap thi, Trin Vto Ky Ctag da nhto djnh cd 3 nguy co cd the xay ra tgi cac bip to tap till la: ngudi tham gia chi biin TP khdng thuc hifn dtag, d i cic quy djnh hudng din VSATTP (mac du dS hiiu biit cac quy djnh nay), ngudi true tiip chi biin kmh doanh TP khdng hiiu biit v i VSATTP nSn vd tmh gay cac nguy co, eae co quan chic ntog chua thdng tm kip thdi cac nguy co ngoai tim hiiu biit cia ngudi chS biin va eae nguy CO khach quan khac ngoai tim kiim soat cia ngudi che biSn [47].
3.1.2.3. Deo trang sire & tay khi chi biin/liep xiic v&i TP dn ngay
Bhih thudng, ttang sic (vdng deo tay, nhin) lam cho ngudi phy nO ttd ISn duySn dtog horn, do vay chtag dupe dep thudng xuySn khi di lam, di choi, di chp... Nhung ttang sic d tay ctag ehinh la noi smh sdng cia vd sd vi khuln, neu khi tiSp xic vdi thie to ngay vin deo ttang sic thi chtag ctag la ngudn dua vi khuto vao thie to. Chinh vi vay, theo qui djnh, phii thao bd ttang sic khi tiip xic vdi TP.
Qua quan sat nhung ngudi dang chi biin TP, chtag tdi thiy cd 73.2%i ngudi khdng deo dd ttang sic nhtmg vin ed 26.8% ngudi edn deo ttang sic (biiu dd 2.15).
Kit qua thanh tta cua Sd Y t i Ha Ndi cho thiy, gin mdt nia sd bip to tap thi d cac Oirdng tiiu hpc bto tru chua dat tieu chuin vi vf smh TP. O cac tradng trung hpc ca sd bto ttii vacac CO quan xi nghifp, ty If nay lln lupt la 40% va 30% ...[36].
53
DEO TRANG SLTC KHI CHE BIEN TP
Ty le %
120
100
80
60
40
20
n 0M n LP ""^
LP Ngudi lam Iai Ngudi liim lat Chung
ca sd SX bep an lap the CBTP
• Co n Khong
Bieu do 2.15. Beo trang s ie khi ehi biln TP
3.1.2.4. Thuc hdnh nia tay
Trong sudt qua ttmh hi ehuto bj, ehi biin din cip phat thic to, khau nao eiing s i dung ddi bto tay. Nhung neu bto tay khdng sach thi chinh nd cd thi gdp phin lam lan truySn cac bfnh traySn qua TP. Thuc hanh tit r ia tay la mdt tieu ehuin quan ttpng cila nhing ngudi true tiip tham gia chS biin, cip phat thic to. Trong dd, vifc thuc hanh ding qui ttinh r ia tay, phii r ia ky btog nude sgch va xa phdng; phai lau khd tay bing giay lau mdt Ito hoac khto sach la nhiing khau quan ttpng.
PGS -TS Trto Dtog, cue tradng Cue An tpto vf sinh TP cho biSt: 70% vu d nhiem TP cd liSn quan dSn bto tay bto. NSu khdng gi i sgch, tay la noi vto chuySn vao ca ths vi khuto, hda chat ddc hai tt mdi tradng va cae chat bto khac do tiep xuc thong thudng [17].
Bang 2.16. Th\rc hanh rira tay bing
"^^-..-..^^ Rira tay bing
Ddi tirgmg ~~'~~---.> Ngudi lam tgi ea sd SX,CBTP Ngudi lam tgi bip to tap thi Chung (n =347)
Xa phong, BU6IC sgch
n
168
160
328
Ty If %
48.4
46.1
94.5
Nir6'c sgch
n
13
5
18
Tylf%
3.7
1.4
5.2
Niric da dung (rua ly, rira chen. ) D
I
0
1
Tylf%
0.3
0.0
0.3
54
TYLE%
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
V A T DUNG DE LAU KHO TAY
87
43.5 1 rw^
43.5 1 ' f^Oyi
f 1
»7 1 Wb^ Ngudi lam uii c(T Nguiii lamlai
so SXCBTP bip an lap thl Chung
D Giay lau I lln
I Khan sach
O Chili vao tap
n Lau vao quan ao dang mac
Bilu dS 2.16. Vft dgng lau khd tay sau khi rira
Bing phuong phap di nghj ngudi SX, CBTP thuc Men ria tay trade khi ehS biin TP, qua quan sat ehtog tdi thiy:
- Cd 94.5%) ngudi dtog xa phdng va nude sach r ia tay, cdn 5.2% chi r ia tay bing nude sach khdng ding xa phdng, cd 0.3%) ngudi ding nude da d i i ^ di r ia tay (btog 2.16).
- Chi cd 2 vat dung dupe ngudi SX, CBTP ding di lau khd tay sau khi nia tay la lau btog klmn sach (87%) va 13.3% s i dimg gily lau 1 lln, cd 0.9%) chii tay vao tgp di, khdng cd tradng hop nao lau tay vao quin ao dang mac (biiu dd 2.16).
Theo cac nghiSn ciru y ti , vifc r ia tay vdi xa phdng trade khi to, sau khi dive smh hay din nhttng noi khdng dam bao vf smh se giam 50% cac bfnh trayen nhilm, ddng thdi ban chi ty If tt vong, cac chi phi tiim In vi y t i va xa hfi nhu ngudi Idn bfnh tat, khdng thi di lam din din tmh ttang thit nghifp va tte em thit hpc do bfnh tat ma khdng thi din tradng. Tuy nhien, cdng vifc ttdng chiing nhu qua don gito nay lai chua dupe nhiiu ngudi quan tam dtag mic. Kit qui dieu tta "Thuc ttgng vf sinh mdi tradng ndng thdn Vift Nam" thtog 6-2006 cua Cue Y t i du phdng va Mdi budng Vift Nam (Bd Y ti) ctag eho thiy ty If khdng r ia tay thudng xuySn cia ngudi dto ci nude kha cao, d i tay la noi tiim In cua hon bdn ttifu mim bfnh. Chtog ban, ty If khdng r ia tay hudc khi to chiim 69,7%, sau khi tiiu tifn la '79,6% va sau khi dai tifn la 68,1%). Ty If r i a tay Ihudng xuyin vdi xa phdng rit thip, chi chiim 12,8% trade khi an, 15,5% sau khi tiiu tien va 16,9%) sau khi dgi tifn. Da phin ngudi dto quan niem ehi d n r ia khi tay cd mui hdi hoac hi bto [15].
Garayoa R, va cs nghien ciiu mdi liSn quan gitta kiin thic an toto TP vdi hanh vi cia 562 smh vien (chi y iu din tt eae h i mdn khoa hpc sie khde) nhto thay cd
55
98,6% sd sinh vien thia nhan tim quan trpng cia ria tay trude va trong khi chi biin thic to, nhung ehi 24,4% xac nhto da r ia tay vdi nude va xa phdng [66].
Clayton DA va cs trong nghien ciu nhttng yiu td anh hudng din thuc hanh vc sinh ban tay cua 115 nhan viSn TP tu 29 nha hang khach san bing each quan .siil nhirng hogt dpng che bien TP cia hp, sau dd, dii tupng phai hoan thanh mpt quy trinh ve sinh bto tay. KSt qua, cd 34% tiig-c hanh vf sinh bto tay sai (p<0.05).
KSt qua nay chimg minh khdng thi cai thifn thuc hanh vf sinh ban tay chi thdng qua vifc cung cap thong tin cho dii tupng. Chuang trinh can thifp hieu qua d n tap tiung vao vifc thay ddi vto hda an loan TP cd td chic [63].
Nhu vgy, dam bao ehlt lupng VSATTP tgi eae co sd SX, CBTP dang la vln di bic xic d tat ea cac tinh, thtoh ttong ca nude. Di giai quyit ein ed nhiiu giai phap vdi su tham gia cia nhiiu cip chinh quyen trong dd quan trpng nhit vln la ngudi lam tai cac bSp ta tap tiii phai cd kiin thic dtag vi VSATTP, phai chuyin to kiin thie dtag dd thtoh hanh vi dtag thi cdng tac dam bao VSATTP tgi cae bep an tap thi mdi eai thien dupe.
3.2. Kien thic, thi i dg, hanh vi vl VATTTP cua ngudi kinh doanh TP
3.2.1. Kiin thUc vi VATTTP cua ngu&i kinh doanh TP
3.2.1.1. Kien thiic ve thuc hdnh tdt ve sinh cd nhan
Bang 2.17. Kiln thire vl thuc hanh t i t ve sinh ea nhan
^ ~ ^ ^ ^ Doi tugng
Vf sinh ca nhan ^ ^ ^ ^ Dinh ky htog nam kham sie khde va cay phto Tam ria, gdi dau trudc va sau khi di lam Giu mdng tay ngan va sgch se
Ria tay dtag qui djnh Cd quto io sgch, mu chup tdc khi tiSp xic vdi TP Btog vit thuong tay bing gac khong thim nude Khdng tiip xic vdi TP khi bibSnh Thao do trang sie d tay khi tiip xic vdi TP Khdng ding tay tiip xic hue tiep vdi TP Khdng ho, hit hoi, nhai keo,.. .tai khu ehi bien. Tra Idi du cac ndi dung
Ngirdi
n
104
131
142
76
51
41
54
54
51
60
0
banTP
Ty l f%
29.9
37.6
40.8
21.8
14.7
11.8
15.5
15.5
14.7
17.2
0.0
Ngirdi ban rong
n
83
93
87
52
28
28
70
26
63
63
0
Tylf %
23.9
26.7
25.0
14.9
8.0
8.0
20.1
7.5
I8.I
18.1
0.0
Chung
n =348
187
224
229
128
79
69
124
80
114
123
0
Ty If %
53.7
64.4
65.8
36.8
22.7
19.8
35.6
23.0
32.8
35.3
0.0
56
Nhjn xet: Chat lupng VSATTP ludn la vln di quan tam cia loan xa hpi vi nd gin liin va
anh hudng tirirc tiSp dSn sic khde cua tit ea mpi ngudi. Di cd TP an toan cto thuc hien 8 thuc hanh tdt VSATTP [53], [54].
- Thue htoh tdt sto xuat rau an toan; - Thuc hanh tdt chan nuoi, giit md; - Thuc htoh 10 nguyen tic vang chi biin TP an toan; - Thue htoh bao quto TP tit; - Thue htoh tit luu thong TP; - Thue hanh tit nhan mie TP; - Thue hanh tdt bto tay; - Thye hanh tdt vf sinli ea nhto. Nguon gde ehinh gay nhiSm khuln TP xuit phat t i hanh vi con ngudi nhu thiiu
vf sinh ca nhto, cam bic thie an, ho, khgc nhd... niu thiiu kiin thic vi thue hanh tit vf sinh ca nhto se cd nguy co eao gay ngp dpe TP.
Khi hdi sir hiiu biit vi thuc hanh tdt vf sinh ca nhan khong cd ngudi kinh doanh TP nao tta ldi ding toto bd cac npi dung, tra Idi ding tung phin thee thi tu to cae din thap nhu sau:
- Giu mdng tay ngin va sgch se 65.8%); - Tim ria, gii diu tiude va sau khi di lam 64.4%o; - Djnh ky htog nam kham sic khde va eiy phan 53.7%o; - Ria tay ding qui dinh 36.8%); - Khdng tiip xic vdi TP khi bj bfnh 35.6%; - Khong ho, hat hoi, nhai keo,... tai khu ehi biin 35.3%). - Khdng dung tay tiip xic true tiip vdi TP 32.8%); - Thio dd ttang sic d tay khi tiip xic vdi TP 23%o; - Cd quto ao sgch, mu chup tdc khi tiep xic vdi TP 22.7%); - Btog vet thuong tay bang ggc khdng tham nude 19.8%).
Nhu vgy, kiin thie ve thuc hanh tit ve sinh ca nhan cdn nhiSu ban che, chi cd 3 ndi dimg gitt mdng tay ngan va sgch se, cto djnh ky kham sic khoe va cay phto; cto tam ria, gdi dau trudc va sau khi lam dgt tt 50% trd lin (btog 2.17).
Theo thdng ke chua day d i cia Bp Y tS tt nam 1999 din nam 2004, ea nude cd 1.386 vu ngp dpe TP, trpng dd cd tdi 1.056 vu ngp dde la do TADP va bip an tap the gay ra. Nguyen nhto cia tinh trgng ttSn, trudc hSt li do nhiSu dia phuang chua thuc su quan tam din cdng tac bao dam vf sinh, an toan T A D P , chua cd quy hogch cho loai hinh djeh vu nay; cdng tac thdng tin, giao due, traySn thong ehua dupe day manh. Ngudi budn bto va ngudi tiSu ding cdn thiiu kiin thic ve VSATTP; su phdi hpp lien nganh ehua ddng bd; cdng tac thanh tta, kiem tra chua thudng xuySn va viec x i ly cac hanh vi vi pham chua nghiSm; chua huy dpng dupe su tham gia cia cic td chic xa hpi vap cdng tac giam sat vf sinh, an toto TADP [7].
Okojie OH va cs thue hien mft cufc khao sat vi nhto thie va hanh vi cia nhitng ngudi bto thic to hogt d^ng d khu vue tradng dgi hpc Nigeria. Ket qua, 90/102 ngudi (88,2%) tham gia tra ldi la phu nO, hp cd kiin thic ve sinh TP rat kem [63].
Zain MM, Naing NN phdng vln 430 ngudi bto TP d quto Kota Bhara (Malaysia, 2020) flily 48.4% ed kiin thic kem vi an toan TP [69].
57
3.2.1.2. Kiin thiic vi nhan mdc cua TP
Bang 2.18. Kiln thic vi nhan mac eua TP
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Dii tirgng
Nhan mac T P ^ ^ ^ ^ TSnTP Ten, dja ehi eo sd sto xuit TI"
Djnh lupng cua TP Chi tieu chit lupng chi ySu cia TP Ngay sto xuat, hgn s i dgng va bap quto TP Hudng din bao quto va s i dung TP Xuat x i cia TP
Dtog cac npi dung
Ngudi ban TP
n
135
99
26
33
119
78
113 1
Ty If %
38.8
28.4
7.5
9.5
34.2
22.4
32.5 0.3
Ngudi ban rong
n
122
70
32
27
111
50
61 0
Ty If %
35.1
20.1
9.2
7.8
31.9
14.4
17.5 0.0
Chung
n=348
257
169
58
60
230
128
174 1
Ty If %
73.9
48.6
16.7
17.2
66.1
36.8
50.0 0.3
NhSn x^t: Theo diiu 35 tai phap Ifnh VSATTP, nhan TP phai cd cac noi dung co ban sau
day: TSn htog hda, tSn va dja chi cia thuong nhto ehju trach nhiem ve hang hoa, dinh luong htog, thanh phin d u tao, ehi tieu chit lupng chu yiu, ngay san xuit, thdi gian s i dung va bao quan, xuat x i cua TP [20].
Kit qua nghien eiu cia ching toi chi cd 1 ngudi kinh doanh TP (0.6%) tra ldi dtag toto bp cac qui djnh ghi tren nhto, mac cac TP bao gdi sin va cd 3 npi dung: ten TP; ngay sto xuit, thdi hgn s i dung; xuit x i cua TP cd ty if ngudi kinh doanh TP tra ldi dtag >50%) (bang 2.18). Nhu vay kiin thie qui djnh vS nhto mac cia ngudi kinh doanh TP cdn han che.
3.2.1.3. Biiu kiin TP duac bdn
Mpi ngudi diu cd quyin ttdng dpi TP ma minh to udng phai duac an toto va phi hop. Benh tat v i tin thuong mang din tt TP la khd ehju nhit, tham chi edn cd thS gay tt vong. TP ma bj hu hdng cdn gay Itog phi, tin hao, va ed thi anh hudng xau tdi vifc budn bto va tin nhiem cia ngudi kinh doanh TP.
Di TP din tay ngudi tiSu dung dam bao chit lupng VSATTP thi nhung ngudi kinh doanh TP phai biit eae diiu kifn TP cd thi ban dupe tii thiiu la edn ban s i dung; khdng mic, hu hdng; biit rd ngudn gie; ed nhto mac.
Kit qua cia chtag tdi ehi ed 25%) s i ngudi tta ldi ding 4 tiSu chuan tren (biSu dd 2.17). Bay la con sd kha khiim tdn, ein dugc ctag ci ttong thdi gian dSn di ngudi kinh doanh TP cd thSm kiin thic vi vin di nay.
58
-1
->•
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
^ 1 . 9
42
C6nhan
diuig
DIEU KIEN TP DU'OC BAN
^ ^ . 4
^~~~^ ^ ) . 4
^ ^ . 1
Khong CO nhan Biet r6 Ehi cac npi
n'wc iTHc iigiion goc dung
1 —•— NgifCfj \
ban TPII
-•—Ngirai ban rong 1
Chung
Bieu do 2.17. Bieu kifn TP duge ban
3.2.2. Thai df hanh vi vl VSATTP cua nguoi kinh doanh TP
3.2.2. 1. Chieu cao bdy hdng de bdn
1 CHIEU CAO BAY HANG DE B A N
TY LE %
lOOi
80-|
i f\ '' M. l\ 20 ^ [_J
56.61 1
• '
Ngirai ban Ngircri ban Chung thirc pham rong
• Cach mat dat >60cm
D Cach mat dat <60ciTi
-
Bieu d^ 2.18. Cbilu cao biy bang d l b i n
Nb|fl xet: Theo quy djnh cia Bd Y tS, kinh doanh TP jihai bto dam 10 tiSu chuto, dd la:
d i nude sgch, cd dvmg cu gip thie to chin, khdng di lin thie to chin va sdng; nai ehS
59
bien TP phai sach, each bift ngudn d nhiSm nhu edng ranh, rac thai, cdng ttmh vS sinh, noi bay bto gia sic, gia cim; ngudi lam dich vu chi biin thic to phai dupe tap huto kien thic va kham sic khde djnh ky, nhto viSn deo tap di, khiu ttang, m i khi bto htog; khdng s i dung phu gia va mau TP; thic to phai dupe bay bto ttSn gia cao han 60cm, phai dupe bay bto ttong tt kinh va bao gdi hpp vS sinh; cd dgng cu dung chlttiiai... [10].
Khi tiSn hanh diiu tta chtag tdi thiy chi cd 43.4%) ngudi kinh doanh bay thic to ttSn eao > 60cm, sd cdn Igi (56.6%) khdng tiiuc hifn dupe nhu tren (biiu di 2.18).
3.2.2.2. Thuc hdnh nia tay Bing 2.19. Thdi dilm rua tay
^~~^~--^^ Doi tugng
Thai dilm ri« tay ^ ^ ~ ^ ~ - ~ , ^ ^
Sau khi di vf sinh Trade khi tiip xic vdi TP Sau khi dd rac hay tiip xic vdi TP bi d nhiSm Sau khi xi miii Sau khi sd vao tdc, tai... Sau khi hit thuoc li Toto bd thdi diim ttSn
Ngudi ban TP
n
166 98
117
98 48 28 0
TJlf %
47.7 28.2
33.6
28.2 13.8 8.0 0.0
Ngudi ban rong
n
152 115
84
46 33 17 0
Tylf %
43.7 33.0
24.1
13.2 9.5 4.9 0.0
Chung
n =348 318 213
201
144 81 45 0
T^If %
91.4 61.2
57.8
41.4 23.3 12.9 0.0
RtTA TAY BANG TYLE%
91.4
D Ngudi bto TP
• Ngudi ban rong
D Chung
Xa phdng, nude sach Nude da dung
nude sach
Bien d5 Z19. Thip: banh rua tay bing
60
TY LE % VAT DUNG LAU ICHO TAY
91.4
D Ngirai bati TP
• Ngiroi ban rong
n Chung 1
Bilu do 2.20. V$t dgng dl lau kho tay
Nhgn xet: cac chuyen gia y tS khtog dinh bto tay la mdt "diSm trung chuyin" quan ttpng
eua cac vuus gay bfnh bdi nd la cong eg lam vifc, giao tiip. MSi cm^ da ngudi ed din 40.000 vi khuln va eon sd nay cao hon rat nhiiu d bto tay. Chinh vi vgy r ia tay sach la mpt each phdng ngia quan ttpng ddi vdi cae bfnh traySn nhiim. Theo tiin sT Trinh Quang Huto, ddng tac nay lam giam 35% nguy ca My traySn bfnh tieu ehay, 17-45%) nguy CO nhiim khuln dudng hd hap. Ngay ca vdi nhirng cto bfnh nguy hiem gay chit ngudi htog logt nhu H5N1, SARS, r ia tay ctag dupe cpi la loai "vacxin" re tiin mang Igi hifu qua eao [16].
Khi kinh doanh TP, dac bift TP to sto, ttong suot qua trinh tt chuto bj, chS biSn dSn phto chia thic to lie nao ctag cto bto tay cia ngudi bto TP, ehi cto bto tay cia hp khdng sgch se i i ngudn dua vi sinh vat vao thic to, dac bift thic to ngay. Chinh vi vay, ttong tam thuc hanh tdt VSATTP thi cd thgre hanh tdt bto tay, ttong do ein luu y:
- Thdi diim r ia tay: phii nia tay sau khi di vf smh, trude khi tiip xuc vdi TP; sau khi dd rac hay sau khi tiip xic vdi TP d nhiSm; sau khi xi mui; sau khi hit thudc la, sau khi dd ric hoto tiip xic TP d nhiim [53]. Nhtmg qua diiu tia chtag toi thiy khdng cd mpt ngudi kmh doanh TP nao thuc hifn r ia tay ca 6 thdi diem theo qui djnh (bang 2.19), day cung chmh la nguySn nhto gay nhiSm khuto thic to, ma hgu qua la gay cac vu ngd dpe dtog tiic xay ra.
- Khi r i a tay d n phai r i a 1^ tay bing xa phdng va nude sgch, diSu nay da duac ngudi kinh doanh TP thirc hifn tdt (cd 91.4% ngudi thvrc hifn dtag); nhung ctag cdn 8%) chi r ia tay vdi nude sgch, 0.6%i r ia tay vdi nude da dtag rdi (biiu dd 2.19).
Hiu hit nhing ngudi kmh doanh TP lau tay bing khto saeh sau khi r ia (91.4%)), lau bang giiy lau I lin chi ed 12.1%, riSng cac thdi quen khdng tdt nhu lau khd vdi tap di hoac ao quin dang mjc thi vSn cdn nhung thip (diu 2.3%)) (bieu dd 2.20).
Theo ong Trin Dtog, Cgc tradng Cyc An toto vf smh TP, ttong vdng 3 nam ttd day da cd ttSn 55 vu ngp ddc TP do T A D P gay ra lam hon 1.300 ngudi tt vong. Dieu tra mdi day cia Bp Y t i v i TADP tgi 11 dja phuang cho thiy, hiu hit bto tay cia ngudi kinh doanh, chi biin T A D P diu bj nhiSm vi khuto E.coli nhu Ha Npi la 43,42%, TPHCM 67,5%, Da Ning 70,7%. [39].
Nhu vay, dam bap cd bto tay sach ttong chi biin, ban TP etog la diiu can thiit ma ngudi kinh doanh TP cto phai dupe trang bi.
3.2.2.3. Logi vdt dung gdi TP cho khdch hdng
Bang 2.20. Logi v^t dgng gdi TP eho khach bang
^^561 tugng Nguyen lifu —^^^ Giiy bao
Blngia
Bao ny ldng sgch
Dvmg eg saeh
Ngudi bin TP n 29 12
154
46
Ty If % 8.3 3.4
44.3
13.2
Ngudi n 15 12
147
22
ban rong Ty If %
4.3 3.4
4.0
6.3
Ting n=348
44 24
310
68
Tj- If % 12.6 6.9
86.5
19.5
Nbfn xet: Trong thuc t i hifn nay, cac dimg cu gdi TP nhu bao nylon, hop xdp... bto vdi gia
re, ttong khi kiin thie cia khach htog ctag dupe ntog cao, do vay phto ddng cac quto htog rong diu thtrc hien dupe. Qua quan sat chtag tdi nhto thiy hifn tai da sd dtog bao nyldng di gdi TP cho kMeh htog (86.5%), dgng cu sgch la 19J%; giiy bao la 12.6%, thip nhit dtag la 6.9% (btog 2.20). Nhung kit qua nay chi qua quan sat, thire t i cac dung eu dimg thic to cd nhiim khuln hay khdng edn phii thvrc hifn xet nghifm mdi khing dinh dupe.
3.2.2.4. Nai mua TP
NOl MUA THUC PHAM
60 n
50 1
^ 40
•>- 30 i-
10 H
0
-Ngiroi cung cap thirong xuyen
Nguoi ban TP ngu6i ban rong Chung
Biiu ad 2.21. Ncri mua TP
62
Nhgn xit: De TP khdng gay ngp dde cin mua nguySn lifu ttoi sdng, cd ngudn gdc rd
rtog, dtog tm cfy, an toto, khdng d nhiim khi bao quto, vgn chuyin. Mudn vgy, ngudi mua htog phai chpn dupe nai bto htog tin cay di biit rd ngudn gie TP dd tt dau? chat lupng TP nhu thi nao..., mpt ttong nhing bien phap tit phai mua htog tt nhung ngudi eung cap TP thudng xuySn, cd uy tin. Qua diiu tta chtag tdi thiy nhing not ngtrdi kmh doanh TP fliudng mua n^uySn lifu vi chi biin chi yiu mua tt ngudi cung cap tiiudng xuyen (56.9%); tiip dSn mua d siSu thj (41.4%), thip nhit mua d ehp (23.6%)) (bieu dd 2.21). Nhu vay cdn 23.6% TP dupe ngudi kinh doanh TP mua tgi cho, day la noi khd kiim soat dupe nguon goc, nguy eo khdng dam bao ATVSTP rat eao.
3.2.2.5. Ndi dung kiem tra khi mua nguyin lieu
1
90
80
70
5^60
- 50
•^ 40
30
20
10
0
L_.
NOI DUNG KIEM TRA KHI MUA TP
. .42
^ ~ ^ ^ 1 . 8
- ^^^N. ^^^^^^1*
' ' T).o Han dimg Nguon goc Hinh dang ben Du cac noi
ngoai dung tren
—•—Nguai' ban TP;,
! —•— Ngirai |
ban rong
—«i—Chung
Bieu do 2.22. N$i dung kiem tra kbi mua nguyin lifu
Nhfnxet: Vifc chpn mua nguydn lifu vi chi biin TP ctag la khto quan ttpng, khi biit
chpn TP edn hgn dtag, ed ngudn gde rd rtog, via ed gia trj dmh dudng via dam bao VSATTP thl via cd btta to ngon, via dam bao an toto VSTP. Chtah vi vjy, ngudi mua TP phai biit tdi thiiu ba ndi dung ein kiim tta trade khi mua nguyen lifu la han dtog, ngudn gde TP va hhih dgng bin ngoai cia TP. Qua diiu tra chtag tdi thiy ty If nguoi tra ldi ^ y di cac npi dung chi cd 4.6%, day la tin tgi dn phai hudng din di ngudi kinh doanh TP cd them kiin thic va ky ntog ttong qud trinh chpn mua TP.
63
3.2.2.6. Diiu kien nai kinh doanh TP L
E%
)
H
i 1 1
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
DIEU KIEN NOl KINH DOANH TP
>78.4
/ / / ^ '
^--^/||-
Ngudi ban TP ngudi bto Chung rong
• Cao rao thoang unit
B Sach .se
Khong CO ruoi, nhang, con triing
Bieu do 2.23. Dieu kifn noi kinh doanh TP
Nhgn xet: Di giam nguy co nhiSm khuto TP ddi hdi nai kinh daanh TP phai sach se,
khdng ed eon trtag, noi bay htog phai eao rao, each bift ngudn 6 nhiim nhu cdng, ranh, rac thai, cdng trinh vf smh, noi bay bto gia sic, gia cam...Nhung thuc te, nhtog ngudi kinh doanh TP thudng bto d via he, ben xe, nha ga, gde phd, chp hay bit e i noi dau cd ngudi qua Igi. Do vay, nguy co vi khuto phat tto tt ngudn d nhiem vao TP la khdng ttanh khdi.
Nghien eiu cia Bii Ngpc Lto " T A D P va cac nguy co cho s i c khde" cho thiy ttSn 40%) sd co sd djeh vu TADP khdng dam bao ySu ciu vf smh.
Kit qua ciia chtag toi hiu hit nhiing ngudi kinh doanh TP diu bay htog noi cao rto, tiiotog mat (78.4%), noi saeh se (70.1%), noi khdng cd cin trtag (56.3%)
Thing ke cia cue An toto vf smh TP ttong bio cao ting kit 3 nam dam bao ve sinh an toto TADP cho thiy, nguySn nhto ngp dpe do noi bto htog, ttang thiit bi va dvmg cu niu nudng khdng ffim bao vf sinh chiSm 37- 88%
64
3.3. Kiin th ic , thai do, hanh vi vi VSATTP eua ngudi tieu dung
3.3.1. Kiin Ihiic vi VSATTP cda ngu&i tiiu dung
3.3.1.1. Hieu duffc ly do gdy ngd dpe TP
Bang 2.21. Hiiu dngc ly do gay ngg dge TP \„^^ Huyfn,
Ngi dung ^ \
Sur dyng chdt bao quan, phy gia TP khong cho phep hoac qua HSu lu^ng quy dinh B% TP tidp xuc true tiep hoac gan noi 6 nhiem Khong rua tay truac khi chu5n bi TP, thiic M De thiic an qua dem, nhiet dO thucmg qua 3 gia, khong che day thiic an, cac lo^ con trung gam nhSm, ruoi nhang va cac dong vat khac tiep xiic gay 6 nhiem. Dung chung dao, that dd iSn TP s6ng voi thiic an chin Riia TP, dung cu an uong biing nuac nhidm ban NSu TP chua chin hoSc khong dun soi truac khi &n. Dung khSn bSn de lau dung cu an uong Nguoi che bien TP mac cac b$nh truydn nhiem, ia chdy, nhiem trung a da... Dii 9 tidu chi
Tai
n =128
39
35
76
93
63
44
27
31
22
1
nKy
Tyl? %
30.5
27.3
59.4
72.7
49.2
34.4
21.1
24.2
17.2
0.8
Nii Thanh
n =110
59
92
68
81
54
32
27
17
16
Tylf %
53.6
83.6
61.8
73.6
49.1
29.1
24.5
15.5
14.5
1 0.3
Hifp Die
n =88
63
55
46
75
13
10
7
8
12
4
Ty if %.
71.6
62.5
52.3
85.2
14.8
11.4
8.0
9.1
13.6
4.5
Nam Tra Mv
n=33
17
24
20
20
16
14
21
10
17
Tylf %,
51.5
72.7
60.6
60.6
48.5
42.4
63.6
30.3
51.5
I 1 3.0 1
n=359
178
2U6
210
269
146
100
82
66
67
Tylf %
49.6
1 57.4
58.5
74.9
40.7
27.9
22.8
18.4
18.7 !
7 1 1.9
65
Nhan xet:
. _ Ngd ddc TP la mpt tinh ttang benh ly xay ra do an hay udng phai cac thuc an bi o nhiSm cac chat ddc hgi ddi vdi sue khoe con ngudi. DS phdng tranh ngd doc cto phai biet nguySn nhto nao dua din tinh ttgng ngp ddc do, nhung qua kit qua nghiSn ciu Chung tdi thay chi cd 1.9% ngudi tieu ding biit diy du cac nguyen nhan gay ngd ddc (bang 2.21), tuy nhiSn hiSu ting ly do gay ngp doc TP la khd tdt: cd din 74,9% ngudi cho rtog dS thic an d nhift dp thudng ttSn 3 gid, khong che day va dS cae loai edn ming tiep xic; khdng r ia tay ttudc khi chuin bi TP, thic an la 58,5%; di TP tiip xic ttirc tiSp hoac gan noi d nhiSm chiim 57,4%; s i dung chit bao quan, phu gia TP khdtig cho phep hoac qua liiu lupng quy djnh chiim 49,6%); dung chung dao, thdt va dS l_to TP sdng vdi thie to^ chin la 40,7%; va nhttng y kiin khac nhu dung nude bj nhiSm bto, dung khto lau bin, khdng dun sdi thic an ttirde khi an...
Trong nghiSn eiu cia Roseman M va cdng su (cs) phan tich nhing dtt lieu cia CO quan quto ly thudc va TP cua My (FDA) tt cupc khae sat 728 ngudi tieu dung d Kenttcky vi nhgn thic vS nguy co bj bfnh do TP. Kit qud, cd mdi lien quan cd y nghTa gitta nhan thic va htoh vi. Nhin chung, ngudi cd nhan thiic cao hon se cd hanh vi an toto TP tdt ban.
Garayoa R, va cs nghiSn ciu mdi lien quan giua kiin thic an toan TP vdi hanh vi cia 562 sinh viSn tgi 'Tay Ban Nha (chu yiu din t i cac bp mon khoa hpc sic khde) nhto thay cd ban 2/3 sd sinh viSn cd kiin thie dung vi 8 nguySn nhan gay bfnh dudng TP theo nhu yeu elu [70].
DS ntog cao hon nua kiin thic cho ngudi tiSu ding, chung ta d n quan tam ttog eudng eong tac ttuyin thdng vi VSATTP tai cac dja phuang. Cd thi ndi, mdt su hiSu biSt tdt ban vi nhto thie va hanh vi an toan TP cia ngudi tieu dung se giip chtog ta cd mdt chuong trinh giao due an toan TP hifu qua.
3.3.1.2. Kien thuc chpn cdc logi rau qud
Bang 2.22. Kien thic chgn eae loai rau qua
• Huyf n, TP
Ngi dung ^X.^
Tuoi
Khong bj dap nat Khong cd mau sac la Khdng cd miii vjla Bu 4 tieu chi
TamKy
n =128
125
72
30
13 7
Tylf %
97.7
56.3
23.4
10.2 5.5
Nui Thanh
n =110
108
70
36
14 54
Tyle %)
98.2
63.6
32.7
12.7 49.1
Hifp Die
n =88
88
60
8
7 4
Tylf %
100. 0
68.2
9.1
8.0 4.5
Nam Tra My
n= 33 31
24
4
8
0
Tyle %.'
93.9
72.7
12.1
24.2 0.0
C h u n g '
n=359
352
226
78
42 16
T>lc %
98.1
63.0
21.7
11.7 4.5
66
NhSn xet: Trong btta to gia dinh Vift Nam khdng thi thiiu rau, cu, qua. T i xa xua, ong
ba ta da ndi "Com khdng rau nhu dau khdng thudc" di thiy dupe tim quan trpng cua rau xanh trong cac btta to. Rau cung d p cac loai vitamin va chit xo. TrSn btog 2.22 cho ta thay ngudi tiSu ding da chpn cac Ipgi rau, ci, qua dam bao du 4 tiSu chi VSATTP chi cd 4.5%).
3.3.1.3. Chpn thit luai
Bang 2.23. Chgn thjt tuoi
\ Huyf n, TP
Nfi dung \.^
Mang ngoai khd
Mui va mau sic binh thudng
Khoi thit rto chac Da khong cd nhung not xuat huyet mau do tim Ngon tay an vao thit tao thanh vet 16m nhung khdng de lai diu vet khi nhac ngon tay ra Thit khong dupe CO au triing sto mau ttIng nho bang hat gao
Du 6 tieu chuto
TamKy
n =128
15
109
61
38
22
26
1
Tylf Vo
11.7
85.2
47.7
29.7
17.2
20.3
0.8
Nui Thanh
n =11
0
24
102
63
56
18
15
1
Tylf Vo
21.8
92.7
57.3
50.9
16.4
13.6
0.9
Hifp Dire
n =88
14
67
52
41
9
11
3
Tylf %
15.9
76.1
59.1
46.6
10.2
12.5
3.4
Nam Tra My
n= 33
3
23
15
7
3
18
0
Tylf %
9.1
69.7
45.5
21.2
9.1
54.5
0.0
Chung
n=359
56
301
191
142
52
70
5
Tylf %
15.6
83.8
53.2
39.6
14.5
19.5
1.4
Nh^n xet: Thjt bd sung chit dam va nhiiu chit dinh duong giip co the phat irien. 1 ii>
nhiSn eae loai thvrc phim nay chi dem Igi tae dung tdt khi ching ta lua chpn dam bao tmh an toto nhu ttoi, khdng cd mii, vj Ig..., kit qua diiu tta cia ching tdi eho ta thay ngudi tiSu ding da chpn thit dim bao d i 6 tiSu chi VSATTP chi cd 1,4% (btog 2.23).
67
3.3.1.4. ChQn cd tuai
Bang 2.24. Chpn ca tiroi
\ H u y f n, T P
Nf i dung \s.^^
Thto ca chic, khi de len b to tay thto ca khdng thong xudng
Mat trong suot, giac mgc dto hoi Mifng ngam cing
Mang do tuoi
Vay ong anh, dinh chat thto
Bung binh thudng, hgu mon thut sau va mau trang nhat. Khi cit thiy thit ca r to chac, d to hoi, dinh chat vao xuong song
Du 7 tieu chuto
T a m K y
n =12
8
61
103
23
no 68
9
37
3
T y l f
%
47.7
80.5
18.0
85.9
53.1
7.0
28.9
2.3
Nlii Thanh
n =110
71
100
36
80
29
13
26
1
Tyl f %
64.5
90.9
32.7
72.7
26.4
11.8
23.6
0.9
Hifp D i e
n =88
67
72
22
56
19
11
16
3
Ty l f %
76.1
81.8
25.0
63.6
21.6
12.5
18.2
3.4
Nam Tra My
n= 33
10
1 1
11
20
1
6
10
0
Tyl f Vo
30.3
33 3
33.3
60.6
3.0
18.2
30.3
0.0
Chung
n=359
209
2S(.
92
266
117
39
89
7
Ty l f
%
58.2
7M.7
25.6
74.1
32.6
10.9
24.8
1.9
NhSn xet:
ca la logi TP thdng dung dupe ngudi dto dung trong cac btta to bi sung protide, canxi cho co thi eon ngudi. Nhtmg niu ching ta ding ca uon di ehS bien thie to thi nd s8 la nguyen nhto gay ngd ddc. Vi vgy biit each chpn ca ttoi la kiSn thie d n thiit eho mdi ngudi npi trp. Nhung khi hdi each chpn ca ngudi tiSu dung nSu du 7 tiSu chi v i VSATTP chi ed 1.9% (btog 2.24).
Viec khdng biit chpn ea dam bao VSATTP se la nguySn nhto gay ra cac vu ngd die dtog tiie xay ra. Tgi Nhat Ban la nude cd nin edng nghiep phat teiSn mgnh ddng thdi eOng la nude ma su d nhilm moi ttudng da lam eho hang ngto ngudi chSt vi to phai ca hi nhilm thuy ngto [64]. Nam 1994, xay ra vu ngp ddc gay tieu ehay cd 16/25 ngudi mic do to mvic, va 40 trudng hop khae do to hai sto bi nhiem khuan chua nlu chin ky tgi Hai Phdng.
Tit ca cac diiu nay da ching td ngudi dto ed hiiu biit v i each chpn cae leai TP
rau qua, thit, ea dam bao VSATTP cdn chua dam bao.
68
3.3.1.5. Cdch chpn TP bao gdi sdn
Bang 2.2S. Chgn TP bao goi sin
\ Huyf n, TP
Nf i d u n g \ ^
TenTP
Ten, dja chi co sd sto xuit TP Dinh luang cua TP Chi tieu chat lupng chu yiu cuaTP Ngay SX, thdi han SD, thdi hgn bao quto Hudng dto bao quto, s i dung
Xuat x i cua TP
Du 7 tieu chi
TamKy
n =128
94
14
21
48
41
17
116
2
Tylf %
73.4
10.9
16.4
37.5
32.0
13.3
90.6
1.6
Nui Thinh
n =11
0
78
32
25
48
55
7
95
1
Tylf %
70.9
29.1
22.7
43.6
50.0
6.4
86.4
0.9
Hifp Die
n =88
54
18
21
19
43
8
75
1
Tylf %
61.4
20.5
23.9
21.6
48.9
9.1
85.2
1.1
Nam Tra My
n= 33
22
0
0
12
16
0
31
0
Tylf %
66.7
0.0
0.0
36.4
48.5
0.0
93.9
0.0
Chung
n=359
248
64
67
127
155
32
317
4
Tylf %
69.1
17.8
18.7
35.4
• 43.2
8.9
88.3
1.1
Nhan xet:
Trong cupe sdng hifn dai, TP chi biSn sto la nhttng sto pham di lien vdi ddi sing htog ngay cua mdi gia dinh. Diiu lo nggi duy nhat la chat lupng cua TP che bien sin vi ham lupng chit bao quan va phu gia TP. NSu la ngudi tieu dung thong thai, moi ngudi dto cin tt bao vf chinh bto than bang each tim den nhttng san pham ciia cac nha sto xuit uy tm. Vdi hp, chi nhttng nguyen lifu, phu gia dgt tiSu chuan chat lupng va ed ngudn gdc xuit x i rd rtog mdi dupe phep s i dung vao qua ttinh ehS biSn. Thtoh phim ehi biin cia nhttng nha san xuit cd uy tin dSu phai ttai qua nhung dpt kiem tta ehlt lupng trudc khi dupe dua ra tiSu thvi ttSn thi ttudng.
Tai btog 2.25 eho ta thiy ngudi tiiu dtag biit duoe each chpn TP bap gdi sin d i 7 tiiu chi VSATTP chi cd 1,1%. Phin Idn ngudi tieu dung chi quan tSm xuit xu eua TP chiim 88,3%; tSn TP chiim 69,1%; ngay sto xuit, thdi hgn s i dung, bao quto la 43,2%; chi tiSu chit lupng chi yiu cia TP la 35,4%; djnh lupng cia TP 18,7%; tSn, dja chi ca sd sto xuit TP 17,8%; hudng din bao quan, s i dung la 8,9%.
Tgi Osaka-Nhat Bto (6/2000), cd 14.700 ngudi bj ngp doe do udng stta tuoi
logi beo ddng hop giiy SNOW, do khdng dam bao eae quy ttinh, che d i ve sinh sto
xuit mdt each nghiSm nggt.
69
3.3.1.6. Nhiing ddu hieu ciia TP khdng nin su dung
Bang 2.26. Din hifu cua TP khdng uen s i dung XHuyf n, TP
Ngi d u n g \
Da bi hu hong, mic, nim... Co chat bao quto, phim mau cua cac co sd khdng dtog ky chat luong Cac TP con nghi ngd, chua biet rd ng. gie Du 3 tieu chuto
Tam Ky
n =128
120
40
50
17
Tylf %
93.8
31.3
39.1
13.3
Nui Thinh
n =110
108
76
86
64
Tylf %
98.2
69.1
78.2
58.2
Hifp Dire
n =8 8
86
53
80
51
Tylf %
97.7
60.2
90.9
58.0
Nam Tra My
n=3 3
32
8
12
2
Tyle Vo
97.0
24.2
36.4
6.1
Chung
n=359
346
177
228
134
Tyle %
96.4
49.3
63.5
37.3
Nhan xet:
TP la ngudn dinh dudng cho co thS con ngudi de duy tri cudc sdng, cung cap ntog lupng CO bto va ntog lupng cin thiit che mpi hoat ddng ehic eua eo thi, cung cap protein, vitamin nhim tao te bao mdi, cac hormone... nham phat trien eo the. Nhtmg niu thic to bj bien ddi thanh nhttng chit khac, khdng mang lai lpi ich cho co thi ve ntog lupng va tao tS bao, ngupe Igi tgo ra cac chat dde hgi eho co thS, dto den xuit hifn nhihig trieu chirng va dau hifu cia ngp ddc sau khi to, udng nhurng thuc to do.
Kit qua nghiSn ciu cia ching tdi thiy cd 37,3%) ngudi tieu ding chua biet du 3 diu hifu cia TP khdng nSn dtag. Nhttng ngudi tiSu dung khac chi biit ttoig diu hieu nhu 96,4%) khdng s i dung TP hi hu hdng, mdc, nim...; 63,5% khing s i dung TP cdn nghi ngd, chua biit rd ngudn gdc; 49,3%) khdng s i dung TP cd chat bao quan. pham mau cia cac co sd khong dtog ky chit lupng (btog 2.26). Kit qua nay cho thay kiin thic vi cac diu hieu eua TP khdng nSn ding eua ngudi tieu dung cdn thiiu. trong do ngudi tiSu dtag cdn it quan tam nhit la TP cd chit bao quto, phim mau cua cac co sd khing dtog ky ehlt lupng.
Theo sd Ufu thing kS cia Cue ATVSTP trong nam 2007 ctag cho thiy ty If ngudi tiSu dtog cd kiin thic va thvic hanh ding vi VSATTP cia ca nude la 46,2% [16]. Byrd-Bredbenner C va es thvrc hien mpt cu^c khap sat true ttySn tPto quoc tai My nam 2007 vdi 4343 thanh nien. Kit qua, chi cd 60% tta Idi ding nhung cau hdi vi kiin thie an toto TP [61].
70
3.3.1.7. Cdch bdo qudn thuc dn
Bang 2.27. Cach bao qu^n thi^c Sn
^ H u y f n, TP
N$i d u n g ^ ^
Che day btog vung, ldng bto
Tikinh
Khdng che day
TamKy
n =128
118
71
5
Tylf % 92.2
55.5
3.9
Nui Thanh
n =110
98
45
0
Ty If %>
89.1
40.9
0.0
Hifp D ie
n =88
81
35
1
Tylf Vo
92.0
39.8
1.1
Nam Tra My
n=3 3
31
2
0
Tylf %
93.9
6.1
0.0
Chung
n=359
328
153
6
Tylf %
91.4
42.6
1.7
Nhfn %it:
Cic loai TP mudn di lai khdng bj hu, thii, biin chit ctag d n mdt svr hiiu biit nhit djnh vi ky thuat bao quto. Tgi btog 2.27 eho ta thiy ngudi tieu dtag nhgn biit dupe cae eieh di bap quto thic to la phi hpp nhu: Che dgy bing vung, long bto chiim 91,2%; di ttong tt khih chiim 42,6% va cd 1,7% cho ring khdng d n che dgy.
3.3.1. 8. Rira sgch rau qua tnr&c ichi nau, dn
RITA RAU TRT/OC KHI N A U , AN
80
701
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 2lto
Biiu do 2.24. R i a sgch ran qua trude khi nau, an
Nh$n xet:
Rau qua la nguin cung eip vitamm va chit xo cho eo thi eon ngudi, nd edn
giip phdng ngia ri i logn lipide mau, nguySn nhto quan ttpng gay eae bfnh 1; tim
mach Tuy nhiSn, hiSn nay rau qua bi S nhilm hpa chit bao vf thvic vat kha ttSm ttpfig,
ttong bao cao Hdi nghi Khoa hpc VSATTP nam 200Iehp thiy:
TT
I 2 3 4 5 b
'/ 8 9
Tfn rau qua Kau mudng Rau ngdt Rau cai Blp cai Dfu dua Dua chupt Nhpndi Tao Trung Qude LS Trung Qude
Ty If 0 nhilm hoa chat bao vf thue vat (%) 83,00 68,00 91,00 30,00 50,00 100,00 50,00 50,00 50,00
Do vay, khi s i dyng rau qua d n phai biit lua chpn dung va vln di quan trpng la phai r ia sgch ttudc khi chi biin hojc to.
DS ria rau qua sach cin phai qua cae budc: loai bd cdc chit bin, cac vgt la lln vao TP nhu sgn, ldng tdc... va cae phin rau qua bim dap, hu hdng. Sau dd phai ria ky dudi vdi nude ehay hoae thay nude ria 3-4 lan, eae logi qua d n gpt sach vd.
Khi tien hanh phdng vin ngudi tieu dtog vi vln di nay thiy 75.5%) ngudi tiSu dtag r ia rau tten 3 lln trude khi to, 19.2%) ria rau 2 lin va ehi cd 5%) ngudi tieu ding r ia rau 1 lln (biiu dd 2.24). Day ehinh la ly do gay ngp doe TP thudng xay ra tai cac bua to gia dinh thiiu vf sinh. Tai Nha Trang, theo Bui Trpng Chiin, Vien Quang Mai diSu tta 153 ttudng hpp mic benh trong vu dich 1994 cho thiy 35,8%) si mle do dtog giai khat cd da va 41,9%) dtag cac thic to tuoi sing. Do vay, cin cd nhttng nd luc lien tuc vS s i dung an toto thie to gia dinh di giip bao ve sic khde. Ddng thdi ngudi tieu dtog ctag cin nhto dupe nhieu thdng tm ban ve su dung TP d gia dinh hp va co hiiu biet tdt ban vS tam quan ttpng cia viec s i dung thic to thich hop di du phdng benh doTP.
3.3.2. Thai dp, hdnh vi vi VSATTP cda ngu&i tiiu diing
3.3.2.1. Di riing TP sdng vd chin
Bang 2.28. B i rif ng TP sing va chin
^-.-^^^ Noi dung
Huyen/TP ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ TamKy(n=128) Nui Thinh (n =110) H i i p D i c ( n = 8 8 ) Nam Tra My (n=33) Chung (n=359)
DS rieng TP sdng v4 chin
n 125 110 84 33
352
Ty If % 97.7 100 95.4 100 98.1
SS ehung hai loai TP song va chin
n 3 0 4 0 7
Ty If % 0.3 0.0 4.6 0.0 1.9
Nh$n xet: Niu di chung thic to chin vdi thic to sdng sS gay ra tinh ttgng nhiim khuto
chio to thie to sdng sang thic to chto. Do dd, cae logi thjt sdng khdng dS lln vdi cac TP chm. Tgi btog 2.28 eho ta thiy ngudi tiSu dtag da ed thvrc hanh khi chS biin va bao quto TP rit tdt; cd 98,I%i ngudi tiSu dtog biit di riing TP sing va chin. Day la
yiu eau bat budc dii vdi mpi ngudi khi tham gia chi biin hoae bao quto TP; diiu dd da cho ta thay ngudi tieu dtag da thvrc hanh rat tdt vi vln di nay. Tuy nhien, vto cdn 7 ngudi (1,9%) khdng thvtc hanh ding yeu cau nay la cdn di chung ca hai logi TP song va chm vdi nhau ttong chi biin va bao quto; chtog ta cin tiip tue trayen thdng di hp thire hanh dung ban. Cd thS ndi, mot su hiiu biit tdt ban vi nhto thic va hanh vi an toto TP cia ngudi tiSu dtag se giip chtag ta ed mpt chuong ttinh giio due an loan TP hieu qua
3.3.2.2. Diing dao th&l chung cho TP sdng vd chin
DUNG CHUNG DAO THOIT
16.70",, ^
c ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
83.30%
DCV,
• Khung
Biiu di 2.25. Dung dao thdt chung cho TP sing va chin
Nhgn xet: Theo eae ehuySn gia VSATTP, nguy ca lay nhiim vi khuto tt TP song sang TP
chm la mpt ttong nhing mii nguy hiim htog diu d nha bip. Trong TP sdng cd chia rit nhiiu vi khuln nguy hiim nhu E.coli, sahnonella, camplylobacter. Vibrio vuhiieulus... gay ra benh tiSu ehay, rdi loan tiSu hoa... tham chi cd thS din dSn tt vong. NhCmg loai vi kliuin nay cd thi lay nhilm do dtag chung dao, thdt... cho ea hai loai thic to sdng, ehm hoac di lln lOn thie to sing, chm vdi nhau.
Qua diiu tta chtag tdi thiy ngudi tiSu dtag da khdng dtag dao thdt chung cho TP sing va chm kha cao chiim 83,3%, diiu nay chtag td ngudi tiSu ding ed thuc hanh kha tdt khi ehi biin 'TP; toy nhien vln cdn 16,7%) ngudi tieu dtag cd dtag dao thdt ehung cho TP sdng va chm (biiu dd 2.25); day la vln di chtag ta cto quan tam dS ed nhiing hd ttp nhim thay dii hanh vi cia nhdm ngudi niy.
73
3.3.2.3. Ve sinh dung cu dn udng
VE SINH DUNG CU AN UONG
Ty 1? %
90 80 7(1 60 50 40 30 20 Ul
^')7.«
, ^ ^ ^itmr y Rua bang xii Chi rua bang Rua bang niroc
phong vi iiirac nuoc nong sach
Bieu do 2.26. Vf sinh dgng cu an u6ng
Nhgn xit: Ong ba ta thudng ndi: "Nha sgch thi mat, bat saeh ngon cam" nSn vifc vf smh ehSn, dia, dung evi to udng sgch se, hpp vS smh chtoh la gdp phin tgo nSn svr ngon mien^ va ehlt luong btta to.
BiSu dd 2.26 cho ta thay ngudi tiSu dtag da cd thuc hanh khi r ia dimg cu to udng la kha dam bao, dd la r ia btog xa phdng hoac nude r ia chen va nude sgch chiim ty If rit cao (97,8%,); r ia bing nude thdng thudng la 1,9%) va nude ndng la 6,3%). Day la nguyin tie bit bupe ddi vdi mpi ngudi khi ve sinh dyng cvi to udng.
3.3.2.4. Thuc hdnh rira tay
Bang 2.29. Thuc hanh riia tay
^ ^ a diem
Nfi dung X^
Ria btog nude sach Ria btog xa phdng vdi nude sach Ria dual vdi
nude sgch, ehay hen tyc Lau btog khto khd, sgch hogc gily lau 1 lan
TamKy
n =128
10
108
10
0
Tylf % 7.8
84.4
7.8
0.0
Nlii Thanh
n =110
4
101
5
0
Tylf % 3.6
91.8
4.5
0.0
Hifp Die
n =88
9
77
2
0
Tylf %
10.2
87.5
2.3
0.0
Nam Tra My
n= 33
3
30
0
0
Tylf % 9.1
90.9
0.0
0.0
Chung
n= 359
26
316
17
0
Tylf
7.2
88.0
4.7
0.0
74
NhSn xet:
Ngudi ta ude tinh 70%) cac vu nhiim ddc TP cd liSn quan din ban tay ban. NSu khdng giu sgch, tay la noi van ehuyin vao co thi vi khuln, hda chit ddc hai tu mdi trudng va cac chit bin khac do tiip xic thdng thudng. Do do, ria tay bing xa phdng va nude sgch la each tit nhit di di phdng ngd dpe TP.
Tai bang 2.29 da eho thay ring ngudi tieu dung da thuc hanh kha tdt trong each rua tay; dd la r ia tay bing xa phdng vdi nude saeh chiim ty IS cao 88,0%); cdn lai la ria bing nude sgch dudi vdi nude ehay liSn tuc (12%)). Day la dieu ching td ngudi tieu ding cd thuc htoh tit khi r ia tay. Tuy nhiSn, khdng cd ngudi tiSu dung nao dupe lau tay sau khi ria. Dieu nay ching ta cin phai quan tam ban.
3.3.2.5. Tli&i gian chudn bi Ihirc dn truac ichi dn
Bang 2.30. Thdi gian ehuin bj th ic an trudc khi an
\ ^ ^ Dia diim
Nii dun^v
<2gid
2 - 4 gid >4g id
TamKy
n =128
107
10 11
Ty le%
83. 6
7.8 8.6
Nil Thanh
n =110
81
20 9
Tyle %
73.6
18.2 8.2
Hifp Due
n =88
80
2 6
Tyle %
90.9
2.3 6.8
Nam Tra My
n= 33
2
23 8
Tyle % 6.1
69.7 24.2
Chung
n-359
270
55 34
Tyle %
75.2
15.3 9.5
Nhan xet;
Thuc to da nlu chin chi an toan 2 gid sau khi niu. Sau khoang thdi gian nay, bao quto ndng hay Ignh khdng ding diu tao diiu kien cho vi khuin xam nhap va phat triin. Khi s i dung thic an da chi biin dupe 2 tiing, nSn dun soi Iai d nhiet dp tt 70°C ttd ISn ttirde khi dung. Trudng hop di thic an trong thdi gian lau hon, tuy ttag ttudng hpp, tty logi thic to mi cd thi nlu lai di ding hay hiy bd di dam bao an toan. Nen nlu via du to trong 2 - 3 btta di ttinh ham di ham Igi qua 2 lin, via mit nhieu chat dmh dudng via tgo cac chit cd hgi eho sie khde.
Kit qua nghien ciu cua ching toi eho thiy nhiiu ngudi tieu ding da danh thdi gian chuin bi thic ta cho din khi an ding vdi ySu elu vi diiu kifn VSATTP; dd la tu khi chuin bj thic an din khi an tdt nhit la trudc 2 gid chiim 75,2%; t i 2 dSn 4 gid chiim 15,3% va cd 9,5% ngudi chpn ttSn 4 gid (bang 2.30), cao hon nghiSn ciu cia Almanza BA va es ty IS nay chi cd 63% [60].
75
3.3.2.6. Nai che bien thuc dn, tude chen, dia, phong dn
Bang 2.31. NO'i che bien thirc an, tu de chen, dia, phdng an
" ^ y f n, TP
Nf i d u n g x ^ Saeh, hop vS sinh Khdng hpp vS sinh Cgnh cdng ranh i dpng Canh nai hui bto, d nhilm
TamKy
n =128
126
2
0
0
Tylf % 98.4
1.6
0.0
0.0
Nui Thanh
n =110
103
7
0
0
Tyle %
93.6
6.4
0.0
0.0
Hifp Bue
n =88
88
0
0
0
Tyle %
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Nam Tra My
n=33
33
0
0
0
Tyle %
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Chung
n= 359
350
9
0
0
Tyle %
97.5
2.5
0.0
0.0
Nhgn xet:
Bip la noi chi biin thic to, tai day thudng xuyen cd nhiiu loai TP chua che biin, la mdi trudng rit thuto tifn cho cac logi vi khuin doe hai tap trung va phat trien. cae dgng eu, dd dge trong bip, phdng to cung phai sip xip gpn gang, ngan nap, cd khotog each, khdng nen di chdng cheo ISn nhau di dam bao vf sinh. Tgi bang 2.31 da thi hifn tai noi chi biin thuc an; tt di chen, dTa; phdng an cia ngudi tiSu dung sach, hop vf sinh chiim ty If rit cao 97,5%. Diiu dd chtag td ngudi tieu ding da cd thuc hanh tdt vi ndi dung nay. Mae d i vay, vln edn 2,5%o tai noi chi biin thic an; tt de chen, dia; phdng an cia ngudi tieu dtag khdng hpp ve sinh nhung hpto toto khdng ed d canh edng ranh i dpng hay d nhilm; vin di nay chtag ta d n phat huy ddi vdi ngudi tiSu dtag.
3.3.2.7. Thiing dtfng rac thdi bo
Bang 2.32. Thing dyng r ie thai bo
XDja diim
Ngi dung!
Sach, kin, cd nip
Sgch kin, khdng ed
Rach, bto.
Khdng cd thtog dtmg rac
TamKy
n =128
124
4
0
0
Ty If %
96.9
3.1
0.0
0.0
Nii Thanh
n =110
80
II
0
19
Tyle %
72.7
10.0
0.0
17.3
Hifp Bue
n =8 8
70
8
0
10
Tyif %
79.5
9.1
0.0
II.4
Nam Tra My
n=3 3
5
2
0
26
Ty le %
15.2
6.1
0.0
78.8
Chung
n-359
279
25
0
55
Ty le %
77.7
7.0
0.0
15.3
76
Nh^n xet:
Thing ehia rac la noi tap tmng rit nhiiu vi khuln gay benh. Do dd, thing chia rac tai moi gia dinh phai cd nap day kin di xa noi che biin, phdng an va chuyen di htog ngay. Tgi bang 2.32 cho ta thiy ngudi tiSu dung da cd s i dung thing dung rac thai bd sgch, kin, cd nip day chiim ty IS cao (77,7%); ngudi tieu diing cd Ihiing dirng rac thai bd nhung khdng cd nip day la 7,0%; khdng cd thing dung rac chiim 15,3%. Vifc s i dung thu gom rie la vd cing cin thiet, vin de nay ta d n quan tam thSm.
3.4. Y kien cua ngudi dan
3.4.1. Nguin cung cap thong tin VSATTP
Bang 2.33. Nguon eung cap thong tin VSATTP
^ ^ ^ D j a diim Nguon ^ ^ ^ ^
Tivi saeh bao Ban be
Dai phat thanh Cto bp y te
Ngudi SXCBTP n
=347 334 203 128 177 272
Tylf % 96.3 58.5 36.9 51.0 78.4
Ngudi kinh doanh TP
n= 348 308 127 70 99 208
Tylf % 88.5 36.5 20.1 28.4 59.8
Ngudi tieu dung
n = 359 309 144 91 153 260
Tylf % 86.1 40.1 25.3 42.6 72.4
Chung
n =1.054
951 474 289 429 740
Tylf %
90.2 45 0 27.4 40.7 70.2
Nhgn xet: Khi hdi v i ngudn cung cip thdng tin vi VSATTP cho ngudi dto ehi yeu qua tivi
95Ingudi (90.2%), sau dd din cto bd y t i 740 ngudi (70.2%,), ba ngudn cdn Igi la qua saeh bao, dai phat thanh, ban be lln lupt (45%; 40.7%; 27.4%) (btog 2.33). Nhu vgy tmyin thdng qua cac phuang tifn thdng tin dgi chtag nhat la qua bao hinh da phat huy dupe thi mgnh la pho biin rpng rai din nhiiu ngudi, cac kenh ttuySn thdng khac nhu sach bao, dai phat thanh cdn thip.
3.4.2. Mong muin nang eao kiin thie VSATTP
Bang 2.34. Mong muon nSng cao kien thuc VSATTP
^ ^ ^ ^ Ykien Huyfn/TP ^ ^ ^ ^
Ngudi SXCBTP (n =347) Ngudi kmh doanh TP (n =348)
Ngudi tiiu ding (359) Chung fn =1.054)
BvK/c nghe noi chuyfn ve VSATTP
n 320 320 318 958
Ty If % 91.95 91.95 88.6 91
Dug c cung cap tai lifu
n 258 258 225 741
Ty If % 71.1 74.1 62.3 70
Co 1
VSA tivi n
271 271 250 792
ehuang rinh FTP tren daiPT Ty If %
78.1 77.9 69.6 75
77
NhSn xit: Cd nhieu hhih thic di ttang bj cho mpi ngudi kiin thic vi VSATTP nhu truyin
thong gian tiSp qua dai phat thanh, tmyin hinh, qua saeh bao, tai lieu, qua mitting...; hay truyen thdng true tiSp nhu tap huln, ndi chuySn, thao luan nhdm, tt vto... Khi hdi mong mudn dupe ntog cao kiin thie VSATTP cia nhttng ngudi dto thdng qua cic kSnh thdng tm nao thu hit hp nhit thi nhiiu nhit qua ndi chuyen vi VSATTP (91%), bdi bang hinh thic nay khong nhihig cung eip dupe nhiiu thdng tm ma cdn ed su phto hdi cia ngudi du tap huln, chinh qua su ttao ddi dd se giip cho ngudi duoe tap huto nhd lau ban kiin thic dupe nhto. Day la hmh thic d n dupe s i dung nhieu trong thdi gian dSn; 75%, ding y cd chuang ttinh hudng dto VSATTP ttSn tivi; dupe cip tai lieu (70%) (btog 2.34).
4 THVC TRANG HOAT D Q N G TRUYEN T H 6 N G GIAO D^C SlTC KHOt VE VSATTP
4.1. Cong t ic xay dvmg k i hogch hogt dgng TTGDSK ve VSATTP
4.1.1. Tinh hinh thftc hi^n cdng tdc xdy dipig ke hogch
TINH HINH XAY D V'NG KE HOACH HOAT DONG TTGDSK
TYLE% mo_ 100_ I00_
100
100
TamKy Nui Thanh Hiep Die Nam Tra My
Bieu do 2.27. Xay dgng k i hogeh hogt dgng TTGDSK
Nhgn xet: , , Di lam tit bit c i hogt ddng nao, vto dS quan ttpng nhat la phai xay dvmg dupe
ki hoach hoat ddng eg thi, phi hop vdi diiu kifn thuc tiin tgi dja phuang. Qua nghiSn eiu chtag tdi thiy 100% cic t i TTGDSK dSu xay dung ki hoach hogt ddng nay (biSu di 2.27). Day la kit qua rit kha quan, cho thiy cdng tae xay dtmg kS hogch hoat dpng ttuySn thdng da dupe chi ttpng tai ttySn ca sd.
4.1.2. Cas&x&y dftng ki hogch hogt dpng TTGDSK
Bang 2.35. Cas&xay dipig ki hogch hogl dpng TTGDSK
\ ^ ^ ^ ^ Do
Dja d i i m ^ ^
TamKy Nui Thanh Hifp Die Nam Tra My Chung
Cap trin dua xuong
n=20 I 0 2 3 6
Ty If % 5 0 10 15 30
Tvr xay dung
n=20 3 6 2 0 11
Ty If % 15 20 10 0 55
Kit hgp ca cap tren dua xuong va
tu xay dung n=20
1 0 1 1 3
Ty If % 5 0 5 5 15
Nhgn xSt: Cto ci dS xay dvmg ki hogch boat dpng y ti ndi ehung va hpgt dpng TTGDSK
ndi riSng phai dya ttSn cae ea sd phto tieh thye trang tgi dja phuang va cac diiu kifn vi nhto Ivrc, v$t Ivic va tii Ivic di dua ra cac giai phap va hogt dpng phi hpp vdi thye tiln. Nhu vgy, ki hpgch phii dupe chinh nhihig ngudi tgi co sd dd xay dvmg lin hogc phai kit hpp gitta ki hogch cia dp ttSn dua xudng vi cia don vi thi mdi kha thi. Qua btog 2.35 chtag tdi thiy ki hogch cia eae td TTGDDSK dupe thvrc hifn do ban thto cae ti xay dvmg len chiem ty If eao nhit 55%,; sau dd din ki hogch dupe xay dvmg do dp ttin dua xuing chiim 30%, cdn kS hoach dupe xay dimg do kSt hap ea ke hoach tt ttin dua xuing va tt xay dvmg rit thip chiim 15%. Nhu vay vln cdn 30% sd td TTGDSK khi xay dtmg ki hogch edn phg thudc hoto toto vao ki hogch cia cip ttSn,
Di giai thich cho thuc ttang ttin chtag tdi thiy, muin xay dvmg dupe kS hpgch hogt dpng, diiu khong thi khdng tmh din la kmh phi d dau di thvrc hifn hogt dpng nay. Hifn nay, mac du tgi eie huyen da hmh thanh cae phdng TTGDSK dudi dgng ldng ghSp, nhimg phin Idn cto bd lam kiSm nhiem, khong cd rieng nguon kinh phi ma phu thudc vao chuong ttmh qude gia vi VSATTP, cac boat ddng phai phu thuf c vao hoat dpng cia ehuang ttmh. _ ^
Tuy nhiSn, di ki hoach kha thi va cd hifu qim eao, cto phai ket hgp giOa ySu du cia chuang ttmh VSATTP qude gia vi thuc tiin dja phuang.
4.1.3. Nhung ngu&i Iham gia x&y dttng ke hogch NHUNG NGUOI THAM GlAXAVDlTNG KE HO.^CH
TamKy NUi HitpOiic NamT,4 Thinh My
Biiu di 2.28. Nhihig nguoi tham gia xay dung kS hogch
79
Nhgn xit:
Di eong tac TTGDSK vi VSATTP thirc hien tdt, vln di quan ttong la phai huy dpng dupe cOng ding tham gia, mudn vgy cac ki hoach hoat dpng di thuc hiSn dupe tPt thi bto thto hp phai dupe ctag tham gia xay dung. Nhu vay, mpt bto ki hoach hogt dOng TTGDSK tdtphai dupe cto bp y ti, ban cham sde sic khoe va ngudi dto eung xay dirng. Thvrc tiSn, qua kit qua nghiSn eiu cua chung tdi, ki hoach hoat dong TTGDSK vS VSATTP dupe xay dimg chi yiu bdi can bp y ti d tit ca cac td TTGDSK cua 4 huyfn (chiim 100%), ngoai ra Ban cham sde sic khoS cd tham gia xay dvmg ke hogch hoat dOng TTGDSK vi VSATTP nhiiu nhit tai Nii Thanh (66.7%), sau dd dSn Tam Ky va Hifp Die (diu la 40%). Khdng ed td TTGDSK nao d ca 4 huyfn cd ngudi dto tham gia vao hogt df ng ttSn (biiu dd 2.28). Day la vln de cin diipe quan tam ttong thdi gian din bdi ngudi dto via la ddi ttpng tac dpng via la ehi thi dS giai quyit cto vin di sic kheS do v^y ngudi dto phii la nhtag tac gia chinh -la ddi ttpng chi yiu thyrc hifn vifc thu thap va phto tich thong tin, lgp ki hogch. Su tham gia cia ngudi dto vao mpi khau cia qui ttinh l$p ki hogch dam bao tinh phi hop va phto inh dtag nguyf n vpng cia eOng ddng ctag nhu sur ehi dpng, tich cue cia hp ttpng cac hogt dpng can thifp nhim giai quyit cae vln dl sic khpS cia chinh cpng ddng, bio dam cho tmh tiip Ufc vi vifc duy tti bin vtag cia cic hogt dpng do chmh cpng ddng xay dvmg nin.
4.1.4. Ke hogch dupic Ihdng qua cac cdp chinh quyin dja phuang
Biiu do 2.29. Ke hoach dug'c thdng qua e^c cap chinh quyin dia phuong
Nhgn xit: Ki hoach hogt ddng TTGDSK vi VSATTP cin phai thing nhit ttudc vdi lanh
dao dja phuong di thuyit phyc cac d p lanh dao tgo dilu kifn thvrc hifn; ttanh thu Sv* giip da ddng thih, hudng ing cia mpi ngudi; ddng viin dupe quin chtag tich evie tham gia hoat ddn^ ngay tt diu va duy tri phong ttto dupe lau bin. Kit qua cia ching tdi cho thiy eie td TTGDSK khi xSy dvmg ki hoach xong dupe cae cip chmh quyin phi diQfft chiim da sd (85%), nhung vin cd 15 %, khdng dupe phS duyft (biSu 66 2.29). Can luu y hogt dOng nay ttong thdi gian din
80
4.2. Cic hinh thue truyin thong dugrc th^c hifn
CAC HINHTHU'C TtCDSK
100 101
D Xc liiyen Iruyen
• Milling
D N6i Chuyen sue khoe
n Ptial Ihanh
• I njycn hinh
n IMm ho gia dinh
• ITiao luan Nhom
P Tu van
• Bao SKQN
liep Due Nam Trd My
Biiu di 2.30. Cic hinh thie truyin thSng dugre thvrc hifn Nhan xit: De cdng tac TTGDSK cd hifu qua ngudi lam cdng tac nay phai biet tta chpn
cae hinh thie TTGDSK phi hgp nhat vdi ndi dung, diSu kifn vl phuang tifn cia mmh. Hifn nay ngudi ta thudng si dvmg eie hmh thie TTGDSK sau:
- Truyin thing gito tiip: qua cac phuong tifn thong tm dgi chtag (dai phat thanh, truyin hinh, bao, tap ehi...), qua ttanh anh, pand, td roi, hdi thi, xe ttyfn tmyin...
- Truyin thdng tnic tiip: ndi chuySn sie khoS, thao Into nhdm, lam miu, W vln, tham hd gia dmh...
Dilu quan ttpng la ngudi lam cdng tac truyin thdng phM tta chpn sap chp phi hpp vdi phong ttic tap quto va diiu kien cua dja phuang. Thdng thudng cto bp y ti ca sd hay s i dvmg nhit li phuong phap tmyin thdng trvre tiip. Ket qua nghiSn ciu cia chtag tdi thiy (biSu dd 2.30):
- Ndi chuyfn sic khoe la hhih thie dupe tit ei eae td TTGDSK si dgng, ttong dd eao nhit la huyen Hifp Die va Nam Tra My (100%), Thanh phi Tam Ky cd 80% va huyfn Nil Thanh chi cd 60% to si dvmg hmh thic nay.
- Thao luan nhdm ctag la hinh thie dupe cae huyen ding di taySn truyin vl cdng tac VSATTP, nai dtag nhilu nhit la huyfn Nii Thanh (chiim 66.7%), thanh phi Tam K.^ va huyfn Hifp Die cd 40% sd td si dvmg hhih thic nay va Nam Tra My chi cd 25% si dvmg hmh thic nay.
Trong nghiSn ciu cia Huynh Vto NSn vl "Hifu qui boat ding traySn thong giao dvie sic khde vl vf smh mdi trudng tgi 5 diim trudng tiiu hpc huyfn Phi Tto tmh An Giang" ctag ip dimg cac hmh thie TTGDSK hire tiip cho thiy: Hiiu biit cia hoe smh vi x i 1; phto, nude, rae da ttog ISn dtog ki. Thay ddi dupe mdt sd hanh vi vi ve sinh mii tradng cd lpi cho sic khde ca nhto vi sie khde cdng dong [50].
Tai BIC Nmh, teong Chuang trinh hanh dOng thvrc hien chlin lupc ttuySn thdng gito dvic, chuyin ddi hanh vi vl dto sd, sic khoe smh san/ki hogch hoa gia dmh (DS, SKSS/KHHGD), sau gin 2 nam thvic hien, dupe svr quan tam cia cae cap uy Dtog, cWnh quyin vi svi phoi kit hpp chJt che cia cac ban nganh, doto thi, cong tac ttuyin
thdng^giao dvic thay dii hanh vi vi DS, SKSS/KHHGD da tgo dupe su thay dii mgnh me ve nh^ thie va hanh dOng cia toto xa hdi tten phgm vi loan tinh. Kit qua vifc thvic hien KHHGD va cham sde SKSS da gdp phin quan ttpng vao muc tiSu giam suih va ntog eao chit lupng dto si. Qui ino gia dmh it eon ngay etog dupe nhto dto chip nh^ rpng rai, tdc dp gia ttog dto sd dupe kiim soat; si cap vp chdng chip nhto si dung bifn phap ttanh thai hien dgi ngay etog ttog. DJe biet thdng qua cac dpt td chic chien dich ttuyin thdng ling ghep dich vu d ving cd mic sinh cao va khd khto, si ngudi dupe hudng lpi tt cac djeh vg cham sde SKSS/KHHGD ngay etog cao.
Vifc chpn cae htoh thie truyin thdng nay ed uu diim giip ttao ddi fruc tiip giOa ngudi cto bd y ti va ngudi dto, tao svr phan hoi ngay trong buoi tmyin thdng. Tuy nhiSn, hinh thic nay chi tac ddng din si it ngudi ttuc tiip tham gia. Trong khi kinh phi danh eho hogt dpng nay gin nhu khdng cd nSn khd dpng viSn ngudi cto bp y ti thvrc hiin tdt cong tac nay.
Hmh thic phit thanh ttySn truyin vi VSATTP ctag dupe cac huyfn/thanh phd si dgng, ttong dd si dvmg nhiiu nhit tai Thanh phi Tam Ky va Huyfn Nii Thanh (100%), Hifp Die chi cd 60% va Nam Tra My cd 25% td TTGDSK si dgng hmh thic niy (biiu dd 2.30). Qua cac budi phat thanh cd thl cung dp thdng tm din nhiiu n^di, svr lan rOng nhanh chdng, thuto V' eho cac vtag cd diiu kifn dja ly khd khto. De thvrc hifn hogt dpng nay ein cd diu tt tt Nha nude vS ttang thiit bj, dudng trayin va con ngudi... Tuy phai diu tt nhiiu nhung niu ehtog ta lam thi khdng chi cd lai cho cdng tac cham sde sie khoe mi cdn cd Ipi cho ca kmh te, an ninh, qude phdng va vto hoa nia.
Tuyen trayin VSATTP btog hinh thie dtog tii ttSn bao khong dupe huyfn/thanh phd nao si dvmg (tit ca 0%,) (biSu dd 2.30). Day etog la kSnh truyin thdng gito tiip ed thi din vdi nhiiu ngudi, hon nua nganh y ti cd riSng "Thdng tm y dupe" va "Sic khoe Qutog Nam", viec dtog tii cac bai, tm phto anh boat ding vi dam bao ehlt luang VSATTP la cto thiet khdng chi chia se nhing kinh nghiSm ttong triin khai cac hogt ddng ma cdn la phuang tifn giip cho cac trayen thdng viSn cd tii lifu di thuc hifn nhifm vu cia minh tgi co sd dupe tdt hon. Chinh vi vay, dn cd khuyln cao ik ttog eudng hogt dpng nay.
4.3. Tinh hlnh thanh ISp ban tin, diim tuyen truyin bing Video vl VSATTP
20
-Co -KhongI
TamKy Niii Thanh Hiep Dire Nam Tra My Chung
Biiu di 2.31. Tinh hinh thanh lgp ban tin tuyin truyen ve VSATTP 82
Bieu do 2.32. Tinh hinh tbifc hifn diem tuySn truyen bang Video Nh^n xit: Be ldng ghSp cdng tac kham ehtta bfnh vdi cdng tac TTGDSK cho ngudi dto
mdt each don gito va dl dtog khdng ddi hdi kmh nghiSm va kinh phi Idn dd la chtog ta thvic hien trayin thong gito tiip qua bto tm, diim mySn trayin bing Video vi VSATTP tgi eae eo sd y ti , cac diim edng edng thudng tap trung ddng ngudi... Qua dilu tra chtag tdi thiy cac td TTGDSK thanh lap bto tm vi cdng tac VSATTP thip (chiim 30%,), s i edn lai khdng thvrc hifn dupe hinh thic nay (chiim 70%) (bilu do 2.31) va chi cd 25% s i td TTGDSK thaiih lap diim tuyen trayin bing videp tgp trang d Tam Ky va Ni i Thanh, 75%, sd cdn lai khdng thvic hien dupe boat dpng niy (biiu di 2-32).
Nhu vay, d n Iuu y xay dvmg bto tm, diim toyen trayin bing video vi VSATTP eho cac ca sd y t i bdi day la hogt ddng dan gito dl lam va cho hifu qua eao bdi khdng chi tac ddng vao bfnh nhto ma cdn tac ddng dSn ca ngudi nha cia hp va thdng qua hp cd the dua thdng tin dSn cpng ddng
4.4. Tmh hmh san xuat cic phuong tifn truyin thong cua cic t i TTGDSK
Tyl?
!
XAY DV^iG TAI LI$U TRUYEN THONG
80 f
70
60
50
40
30
20
10 /I
35
1 75
3(
20 20 r
IdLi-Chung TamKy Nui Hi^p Nam
Thinh Diic Tii My
n Pano
• T^roi
a Khau hi^u
Biiu ah 2.33. Tmh hmh sin xuit cac phuong tifn truyen thong
83
Nh|n xet: ^™^^" * ° " S qua tai lifu nhu khlu hieu, pand, td roi... la phuang phap truyin
thong gito tiSp mang hieu qua cao, eung d p thdng tin ehinh xac, dS dang thu duac phan hot, tao dupe dieu kifn eho su thay doi hanh vi... Chinh vi vay, khi thuc hien cic boat dOng TTGDSK cto phdi kit hpp nhiiu phuang phap trong dd khdng thi thiiu dupe do la cung cap tai lifu eho dii tupng dupe tmyen thong. Qua nghien eiu cia ching tdi, cdng tie xay dimg cac loai tai lieu trayin thdng dupe cae t i TTGDSK thuc hifn nhiSu nhat la lam khlu hifu (chiim 75%), sau dd la san xuit pano (chiim 35%) va sto xuat td roi chi cd 30%, (bilu do 2.33). Day qua la con sd khiem tin, ein duac ttog cudng trong thdi gian din.
5. TIM HIEU NGUYEN NHAN D U A DEN TINH TRANG KIEN THUC, THAI DO, HANH VI VE Vf SINH AN T O A N THyC PHAM CUA NGU6l DAN CON THAP
Vdi kit qua nghiSn ciu ttSn, qua phto tich nhttng dac diim ehung cia cac ddi Wong nghiSn ciu ching toi thiy nhttng nguySn nhan cia tinh trang thiiu kiin thic, chua ed thai dp, hanh vi tdt ttong SX, CBTP, kinh doanh TP va ngay ca ngudi tieu dtag la do cae nguySn nhto sau:
5.1. Cing tae quin ly chua dong bg Quto ly chit lupng VSATTP la mdt hogt dpng ting hop va phic tap ddi hdi
phai thdng nhat va lien nganh. Nhung thue t i cing tac quto ly diiu hlnh cdn nhiiu bit cap, cu thS:
-VS td chic bp miy quto ly chit lupng VSATTP: hf thing t i chic quan ly chua thdng nhat va ehua d i manh t i tnmg uong tdi co sd, cung vdi dd, cac van ban quy pham phap luat cdn thiSu chi tiSt trong hutag dan x i ly vi pham. Luc lupng thanh tta chuyen nginh, hf thdng kiSm tta xet nghiSm via ySu v ia thiSu vS nhto lue va ttang thiSt hi. Tai Qutog Nam qua nghiSn ciu ching tdi thay vto cdn 7.0% dja phuong chua thanh lap Ban chi dgo tfp trung tai huyfn miln nii (btog 2.6).
Ve chic ntog quto ly: ba chic ntog co bto cia edng tae quto ly chat lupng VSATTP la lap ki hpgch, td chic, phto cdng thvrc hien kS hoach va giam sat, kiSm tra cdng tac thgre hien ki hoach. TrSn thvrc ti ca ba ehic nang nay chua dupe friSn khai mpt each khoa hpc, day d i v i chua xuat phat tt diiu kifn thtrc te. Qua nghien ciu ching toi thiy cd 12.1%, dja phuang khdng xay dimg ki hoach boat ddng va 9.3% khdng ban hanh vto ban chi dgo vl VSATTP (btog 2.7); 22.2%, lanh dgo tta Idi khong cd hdi nghj triin khai va tdng kit v l cing tac VSATTP (tfp trung nhilu nhit tgi huyfn miln nii Nam Tra My) (btog 2.8)
Di dam bao chit lupng VSATTP, ttong cdng tac quto ly VSATTP ed 6 npi dung hpgt ddng quan trpng cin phai thuc hifn ding hi mdi nang cao chit lupng hogt ddng. Qua nghiSn eiu chtag tdi nhto thiy tta ldi ding ttmg phin kha ding nhit tai cae dia phuang va chiim ty IS cao lln lupt: Vifc thutag xuyen kilm tta, giam sat (93.5%), td chic nhiiu hinh thic ttySn trayin eho ngudi dto (86.8%), xay dung ke hoach hoat ddng cho Ban chi dao sat thvrc (79.2%), djnh ky td chic so kit tdng kit cdng tie dam bao chit lupng VSATTP (64.9%) (bilu dd 2.6).
Trong cdng tac quto Iy ehlt lupng VSATTP, cac dja phuang cto phai t i chic cho cac ca sd SX, CBTP, kmh doanh TP hpc tfp kiin thic vi VSATTP va thutag xuyin td chic kham s ic khde cho hp. Nhung ttong thuc t i chi cd 43.6% kham sic
84
khde dung qui djnh (Bang 2.4) va chi cd 69.1% dupe tap huln kiin thiic vi VSATTP (Btog 2.5).
Ve thiic hien cdng tac tuySn trayin giao due cho ngudi dan vi VSATTP chua dupe quan tam ding mie:
+P'teu kien co sd vat chit ehua dam bao nhu vin edn 14.3% dja phuang khong cd he thdng loa trayin thanh, dge bift la cac dja phuang ving trang du va miin nui.
+ DS cdng tie TTGDSK cd hieu qua ngudi lam cong tae nay phai biit lua chpn cac hinh thic TTGDSK phi hpp nhit vdi npi dung, diiu kien, phuang tien va phi hpp vdi phong tuc tap quan, diiu kifn cia dja phuang; phai da dang hda cac hinh thic tniySn thing di tao sir hip din giip ngudi dan dS tiSp thu eie kiin thic co bto. Qua dieu tta chtag tdi thiy cac td TTGDSK cdn chi trpng vao hinh thic ndi chuyfn, thao luan tadin va xe tuySn trayin, chua quan tam nhilu din cac hinh thic nhu thata lap bto tin vS cdng tac VSATTP, diim ttySn trayin bing video, dang tai npi dung taySn trayen qua bao, dai...
- Dau tt cho cdng tac quto ly ATTP cdn rit thip. Kinh phi diu tu cho edng tac quto ly ATTP giai dogn 5 nam (ti 2004-2008) la 329 ty ding, tinh binh quan diu ngudi cia ea nude chi dgt 780 ddng/ngudi/nam - chi bing 1/19 mic diu tu cua Thai Lan vi btog 1/136 so vdi diu tu cia co quan quan ly TP va thudc (FDA) cia My [16].
5.2. Y thuc trach nhifm biin, Idnh doanh TP chua cao:
Trong CO chS thj tratag, nhieu ngudi sto xuat, kinh doanh chgy theo Ipi nhuan trade mat, coi thudng tinh mang, sic khde cia ngudi tieu dtag. Cu thS:
Khdng chap hanh cac qui djnh cia nha nude nhu khdng tham gia tap huin, khong kham sic khde dinh ky.
Khdng thuc hien cic qui djta vS dilu kien eo sd vat chit, dieu kifn ve smh. Khdng cd y thic trong vifc dim bao ve sinh ttong qua trita san xuat, chi biin
va kinh doanh TP... Bin cgnh do, mo hinh sto xuat, ehi biin TP cia nhieu co sd, doanh nghiep
ttong nude vln manh min va thd so, nhieu khi chi vi ehay theo Ipi tauto ma quen di ttach nhifm sic khde edng ddng.
5.3. Nhan thfre eua ngudi dan ve vf sinh ATTP con rat thap: - Do thdi quen sinh hogt, Im thuc lau ddi, khd thay dii. - Do chua dupe eung d p kiin thie VSATTP thudng xuySn.
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III. KET LUAN VA DE XUAx GIAI PHAP CAN THIEP
1. KET LU^N Mue tieu cua nghien ciu nay nhim danh gia thuc trang kiin thic, thai dd, hanh
vi ye VSATTP cia ngudi dto tita Quing Nam va di xuit mdt sd giai phap thich hop nham ntog cap nhto thic cia ngudi dan vl VSATTP. Nghien eiu tiin hanh t i tbJng 6 nam 2009 din thtog 5 nam 2010, dupe thiit ki thep phuong phap chpn miu ngiu nhiin nhiSu giai dogn, cae ddi tupng dupe phdng vin bing bd cau hdi sogn sin kit hop vdi quan sat thuc t i . TSng ddi ttpng nghiSn ciu d 16 xa / phutag eua 3 huyfn (Nam Tra My, Nui Thtoh, Hifp Die) va thtoh phi Tam Ky la 1.430 ngudi, trong dd, 957 (66.9%) ntt va 473 (33.1%) nam, tuoi nhd nhit la 19, tudi Idn nhit la 75. Ty If ting ddi ttpng (cto bp quto ly, ngudi kinh doanh TP, ngudi sto xuit, chi biin TP, ngudi tieu dtag) Wong duong nhau (24.9%, 24.3%; 24.2% va 25,1%), ngoai ra cd 1.4% ngudi lam cdng tac TTGDSK tgi eae tuyen. Nhdm nghien cuu cd trinh dp van hoa chii yiu la d p 2 va eip 3 (87.1%). Nhtag ngudi SX, CBTP, kinh doanh TP cd 43.6% kham sie khde ding qui djnh (mdi kham <I2 thtog); 26.1%, ed kham nhimg da >12 thtog; cd dSn 30.4%, khdng kham sie khoS djnh ky. Dge bift ttong si hp ed 69.1%, dupe tgp huto kiin thie ve VSATTP, si cdn Igi 30.9%, chua dupe tap huin. Qua phto tieh, chtag tdi rit ra mdt sd kit luto sau:
1.1. THV'C TR^NG KIEN THtTC, THAI B p , HANH VI VE VSATTP CUA NGUCn DAN
l . I . l . Cong tac quan ly VSATTP cua chinh quyin, sg' phoi hgp cua cac ban, nganh, doan the tgi dia phuong eon nhiiu b i t e|ip:
- Cdn 7.0%o dja phuang chua thinh lap Ban chi dgo tap ttung tgi huyin mien nii. - Cd 9.3%) dja phuang khdng xay dtmg ki hoach boat ddng va ban hanh vto bto - Cdn 22.2% lanh dgo tta ldi khong cd hdi nghj triin khai va tong kit v i cdng tac
VSATTP. - Phuang thic ehi dgo khi cd xiy ra vu ngp ddc TP theo each: chi dao irte tiSp
chiim ty If cao 85.7%, tiip theo la bing vto bto 71.9% va cudi ctag la nhung phuang thic khie 8.4% (hpp, difn thoai).
- v l n cdn 14.3%, dja phuang khdng ed he thing loa trayin thanh nay, dge bift la eae dja phuang ving tmng du va miSn nil
- Vln cdn 15.7% dja phuong khdng td chic tuyen trayin lln nao.
1.1.2. Ngudi SX, CBTP: - Cdn thiiu kiin thie: Chi cd 1.2% ngudi sto xuat, chS biSn TP tta Id; day d i danh
muc 6 benh ttuyin nhilm khi mic khdng dupe tham gia siti xuat hay ehS biSn TP; chi cd 13.5% ngudi SX, CBTP cd kiin thic bao quto tit TP diy di; khdng cd ngudi SX, CBTP tta Idi dtog, d i v i thue hanh tit vf sinh ea nhto; khdng ed ngudi SX, CBTP cd kiin thic vi thirc hanh luu thing TP ding va di; chi cd 11.5% tta Idi ding, d i 6 thdi diim cin r ia tay di dam bao VSATTP.
- Thai do hanh vi v i VSATTP cdn nhiSu batcap: khdng mgc ttang phuc rieng (28%); Cd 8.9% ngudi chua cit ngin mdng tay; vln cd 26.8% ngudi cdn deo trang sic; cdn 5.2% chi r i a tay bing nude sach khing dung xi phdng, cd 0.3% ngudi ding nude da dtag di r i a tay.
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1.1.3. NguM kinh doanh TP - KiSn thie cdn yeu; khdng cd ngudi kinh doanh TP nao tra Idi ding toan bp
oac nOi dung vS thvrc hanh tdt ve sinh ea nhto; ehi cd 0.6% ngudi kinh doanh TP tra ldi ding toto bp cic qui djnh ghi ttSn nhan, mac cac TP bao gdi sin; chi ed 25% sd ngudi tta Idi ding 4 diiu kifn TP cd thi bin dupe.
- Cdn nhilu bit cap trong thuc hanh nhu cd din 56.6% ngudi kinh doanh khdng bay thic to ttSn eao > 60cm; khdng cd mpt ngudi kinh doanh TP nao thuc hien rua tay ca 6 thdi diSm theo qui djnh; ctag cdn 8% chi ria tay vdi nude sgch, 0.6% ria tay vdi nude da dung rdi; chi cd 4.6%, ngudi kinh doanh TP tra Idi diy du cac npi dung kiim tta khi mua nguySn lifu.
1.1.4. Ngudi tieu dung
- KiSn thic vS VSATTP rat thiiu: khong biit cac nguySn nhto gay ngp ddc TP (91,9%); Chi cd < 5%, ngudi tiSu ding biit chpn cae logi rau, ei, qua; thjt; ca; TP bao gdi sin dam bao VSATTP; cd 37,3% ngudi tiSu dung biit du 3 diu hifu cia TP khdng nSn dtog.
- Thai dp, hanh vi ve VSATTP ehua dam bap: cd 98,1%, ngudi tiSu ding biit dl rieng TP sdng v i chin; cdn 16.7%, ngudi tiSu ding da dtag dao thdt chung cho TP sdng va chin; cCd 24.8%, ngudi tiSu ding chuin bj thic to trade 2 gid; cd 7,0% ngudi tiSu dtag ding thing dvmg rac thai bd nhung khdng cd nip day va khdng cd thing dimg rac chiem 15,3%.
1.1.5. Thu-e trang hoat dgng TTGDSK vi VSATTP Cong tac xay dimg kS hogch hogt dpng TTGDSK vl VSATTP da thuc hifn
nhtag chua dtag qui ttita, chua dupe cac cap chinh quySn phe duyet Ba hinh thic dupe cic td TTGDSK thuc hifn la: ndi chuySn sic khoe, thio luto
nhdm, phat thanh. Chi cd 30% t i TTGDSK thanh lap ban tin vl cdng tae VSATTP.
1.2. NGUYEN NHAN CUA TINH TRANG THIEU KIEN THtTC, CHUA CO THAI BO, HANH VI TOT CUA NGUCji DAN
1.2.1. Cong tac quan Iy chua ding bg - v i t i chic bp miy quto ly chit lupng VSATTP; hf thdng td chic quto ly
chua thing nhit va chua du manh tt ttung uong tdi co sd, cung vdi dd, cac vto bto quy phgm phap luat cdn thiiu chi tiit trong hutag din x i ly vi pham. Luc lupng thanh tta ehuySn nganh, he thing kilm tra xet nghifm via ySu, via thiiu ve nhto luc va teang thiSt bj.
- v i chic ntog quan Iy: ca ba chic nang co bto cia cdng tie quto ly chat lupng VSATTP la lap ki hogch, t i chic, phto edng thue hiin ki hogch va giam sat, kiim tta cdng tac thuc hien ki hogch ehua dupe teiin khai mit each khoa hpc, day di va ehua xuit phat tt dilu kiin thuc t l
- Cdng tac ttyin trayin giao dge eho ngudi dto vS VSATTP ehua dupe quan
tam ding mic. • , j < - Diu tt cho cdng tac quto Ij? an toto vi sinh thvrc pham cdn rat thap.
1.2.2. 'V thfrc trach nhifm ve vife bao dam an toan vf sinh thyre pham cua ngudi SX, CBTP; kinh doanh TP ehua eao
- Khdng chip hanh cae qui djnh eua nha nude nhu khdng tham gia tgp huto, khdng kham sic khde djnh ky.
87
- Khdng thvrc hien cic qui djnh vi diiu kifn co sd vat chit, diiu kien ve sita. - Khdng cd y thic trong vifc dam bao vS sinh trong qua trinh san xuit, chi biin
va kinh doanh TP...
- BSn canh dd, md hinh sto xuit, chi biin TP cia nhiiu eo sd, doanh nghiSp ttong nude vto manh min va thd so, nhiiu khi chi vi ehay theo loi nhuan ma quen di ttach nhiem sie khde cpng ddng.
1.2.3. Nhan thfre cua ngudi dan ve vf sinh ATTP cdn rat thip - Do thdi quen sinh hogt, Im thvrc lau ddi, khd thay dii. - Do chua dupe eung cip kiin thic VSATTP thutag xuyen.
2. BE XUAT GIAI PHAP CAN THIf P
Qua kSt qua nghien ciu thai dp, kiin thic, htoh vi vi VSATTP cia ngudi dan tinh Qutog Nam chtag tdi thiy hp thiiu ca kiin thic va khing chip hanh cac quy djnh vi vf sita ca nhto dam bao VSATTP theo tieu chuin cia Bd y ti. DS nang cao kiSn thie, hinh thtoh cic hanh vi tot talm dam bao ehlt lupng VSATTP chung tdi di xuat mf t sd giai phap sau:
2.1. Dii vdi cac cap chinh quyen, ban, nganh, doin the 2.1.1. CSn hodn Ihifn hf thing van bin chi dgo, vdn bin phap lugt vi quin ly
chit lupng an lodn vf sinh TP - Be nghj Ban Chap htoh Trang uong Dtog cd nghi quyit chuyen di v i
VSATTP. - Ban hanh Lu$t VSATTP thay cho Phap ISta VSATTP da khong cdn phi hpp va
khdng d i mgnh. - Hoto thien hf thdng vto bto tieu chuin va quy ehuin ve chit lupng, ve sinh, an
toto TP. 2.1.2. Cdng cd he Ihdng to chuc qudn ly chat luang VSATTP
- Cing cd v i doi mdi phuang thie boat ddng cia Ban chi dao Lien nganh vi VSATTP eae cap tt Tnmg uong dSn xa, phutag, thj trin. Phto rd trach taiem eu thi cia cic nganh liin quan, nhu sau:
+ Ngata y ti: Chju ttach nhifm ehinh ttong vife phdi hpp vdi cac ngata, cac td ehic chinh trj, xa hdi, cae Co quan thdng tin dgi ching, chi dgo ttiin khai thvrc hien v i duy tti cac kit qua hogt dpng cia "Thtog hi ta dpng vi chat lupng VSATTP". Hutag din xay dvmg ki hpgch hata ding, td chic KiSm tta va ttySn traySn, giao due vi chit lupng VSATTP, tdng kit, danh gia va bap cao kit qua eho UBND tinh va Bd Y ti . Phdi hpp vdi cac ban nganh lien quan xay dvmg kS hoach cong tac htog nam vl bao dam chit lupng VSATTP.
+ Sd Thdng tin va trayin thdng va eae co quan trayin thong dai chtog: cd ttaeh nhiem phd biin, giao dvic phap luat va kiin thic liSn quan den chat lupng VSATTP, nSu guong cae diin hinh tiSn tiin va phS phto cac tradng hop vi phgm vS sto xuit, chi biin va kinh doata eae mgt htog TP va dich vu an udng.
t- Cdng an Tmh: ehi dgo ivrc lupng cong an cac cap thutag xuySn phoi hpp vdi nganh y t i va eae nganh ehic ntog khae teong vifc kilm tta va x i Iy nghiem eae ehi eo sd sto xuit kmh doata TP v i djeh vvi to uong vi phgm cac quy djnh vl chit luong VSATTP.
+ Sd Cdng thuong: Chi dgo co quan quto ly thi tmtag chi dOng va phoi hop vdi nganh y t i kiim tta, x i ly nghifm vifc buon ban, luu thdng cac TP gia, TP khdng
dam bao chit luong, VSATTP, khdng thuc hifn hogc thuc hien khdng dung eae qui dmh ve bao bi, taan hifu TP. ' '
+ Sd Ndng nghifp va Phat triin Ndng thdn, Sd Thuy san va Sd Khoa hoc & Cong nghe, Sd Tai nguySn va Mdi tratag: TS chuc phdi hap sau rdng yeu ciu cac quy ttinh s i dung hda chat bio ve thue vat, thuie chuyen ngata, phan bdn hoa hoc, hoa chat kich thich ttog tratag... tdi ngudi s i dgng di bio dam an loan sic khoe cho ngudi tiiu ding.
^ + Cac ngtoh, eae don vi ed eo quan y ti phai ehi dao co quan y ti true thupc phoi hpp vdi to chuc y tS dja phuang trong vifc kiim tra, giam sat cac co sd san xuit chS bien, kita doanh TP ya djeh vg to uing trong cac don vj true thudc, ddng thdi hutag ing va tham gia triln khai "Thang htoh dpng vi chit lupng VSATTP".
_- Cto phai xay dung co chi phii hpp hogt dfng chat che, phto cdng trach nhiem eu thi cho ting nganh, cd su dan xen gitta cae edng doan di bao dam quan ly chit lupng VSATTP theo chudi TP nhu di xuit cua Uy ban Thutag vu Qude hSi. Cac co quan quto ly taa nude cin xay dgmg chuin quic gia vi xa, phutag dam bao VSATTP vdi nhttng tieu ehi eg thi, coi day la mpt tieu chuan di edng nhan la khu phi van hda. Chinh quySn co sd, cae to ehic ehinh ttj-xa hpi cd trich nhifm to chic thuc hien vdi svr hutag dto cia cic cp quan chuySn mdn.
Day taata tien dp thtoh l^p va tang cutag ntog luc hpat dpng cia Chi cue ATVSTP cac tinh thata phd.
- Thata lap va dua vao hogt ddng hf thing thanh tra ehuySn ngata vi VSATTP den cap quto, huyin.
Xay dvmg va chuin hda cac phdng kiim nghifm vi VSATTP dat chuin qude gia, khu vue va dan dat din tiSu chuin quic ti.
cae ban ngata ttong vai ttd, ttach taiem eua mita cto tham muu xay dvmg tatag chita sach thich hpp di dau tt, ap dung dupe taung each thic quto ly tien tiin tau GAP, HACCP ttong sto xuat, chi biin nong lam, thiy sto va TP.
Cto cd tattng che tai va sir giam sat chat che dS budc ngudi lam tai cac bip an tap thS phai tuto thi cic quy djta ve VSATTP. Trong khi lue lupng chuySn ngata cdn rat mdng thi chita quySn dja phuang can van dimg, quan tam huy ddng mpi luc luong hien cd de kiim tra. Idem soat boat dpng VSATTP ttSn dja bto mita quan ly.
Tang kita phi boat ding eho chuong ttinh muc tiSu quoc gia VSATTP vi kinh phi hifn nay cdn qua ban hep, hau nhu chua cd kinh phi cho tuyen co sd hoat dpng nen hifu qua.
Chi dao kjp thdi va thuc hifn xay dimg kl hogch hogt dpng cd su tham gia cia edng ding dl phi hpp vdi dilu kifn vi thuc trgng eua dja phuang
2.2. Vdi nganh y t i - c i n diy manh ban ntta cdng tac ttuyin thong giao due true tiip nhim ntog cao
tagn thic, ky ntog thvrc hata va ^ thic ttieh taiem cia cac co quan, td chic, ci tato vl VSATTP; ttog cudng ttySn trayin ttSn cac phuang tifn thong tin dai ehtog, cac thong tin phai hit s ic chinh xac dim bao dp tin cgy cao. Cin quy djnh chat che ttong viec qutog eao cac sto phim ttin cae phuang tifn thdng tm dai chung vi day la k i t a ttySn ttuyin cd tim ata hutag Ita, niu thong tin thiSu ehinh xac se khd khae phue.
Tham muu cho ban chi dao VSATTP cia tinh tang cutag edng tac giam sat, ttiin khai md hita diim vi VSATTP. Qua cic dpt thata tra, kiim tra cin cong khai kit qua thata tta, kiim tta di v ia giao dge, bilu duong, hoac cata bao cho ngudi tieu dtag va taa sto xuat.
89
- Tang cuong cdng tac quto ly chat lupng VSATTP, nang cao ty IS d p gily Chung nhgn d i diSu kien VSATTP dii vdi cic doanh nghiSp ed liSn quan din TP khuyen khich cae doanh nghifp eong bd tieu chuin sto phim TP theo quy dinh
- Ttog cutag cdng tac thanh tra vl VSATTP, qua dd phat hiSn x i ' ly cac sai pham, dua hogt dpng san xuat kinh doanh TP vao khudn khd phap luat.
- Quto ly tdt cac yiu td nguy eo TP gdp phin giam sd vu, sd'ngudi mle va s i ngudi t i vong do ngp dpe TP
2.3. Ngudi lam SX, CBTP; kinh doanh TP - Cto phii ttto thi cac quy djta cia tai nude di dam bap VSATTP. - Chju ttach iihifm vi san phim cia mita trade ngudi tieu ding va xa hpi.
Tham gia day d i cae buei tgp huin, trayin thing vi VSATTP. - Thuc hifn cae tiSu ehuin an tpan vf sita TP.
2.4. Ngudi dan
- De an toto, trade tien, mdi ngudi phai tir y thic dupe vifc bao vf sic khoe cua bto thto, nghiSm tie hon va xem lai each to udng cia mita.
- Thutag xuySn cap tagt kiin thic VSATTP thdng qua cac budi hutag din cia cto bp y ti , cic chuang ttinh hutag din VSATTP trSn eae phuang tiSn thdng tin dai ehtog, tai lifu, td roi, ip phich..
- Hgn che s i dung cic thie to bay bto tai dudng phd, chi mua d tattng noi dam bao vf smb.
LOU KET
Vto dS TP khong dam bao chat lupng VSATTP la nguySn taan ehi yiu din
den tattng thiet hgi khdng chi tita mang, sic khoe cung tau kita te cia ttag ngudi
hoac timg gia dita, ma cdn ata hutag dSn sic lao dpng cia toto xa hdi, i t a hutag
dSn uy tin htog hoa va lam giam kha ntog tiSu thu TP che bien t i ngudn nguyen lieu
ttong nude. Ching ta dilu biit, cic ci ging ntog cao chit lupng VSATTP, phdng
ngia ngd ddc do TP gay nSn da gdp phin thic diy sur phat triin kita ti, phic Ipi xa
hdi, s ic khde cpng ddng va cai thifn ehlt lupng cupc sdng. Chita vi vay, khi tien htoh
dl tai nay, khdng tattng giip ching tdi ttau ddi thim kiSn thie, kita nghifm khi tien
hanh dl tai nghiSn eiu khoa hpc trSn qui md toto tita, mi cdn giup chung tdi biet phat
huy hon cdng tae huy ddng su tham gia cia edng ddng ttong cac boat ddng nghien cuu
khoa hpc. Chtag tdi hy vpng kit qua nghien cim se giip cho taung taa hogch djta
chinh saeh cd ca sd khoa hpc trpng cdng tac xay dvmg kl hegch phi hpp vdi diiu kifn
thvrc tiln
Chu nhiSm de tai
/ • iVqcujwi Cth! O tm VaO
NHtnVG HINH ANH KHI THlTC HIEN DE TAI
XET DUYET DE CU'ONG
TAP H U A N THU T H ^ THONG TIN
MOT HI ()[ I'HONG VAN NGUOI TIEU DUNG
HOI THAO DANH GIA THV'C TRANG CONG TAC VSATTP
HOI THAO GOP V DE TAI
NGHIf M THU C A P CO SO
Phu luc 1
BANG CAU HOI PHONG VAN LANH DAO
Hp va ten: Tuii B t a v j : Chic i Dja diem: Ngiy phdng vin : Ngudi phdng vln :
Xin Ong (Ba) vui Idng cho biet mgt so thing tin sau:
TT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Can hdi
Dja phuang ed ban ehi dao VSATTP
Dja phuang nam qua cd quyit djta, chi thi hoac cdng van ve VSATTP Cd hpi nghj ttiin khai va ting kSt vS eong tac VSATTP
Khi ed vu ngp die TP xay ra, dja phuang thutag chi dgo cdng tac dd bing (Cd thl chon taiSu cau). Cd kS hogch boat dpng VSATTP tai dia phuang khdng? Ong (ba) eho biSt hlta thic myen traySn nio cd hieu qua tai dja phuong mita? (Cd thi chon taiiu cau).
Theo a ta cac ban ngata ddan the nao da ddng vai trd quan trpng taiiu tail trong cdng tac VSATTP? (Cd thi chpn taieu cau).
Theo Ong (Ba) di thvrc hifn tdt cdng tae VSATTP dja phuong cin lam gi? (Cd thi chpn taiiu cau).
Theo Ong (Ba) di dam bao
Ma so cua cau tra ldi
l:Cd 2: Khdng
l:Cd 2: Khdng
l:Cd 2: Khong
1. Vto bto 2. True tiSp 3. Hita thic khac l.Cd 2. Khong
1 .Qua loa phit thanh xa. 2. Qua dai trayen hita 3. Qua bao ehi 4. Qua cac td roi, ttata ata 5. Hita thic khae 1. Hpi ndng dan 2. Doto thata nien 3. Hpi phu ntt 4. van hda thong tin 5. Hpi eho thap dd 6. Hpi evm chiin bita 7. Ngata giao due 9. Khac... 1. xay dvmg kS hogch hogt dpng cho ban chi dgo sat thuc 2. Thutag xuyin kilm tta, giam sat 3. TS chic taiiu hita thic tuyen trayen cho ngudi dan 4. Djta ky td chic so kit, tdng kit cing tac dam bao chit luong VSATTP 5. Khac
I. san xuit 2. Chi biin
Tra IM
10.
II .
12.
13.
VSATTP cto Iuu y t i khau nao? (Cd the chpn taieu eau).
Tren dja bto huyfn/xa ed he thdng loa truyin thata khdng? Vgy tuyen tuyin vl VSATTP eho nhto dto bao nhiSu lln/thtog?
Theo Ong ba ed cto tham gia tfp huin kiin thic VSATTP? cac thdng tin ve VSATTP ong ba
thutag tagn dupe tu nguon nao?
(Cd thl chpn nhiiu eau).
3. Bao quan, 4. Phan phii 5. Vto chuySn 6. S i dung 7. Khac 1. Cd 2. Khdng
1. llto 2. 2 - 3 lin 3. 4 - 6 lln 4. > 6 lin 5. Khdng cd lan nao 1. Cd 2. Khdng
1. Cac phuang tien thdng tin 2. Cto bp y te 3. Ban cham sde sie khoe 4. Khac (ghi rd)
14. Tgi dja phuang Ong Ba ed taiiu ngudi bto hang rong khdng? Dja phuong quto ly hp tau thS nao?
15. Theo Ong (ba) di lam tit cdng tac quto ly ngudi bto hang rong cto lam gi?
16. Theo Ong (ba) dl lam tit edng tac quan Iy chit luong VSA'TTP tai dja phuang d n phai lam gi? (cae gpi y khi cin: vl cac co sd san xuit, chi biin, kita daata TP, djeh vu to udng?; thata, kiim tta?; phdi hop ban ngata?)
17. Theo Ong (ba) di ntog cao kiin thic cho ngudi dto vi VSATTP eto lam gi?
cam on Ong (Ba) da eung cip cho ching tii tattng thdng tin tten.
Ngirtridirffc phong van Di4u tra viin
Xac nhSn cua ea quan chii tri de tai
BANGCAUHOI DANH CHO NGlTcn BAN THl/C PHAM
Phu luc so 2
HgvatSn: Tu6i.. Dia chi:
T T 1
2
3
4
5
7
8
9
10
11
Cau hoi
Trinh dp hpc vto
Thdi gian lam vifc tai ca sd
Co giay chtog nhto kham sic khoe djta ky cbo ngudi che bien. Bao nhieu lau dupe kham sic khoe dinh ky 1 lln. C6 gily chtog nhto da tham gia tfp huin kiin fliic VSATTP Di dam bao VSATTP cin ria tay khi nao. (C6 the chpn nhieu cau)
Ria tay btog
Lau khd tay sau khi ria btog
Thuc hata tit vf sita ca nhto (Co thl chpn nhieu cau)
cac thvic phim bao goi sto phai cd nhSii day di npi dung theo quy djnh. (C6 thS chpn nhif u cau)
Ma so ciia cau tra loi
l .Capl. 2. d p 2. 3. d p 3 4. Khac 1. < 1 nam 2. 1 - < 5 ntoi 3.5-<10ntoi 4. > 10 nam l.<12 thtog 2. > 12 thtog 3. Khong 1. 6 thtog 2. 1 nam 3. > 2 nam 4. Khong cto 1.C6 2. Khdng
1. Sau khi di ve sinh 2. Trudc khi tiip xuc vdi thuc phtoi 3. Sau khi sd vao toe, tai, mii hay cac bo phto
khac cua co the. 4. Sau khi xi mui 5. Sau khi hut thuoc la 6. Sau khi di rac hay tiep xuc vdi TP bi 6
nhiem. 1. Xa phong, nude sach 2. Nude sach 3. Nude da dtog (ria ly, ria chen....) 1. Gily lau 1 Ito 2. Khto sach 3. May thii kho 4. Chui vao tap dl 5. Lau vao quto ao dang mac 6. Khac: 1. Djnh ky htog nam kham sic khoe va cay phto 2. Tim ria, gpi diu trudc va sau khi di lam 3. Gitt mong tay ngin va sach se. 4. Ria tay dtog qui dinh 5. Co quin ao sach, mu chup toe khi tiep xiic
vdi TP 6. Btog vlt thuong tay bing gac khong tham
nude 7. BOidng tilp xuc vdi TP khi bj bfnh 8. Thao di trang sic khi tiip xuc vol TP 9. Khong dtog tay tiip xic true tiip vol TP 10. BChong ho, hit hoi, nhai keo,...tai khu che
bien. 1. Ten thitc phim 2. Ten, dia chi co sd sto xuat TP 3. Dinh lupng cua thue phirn 4. Chl tieu chit lupng chi yiu cua TP 5. Ngay SX, thdi hgn s i dung va bao quto TP
tra lii
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Chi bto thuc pham
Di goi thuc phtoi cho khach dtog
Tnmg bay thge phim hoSc chia d kho tau bata kgo, mi ta liin d kf, gia, tu... phai Di thuc pham khong qud han s i dung cto phai
Nhung sto pham cdn hgn s i dung nhung bj hu hdng, bien chat thi C6 nen dtog hoa chat dl bao quto thgc phim khong Nguyen lifu thuc pham lay tu
Khi mua nguyen lifu eo kiem tra
Noi bto htog phai
Khi bay bto thit phai de tten bto cao bao taiSu cm Khi bto cac thic to chin co dung cu gap thic to cho khach htog Thutag nghe thong tin VSATTP d B^ ntog cao kiin thic VSATTP cto
6. Hudng dan bao quto, si dung TP 7. Xuat xu cua thuc phim 1. C6n han s i dgng 2. Khong mic, hu hong 3. Co nhto mac 4. Biet ro nguin goc 1. Giay bao 2. Bang la 3. Bao nylon sgch 4. Dung cu sach 5.Khac 1. Ching bui 2. Chong mua, 3. Chong ning 4. Ching con trmg 5.Cachtutog20cm 6. Cach nin 20 cm 1. Kiem tra han ding djnh l<y 2. sap xep thgc pham theo han diing 3 1. Be bto 2. Huy bo 3. Khong de y nhung van de do. 1.C6 2. Khong
l.Chp 2. Sieu thj 3. Ngudi cung cap thudng xuyen 1. Hgn dtog 2. Nguon goc 3. Hinh dang ben ngoai 4. Khac 1. Cao rao, thotog mat 2. Sach se 3. Khong CO moi, nhtog, con trtog... 1. Cach mat dat < 60cm 2. Cach mat dat > 60cm 1.C6 2. Khong
l.TiVi 2. Sach bao 3. Ban be 4. Dai phat thanh 5.Ctobpyte 1. Duac tap huto 2. Duac cung cap tai Heu 3. Co chuong trinh VSATTP tren tivi, dai phat thanh
Ngudi dug'c phong van DiSu tra vien
Co quan ehu tri de til
BANG CAU HOI DANH C H O NGir6l TIEU DUNG
Hp va ten: Tuoi. Dia chi:
..Nam .
TT
1.
2.
3.
4. 5.
6.
7.
8.
cau hoi
Trinh dp hpc vto
Nghe nghifp chita (taieu cau tta ldi deu dupe) Hoto canh gia dinh
Dto tpc Thuc pham co the gay ngp doc vi (Co thl chpn nhieu cau)
Chpn cac loai rau qua cto (Co thl chon nhilu cau) cac tieu chuto thjt ttoi (Co thl chpn taiiu cau)
Chpn ca phai (Cd thl chpn nhiSu cau)
Ma so cua cSu tra 151
i . d p i . 2. d p 2. 3. d p 3 4 Khac 1. Nong nghifp, lam ray 2. Cong nhan 3. Nhto vien vto phong 4. Buon bto 5. Thit nghifp 6. Khac (cu thl) 1. Ngh^o 2. Khong thuoc dien ngheo 3. D i t a 4. Khac (ghi ro) 1 Kinh 2 Khac (ghi ro) 1. Si dgng cac chat bao quto, phu gia thuc pham
khong cho phep hoac qua lieu luang quy dinh. 2. B^ thuc pham tilp xuc true tiep hoac gan noi 6
taiem. 3. De thic ta qua dem hoac qua 3 gid 6 nhiet dp
thutag, khong che day thic to de bui bto, cac loai con trtog gtoi nham, moi nhang va cac dpng vat khac tilp xuc gay 6 nhiem.
4. Khong ria tay trade khi chuin hi thuc phim, thic to. . ^ . .
5. Dtog chung dao, that hoac dl lln thuc phim song voi thuc ta chin.
6. Ria thuc phim, dung cu ta uing bing nude tailm bto.
7. Nlu thuc phim chua chin hoac khong dun soi lai tmdc khi ta. _
8. Dtog khto bin dl lau dgng cu an uing. 9. Ngudi chl biln thuc phim bi mac cac benh trayen
nhilm, ia ehay, nhilm trung d da... 1 Tuoi, 2. Khong bj dgp nat, 3. BOidng CO mau sic la 4. Khong co mui vi la
1. Mtog ngoai kho, 2. Mui va mau sSc binh thudng,
3. Khii thit rin chic, 4. Da khong c6 nhtog nit xuit huylt mau do tim 5. Ngon tay In vao thit tao thtoh vlt 15m nhung khdng de Igi diu vlt khi nhic ngon tay ra. 6. Thjt khdng dupe co lu trtog sto mau tetog nhd bing hat gao. l.Thto ca chic, khi dS len bto tay thto ca Ko thong xuing. ,
2. Mat ttong suit, giac mac dto hdi. 3. Mifng ngtoi ctag. 4 Mang mau dd tuai.
Tra 161
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
Chpn trtag (Cd the chon taiiu cau)
cac thuc pham dong hpp, dong goi sin phai CO tato ghi day di ndi dung: (Cd the chpn taiiu cau)
Khong s i dgng cac logi thge phim (C6 the chpn taiiu cau)
Thdi gian chuto bj trudc thic to
Bao quto thic to
Ria sach rau qua trudc khi nau, to Sau khi ria co cto ngam rau, qua khdng Cd dtog tt lata bao quto thuc phim Khi che bien va bao quto thuc phim thi Cach ria tay
Ve sita dgng cu ta uong
Dtog dao thdt chung cho TP sing va chin.
Noi ehi biln thie to, Ti dl chen, dia, phdng to
Thtog dvmg ric, thai bd
Ngudn nude dtog cho gia dita
5. vay ttai ong ata, dita chat vao thto. 6. Bgng binh thutag, hau mon thut sau va mau tring taat.
7. Kbi cat thiy thjt ca rin chic, dto hii, dinh chat vao xuong sing. 1. Vo trtog stog, Ichong c6 nhOng vfl xdm den, 2. Khong hi giap, vd. 3. Qua trtog c6 mau hong trong suit khi soi qua anh stog
1. Ten sto phtoi, 2. Trpng lupng, 3. cac thtoli phto chinli, 4. Cach bao quan, su dung, 5. Nai sto xuat chl biln, 6. Co si dtog ky san xuit 7. Cdn thdi gian s i dgng 1. Da bj hu hong, mic, nim... 2. C6 chat bao quto, pham mau cua tatog co sd khong dtog ky chit lupng. 3._ Cac thgc pham con nghi ngd, chua biet ro nguon gie.
l.<2gid 2. 2-4 gid 3. >4 gid
1. Che dfy btog vung, long bto 2. Tu kinh 3. Khong che day 1.1 lto 2. 2 lto 3. > 3 Ian
l.Cd 2. Khong
1.C6 2. Khong
1. De rieng TP sing va chin 2. De chung ca hai loai TP song va chin 1. Ria btog nude sach 2. Ria bing xa phong vdi nude sach 3. Ria dudi vol nude sgch, ehay liSn tuc 4. Lau bing khta kho, sgch hoac btog giay lau 1 lto 1. Ria btag xa phong (nude ria chen) va nuac sach 2. Chi ria btag nude 3. Chi ria btag nude ndng l.Cd 2. Khong
1. Sach, hpp ve sinh 2. KhSng hpp vf sinh 3. Cgta cong rata idpng 3.Catanaibuiban,o nhilm 1. Sach, km, c6 nSp dfy 2. Sach kin, khing eo nap 3. Rach, bin, rd ri 4. Khong ed thtog dvmg rdc 1. Nude may 2. Nude mua 3. Nude giing khota 4. Nude Gilng khoi
24.
25.
26.
C6 tham gia nghe noi chuyen vl VSATTP Thutag nghe thdng tin VSATTP d dau
De ntog cao kiln thic VSATTP cin
5. He thdng tu ehay
1. Tham gia 2. Khdng c6 thdi gian
l.TiVi 2. Sach bao 3. Ban be 4. Dai phat thanh 5. Ctobpyte 1. Cto dupe nghe n6i chuyfn ve VSATTP. 2. Dupe cung cap tai lifu 3. Co chuang trinh VSATTP tten tivi, dai phat thanh 4..Kh4c...
Ngu6i dugic phong van Dieu tra vien
Xac nhan cua CO quan chu tri de tai
Phu lue sd 4
BANG CAU HOI DANH CHO NGirOd B A N T H V C P H A M B A N RONG
Hp vaten: Xuii Dja chi;
T T 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Can hoi
Trita dp hpc vto
Thdi gian di bto thirc pham
Cd giay ehtog tato kham sie khoe djta ky Bao taieu lau dupe kham sic khde dita ky 1 Ito. C6 gily chtog tato da tham gia tgp huan kiln thic VSATTP De dam bao VSATTP cto ria tay khi nao? (Cd thS chpn taieu cau)
Ria tay btog
Lau khd tay sau khi ria btog
Sau khi dta tien cho khach htog hoSe di chuyin phuang tifn vto chuyen thic ta (xe diy, xe dap, gata htog...) rdi lai bto diie to cho khach htog co ria lai tay khdng? Thuc hata tit vf sita ea tato (Cd thi chpn nhilu eSu)
Chi bto thvrc pham fC6 thi chon nhilu cau)
Ma so cua cau tra loi
l .Capl. 2. Cdp 2. 3. d p 3 4. Khac l .< lnam 2. l -<5nam 3. 5-<10nam 4. > 10 nam 1.<I2 thtog 2. > 12 thang 3. Khong 1. 6 thtog 2. 1 nam 3. > 2 ndm 4. Khong can 1.C6 2. Khong
1. Sau khi di ve sita 2. Tmdc khi tiep xuc vdi thuc pham 3. Sau khi sd vao toe, tai, mii hay cac bp phto khac cua co the. 4. Sau khi xi mui 5. Sau khi hut thuoc Id 6. Sau khi di rdc hay tiep xuc vdi TP bj 6 nhilm. 1. Xa phdng, nude sach 2. Nude sach 3. Nude da dtog (ria ly, ria chen....) 1. Gily lau 1 lln 2. Khta sach 3. Chui vao tap dl 4. Lau vao quto do dang mac 5.Khdc:
1.C6 2. Khong
1. Djta ky htog nam khdm sic khoe vd cay phto 2. Tim ria, gpi diu trade va sau khi di lam 3. Gitt mdng tay ngin va sach se. 4. Ria tay dtog qui djnh 5. Co quin ao sach, mu chup toe khi tiep xuc vdi
TP , 6. Btog vlt thuong tay bing gac khong tham
nude 7. Khong tilp xuc voi TP khi bi beta 8. Thao di tttag sic d tay khi tiep xic vdi TP 9. Khdng dtog tay tilp xuc ttuc tilp vdi TP 10. Khong ho, hit hoi, taai keo,...tai khu chi bien. 1. Cdn han s i dung 2. Khdng moc, hu hong 3. Co tato mac 4. Bilt ro nguin goc
Tra IM
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
Phuang ti?n v ^ chuydn thuc an (xe day, xe dap, ganh hang...) phM Rua dyng cu an, uong nhu (bat, chen, dua, thia...) nhu thd nao? Lau dyng cu dung thiic an bang De lay thiic an cho khach diing 0e goi thye pham cho khach diong
NguySn lifu thuc pham muatu Khi mua nguyen lieu can kiem tra nh&ng gi? (C6 the chpn nhieu cau) Cdc thye phSm bao g6i sSn phai CO nhan day du npi dung theo quy dinh. (Co thl chpn nhi^u cau)
Noi ban thiic an phai
Ncfi ban thiic an phai xa ngu6n 6 nhilm. (Co the chon nhieu cau) Co dung cu dyng chat thai khong Dung cy dung chat thai
Thuong nghe thong tin VSATTP Cf DS nang cao kiSn thiic VSATTP c k (Co the chon nhiSu cSu) Khi duoe moi di nghe noi chuydn (tap huan) vd VSATTP, Ong (Ba) c6 di khong?
1. Kin 2. Tranh dupfc con trung, ru6i... 3. Tranh dupe mua, nang 4. Tranh dupe bui
1. Riia bang nuoc sach 1 lin 2. Riia bang nuoc sach 2 lan 3. Riia bang nuoc sach 3 lin l.Khan 2. Giay sach 3. Giay bao 4. Khong lau 1. Tay true tiep 2.Tay co bao tay 3.Dyngcy de gap 1. Giay bao 2. La 3. Bao nylon sach 4. Dung cu sach 5.Khac l.Chp 2. Sieu thi 3. Nguoi cung cap thuong xuyen I.Han dimg 2. Nguon goc 3. Hinh dang ben ngoai 4.Khac... 1. Ten thye pham 2. Ten, dia chi co so san ximt TP 3. Dinh lupng cua thuc pham 4. Chi tieu chat luong chu yeu ciia TP 5. Ngay SX, thai han SD, thai han bao quan TP 6. Huong dan bao quan, huong din su dung TP 7. Xuat xu cua thuc pham 1. Cao rao > 60cm 2. Cao < 60cm 3. S ch se 4. Khong CO ruoi, nhang, con trimg... 1. C6ng ranh 2. Rac thai 3. C6ng trinh ve sinh 4. Noi bay ban gia cam, gia sue con song 1.C6 2. Khong
l.Kin 2. Co nap day 3. D6 di sau m6i lan ban hang rong. 1. Ti vi 2. Sach bao 3. Ban be 4. Dai phat thanh 5, Nhan vien Y te 1. Dupe nghe noi chuyen \k VSATTP. 2. Duoe cung cap tai lieu 3. Dupe tap huan 4 Co chuane trinh VSATTP tren tivi, dai PT 1.C6 2. Khong
Nguiri dupe didu tra Dieu tra vien
Cff quan chu tri de tai
Phu luc so 5
BANG QUAN SAT THlTC HIEN VE SINH VOl THlTC AN DITONG PHO
Hpvatto: Tuii.. Dja chi:
T T 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
HOAT BONG
Bao dam du nude sgch
Co dung cu ritog de gip thie ta chin, sing
Cd de lto thie to chin vdi thic ta sing
Ve sito nai chl bien thuc phim sach
Nai che biin thye pham cd each bift nguin 6 nhiem (cing, ranh, rac thai, cong trinh ve sinh, nai bay bto gia sue, gia ctoi...) Nhto vien c6 tap de, khau trang, mu khi bto htog Thic ta dupe bay bto tten gid cao tten 60 cm
Thic ta chin c6 dupe bdy bto ttong tu kinh
Thic ta CO dupe bao goi hop ve sinh
Ria tay va giS bto tay saeh ttong suit qua trinh chi bito, bto htog Co dung cu chia dung rac thai
CO KHONG GHI CHU
Bieu tra viSn
Xic nh^n cua co* quan chu tri de tai
Phu luc so 6
BANG CAU HOI DANH CHO NGlTcn SAN XUAT, CHE BIEN THU C PHAM
Hp vaten: Tuii.. Dja chi:
TT 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Cau hoi Trinh do hpc vto
Thoi gian lam vife tgi co si
Co giay ching toto khdm sic khoe djnh ky cho nguii Itoi djeh vu che bien. Bao nhieu lau dupe kham sic khoe dito ky 1 Ito. C6 giay chtog nhto da tham gia tap huan kiin thic VSATTP Nhung nguoi bj mdc cdc bfnh ndo khong dupe tham gia vao qud ttinh sto xuat hay che bien thuc phdm (Co the chpn nhieu cau)
Co dupe mac ttang ph\ic rieng khong khi chi sto xuat TP Mong tay cua nguoi sto xudt, che bien thuc pham cto Co dupe deo di ttang sire khi tiip xic true tiip vol thuc phdm. Co but thuie, hat hoi, nhai keo, khac nhi...khi tiip xuc vol thuc pham Cto ria tay khi nao (Co thl chpn nhieu cau)
Ria tay btog
Lau kho tay sau khi ria btog
Khi CO vit xuic 6 bto tay, ngon tay eto
Ca so sto xuit c6 nhd vf suih
Ma si cua eau tra 161 l.Capl. 2, Cap 2. 3. Cdp 3 4. Khdc l .<lnam 2. l -<5nam 3. 5-<10nam 4. > 10 ndm l.<12 thtog 2. > 12 thtog 3. Khdng
1. 6 thtog 2. 1 nam 3. > 2 nam 4. Khong cto 1.C6 2. Khong
1. Lao tien triin chua dupe dieu tri 2. Bfnh duong tieu hoa (Td, Ly, Th/hto...) 3. Viem gan vi nit (A va E) 4. Cdc benh ngoai da nhiem trtog 5. Viem duong ho hap cap tinh 6. Cdc chtog son ddi, son phto 7. Khdc 1.C6 2. Khong
1. Cat ngto, gitt sach 2. Khong cdn quan tam 1.C6 2. Khong
1.C6 2. Khong
1. Sau khi dive sinh 2. Tiep xuc voi thuc pham sing 3. Khi gai ngia, ngody tai 4. Khi dung vdo rdc, quto do 5. Khi hut thuoc 6. Truic khi chi biin thuc phim l.Xdphong, nuicsach 2. Nuac sgch 3. Nude da dtog (ria rau, ria chen....) 1. Giiy lau l l to 2. Khan 3. Chui vao tap di 4. Lau vdo quto do dang mac
1. Btog bo btog gac sach 2. Btog bo btog gac sach vd di gfag tay 3. Khong cin lam gl 1.C6 2. Khong
Trd lii
17.
20.
21.
22.
23.
'24.
Co s i sto xuat c6 phuong tifn ria tay vd khi trtog tay Bdo quto TP tit can (Co thi chpn nhiiu cdu)
Thuc hdnh tot luu thSng TP Id (Co thi chpn nhiiu cau)
Thuc hdnh tot vf sito ca nhto (C6 thi chpn nhiiu cdu)
1.C6 2. Khong
1. Luu gia trong khu vue, dung cu, trang bj chuyfn dtog (tu lanh, kho lanh,...) 2. pa dung bao goi khong thing, khong nhiem ban, ri ret...c6 nSp day 3. Bdo quto d nhiet dp an todn 4. Bdo ddm thM gian bdo qudn. 5. Khong dtog chat bao quto ngoai qui djnh 1. Dung trang thiet bj chuyen ding 2. Che dfy, bao gii TP an toto, trdnh lay
nhilm them vdo TP 3. Gitt nhift df an toto cho ting TP 4. Bao dam dtog thai gian vto chuyin. 5. Khong lam thay doi tinh chat cua TP
Co sa sto xuat CO giay chtog nhto "Thuc hanh ve sinh tit" Nhiing he thong quto ly chdt lupng VSATTP nao dang dupe dp dung tgi cac co so sto xuat, che bien thuc phdm hien nay' Htog nam co dupe tap huto ve VSATTP
1. Djnh ky htog nSm khdm sic khoe vd cay phto 2. Tdm ria, gpi ddu truoc vd sau khi Idm 3. Gitt m6ng tay ngta yd sach se. 4. Ria tay dtog qui djnh 5. C6 qudn do sgch, mu chup toe khi tiip xuc vai TP 6. Btog yit thuong tay bang gac khong thdm nuoc 7. Khong tiip xuc vol TP khi bi benh 8. Thdo do ttang sic khi tiip xuc vai TP 9. Khong dtog tay t. xuc true tiip voi TP 10. Khong ho, toai keo... tai khu ch. biin 1.C6 2. Khong 1. HACCP 3. GHP
2. GMP 4. Khac .
1.C6 2. Khong
Thuong nghe thong tin VSATTP a (Co the chpn nhieu eau)
l.Tivi 2. Sach bdo 3. Ban be 4. Ddi phdt thanh 5. Ctabpyti
De ntog eao kito thic VSATTP cto (Cd the chpn nhieu cau)
1. Dupe tgp huto 2. Cung cap tdi lifu 3. Co chuang tiinh VSATTP tiSn tivi, ddi phat thanh
NgvM dwffc dieu tra Dieu tra vien
Ctf quan chu tri de tai
Phu luc so 7
BANG CAU HOI DANH CHO NGirtn CHE BitN THl/C PHAM TAI BfiP AN TAP THE
Hp va tto: Tuii Dja chi eo quan: s i lupng nguoi to tii da/btta to:
TT 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Cau hoi Trinh dp hpc vto
Thii gian lam vifc tai co si
Co giay chtog nhto khdm SK djnh ky cho nguoi che bien TP Bao nhieu Idu dupe khdm sic khie dinh ky 1 lan Htog ndm co dupe tap huto lai ve VSATTP Co so da dupe cap "Giiy chtog nhto CO so di dieu kifn ATVSTP" Co gidy chtog nhto da tham gia tap huin kien thic VSATTP Khi bi cam cum, tieu ehay co tham gia chi biin thuc phdm khong Nhtog nguoi bi mdc cdc benh ndo khong duac tham gia vao qud trinh sto xudt hay chi biin thuc phim (Co thi chpn nhieu cau)
Co mac ttang phuc rieng kbi cbS biin TP khong? Mong tay cia nguoi sto xuat thuc
Co deo do trtag sic 6 tay khi chi biin hogc tiip xuc vai tiiuc pham
Cto ria tay khi tmo (Co thi chpn nhiiu cdu)
Lau kho tay sau khi ria btog
Ria tay btog
Ma so cua cau tra loi l.Cdpl 2. Cap 2 3. Cap 3 4. Khdc l .<lnam 2. l -<5nam 3. 5-< 10 nam 4. > 10 nam l.<12 thtog 2. > 12 thtog 3. Khong 1. 6 thtag 2. 1 ndm 3. > 2 nam 4. Khong can 1.C6 2. Khong
1.C6 2. Khong 3.Khon|Jbiet 1.C6 2. Khong
1.C6 2. Khong
1. Lao chua dupe diiu trj. 2. Benh duong tieu hod (Td, Ly, Thuong hto...) 3. Viem gan vi rut (A vd E) 4. Cdc bfnh ngodi da nhiim tiing 5. Viem duong ho hdp cap tinh 6. Cdc chtog son ddi, s6n phto.
1.C6 2. Khong
1. cat ngto, giu sach 2. EChong cdn quan tdm 1.C6 2. Khong
1. Sau khi dive sinh 2. Tiip xuc vol thuc phdm s6ng 3. Khi gai ngia, ngody tai 4. Khi dung vdo rdc, di bdn, quto do 5. Khi hut thuie 6 Trucrc khi chi biin thuc phdm 1. Gidy lau Hto 2. Khta sach 3. Chui vao tap di 4. Lau vao quto ao dang mac
1. xa phdng, nucrc sgch 2. Nude sgch 3 Nude da dtog (riia rau, ria chen....)
Trd loi
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21. 22. 23.
24.
25.
Khi ria tay cto ria i vj tti ndo? (Co the chpn nhiiu eau)
Co so chi bien TP c6 nha vf sinh
Bdo quto TP tit eto phdi ldm gi? (Co the chpn nhieu cau)
Nguyen lieu thye phtoi mua t i
Khi mua nguyto lifu cto luu y nhttng gi? (Co the chpn toieu cdu)
C6 luu mau thuc pham khong? Mdu dupe luu ttong bao Idu? Thuc hdnh tit vf sinh ca nhto (Co the chpn nhieu cau)
Thuong nghe thdng tin VSATTP a (Co thi chon nhiiu cdu) Di ntog cao kito thic VSATTP cto (Co tiii chpn nhiiu cdu)
1. Gan bto tay 2. Mu ban tay 3. Ci tay 4. Khe ngon tay 5. Mong tay 6. Chi ria nhtog nai bto tten tay 1.C6 2. Khong
1. Luu giu trong khu vue, dung cu, ttang bi chuyen dtog (tu lanh, kho Ignh,...) 2. Do dung bao goi khong thtog, khong nhiem bta, ri ret.. .co nap day 3. Bdo quto a nhiet dp an toto 4. Bao dam thoi gian bdo quto 5. Khong dung chdt bdo quto ngodi qui djnh l.Chp 2. Sieu thj 3. Nguoi cung cap thuong xuyen 1. Han dtog 2. Nguon goc 3. Hinh dang ben ngoai 4. Khac 1.C6 2. Khong 1.4 gia 2. 12 gia 3. 24 gicr 1. Dinh ky htog nam kham sic khoe vd cay phto 2. Tdm ria, goi ddu truac vd sau khi di lam 3. Gitt m6ng tay ngto vd sach se. 4. Ria tay dtog qui dinh 5. Co qudn do sach, mu chup toe khi tiSp xuc voi TP 6. Btag yit thuong tay btog gac khong tham nuoc 7. Khong tiip xuc voi TP khi bi benh 8. Thdo di trang sic khi tiip xuc voi Tp 9. Khong dtog tay tiep xuc true tiip voiTP 10. Khong ho, hat hoi, nhai keo,... tgi khu che bi8n. l.Tivi 2. Sdeh bdo 3. Bail be 4. Ddi phdt tiianh 5. Ctabpyt i 1. Dupe tap huto 2. Dupe cung cdp tdi lieu 3. Co chuong tiinh VSATTP tten tivi, ddi phat thanh
Ngiroi Smfc dieu tra Di€u tra vien
Phu luc si 8
BANG THU THAP KET QUA HOAT DONG TTGDSK VE VE SINH AN TOAN THUC PHAM
Dorn vi: Huyfn: Nguoi eung cap thong tin: Dieu tra vien:
1. Xdy dung ki hoach hoat dpng TTGDSK ve VSATTP: Co CD Khong CD
2. Ki hoach do: cdp ttto dua xuing I I Tu xdy dung I 1
3. Nhtog ai tham gia xdy dung ke hogch hoat dpng TTGDSK vi VSATTP tai dia phuong:
Cto bp y ti CD Ban ehdm s6c sic khoe CD Nguoi dto CD
Nguoi khic (ghi cy the) 4. Ke hogch boat dpng TTGDSK ve VSATTP tgi dja phucmg dupe thong qua cac cap chinh quyen dia phuang
Co CZI Khong CZl Si Idn thong qua: lan/nam 5. Cdc hinh thic thuc hien truyin thong ttong nam qua
Noi chuyfn vi VSATTP EH Thdo luan nhom •
Qua loa phdt tiianh CD Qua tiuyin hinh CD Tuvin CD Bdo SKQN-TTYD CD
Khdc CD
6. Thdnh lap btag tin (si lupng): btog;
Tgi:
7. Diim tuyen tiuyin btog Video diem;
Tgi:
S.Sto xudt cdc phuang tien ti^yen thong:
Sit imptao tam. Si to-rai to. Si khdu hieu (btag
ron): cau.
9. Nhto bto cde tai lifu VSATTP: hto.
10. Phii hpp phat tiianh, tmyin hinh va cdc phuang phdp khac di TTGDSK ve VSATTP:
- Si lto phat tiianh: lin; Uie si nguoi nghe: nguoi
- Si lin ttuyin binh: lto; Uie si nguoi xem: nguoi
A Di u tra vien Nguin diTflfc phong van
Xac nh^n cua ca quan ehu tri d% tai
Phu luc s6 9
MOT s o QUI DINH LIEN QUAN DEN
VE SINH AN TOAN THUC P H A M
l."Qui dinh vi diiu kifn bao dim an toan thuc phim tai eae nha an, bip
^^^oVfnn?!"" '"• '* '^"'' ^'"'"^ '•'^ l*''" ^"^^ *» ««""' •''•'10 Quyit dinh si 4428/2001/QD-BYT ngiy 3/10/2001euaB9yti.
£)/•« (?ie/«, mdi Iru&ng
_ Chpn vj tri xay dung ca so sto xuit, chi biin thue pham ein xem xet cac nguon 6 nhiem tiem an anh hudng tii sto phim thuc phim. Khong dat co so tai noi ma sau khi xem xet cac bifn phap bao ve vto thiy con mii de doa dii vii ve sinh an toto thue pham.
a) Co so sto xuit thirc phim phai b i tri each xa
- Khu VUC c6 moittuong o nhiim va cac hoat dpng cpng nghiep, sinh hoat eo nhito kha ntog gay 6 nhiim thgre phdm.
- Khu vue di bj u nuie, ngap lut, t r i khi co bifn phap bao vf, phong ngia mpt cich huu hifu.
- Khu vue de bj sinh vat gay hai pha hoai; khu vue eo cac chit thai rto hay long ma khong the loai bo ching mit cich eo hiiu qua.
- Duong npi bp ttong eo so tiiuc phim phai dupe xay dung bap dam tieu ehuin vf sinh, CO cing ranh thoat nuac tit, khep kin, khong gay 6 nhiim, bao dam vf sinh.
Vj tri eo so cin bao dam c6 di nguon nuac sach, thuto tien vi giao thing.
b) Yiu eau thiit ke, bo tri nha xuong
- Khu vue sto xuat, che bien thuc pham phai dupe thiet ke theo quy tac mpt chiiu t i nguyto lieu dau vap cho dto san phim cuii cing di tranh 6 nhiim.
- Co su cich bift giia khu san xuat va khong sto xuat, giia cac khu tiep nhto nguyen lifu, sa chi, che bito, bao goi, kho hang, khu vf sinh, khu thay ttang phuc, khu nha to di ttanh 5 nhiim cheo.
- Kho ehia dung va bao quan thuc phim cia co so sto xuit, kinh doanh thue phim phai dupe thiit k i phi hpp vii ydu eau cia ting leal thuc pham va tranh su xam nhap cia con trtag, dpng vat gay hai.
- Thiit ki, b i tri nha xuong phai phi hpp voi eong nghf va chtog loai sto phim, phong ngia dupe su 6 nhiim cheo thuc phim gitta cic cong doan sto xuit etog nhu khi thao tac, ehi biin va x i ly thuc phim.
c) Kit ciu nha xuong
- Kho, xuong, thiit bi cin b i tti phi hpp va thuto Ipi chp qua trinh sto xuit, chi biin tiiire phim di ap dung cac bifn phap x i Iy ve sinh.
- Trin nha: stog miu, lam btog cae vgt lifu khong thim nuoc, khong ran nit, ttanh moc, dpng nuac va cac chat bto.
- Sto nha: stog mau, lam btog cac vjt lieu khong fliam nuac, di ep ria, khong tton, khong gay doc dii vii thvtc phim, di lau chii, khi tiling va thoat nuoc tit.
, u." ^"^S ^^ &°^ ' " , ^ g nha: tuang phai phlng, cac goc nha phai lam Iron, stog mau, khong gay 6 nhiem doi vol thue phim, khong thim nuac, di cp r ia va khi tring.
^ - Cia ra vio: nhto, khong thim nuic, tit nhit la ty dpng dpng, m i va dong kin. Doi vdn eae ea so san xuat thue phim bao goi sin, thue phim dong hop phai thiit ki chi di nuoc sat tiring dtag ngam ing truac khi vio va ra.
- Cia so: phai de lau chii, dupe thiit ki sap ehp ban ehi bdm bui tii mie thip nhat. 0 nhing nai cto fliiit phai cp luai bao vf trtoh su xam nhap cia eon tring va dpng vat; luoi phai thuto tien cho vife lam vf sinh thuong xuyen.
- cae bi mat tiip xic true tiip vii tiiue phim: phai bin ving, di lau ehii, di duy til, bao duOng va tay trtag. Phai dupe lam btog cdc vat lifu nhto, khong thim nuoc, khing 6 nhiim ra thuc phim, khong hi bao min bii cae chit tly ria, tly trung trong nhiing diiu kifn binh thuong.
d) Hf thong thong gii:
- Hf tiling thing gi6 phi hpp vii dac thi sto xuit, kinh doanh cia co si , di phong ngia, ban chi den mic toi thiiu nguy eo 6 nhiim thue phim do khong khi hay nude ngung tu.
_ - Huong cia hf thong thong gii phii bao dam gio khong dupe thii t i khu vue nhiim bto sang khu vue sach.
- Hf thong thong gio phii dupe thiit ki an toto, di bao duong va kiim tta, eo ludi bao vi btog cae vat lifu khong gi, de thao roi de lam ve sinh.
e) Hf thong chiiu sang:
- Cto cung cap d i inh stog (khong dual 200 lux) tu nhien hay nhto tao de co the tien hanh thao tae dupe di dang. Cupng dp anh sang phai phi hop vii tinh chat thao tic.
- Nguin stog ein dupe che chto an toto di ttanh bj v8 va bao dam trong trudng hpp vo, cac manh vo khong rai vao thvrc pham.
g) Dung cu ehia chit thai va v$t phim khong ta dupe:
- Phai dupe lam btog vft lieu It bj hu hpng, bao dam kin, co nip ddy, tranh sur xam nhap cia dpng vat va dugc dpn ria thudng xuyin.
- D6 chia cic chit nguy hiim phai dupe thiit ki dac bift, de phto biet de ttanh nhim lin khi dtag, khi ein c6 thi khoa di ttanh su taiim bin thirc phim do ci y hay voy.
h) Hf thing cung d p nuae
- Hf thing cung eip nude phai diy d i va eo eae phuang tien di luu tru, phaii phii nuac, kiim soat nhift dp di bap dam tinh an toto va phi hop ttong sto xuit, chi biin thvre phim.
- Nuac s i dimg cho chi biin thvrc phim phai sach va khong chia cac chit o nhilm khac, bao dam tito ehuin vf smh an toto nuoc di uong va sinh boat theo quy djnh cia BO Y ti .
- Co sif sto xuat phai co day di nuac s^ch, du ip luc cung cap cho qua trinh lam sach, chi biin thuc phim. Thiit bj chia nuic phai dupe thiit ki phi hop cho vifc du hU va s i dung hpp ve sinh.
- Neu s i dving nuae hii luu, phdi x i ly vd duy tri sao cho bdo dam an loan, khong gay 6 nhiem thuc phim. Qua ttinh x i ly phdi dupe kiim spat bing cae bifn phip huu hifu.
i) Hf thing eung cip nuoc da
Nuac da ding cho to uing vi bao quto thyre pham phai dupe sto xuat t i nguon nuac sach va phai dupe bap quto, van chuyen hpp vf sinh theo quy djnh cia Bp Y ti.
k) Hf thing x i ly chit thai
- Hf thong thoat nuae va phuang tifn do chat thai phai dupe thiet ke vd bi tri hpp ly de ttdnh dupe moi nguy gay nhiem ban cho thye pham hay lam o nhiem nguon cung cap nuic sach dung d^ chi bien thue pham.
-Thiit ke c ia rieng biet de liy cac chdt thai, rac.
m) Phong thay bao hp lao dpng
Co phong riing bift, thiit ki hpp ly di nhan vito thay trang phue bae ho lao dpng truae khi vao lam vifc.
n) Nha vi sinh
- He thing nha ve sinh phai diy di, dupe b i tti cr eie vj tri thuan tien cho tit ca mpi nguoi trong ea s i va co diy di thiit bj bao dam vf sinh. Trung binh tii thieu 25 nguoi phai c6 01 nha ve sinh.
- Khu VUC vf sinh phai co he thing chiiu sang va hf thing th6ng gio, he thong tiioat nuoc di dtog loai bo chit tiiai va Mo dam ve sinh. Nha vf sinh phai dupe xay dvmg sao cho huong gio ehinh khong thii t i khu virc nha vf sita sang khu virc che biin, bio quan va bay bto thuc pham.
- Khu vue ve sinh phai each ly hoto toto va ma cia khong dupe huong vao khu VUC ehi biin, bio quan thuc phim va phai eo bin r ia tiiy; cd bang chi dto "Riatay sau khi ra khdi nhi ve sinh" dat d vj tri di nhin ngay sau khi md cia ra khoi cho ve sinh.
2. Dieu kifn trang thiit bj, dung cu:
- Trang thiit bi, dung cu tiip xuc vdi thuc phim phii dupe tiiiit ke va chi tao an tPto, phi hgp vdi yeu elu cia san phim, di lam sach, tly tiding va bap duong.
- Phai dupe lam bang vat lieu khong gay dpe hay gay 6 taiim sto phim. Trong ttudng hgp ein thiit phai bin, di di ehuyin, tiiao lap de bao dudng, lam sach, lay tttag, giam sat cac mdi nguy vi vf sita an toan thuc pham.
Phuang tifn r ia v i khi trung tay
Cd diy d i eie tiiiit bi r ia tay vi khi trtag tay d cic vj tri tiiuto tien ttong
khu vvrc chi biin thvtc pham.
Nai r i a tay phai cung eip diy di nude saeh, x i phdng, khan lau tay s i dung
mit lln hay may sly khd tay.
Trung binh toi thiiu 50 edng tato phai cd mdt bin r ia tay va it talt 1 phto xudng phai cd mpt bin r ia tay.
- Nude sit tring
• cac chat ding di tly r ia vi sat tring dung cu chia dung thuc phim phdi dupe dvmg trong bao bi dl tato biit vi cd hutag din s i dung phi hpp vdi dac diim ky thuat.
• cac chit tly r ia phii di each bift vdi noi chi biin, bao quan thuc phim.
. Chi s i dyng chit tly rua dyng ey chia dvmg thue phim va ehlt tly tring dupe Bp Y t i cho phip.
- Thiit bj phdng chdng con tiling, dpng vft gay hai
Phai s i dving eie v^t lifu khong gi, dl thdo rdi di lam vf sinh, thiit ki phu hpp bap dam phdng chdng hiiu qui cin tiling va df ng vat gay hai.
- Thiit bj, dvmg cu giam sat ehlt lupng
Ngoai nhttng y6u eau chung, thiit bj dung di dun, x i ly nhift, lim ngupi, luu gitt hay lam ddng l mh thue phim phai dupe thiit ki di lam sap nhata chdng dat dupe nhift dp theo yeu cau cia thvrc pham taam bao dam tita an toan va phi hop cia thue pham va de duy tti taif t dp dd.
- Thiet bj phai dupe thiit k i di cd thi giam sat, kiem soat dupe nhift dp. 6 nhung noi cto thiit, phai ed phuong tifn de kiim soat, giam sat dp am khdng khi, ddng khi va bit kp thong so nao khac toh hudng tdi tita an todn, phu hpp cia thuc phim.
- Thiit bj, dvmg eu ehi biin, bae gdi, bdp quto, van ehuyin
. Phai dupe lam t i nguyen lifu khdng dde, khdng gay mii vj la so vdi mii vj cia thuc phim ban diu, khdng hip thu, khdng i nhilm vio thue pham, khdng bj to mdn, tttah bui, edn tring vi cae nguon o taiim khde.
- Vifc s i dung cdc vat lifu bao gdi mdi diu phai dupe Bp Y te thdm djta va cho phep.
. Nghi6m elm vife ddng gdi thuc phim btog cac bao gdi ed nguy ca gay ngp ddc, gay hai, khdng bao dam chit lupng va an toto fliue pham.
. Bao quto va vto chuyin fliuc phim phai bao ddm an toto, phi hgp vdi dae diim cia timg logi thvre pham.
3. Diiu kifn con ngiroi
Theo Quyit dmh sd 2I/2007/Qe-BYT ngdy 12/3/2007 ban hata "Qui djta v i diiu kiin s ic khoe dii vdi taOng ngudi tiip xic ttvic tiip ttong (jui tiita chi biin tiiire phim bao gdi sin v i kita doata thvrc pham to ngay" cia B i Y t i [12]
- Kiin thic vi vf sita an toto thvrc phim cia ngudi sto xuit, kita doata tiiutc
phim Ngudi tham gia true tiip vio sto xuit, chi biin, kita doata flivrc phim phai hpc
tap kiin thic v i vf sita an toto thue phim theo quy djta va ed Giay ching tafn da
tham dir tap huto kiin thic vi vf sita an toin thue phim do ea quan ed thim quyin cap, htog nam phai hpc tap bd sung va efp taat kiin thic.
- Sic khp^ cia ngudi sdn xuit, kinh dpanh thvrc phim
. Ngudi tham gia trac tiip vio sdn xuit, kinh doata thuc phim phai cd Gily ching tato d i dito kifn s ie khoi theo quy djta cia Bp Y ti.
. Kham sic khoe va cay phto tim ngudi Itoh mang tring trudc khi tuyin dung vi djta ky it taat 1 nam/lln.
. Nhttng ngudi dang bj mic cac bfnh taiim tring thudc danh muc da dupe Bd Y tS guy djta khong dupe tham gia true tiip vao qua trinh san xuit hay ehi biin thvrc pham (Lao, Kiit Iy, Thuong hto, ia ehay, Td, Myn tapt, Sdn dai, Sdn phdn, Viem gan siiu vi tiiing, Viem mui, Viem hpng mi, eie bfnh ngoai da, cac bfnh da lilu, tathig ngudi Itoh mang vi khuln gay bfnh dudng nipt).
. Viec kham sie khde phai dugc thye hifn d cac co quan y t i t i eip quto> huyen ttd Ien.
- Thye htoh vf sinh cia ngudi sto xuat, kinh doata thye phim
• Nhihig ngudi tham gia true tiep vdo sto xudt, chi biin va kita doata thye pham phai thye hifn eae yeu cau sau:
• Mac ttang phyc ritog khi ehi biin hoae ban thye phim. Ngoai ra, tattng trudng hpp eto thiit phai dpi mu va di gtog tay hay dep khlu ttang saeh.
. Giu mdng tay ngin, saeh se va khing deo di ttang sie khi tiep xuc true tiep vdi thye pham to ngay.
. Khdng to udng ttong khu vye sto xuat thye pham.
. Khong hit thuie, khac tai, hat hai hay ho, nhai keo, cudi ndi to, deo di trang sic, ddng hd hay cic vat khac khi tiep xic vdi thye phim chua dupe bde vf an toto.
. Ngudi true tiip sto xuit thue phim diu phdi chip hata "thue hata vi sita bto tay tdt":
Ria tay sau khi: Di vf sita, tiip xic vdi thye phim song, xi mui, dyng lay vao rac, gai ngia, ngoiy tai, ngoay mui hoac dung tay vao cac bp phto cia co the, quto ap, hut thuie, dung tay vao sic vat sau mdi Ito nghi.
Ria tay trudc khi chi biin, tiip xic vdi thye pham.
Lau khd tay sau khi r ia bing khto gily dtog mdt lln, khto bdng sach hoac may flidi khd, khdng chii vio quin ao, vay, tgp di.
R ia tay ky btog xa phdng va nude sach (ca gan bto tay, mu tay, ed tay, ede khe ngdn tay va cac nip mdng tay).
Khdng di mdng tay dai, niu cd vit xude d bto tay va ngdn tay thi ein dupe btog bd bang gac khdng thim nude va di gtog tay khi tiip xic vdi fliue pham.
Cac ca sd sto xuit thuc phim tiiyc hifn du cae diiu kifn niu tai quy djta nay ttong hai nam lifn tac ttd Iin cd flii di nghj ca quan y t i ed flilm quyin ching taan "Thye hata vf sita tdt". Gily ching tafn fliue hata vi sita tdt ed gia ttj hai nam ke t i ngay ky.
Phy lyc sd 10
N H C X G Dri:U CAM LAM DE CO Bf A AN NGON
1.1.5.1. Chpn TP bao ddm dinh du&ng, vf sinh vd an lodn * Chpn cic loai rau qua tuai, khong bj dap ndt, khdng cd mau sic, mii vj la. * Chon cic lo^ phi tgng, thjt vi thiy sto cdn tuoi: - Cae tiiu chuan thjt tuai tau: mtog ngoii khd, khdng bj tadt, mui va mau sic
bmh thudng, khdi thjt rto chle, ed df dto hoi cao, ngdn tay In vao thjt tgo fliata vit lom taung khong de lai diu vit khi taac ngdn tay ra. MO Ign mau tring, bi khdng cd taitng lam chim xuat huyit mau dd tim, ta<i xuang trong, bam ch t vao thata ing xuong va khong ed mii di. Can ehu j kiim tta phan thjt n?e va ludi khdng dugc ed lu triing sto mau ttlng tad btog h it ggo.
- Phi tgng: tim phdi ed mau hong tuoi, chle, khdng ed ehim xuat huyit d vata tun va mtog ttong tim. Gan bita thudng ed mau tim hing, bi mdt mjn, thuy gan mim, khdng cd tattng nit hogi hjr mdu tring hoae vtog. Biu dye mdu tim hong, khdng cd ndt hoid ti.
- Cd: chpn ci dang sing hay via mdi chit nhtmg van dat cdc tiiu chuin ca tuoi tau:
+ Thto ca co cing, khi di ci Ito bto tay thto ca khdng thdng xudng.
+ Mat ttong suit, giac mgc dto hii. + Mifng ngfm cirng. + Mang mau dd tuoi, dto chat xudng hoa khi. + vay tuai dng ata, dita chat vao thto. + Byng bita thudng, hf u mdn thyt sau va mau tring tagt. + Thjt rln chic, cd dto hdi, dmh chat vao xuong sing. - cac lo^ fliiy sto khac: phai cdn tuai, gitt mau sic bhih fliudng, khdng cd mii
uon hdi. * Chpn ttTJmg: vd tiling miu stog, khdng cd taung
vft xdm den, khdng bj giap. Qua tiling cd mau hdng ttong suit khi soi qua ata stog.
* cac TP ddng hpp, ddng gdi sin phai ed tato ghi diy du npi dung: ten sto phim, ttpng lupng, cac fliata phin chuih, cdch bao quto, si dyng, nai sto xuat che Win, cd so dtog ky sto xuit va cdn flidi hgn si dvmg.
* Khdng si dyng cic logi TP khd da bj mde, dac bift la ede logi ngii cdc, hgt cd dau tau dfu, Igc mde cd chia ddc td vi nam rit nguy hiem. . , , s^ - i i . -
' • Khdns si dyng cac chit bao quto, phim mau, duong hda hpc, ddng goi khong cd tato hoac gdi btog gily bto le d ehp va tattng eo sd khong dtog ky de che bien T P ' X k
' * Kh6ng su dyng cac TP con nghi ng6r, chua biet r6 nguon goc.
1.1.5.2. Diing nir&c sgch, an lodn de chi biin thUc dn do uSng vd rira dgng eg:
- Si dyng nude miy, nude giing, nude mua, sing sudi... da qua xi ly hojc ling Ipc.
- Nude pMi ttong, khdng mau, khdng mii, khdng V) Ig. Nfu ngudn nude ed nghi ngd nin di nghj ca quan y ti kiem tta.
- Dyng cy chia nude phii bao dam sgch, khdng chia cac chat gay dpe tau kim logi, phy gia, mau, mii vao nude, khdng dupe cd rto bin bdm xung quata hpjc d day, cd nip dgy kin, di eg ria vi nto cd vdi di lly nude.
Dtag nude da dun sii di u6ng hpje dtog pha ehi nude giai khat, lam kem, nude da.
- Bita dvmg nude uing phai bing vgt lifu ehuyto dtag chia dvmg TP theo quy djta cia ngata y ti, ria sgch htog ngay va trtog Igi bing nude sdi. Tuyft ddi khdng dtog cde chto muc nude hojc udng tryc tiip vio bita dimg nude udng.
1.1.5.3. sa dgng cdc dd diing n&u nu&ng vd dn uong sgch si - Si dyng cac dyng cy nlu nudng, to udng saeh va
bang vgt lifu thich hgp da dugc ngata y ti cho ph^p. Cin than vdi cac dd thuy tita pha le, sata si, sit tttog men miu sic sjc sd, ddng, tadm gia cdng, taya tai sita ed mau vi chtag cd thi ehia kim loai njng gay die tau chl... hoae phy gia ed mii la khi tiip xic vdi cic TP Idng tfaih a xit, rugu, eon, va diu md.
- Khdng di cac dyng eu bto qua d6m. - Thic to edn thia, TP tiiii bd phai dugc dung vao
flitog kui ed nip dgy va chuyin di htog ngay, ttata nidi taang.
- Bat dia phai dugc nia sach ngay sau khi to xong va ip vio gia khd rao, ttata byi bin.
- Dvmg cy tiip xic vdi TP song, chin ritog bift. ^ - Khdng si dyng cac dyng ey to uong da bj rach, xude, sit me, moc bto hoac
hoenri. , , . . • . t i • - Niu bat dia via nia xong cto dtag ngay flii tdt taat nen ttang Igi btog nuoc
sdi Khdng dtog khto am mdc, tadn md di lau khi bat dia. - Khdng dtog cae chit tly ui, chit sat tiling vf smh taa cia hoac xa phong giat
di ria dyng cy an udng. 1.1.5.4. ChuHnbiTP sgch si vd n&u chin kp - Lya chpn phin to dugc, loai bd cdc vgt Ig Ito vao TP tau sgn, xuang, mata
kim loai thuy tita, Idng tdc... , . , . , , > - i • - Rau qua phii ria ky dudi vdi nude ehay hoae fliay nude ma 3-4 lan, cac logi
qua'^^l^tj^achv .^^^^^^^_, ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^yjj^y
biin, nlu nudng.
- Cd taieu logi TP tuoi sdng tau thjt, ea, tiling, stta dl bj d taiim bdi vi sita vgt gay bfta. Nlu chin ky se tieu dift dupe eae mim gay bfta taimg TP phai dat taift dO sdi dong diu, tiy theo tinig logi TP mi thdi gian dun nlu khac taau.
- Chu y phan thjt gto vdi xuong (ga, vit, chto gid, ca ...) niu flily edn ed mau hdng hojc mau dd thi bit bupe phai dun lai din khi chin hpto loan.
1.1.5.5. An ngay khi Ihirc dn vita niu chin xong Thic to chin de ngufi d taift dp bmh thudng thi vi khuln di xam tagp va phat
trien. Thdi gian de etog lau, vi khuln phat ttiin etog taiiu. Di bao dam an toto nen to khi thic to cdn ndng, via nlu chin xong.
- Ddi vdi eae TP khdng cto nlu chin tau chudi, cam, dua va eae logi qua khac thi cto to ngay khi via bdc vd hay elt ra.
1.1.5.6. Bdo quin dn lh$n IhuK dn dd niu chin vd dun kf Igi tru&c khi dn - Neu phai chuan bj thic to trude hoae phii chd dgi sau han 3 gid thi phai ludn
ludn gitt ndng d taift dO t i 60°C ttd Ien hoae bao quto lata ttong diiu kifn t i I0°C ttd xuing. Doi vdi thic to cia tri dudi mft tuii phii cho dn ngay khi via ngufi md khdng dp dvmg diiu kifn bao quto nay.
- Khdng dua qua taiiu thic to cdn am hoac thic to dang ndng vio ti Igta. Khi phin giita cia TP cdn Im (tten IO°C) thi vi khuln cd thi phit ttiin din mie gay bfta.
- Phai dun Igi thic to chfa d taift df sdi ngay tiirdc khi to vi qua trita gitt Igta etog ehi lam hgn chi sy phat ttiin ma khing tiiu dif t dugc vi khuln.
- Khdng de lln TP sdng va thic to chin; + Thie to chm an toto v'a vf smh ed thi bj d taiem khi tiip xic vdi TP song. + Thic to chin etog ed flii bj d taiim qua tiip xic gito tiip vdi TP sdng tau
ttong trudng hpp dtag dao, thdt md ci, thjt sing ehua dupe ria sach di thai thjt chin. - Khdng di cde hda ehlt, thudc bao vf thye vdt hoac eae ehlt gay dOc khac d
ttong khu vye chi biin TP di phdng sy talm lln. - Thic to cin dupe che day ttata byi, rudi tatog hay sy xdm taap cia edn
tiTtog, gjm talm va eae dpng vat khae. - Bao quto tdt cac TP ddng gdi flieo ding yeu elu ghi d tato.
1.1.5.7. Gilt gin v( sinh cd nhdn lot , ^ - Ria tay bang xa phdng va nude sach (tdt taat la
ria dudi vdi nude chiy, niu ria ttong chau thi phii ed gao mie nude dfi Igi).
- Ria tay thudng xuyen: + Trude Idii to, chi bien hogc tiep xic thic to; + Sau khi di vf smh; + Sau khi tiip xic vdi cac TP tired sdng, vft nudi
ttong taa hoac dd vat gay bin tay. + Sau mdi lln dtag Igi lam vife khac tau thay ta
Idtchotte, ximuL... - Khdng dtog tay bic thic to chm hay nude di d6
pha nude uong. .is »i . - 11.- u - K-TTJ - Mac quin ao sgch se (cd flii deo tap de), dau toe gpn gang khi chuan bi TP. _ - Gitt mdng tay ngin va sgeh se. Neu ed v6t fliuang d tay flii phai btog km btog
vjt lifu khdng thim nude.
c
Hinh 1.5. Riia tay
_ - Hidng che biin TP hoac phyc vy an udng khi dang bi dau bung, ia ehay, sdt non, nhiem h ^ g ngoai da hogc cae beta lay truyen khae.
1.1.5.8. Gilt gin vf sinh nai dn uong va chi biin TP - Khu vye chi biin TP phai xa cae khu gay khdi, byi bin, nha vi sinh hoac khu
Chan nuoi gia sue, rae thai gay d nhiem mdi tiirdng vd khdng cd nude dong. Tat ca cae bi mat di ehuin bj, chi biin TP nen ed mau sang, dl'co nia vi sinh
ngay sau mdi Ito s i dung vi ludn gi i sgch se, khd rio. - Bep, phdng ta phai d i toh sang va thdng gid. - Khdng de nude r ia TP, nia dyng cy to udng i dpng lam d nhilm mdi tradng
ximg quata.
- Khdng dupe di eae chit tift tring, lay ui cdng rata khi Idm ve sinh bin vao gay d taiem TP.
- Phai d i nude sgch s i dyng ttong ehi biin TP va vf sinh khu vye to udng, ehi biin.
- De phdng sy xam ta|ip cia gito, chupt va cac dpng vat khac vap noi an udng vd che bito TP.
1.1.5.9. Su dung cdc v^l lifu bao gdi TPsgch se vd Ihlch hap - Khdng s i dyng cdc logi Id bin, gily viit eu, sach bdo, gily in, tii nilon tai sita
ed mau di gdi thic to chin. Vat lieu bao gdi TP phii bao dam sach, gitt duge tita hip din vi mil vj, miu
sic va khdng chia cic ehlt gay dfe vao TP tau chi, cadimi, chit phy gia.... - Khi mua TP, cto chi y xem tato, mde ed ddy du cac thdng tin cin thiit tau tto
san pham, ttgng lupng, ede thtoh phto chita, edeh bdo quto, s i dyng, noi san xuit ehi bito, cd sd dtog ky sto xuat va thdi ban s i dvmg.
1.1.5.10. Ngdn chgn, xu Iri kip th&i cic vu ngd ddc TP vd thifc hiin cic biln phdp vi sinh phong binh
- Khi phat hiin hogc nghi ngd bj ngd dpe TP, phai dita chi vifc s i dyng va niem gitt toto bd thie to do igi (ke ci chat ndn, phto, nude tiiu...) di xdc mita, bdo ngay eho ca quan y te gto tadt dto x i tti kjp thdi hoae dua ngudi bj ngd ddc di bfta vifn.
- Phai vf sita, tly ue khu vye ed ehlt ndn, phto, nude tiiu cia ngudi bj ngi ddc TP va thye hifn chi dp each ly nghiem nggt de phdng sy lay lan cia djeh bfta. Thye hiin cic bifn phap dift rudi, tatog, gito, chudt... va cac hutag din vf sita phdng chdng djeh bfta theo hutag eua ngata y ti.
DANH SACH DOI TU'OfNG DIEU TRA
TT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
II.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
Hp va t in
Huynh Thj Khuong
Trto Thi Man
Doto Dung
Nguyen Hda
Nguyen Thj Tinh
Le Thj Chau
Thai Thiy Yin
Nguyin Thj Ha
Nguyen Nguyen Vu
Bii Mai
Doto Ngpc Thiit
Nguyin Bd Phutag
Nguyin Thj Thu Mai
Nguyin Ata Vu
Trin Thj Ata Lito
Nguyto Ata Tuto
Trto Thj Thao
Luu Thj Nd
Trin Thj Hoa
Trita Thj Hdng Loan
Pham Thj Ly Ca
Bui Thj Xuto Ata
Bui Thj Mto
Traang Thj Nhung
Nguyin Thi Lgi
L i Thj Hdng
Trin Thj Hi Trto Thj Thu Huong
Doto Chau
Nguyin Kim
Bii Xudn Duong
Nguyin Data
Huj-ta Ba Sita
Trin Cao Mita
Ng. Thi Vift Hoa
Tuii
Nam
59
60
48
58
63
64
47
40
74
42
43
38
40
50
Nfr 50
48
48
50
40
29
45
24
28
47
47
46
31
47
34
40
46
40
65
30
43
Nghe nghifp
SX, che bito TP
SX, che bito TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, ehi biin TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, che bito TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, che biin TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, che bito TP
SX, ehi bien TP
SX, che bito TP
SX, che bita TP
SX,ch6bienTP SX, che bito TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, chi bito TP SX, che biin TP
SX, chi bien TP
SX, ehi bito TP
SX, ch6 bito TP SX, chi bien TP
SX, che bito TP
SX, cha bien TP
SX, che biin TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, chi bien TP
SX, chg bito TP SX, chi biin TP
Dia ehi
Phudc Hda, Tam Ky
Phudc Hda, Tam Ky
Phudc Hda, Tam Ky
Phudc Hda, Tam Ky
Phudc Hda, Tam Ky
Phudc Hda, Tam Ky
Phudc Hda, Tam Ky
Phudc Hda, Tam Ky
Phudc Hda, Tam Ky
Phudc Hda, Tam Ky
Phudc Hda, Tam Ky
Phudc Hda, Tam Ky
Phudc Hda, Tam Ky
Phudc Hda, Tam Ky
Phudc Hda, Tam Ky
Phudc Hda, Tam Ky
Tan Thgta, Tam Ky
Tto Thgta, Tam Ky
Tto Thgta, Tam Ky Tto Thata, Tam Ky
Tto Thgta, Tam Ky
Tto Thgta, Tam Ky Tto Thanh, Tam Ky
Tto Thgta, Tam Ky
Tto Thata, Tam Ky
Tto Thgta, Tam Ky Tto Thgta, Tam Ky
Tto Thata, Tam Ky
Tto Thata, Tam Ky
Tto Thgta, Tam Ky
Tto Thgta, Tam Ky
Tto Thata, Tam Ky
Tan Thata, Tam Ky
Tto Thgta, Tam Ky An Xuto, Tam Ky
36.
37.
38.
39. 40.
41. 42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
L i Thi Thuy Thjnh
Dang Thj Nga
Ng. Thj Thu Vang
Ng. Thj Anh Tuyet Ng. Thj Ngpc Anh
Huynh Thj Ngpc Li Thj Ngpc
Ha Thi Chung
Luong T. Thanh Tto
Nguyen Kim Chung
Dd Thi Quy
Trin Dinh Hiiu
Nguyin Duy Liin
B i Trung Tin
Nguyin Thp
Ngd Da Hing
Nguyto Duy Khi ta
Li Thj Bich Ngpc
Dd Thj Tie
Li Thj Kim Ata
Nguyin Thj Lvm
Doto Thj My Tho
Nguyin Thj Nggc
Hd Thj Thu Hi
Truong Thj Ldc
Nguyin Thj Trang
Li Tin Htag Dd Thata Ngpc
Nguyin Dita Die
Nguyin Van Hpa
Trin Vto Thai
Trin Thai
Luu Vto Hoa
Truong Thj Ha
Nguyen Van Lita
Nguyen Ngpe Cdng
Nguyin Die Tri
Duong Qude Htag
Doto Thuyto
41
39
30
49
41
45
39
42
45
43
58
36
47
38
54
32
42
21
53
40
52
43
55
32
39
56
35
43
38
54
42
37
52
37
43
32
42
64
26
SX, chi biin TP
SX, ehi biin TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, chi bien TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, ehi biin TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, ehS biin TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, ehi biin TP
SX, ehi bito TP
SX, chi bien TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, che bito TP
SX, che biSn TP
SX, che bito TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, che bito TP
SX, che bito TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, che bito TP
SX, ehe bien TP
SX, che bito TP
SX, chi bien TP SX, che bien TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, ehi bien TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, chi bien TP
SX, chi bien TP
SX, chi biin TP SX, che biin TP
An Xuan, Tam Ky
An Xudn, Tam Ky
An Xuan, Tam Ky
An Xuan, Tam Ky
An Xuto, Tam Ky
An Xuan, Tam Ky
An Xuan, Tam Ky
An Xuan, Tam Ky
An Xuan, Tam Ky
An Xuan, Tam Ky
An Xuan, Tam Ky
An Xudn, Tam Ky
An Xuan, Tam Ky
An Xuan, Tam Ky
An Xuan, Tam Ky
An Xuan, Tam Ky
An Xuan, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
Tam Hifp, Nii Thi ta
Tam Hifp, Nii Thata
Tam Hiep, Nii Thata
Tam Hifp, Nii Thata
Tam Hifp, Nii Thata Tam Hifp, Nii Thita
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
no. I I I .
112.
113.
Vo Phung
Ngd Httu Nga
Le Thanh Togi
Ng. Thj Hdng Chita
Le Tto Binh
Huyta Thj Nguyft
Ducmg T. Bieh Hieu
Mai Thj A
Trto Thj Kim Dung
Ngd Thj Hifu
Trto Thj Lam
Trin Thj Kim Tuyin
Dtog Thj My Hoa
Nguyen Httu Tuto
Phan sau
Nguyen Trgi
Nguyen Vto Tu
Nguyin Van Ata
Trin Thata Nam
Nguyen Vita X i
Nguyin Thata Ran
Nguyin Ngpe
Ng. Thj Thuy Sen
Nguyin Thi Sucmg
Le Thj Trang
Nguyin Thj Diim
Nguyin Thi Hdng
Dmh Quy Hung
Nguyin Vto Tin
Vu Vto Khoa
Nguyin Khie Thai
Nguyin van Sau
Nguyin Tan Thgo
Phan Hiiu
Nguyin Tin Phat
Thai Thj phyng
L i Thi Hudng
Nguyin Thi Ata
Hd Die Hifp
44
40
55
25
42
55
65
27
36
40
54
39
58
35
40
49
54
50
37
40
42
44
47
44
45
49
41
40
48
45
51
30
45
27
37
46
40
43
44
SX, che bien TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, che biin TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, ehe bien TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, ehe bien TP
SX, ehe bien TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, che biin TP
SX, ehi bien TP
SX, ehi biin TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, ehe bien TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, ehe bien TP
SX, che biin TP
SX, che biin TP
SX, ehe bien TP
SX, ehi bien TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, ehi bien TP
SX, che biin TP
Tam Hiep, Nii Thinh
Tam Hiep, Nii Thanh
Tam Hifp, Nii Thdnh
Tam Hifp, Nii Thanh
Tam Hifp, Nii Thinh
Thj Tran Nii Thtoh
Thj Trin Nii Thinh
Thj Trto Nii Thinh
Thj Tran Nii Thinh
Thj Trto Nii Thanh
Thi Trto Nii Thinh
Thj Tran Nii Thinh
Thj Tran Nii Thanh
Thj Trin Nii Thinh
Thj Tran Nii Thinh Thj Trto Nii Thanh
Tam Tiin, Nii Thita
Tam Tiin, Nii Thata
Tam Tien, Nii Thinh
Tam Tiin, Nil Thata
Tam Tiin, Nii Thdta
Tam Tien, Nii Thata
Tam Tien, Nii Thdta
Tam Tien, Nii Thdta
Tam Tiin, Nil Thata
Tam Tiin, Nii Thata
Tam Tien, Nut Thita
Tam Xuto 1, Nui Thtoh
Tam Xuto I, Nii Thita
Tam Xuto 1, Nii Thtoh
Tam Xuto 1, Nii Thdta
Tam Xuto 1, Nii Thata
Tam Xuto 1, Nii Thdta
Tam Xuto 1, Nii Thdta
Tam Xuto 1, Nii Thdta
Tam Xuto 1, Nil Thata
Tam Xuto 1, Nii Thata
Tam Xuto 1, Nii Thtoh
Tam Xuto 2, Nii Thtoh
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.
152.
Vd Vto Thdng
Trto Quang Vu
Ng. Thj Bieh Phuang
Nguyin Thj Tidn
Nguyen Thj Hdi
Le Thj Kim
Nguyin Thj Vu
Huyta Thj Ldm
Nguyin Thj Tien
Bii Thj Su
Dang Thi Sy
Trto Thj Ha
Phgm Thj Bay
Phan Thj Mai
Nguyen Thj Lata
Hd Thj Thi Tha
Phan Thj Minh
Trto Thj Lf Quyen
Dmh Thj Mudi
Le Thj Hudng
Nguyin Thj Nguyet
Huyta Thi Thutag
Ng. Thata Thata
Nguyin Dita Luang
Ho Thj Yin
Ng. Thj Phudc Ngpc
Nguyin Thj Cim
Dd Thj Huong
Phan Thj Tam
Trin Thi Du
Doto Thj Phyng
Ng. Thi Ngpe Tam
Bii Thi Thuy
Le Thi Kim Ata
L i Thj Hoa H6 Tin Phic
Dd Dhih Toto
Mai Thi Nga
Truong Thj Huang
40
42
43
46
42
49
35
42
37
37
40
41
40
35
58
50
45
48
27
43
33
23
33
46
47
53
34 45
55
48
38
39
46
38 32
46
51
45
55
SX, ehe bien TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, ehi biin TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, ehe bien TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, ehi biin TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, chi bien TP
SX, chi bien TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, ehi bien TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, ehe bien TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, ehe bien TP SX, che bien TP
SX, che bidn TP
SX, che bien TP SX, ehe bien TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, che bien TP SX, che bien TT
SX, che bien TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, ehi bien TP
SX, che biin TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, chd bien TP
Tam Xuan 2, Nii Thdnh
Tam Xuto 2, Nii Thinh
Tam Xuan 2, Nii Thanh
Tam Xuan 2, Nii Thdnh
Tam Xuan 2, Nui Thanh
Tam Xuan 2, Nui Thanh
Tam Xudn 2, Nui Thanh
Tam Xuan 2, Nii Thanh
Tam Xudn 2, Nii Thanh
Tam Xuan 2, Nii Thanh
TT Tan An, Hifp Die
TT Tan An, Hifp Die
TT Tan An, Hifp Die
TT Tin An, Hifp Die
TT Tan An, Hifp Die
TT Tan An, Hiep Die
TT Tan An, Hifp Die
TT Tin An, Hifp Die
TT Tto An, Hifp Die
TT Tto An, Hiep Die
TT Tdn An, Hifp Die
TT Tto An, Hiep Die
TT Tto An, Hifp Die
TT Tto An, Hifp Die
Qui Bita, Hifp Die Que Bita, Hifp Die
Que Bita, Hifp Die
Que Bita, Hifp Die Que Bita, Hifp Die
Quf Bita, Hifp Die
Qui Bita, Hifp Die
Qui Bita, Hifp Die Qui Bita, Hifp Die
Qui Bita, Hifp Die
Qui Bita, Hifp Die
Bita Lam, Hiep Die
Bmh Lam, Hifp Die
Bita Lam, Hifp Die
Bhih Ldm, Hifp Die
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
170.
171.
172.
173.
174.
175.
176.
177.
178.
179.
180.
181.
182.
183.
184.
185.
186.
187.
188.
189.
190.
191.
Nguyin Thj Ble
Hd Thj Thuy
Vo Thj Sau
Nguyin Thj Chata
Nguyen Thj Lf
Ung Thj Kim Oanh
Dtog Thj Kim Anh
Nguyin Thi Hata
Le Thj Tuyit
Le Thj Ly
Dtog Ngpc Miin
Nguyen van Mupn
Pham Mai
Trto Vto Chien
Trto Vto Htag
Pham Thj Phi
Nguyin Thj Thp
Lim Thj Bieh Sen
Nguyin Thj Lan
Nguyin Thj Ha
Nguyin Thj Nu
Hd Thj Rit
Hd Thj Mita
H i Vto Tai Nguyen Van Thp
Dmh Vto Lata
Nguyen Thi Thu
Nguyin Thi Vi
Nguyin Vto Chung
Nguyin Mmh At a
Nguyen Thj Thu
Vd Thata Ddng
Trita Thi Ata
Phan Thj Xi
Vd Thi Lan
Dd Vto Tam
Li Thi Kim Ata
Le Thi Oata
Phan Thi Them
42
46
50
36
35
39
47
39
34
36
57
66
60
37
50
41
37
47
37
42
45
34
50
38
37
38
40
42
24
39
42
42
46
49
44
51
43
47
49
SX, chi biin TP
SX, ehi biin TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, ehi biin TP
SX, ehi biin TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, ehi biin TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, ehe bien TP
SX, ehe biin TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, chi bien TP
SX, ehe bien TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, che bien TP
SX, ehe bien TP
SX, ehe biin TP
SX, chi biin TP
SX, chi bien TP Kita doanh TP
Kmh doanh TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kmh doanh TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doanh TP
Binh Lam, Hifp Die
Binh Lam, Hifp Die
Binh Lim, Hiep Die
Binh Lim, Hifp Die
Que Thp, Hiep Die
Qui Thp, Hiep Die
Que Thp, Hiep Die
Que Thp, Hifp Die
Que Thp, Hifp Due
Que Thp, Hiep Die
Que Thp, Hiep Die
Que Thp, Hiep Die
Que Thp, Hifp Die
Qui Thp, Hifp Die
Que Thp, Hifp Die
Tri Dan, Nam Trd My
Trd Dan, Nam Tra My
Trd Don, Nam Trd My
Trd Don, Nam Trd My
Trd Don, Nam Tra My
Tra Tap, Nam Tra My
Tra Tap, Nam Tra My
Tra Tap, Nam Tra My
Tra Tap, Nam Tra My
Tra Tap, Nam Tra My
Tra Nam, Nam Tra My
Trd Nam, Nam Tra My
Tra Nam, Nam Tra My
Tra Nam, Nam Tra My
Tra Nam, Nam Tra My Phudc Hda, Tam Ky
Phudc Hda, Tam Ky
Phudc Hda, Tam Ky
Phudc Hda, Tam Ky
Phudc Hda, Tam Ky
Phudc Hda, Tam Ky
Phudc Hda, Tam Ky
Phudc Hda, Tam Ky
Phudc Hda, Tam Ky
192.
193. 194.
195.
196. 197.
198.
199. 200.
201.
202.
203.
204.
205.
206.
207.
208.
209.
210.
211.
212.
213.
214.
215.
216.
217.
218.
219.
220.
221.
222.
223.
224.
225.
226.
227.
228.
229.
230.
Trg Thj Thata Thiy
Ly Khinh Vto
Tmang Thi Tu
Trto Die Mita
Traong van Nam Mai Thj Lidn
Ducmg Thi Nga
VaLpe Ng. Thj Kim Mai
Nguyen Thj Kita
Phan T. Thanh Chau
Bii Thj Bien
Do Thj Nguyen
Nguyin Thj Thanh
Trto Thj Lf Thuy
Nguyen Dita Liem
Ng. Thj Mita Chiu
Traong Thj Luto
Nguyin Thj Hdng
Phan Ata Tuto
Nguyin Thj Scm
Nguyin Tnmg Chita
Trin Thj My Hata
Nguyin Thj Lan
Nguyen Tg
Ngo Thj Hoa
Trin Thj Cic
Nguyin Thj My
Trin Thj Thata
Nguyin Thj Trang
Doto Thi Luan
Ng. Quang Khiim
Phgm Thj Ke
L i Vto Tto
Nguyin Thj Hien
Nguyin Thi Hdng
Vo Thi Phuong loan
Ng. Thi Kim Nhung
Huyta Thj Yfn
50
46
57
55
35
56
75
40
51
44
75
53
57
46
53
45
60
47
53
40
47
36
55
46
40
51
32
47
44
38
27
42
32
73
55
45
38 42
45
Kinh doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kinb doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kita doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kita doanh TP
Kita doanh TP
Kita doanh TP
Kita doata TP
Kinh doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doanh TP
Kita doanh TP
Kita doata TP
Kmh doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doanh TP Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kmh doanh TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doanh TP
Kita doata TP Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP
Phudc Hda, Tam Ky
Phudc Hda, Tam Ky
Phudc Hda, Tam Ky
Phudc Hda, Tam Ky
Phudc Hda, Tam Ky
Phudc Hda, Tam Ky
Phudc Hda, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
Tan Thgta, Tam Ky
Tto Thgta, Tam Ky
Tto Thata, Tam Ky
Tto Thgta, Tam Ky
Tan Thgnh, Tam Ky
Tto Thgnh, Tam Ky Tto Thgta, Tam Ky
Tto Thata, Tam Ky
Tto Thata, Tam Ky
Tto Thata, Tam Ky
Tan Thgta, TamKy
Tto Thgta, Tam Ky
Tto Thata, Tam Ky
Tto Thgta, Tam Ky Tto Thata, Tam Ky
Tto Thgta, TamKy
231.
232.
233.
234.
235.
236.
237.
238. 239.
240.
241.
242.
243. 244.
245.
246.
247.
248.
249.
250.
251.
252.
253.
254.
255.
256.
257.
258.
259.
260.
261.
262.
263.
264.
265.
266.
267.
268.
269.
Le Thi Bieh Thuy
Phgm Thj Th. Duyen
Trto Thj Bgch Tuyet
Ng. Thj Mai Huong
Huyta Thj Minh
Le Thj Niem
Ung Thj Hoa
Nguyin Thj Li Trto Thj Ba
Nguyin Thj Anh
Bui Thj Hong Tra
Trto Thj Hg Duyen
Phgm Thj Thdi Hotog Tuan Hai
Hd Thj Ntt
Pham Thj Linh
Phan Thj Hiiu
Luang Thj Quang
Phan Thj Hotog My
Trin Thj Mai
Nguyin Thj Ly
Trto Thj Loan
Dmh Thj Cic
Hotog Thj Vto
Ngd Thj Nhung
Trin Thj Bi
Mai Thj Hdng
Li Thj Nga
Huyta Ly Sata
Huyta Thj Hien
Tieu Chau
Luang Thj Cic
Lam Thj Thu Thiy
Nguyin Thi Thu
Li Thj Tam
Nguyin thj Hgta
Mai Thj Lf
Ng. Thi Kim Ata
Lf Vto Nga
46
42
47
23
40
37
54
36
51
47
39
46 41
52
35
45
47
30
43
46
50
31
47
45
55
67
39
49
44
40
43
40
49
33
35
43
37
52
45
Kita doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kita doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kita doanh TP
Kita doanh TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doanh TP
Kita doanh TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kmh doata TP
Kmh doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doanh TP Kita doanh TP
Kita doanh TP Kita doanh TP
Kita doata TP Kita doanh TP
Kmh doanh TP
Kita doanh TP
Kita doanh TP
Kmh doata TP
Kmh doata TP
Kita doanh TP
Kmh doata TP
An Xuan, Tam Ky
An Xudn, Tam Ky
An Xuan, Tam Ky
An Xuan, Tam Ky
An Xuan, Tam Ky
An Xuin, Tam Ky
An Xuan, Tam Ky
An Xuan, Tam Ky
An Xuto, Tam Ky
An Xuan, Tam Ky
An Xuan, Tam Ky
An Xuan, Tam Ky
An Xuto, Tam Ky
An Xuan, Tam Ky
An Xuan, Tam Ky
An Xuan, Tam Ky
Tam Hifp, Nii Thanh
Tam Hifp, Nii Thata
Tam Hifp, Nii Thata
Tam Hifp, Nii Thata
Tam Hifp, Nii Thita
Tam Hifp, Nii Thita
Tam Hifp, Nii Thata
Tam Hifp, Nii Thita
Tam Hiep, Nii Thita
Tam Hifp, Nii Thita
Tam Hifp, Nii Thita Thj Trto Nii Thinh
Thj Trto Nil Thtoh Thj Trto Nii Thtoh
Thj Trin Nii Thtoh Thj Trin Nii Thtoh
Thj Trto Nii Thtoh
Thj Trto Nii Thata
Thj Trin Nii Thita
Thj Trto Nii Thata
Thi Trin Nii Thita
Thi Trin Nii Thtoh
Tam Xuto 2, Nii Thata
270.
271.
272.
273.
274.
275. 276.
277. 278.
279.
280.
281.
282.
283.
284.
285.
286.
287.
288.
289.
290.
291.
292.
293.
294.
295.
296.
297.
298.
299.
300.
301.
302.
303.
304.
305.
306.
307.
308.
Nguyin Thj Hudng
Do Thj Kim Khdnh
Phgm Thj Hgnh
Dtog Thi Hoa
Nguyin Thj Ny
Luong Thj P.Ly Nguyen Thj Difp
Trto Htog Trto Thj Toto
Nguyen Thj Tan
Nguyen Thj Trang
Nguyen Thj Dudng
Trto Thi Phuang
Li Thj Trinh
Trto Thj Vy
Nguyin Thj Nhto
Nguyin THj Hue
Trto Thj Huang
Nguyin Thj Nam
Nguyen Tdn Ldc
Nguyen Cdng
Nguyin Thj Lf Sam
Nguyen Thi Dung
Le Thj My Huyta Trifu Vy
Trin Ngpc Tuto
Phgm Thj Yen
Trin Nguyen Huong
Huyta Thj Nghia
Dd Thj Thu Thiy
Nguyin Tdn Cim
Trin Thj Trang
Nguyin Thi Lan
Ng. Thj Tuyet Thu
Trin Thi Chiin
Trin Thi Dudng
Trin Thj Phat
Trin Thi M. Thata Phan Thj Tuyet Vto
51
39
40
30
33
31
39
46
42
39
30
35 67
45
50
40
33
42
40
40
42
57
38
37
30
65
32
51
32
59
42
28
32 28
54
57
47
40
36
Kinh doanh TP
Kita doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kita doanh TP
Kita doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kita doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kita doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kita doanh TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doanh TP
Kita doanh TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doanh TP
Kita doanh TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP Kita doanh TP
Kita doanh TP Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kmh doata TP
Kmh doata TP
Tam Xudn 2, Nii Thanh
Tam Xudn 2, Nii Thinh
Tam Xuan 2, Nui Thanh
Tam Xuan 2, Nii Thdnh
Tam Xudn 2, Nii Thanh
Tam Xuto 2, Nii Thdnh Tam Xuto 2, Nui Thdnh
Tam Xuto 2, Nui Thanh
Tam Xuto 2, Nii Thanh
Tam Xudn 2, Nii Thanh
Tam Tien, Nii Thanh
Tam Tien, Nii Thata
Tam Tien, Nii Thanh
Tam Tiin, Nii Thata
Tam Tien, Nii Thata
Tam Tien, Nii Thata
Tam Tien, Nui Thdta
Tam Tiin, Nii Thdta
Tam Tien, Nii Thata
Tam Tien, Nii Thata
Tam Tien, Nui Thdnh
Tam Xuto 1, Nii Thdta
Tam Xuto 1, Nii Thtoh
Tam Xuto 1, Nui Thdta
Tam Xuto 1, Nii Thata
Tam Xudn 1, Nii Thata
Tam Xuto 1, Nii Thdta
Tam Xuto 1, Nii Thata
Tam Xuto 1, Nii Thtoh
Tam Xuto 1, Nii Thata
Tam Xuto 1, Nii Thtoh Tam Xuto 1, Nii Thdta
Xa Que Thp, Hifp Die xa Que Thp, Hiep Die
Xa Que Thp, Hifp Die
Xa Que Thp, Hifp Die
Xa Qui Thp, Hifp Die
x a Qui Thp, Hifp Die
xa Qui Thp, Hifp Due
309.
310.
311.
312.
313. 314.
315.
316. 317.
318.
319.
320.
321.
322.
323.
324.
325.
326.
327.
328.
329.
330.
331.
332.
333.
334.
335.
336.
337.
338.
339.
340.
341.
342.
343.
344.
345.
346.
347.
Huyta Thj Thu
Vo Thj Thien
Hd Thj Ta
Td Thj Vi
Ng. Thj Hdng Hgnh Trto Thj Thata Hda
Huynh Thj Be
Ta Thj Dao Bui Thj Thtoh
Huyta Thj Lf
Dd Thj Cdng
Nguyin Thj Thu
Trto Thj Bao
Trto Thj Ha
Dtog Thj Lan
TrtoDd
Hd Thj Thata Thiy
Thai Thj Hue
Phan Thj Kim Vita
Phan Thj Ly
Traong Thj Huf
Trin Thi Huang
Phan Thj Hoa
Phan Thj Hdng Tan
Dita Thj Lilu
Mai Thj Toto
Duong Thj cam
va Thi sau Nguyin Thj Tien
Le Thi Trung
Phgm Thj Ha
Pham Thj Bdn
Trin Thi Phuang
Trin Thi Hata
Phgm Thi Suong
Ng. Thi Phudc Ngpc
Pham Thj Lua
Hd Thi Nggc Huyin
Nguyin Thi Dao
60
45
50
35
29
23
26
30
30
46
56
49
47
57
49
48
48
40
43
45
38
41
39
58
57
53 49
50
42
39
39
40
37
46
37
41 49
26
44
Kinh doanh TP
Kita doanh TP
Kita doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kita doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kita doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kita doanh TP
Kita doanh TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doanh TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doanh TP
Kita doanh TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doanh TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP Kmh doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kmh doata TP
Kmh doata TP
Kmh doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kmh doata TP
Kita doata TP Kita doata TP
Kita doata TP
Kmh doata TP
xa Qui Thp, Hifp Die
Xa Que Thp, Hifp Die
xa Qui Thp, Hiep Die
Xa Que Thp, Hiep Die
TT Tan An, Hiep Die
TT Tdn An, Hifp Die
TT Tan An, Hifp Die
TT Tan An, Hifp Die
TT Tan An, Hiep Die
TT Tto An, Hifp Die
TT Tto An, Hifp Die
TT Tdn An, Hifp Die
TT Tto An, Hiep Die
TT Tan An, Hiep Die
TT Tan An, Hiep Die
Xa Que Bita, Hiep Die
xa Que Bita, Hifp Die
Xa Que Bita, Hifp Die
xa Qui Bita, Hiep Die
Xa Qui Binh, Hiep Die
Xa Que Bita, Hifp Die
Xa Qui Bita, Hifp Die
xa Que Bita, Hiep Die
xa Que Bita, Hifp Die
Xa Que Bita, Hifp Die
x a Qui Bita, Hiep Die xa Bita Lam, Hifp Die
Xa Bita Lam, Hifp Die
Xa Bita Lim, Hifp Die
Xa Bmh Lam, Hifp Die
xa Bita Lam, Hifp Die
Xa Bmh Lam, Hifp Die
x a Bita Lam, Hiep Die
Xa Bita Lam, Hifp Die
Xa Bita Lam, Hifp Die
Xa Bita Lam, Hiep Die Xa Bita Lam, Hifp Die
Tri Dan, Nam Tra My
Tra Dan, Nam Tra My
348.
349.
350.
351.
352.
353.
354.
355.
356.
357.
358.
359.
360.
361.
362.
363.
364.
365.
366.
367.
368.
369.
370.
371.
372.
373.
374.
375.
376.
377.
378.
379.
380.
381.
382.
383.
384.
Nguyin Van Hing
Le Thata Hung
Nguyin Thi Trang
Mai Thj Yin
Nguyin Thj Lan
Dita Thj Co
Li Vto Dto
Nguyen Thj Hpat
Nguyin Thj Hdng
Nguyen Vto Xudi
Hd Thj Nu
Nguyin Vto Ldm
Nguyen Quang Duy
Nguyen Thj Thiy
Vu Thj Mita NghTa
Trto Thj Ata
Nguyin Thj Siru
Nguyin Thj lan
Nguyin Thj Nghia
v a Thj Thom
Nguyen Thj Tiin
Nguyin Thj Vita
Nguyin Thj Th. Tita
Li Thi To Nga
Ngd Thi Trto
Phan Thj Tuyet Nguyin T. Bich Luu
Nguyin Thj Hda
Nguyin Thj Dupe
Pham Thi Nhu Huf
Nguydn Thi Thiy
Li Thi My Duong Thiy Tnta
L i Thi Hda
Thai Thi My
Doto Thi Thdng
Cao Thi Xi
56
46
46
70
40
45
47
37
26
29
45
22
67
39
41
40
37
42
38
46
39
41
35
42
54
35
50 52
55
38 32
43
38 37
49
44
44
Kinh doanh TP
Kita doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kita doanh TP
Kita doanh TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kita doanh TP
Kita doanh TP
Kinh doata TP
Kinh doanh TP
Kita doanh TP
Kinh doata TP
Kita doata TP
Bip to tap the
Bip to tap the
Bip to tap thi
Bep an tap the
Bip to tap the
Bep to tap the
Bep to tap the
Bep to tap the
Bip to tdp thi
Bep to tap the
Bip to tap thi
Bip to tap thi
Bip to tap thi
Bip to tgp the Bip to tap the
Bip to tgp thi
Bip to tap thi Bip to tgp the
Bip to tap thi
Bip to tap the Bip to tap thi
Bep to tap thi
Bip to tap thi Bip to tap the
Trd Don, Nam Trd My
Trd Don, Nam Tra My
Trd Don, Nam Trd My
Trd Tap, Nam Tra My
Tra Tap, Nam Trd My
Trd Tap, Nam Trd My
Tra Tap, Nam Tra My
Tra Tap, Nam Tra My
Tra Nam, Nam Tra My
Tra Nam, Nam Tra My
Trd Nam, Nam Trd My
Trd Nam, Nam Tra My
Tra Nam, Nam Tra My
Trg tieu hpc Kim Ddng
Mim npn Nhto van
Mdu gido Die Tri
Mdm non Die Tri
Trg tiiu hpc Kim Ddng
Trg tieu hpc Kim Ding
Trg tiiu hpc Kim Ddng
Trg tiiu hpc Kim Ding
Trg tiiu hpc Kim Ding
Trg tiiu hpc Kim Ddng
Miu giap BC Huang
Sen
Miu giao BC Huong
Sen
Trg tiiu hpc Kim Ding
Trg tiiu hpc Kim Ddng Trg tiiu hpc Kim Ding
Trg tiiu hpc Kim Ding
Trg tiiu hoc Kim Ddng Mau giao Die Tri
Tr TH Trto Qude Toto
Tr TH Trin Qude Toto Tr TH Trto Quoc Toto
Tr TH Trto Qude Toto
Tr TH Trin Quic Toto TrTH Trin Qude Toto
385.
386.
387.
388.
389.
390. 391.
392.
393.
394.
395.
396.
397.
398.
399.
400.
401.
402.
403.
404.
405.
406.
407.
408.
409.
410.
411.
412.
413.
414.
415.
416.
417.
418.
Le Thj Hifp
Traang Thj Lf Thiy
Trto T. Ngpe Quynh
Nguyin Thj Xuan
Nguyin Thj T. Vto
Nguyen Thi Le Traang T. Xuto Lan
Nguyen Thj Phic
Nguyen T. Th. Thiy
Trto Thj Lien
Huynh Thj Hda
Trto thj Trifu
Nguyen Thj Th. Liin
Huynh Thj Bi
Phan Thj Thim
Nguyin Thj Dung
Mai Thj Nam
Trin T Phucmg Thap
Duong Thj Nguyet
Phan Thj Tuyet Le
Bii Thj Mii
Nguyin T. Thu Thiy
Ng Thj Th. Phuong
Nguyin Thj Luyen
Trin Thj Nguyf t
Lf Thj Bdng
Doto Thi Mmh
Bii Thj Diim
Dd Thj My Ntt Traang Cdng Hien
Nguyin Thi Huang
Nguyin Thi Tri
Nguyin T. Kiiu Lien
Nguyin Thj Mai
51
41
41
48
28
55
48
53
41
34
39
52
38
54
38
38
39
39
37
60
30
37
30
44
45
49
39
34
52
49
34
47
52
54
Bip to tap thi
Bip an tap thi
Bip an tap thi
Bep an tap thi
Bip dn tap thi
Bep to tap thi
Bep to tap the
Bep an tap thi
Bep an tap the
Bip an tap thi
Bep an tap the
Bep to tap the
Bep to tap the
Bep to tap the
Bep to tap the
Bep to tap the
Bip to tap the
Bep dn tap the
Bip to tap thi
Bep to tap thi
Bip to tap thi
Bip to tap the
Bip to tgp thi
Bip to tap thi
Bip an tap the
Bip to tap the
Bip to tap the
Bip to tdp the
Bep to tap thi
Bip to tap thi
Bip to tap the
Bep to tap thi
Bip to tip the
Bep to tap the
Tradng 24/3
Tradng 24/3
Tratag MG San Ca
Tratag 24/3
Tratag 24/3
Tradng 24/3
Tratag 24/3
Tratag 24/3
Trg TH Tran Qude Toan
Trg TH Tran Qude Toan
Trg TH Tran Qude Toan
Trg TH Tran Qude Toan
Trg TH Tran Qude Toan
Trg TH Trdn Qude Toan
Mdu giao Phudc Hda
Tr. Nguyin Thj Mita
Khai
Tr. Nguyin Thj Mita Khai
Tr. Nguyin Thj Mita Khai
Tr. Nguyin Thj Mita
BChai Miu giao Vdta Khuyen
Bep to Cdng an tita
Mam non Hoa Stta
Bep an Buu dien tmh
Trg Nguyin Vto Trdi
Bep to Cdng an tita
Trg Nguyin Vto Trdi
Trg Nguyin Vto Trdi
Trg Nguyin Vto Trdi
Mim non BC Hoa Mai
Mim non BC Hoa Mai
Tratag Nguyen Vto
Trdi
Mim non BC Hoa Mai
Mim non BC Hoa Mai
Trg Nguyin Vto Trdi
419.
420.
421.
422.
423.
424.
425.
426.
427.
428.
429.
430.
431.
432.
433.
434.
435.
436.
437.
438.
439.
440.
441.
442.
443.
444.
445.
446.
447.
448.
449.
450.
451.
452.
453.
Dtog T. Kim Chung
Huynh Thj Ngoan
Nguyin Thj San
Nguyin Thj Hoa
Trto Thj Minh Mau
Luong Thj Tto
L i Thj Binh
Do Thj Tiin
Luang Thj Ldi
Phgm T. Thiy Trang
Nguyin T. Ngpe Nhi
Trin Thi Hgta
Vo Thj Anh Dio
VuThj Ata Ngpc
Nguyin Thj Ph. Thao
Nguyen Thj Hdng
Pham Thi Vy
Hd Thj Lgi
Le Thj Nhan
Nguyin Thj Dogt
Le Thj Nham
Ung Thj sau Nguyin van Lita
Traang Thj Ha
Trin T. Thiy Duong
Traang Thj Lieu
Trin Thj Thu Dung
Trin Thi Hudng
Pham Thj Phuang
Nguyen Thj Lan
Trto Thi Ata Tuylt
Do T. Thtoh Phuong
Dtog Dita Ba Luang Thi Trie Luih
Nguyin Lf My
40
32
40
44
28
35
52
40
32
44
23
30
27
33
31
29
32
36
50
36
45
28
25 41
26
32
42
30
58 52
35
39
27
27
39
Bdp to tap thi
Bip to tap thi
Bep to tap thi
Bep to tap the
Bep to tap the
Bip dn tgp thi
Bep to tap thi
Bep an tdp thi
Bip to tap thi
Bep fa tdp thi
Bep to tap the
Bip to tap the
Bep to tap the
Bip an tdp thi
Bep to tap the
Bep to tap the Bip an tap thi
Bep to tap the
Bip to tap thi
Bip to tgp thi
Bep an tap the Bep to tgp the Bep to tap the
Bip fa tgp thi Bep to tap thi
Bip an tap the
Bep to tap thi
Bip to tap the Bep to tap the
Bip to tap the
Bep to tap the
Bip an tdp thi Bip to tdp thi
Bip to tgp thi
Bep fa tap thi
Bip fa Cdng an tinh
Trg Nguyin Van Trdi
MNTrue Dao, Tam Xuto 2
MNTric Dio, Tam Xuan 2
MNTric Dao, Tam
Xuan 2
IVlNTric Dio, Tam
Xuto 2
MNTnic Dao, T Xuan 2
MNTric Dao, T Xuan 2
MNTnle Dio, T Xuto 2
MNTnic Ddo, T Xudn 2
jVlNTriic Dao, T Xudn 2
MNTnic Dao, T Xuan 2
Mau giao Thto Tien
Mdu giao Thin Tien
Miu gido Thdo Nguyen
Cty May Thiy Trang Mdu Giao Hoa Sen
Cty May Thiy Trang
Mto Giio Hoa Sen
Mau Giao Hoa Sen
Mam non Ata Dao Mau Giao Hoa Sen CT Ggch Men T Hiep
CT Gach men, T Hifp Mau Giao Hoa Sia
Gach men Ata va Em
Miu Giao Hoa Stta
Mau Giao Huong Sen Miu Giao Vtog Ata
Miu Giao Hoa Stta
CT Nam Son
Xa Tam Hda Bip fa TT Nhu Thata
NhatteSuSu
Miu gido Mfag non
454.
455.
456.
457.
458.
459.
460.
461.
462.
463.
464.
465.
466.
467.
468.
469.
470.
471.
472.
473.
474.
475.
476.
477.
478.
479.
480.
481.
482.
483.
484.
485.
486.
487.
488.
489.
490.
491.
492.
Nguyin Thj Lpi
Vo Thj Trata
Nguyin T. Thu Ngpe
Phan Tgi Phg Thiy
Dtog Thj Kim Hue
Traong Thj Th. Tien
Bii T. Thanh Phudc
Trto Thi Nhung
Nguydn Thj Huong
Nguyin Thj Nhi
Trto Thj Ting
Nguyin T. Kim Anh
Nguyin Thj Phugng
Trin Thi Hi
Huyta Thj Duy
Nguyen Thj Xuto
Pham Thi Ph. Thiy
Trto Thi Nam
v a Thj Luong
Trin Thi My Hoa
Le Thi Tuyit Mai
Mge Thj Sdt
Hd Thj Nguyf t
Dmh Thj Mudi
Nguyen Thj Lan
Trin Thj Nam
Dd Thj Thdng
Nguyen Thi Lien
Dfag Thj Nguyet
Dd Thi Mai Ha Thi Hoa
Nguyen Thj Phucmg
Ld Thi Mita Phudc
v a Thi Ai Vto Dd Thi Mita Phuang
Pham Thi Tai
Dfag Thi Hgta
H i Thi Thu Hdng
Ho Thi Kun Hoa
52
44
39
35
38
20
25
33
46
39
41
45
35
39
42
52
36
42
30
34
44
35
48
41 42
34
34
29
37 47
43
35
35
32
29
40
36 50
56
Bdp to tap the
Bep an tgp the
Bep to tap the
Bep an tap the
Bep an tap the
Bep an tap the
Bip to tap thi
Bep an tap the
Bip to tgp the
Bep to tgp the
Bep an tap the
Bep to tap the
Bep to tap the
Bip to tap the
Bip to tap the
Bip to tap the
Bep fa tap the
Bep fa tap the
Bep fa tap the
Bip to tap the
Bep fa tap the
Bep to tap the
Bip to tap the
Bep to tap thi Bep to tap the
Bip to tap the
Bep fa tap thi
Bep fa tap the
Bip to tap thi Bip fa tap thi
Bep to tdp the
Bep to tap thi
Bip to tap thi Bip to tap thi
Bip to tdp thi
Bip to tap thi
Bip to tap the Bip fa tap thi
Bip fa tap thi
Mam non San Ca
Tratag Hoa Mai
Nha tre Nguyen Dat
Mau giao khdi 4
Nha tre Tudi tho
Mam non Sen Hdng
Miu Giao Hpa Mi
Bep an Nhu Thanh
Bdp an Nhu Thanh
Bip an Nhu Thanh
Tratag BC Son Ca
Khii 5, thj trin
Nhdm tre Gia dinh
Nhdm tre Gia dinh
Bip to Nhu Thtoh
Bip to Nhu Thdta
Khii 4, thj tran
Dutag Lao, Hifp Die
Nha tre CD Que Thp
Nha tte CD Qui Thp
MG Son Ca, Qui Thp
Nha tre CD Qui Thp
Miu gido Qui Thp
Dutag Lap, Hifp Die Bip fa Que Bita
Bep fa Qui Bita
Bep fa Que Bita
Thdn I, Que Bita
Thj ttto Tto An Thj ttto Tto An
Thj ttto Tto An
Npi tini DT Sing Tri
Ndi tm DT Sdng Tra Ndi ttiiDT Sdng Tra
Duong Ldo, Hifp Die
Ndi tiii DT Sdng Tra
Bfp to CA Bip fa CA
Bep fa Kiem Lam
493.
494.
495.
496. 497.
498.
499.
500. 501.
502.
503.
504.
505.
506.
507.
508.
509.
510.
511.
512.
513.
514.
515.
516.
517.
518.
519.
520.
521.
522.
523.
524.
525.
526.
527.
528.
529.
530.
Huyta Thj Cic
Nguyin Thj Ddng
V8 Thj Thata Tam
Trdn Thj Kim Binh
Le Thj Hdng
Phan Thj Minh
Nguyin Thj Hoa
Phgm Thj Phi Trjnh Thj Lan
Duong Thj Hudng
Phan Thj Tim
Le Thj Nhto
Nguydn T Ngpe Tdm
Nguydn Thj Cam
Dd Thj Huong
Nguyin Thj Cd
Nguyin Thj Lf
Ducmg Thj Hudng
Phgm Thj Hdng
Dita Thi Phuang
Nguydn T. Kim Ata
Hd Thj Huong
Nguyen Thj Nang
Nguyen Thj Hoa
Nguyin Thj An
Hd Thj Lan
H i Thj Hdng
Dmh Thj L i t a
Nguyin Thj Phugng
Hd Thj Kim Nhft
Dita Thi Hgta
H i Thj An
Nguyin Thj Hdng
Nguyin Thj Ha
Nguyin Thj Trita
Nguyin Thi Nhan HujmhT. Bich Ngpc
Trin Thj Hdng
55
41
29
32
43
35
38
50
40
40
35
43
38
46
40
42
35
29
41
37
25
32
27
26
34
29 27
26 36
40
29
26
24 29
40
75
27
5b
Bep an tap thi
Bep an tap thi
Bep to tap thi
Bep an tap thi
Bip an tap thi
Bep to tap thi
Bip an tgp thi
Bep an tdp thi
Bip an tap thi
Bip to tap thi
Bip to tap thi
Bip to tap the
Bep to tap the
Bep to tgp the
Bep to tap the
Bep to tap the
Bip to tap thi
Bep to tap the
Bep fa tdp the
Bep fa tap the
Bip fa tap thi
Bip fa tap the
Bep fa tap the
Bip to tap thi
Bep to tap thi
Bip to tap the Bip an tap the
Bip to tap thi Bep to tap thi
Bip an tap the
Bep to tap the
Bep fa tap thi
Bip to tap thi Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Thj trto Tan An
Thj tran Tdn An
Tratag MN Mdng Non
Trutag MN Mang Non
Nhd tre td 7, Tan An
Tratag IVIN Mdng Non Thj trto Tdn An
Binh Ldm, Hifp Die
Binh Ldm, Hifp Die
MG thdn Ngpc Lam
MG Hpa Phong Lan
Mau gido Hoa Phong Lan
Nhj Ddng, Binh Ldm
Nhj Ddng, Binh Lam
MG Hoa Phong Lan
Mau Giao Bita Lam
Thdn 6, Bita Lam
MG thdn Ngpc Lam
CT xay dyng Son Ha
UBND xa Tra Tap
Tratag cap 2 Tra Tap
Mau Gido xa Trd Tap
Tratag cdp 1 Tra Tap
Cdng ty cau dutag
UBND xa Tra Don
Tratag cap 2, Tra Don Tratag cap 1, Tra Don
Miu Giao xa Tra Don Cdng ty cau dutag
Tratag Cap 1, Tra Nam
Tratag cap 2, Tra Nam
CTXDNamTraMy
LOBNDxaTraNam Phudc Hoa, Tam Ky
Phudc Hoa, Tam Ky
Phudc Hoa, Tam Ky
Phudc Hoa, Tam Ky
Phudc Hoa, Tam Ky
531.
532.
533. 534.
535. 536.
537.
538. 539.
540.
541.
542.
543.
544.
545.
546.
547.
548.
549.
550.
551.
552.
553.
554.
555.
556.
557.
558.
559.
560.
561.
562.
563.
564.
565.
566.
567.
568.
569.
Nguyin Lan
Trto Thj Tra Huynh Thj Cic
Mai Thj thuy
Nguyen van Hoe
v a Thanh Tratag
Nguyin Thj Dung
Vo Thj Mudi Lf Thj Thuy
Trto Thj Tho
Le Thj yen Linh
Trto Thj Hdng
Trin Thj Tg
Trto Thj Nguyft
Doto Thj Liiu
Doto Thj Hoa
Hd Thj Thu Thuy
Nguyen Thj Hoa
Li Thj Minh
Bii Thj Huang
Trto Thi Bdn
Trin Thj Thata
Ng.Thata Nghifp
Trto Thi Lan
Nguyin Thj Thuy
Traang Thj Xuydn
Nguyin Thj Hoa
Dang Thj Hdng Ld
Nguyin Thj Phuong
Nguyin Thj Thata
Trin Thj My Phuong
Nguyin Thj Phudc
Doto Thj Thom
Nguyin Thi Hoa
Huyta Thi vift
Nguyin Thi Va
Dita Thj Ngpc
Nguyin Thj Thu
Trin Vfa Phung
53
42
44
50
68 42
51
53
33
34
25
26
42
73
46
69
41
42
39
52
39
40
17
44
42
40
55
42
47
38
40
48
39
32
42
39
41 42
57
Bto rong
Ban rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Ban rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Ban rong
Ban rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Ban rong Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong Bto rong
Bto rong Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong Bto rong
Bto rong
Phudc Hoa, Tam Ky
Phudc Hoa, Tam Ky
Phudc Hod, Tam Ky
Phudc Hod, Tam Ky
Phudc Hoa, Tam Ky
Phudc Hoa, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An My, Tam Ky
An Xuto, Tam Ky
An Xuto, Tam Ky
An Xuto, Tam Ky
An Xuto, Tam Ky An Xuto, Tam Ky
An Xuto, Tam Ky
An Xuto, Tam Ky
An Xuto, Tam Ky
An Xuto, Tam Ky An Xuto, Tam Ky
An Xuto, Tam Ky An Xuto, Tam Ky
An Xuto, Tam Ky
An Xuto, Tam Ky An Xuto, Tam Ky
An Xuto, Tam Ky
570.
571.
572.
573. 574.
575.
576. 577.
578.
579.
580.
581.
582.
583.
584.
585.
586.
587.
588.
589.
590.
591.
592.
593.
594.
595.
596.
597.
598.
599.
600.
601.
602.
603.
604.
605.
606.
607.
608.
Li Thj Thanh
Nguyin THj Nhung
Nguyin Thj Anh
Ng. Thi Hdng Van
Vto Thj Hing
Le Nguyin Hoai Thu
Huyta Thj Tuyet Doto Thj Anh Nga
Dd Thj Long
Traang Thj Hdng
Vd Thj Bich Hutag
Trifu Thj Quy
Li Thj Sen
Ng. Thj Dif u Uydn
Nguyen Thj Difu
Nguyen Thj Hiiu
Nguyen Thj Ni
Nguyen Thj Kha
v a Vto Trita
Le Vto Kha
Le Vto Khai
Li thi Hdng Nghi
Phan Thj Nam
Nguyin Thj Ldc
Nguyin Thj Vto
Doto Thj Kim Dung
Nguyin Thj Lgc
Trin Thi Ldu
Trin thj Lya
Huyta Thj Do
Ngd Thj Nghifm
Trto Thj Phyng
v a Thj Liin
Nguyin Thj Ut
Phung Thj Lai
Huyta Ly Sata
Nguyin Thj Thuy
Trin Thj Dao
D 5 Thj Luyin
41
35
35
32
38
41
40
35
26
30
33
46
29
35
49
40
56
57
54
54
56
44
52
42
48 47
46
60
54
32
43
37
40
52
38
35
45
42
55
Bdn rong
Bdn rong
Ban rong
Ban rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Ban rong
Bto rong
Ban rong
Ban rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Ban rong
Ban rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Ban rong
Ban rong Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Ban rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Tto Thata, Tam Ky
Tto Thgnh, Tam Ky
Tto Thanh, Tam Ky
Tan Thanh, Tam Ky
Tto Thgnh, Tam Ky
Tto Thgnh, Tam Ky
Tto Thgta, Tam Ky
Tan Thgnh, Tam Ky
Tan Thgnh, Tam Ky
Tan Thgta, Tam Ky
Tan Thata, Tam Ky
Tto Thgta, Tam Ky
Tan Thata, Tam Ky
Tan Thata, Tam Ky
Tto Thgta, Tam Ky
Tdn Thgta, Tam Ky
Tdn Thgta, Tam Ky
Tto Thata, Tam Ky
Tan Thata, Tam Ky
Tan Thata, Tam Ky
Tto Thgta, Tam Ky
Tam Hifp, Nii Thdta
Tam Hifp, Nil Thata
Tam Hifp, Nii Thdta
Tam Hifp, Nii Thdta Tam Hiep, Nui Thdta
Tam Hifp, Nii Thdta
Tam Hifp, Nii Thdta
Tam Hifp, Nii Thita
Tam Hiep, Nil Thata
Tam Hifp, Nii Thita
Thj Trto Nii Thata
Thi Trin Nii Thita
Thj Trto Nii Thata
Thi Trto Nui Thita
Thi Trto Nii Thata
Thj Trto Nii Thata
Thj Trto Nii Thata
Thj Trin Nii Thata
609.
610.
611.
612.
613.
614.
615. 616.
617.
618.
619.
620.
621. 622.
623. 624.
625.
626.
627.
628.
629.
630.
631.
632.
633.
634.
635.
636.
637.
638.
639.
640.
641.
642.
643.
644.
645.
646.
647.
Phan Thj Thu Ba
Nguyin Thj Nga Dd Thj Huf
Trto Thj Kim Thoa
Ngd Thj Quto
Dd Thj Thu
Doan Thj Thu Linh Huyta Thj Vuong
Doto Thj Li
Bui Kidn Nghia
Nguyin Ngpe Thtoh
Le Vto Nhan
Nguyin Thj Diin
Li Thi Thudc
Td Thj Hoa Li Thj Thu Bich
Nguyin Thanh Rto
Nguyen Thj Ata
Le Thj My Dung
Nguyen Thj Huong
Phan Thj Dung
Traang Thi Cam
Nguyin Thj Cue
Phan Thj Chuang
Nguyin Thj Thoa
Nguyen Thj Thy
Nguyen Thj Mai
Bii Thj Liin
Nguyin Thj Lien
Nguyin Thj Nhon
Bui Thj Sita
Nguyin Thi Hotog
Nguyin Thj Chiin
Traang Thi Hoa
Nguyin Thj Lita
Phan Thj Thao
Nguyin Thj Nguyet
v e Thi Thuy
Vuong Thj Dung
58
57
48
50
46 45
50
61
49
27
48
39
33
50
51
32
39
30
42
43
43
28
48
55
63
42
50
50
36
38
44
47 32
48
69
40
35
40
38
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bdn rong
Bdn rong
Ban rong
Ban rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bin rong
Ban rong
Bto rong
Ban rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Ban rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Ban rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Thj Trin Nii Thdnh
Thj Trin Nii Thdnh
Tam xudn 1, Nii Thdnh
Tam xudn 1, Nii Thdnh
Tam xudn 1, Nii Thdnh
Tam xuan 1, Nil Thanh
Tam xudn 1, Nii Thdnh
Tam xudn 1, Nii Thdnh
Tam xudn 1, Nui Thanh
Tam xudn 1, Nii Thdnh
Tam xuan 1, Nii Thtoh
Tam xudn 1, Nii Thinh
Tam Tien, Nii Thata
Tam Tien, Nii Thita
Tam Tien, Nii Thinh
Tam Tien, Nii Thita
Tam Tien, Nii Thanh
Tam Tien, Nii Thdta
Tam Tien, Nii Thdta
Tam Tien, Nii Thata
Tam Tien, Nii Thdta
Tam Tien, Nii Thdta
Tam Xuto 2, Nii Thtoh
Tam Xuto 2, Nii Thita
Tam Xuto 2, Nii Thtoh
Tam Xuto 2, Nii Thtoh
Tam Xuto 2, Nii Thtoh
Tam Xuto 2, Nii Thita
Tam Xuto 2, Nii Thita
Tam Xuan 2, Nii Thita
Tam Xuto 2, Nii Thita
Tam Xuan 2, Nii Thtoh Que Bita, Hifp Die
Que Bita, Hifp Die
Qui Bita, Hifp Die
Qui Bita, Hifp Die
Qui Bita, Hifp Die
Qui Bita, Hifp Die
Qui Bmh, Hiep Die
648.
649.
650.
651.
652.
653.
654.
655.
656.
657.
658.
659.
660.
661.
662.
663.
664.
665.
666.
667.
668.
669.
670.
671.
672.
673.
674.
675.
676.
677.
678.
679.
680.
681.
682.
683.
684.
685.
686.
Trdn Thj Liin
Nguyin Thj Ntog
Ng. Thj Gitog Ngpc
Vuong Thj Xuto
Nguyin Thj Ngpc
Hotog Thj Vinh
Le Thj Chita
Nguyen Thi Thanh
Phan Thj Phg Dung
Vuong Thj e l m
Le Thj Lpc
Doto Thj Thanh
Doto Thj Thata
Trto Thj Khtog
Nguyin Thj Vto
Phgm Thj Yen
Dgng Thj Lam
Trin Thj Kim Phudc
Phan Thj Thata
Phan Thj Thu Suong
v a Thj Ngpe
Trin Thj Ly
Vo Thj Ata
Huyta Thi Tam
Phgm Thj Cic
Trin Thj Thu Trang
Nguyin Thj Chin
Nguyin Thj Ata
Nguyin Thj Vto
Phan Thj Tuyit Hgta
Hd Thj Ta Phan Thi Kim Loan
Dtog Thi Tita Nguyin Thj Nhan
Hd Thj Phi
Nguyin Thi Lien
L i Thi Quynh
Dmh Thi Thuy
Nguyin Thata Dita 48
40
40
37
47
53
31
35
45
23
62
30
33
33
52
54
52
38
47
32
32
39
43
30
38
46
29
34
39
51
44
35
41 34
36
36
39
30
29
Bto rong
Ban rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Ban rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Ban rong
Ban rong
Bto rong
Ban rong
Bdn rong
Bdn rong
Ban rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Ban rong
Bto rong
Bto rong Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Ban rong
Bto rong Ban rong
Ban rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Bto rong
Que Binh, Hifp Die
Que Binh, Hifp Die
Que Binh, Hiep Die
Binh Lim, Hifp Die
Binh Lam, Hifp Die
Binh Lam, Hifp Die
Bita Lim, Hifp Die
Binh Lam, Hiep Die
Binh Lam, Hifp Die
Bita Lam, Hifp Die
Binh Lam, Hifp Die
Bita Lam, Hifp Die
Bita Lim, Hifp Die
TT Tto An, Hifp Die
TT Tto An, Hifp Die
TT Tdn An, Hifp Die
TT Tto An, Hiep Die
TT Tto An, Hifp Die
TT Tan An, Hiep Die
TT Tto An, Hifp Die TT Tdn An, Hiep Die
TT Tto An, Hifp Die
Que Thp, Hifp Due
Qui Thp, Hiep Die
Que Thp, Hifp Die Qui Thp, Hifp Die
Que Thp, Hiep Die
Que Thp, Hifp Die
Que Thp, Hifp Die
Que Thp, Hifp Die
Que Thp, Hifp Die
Qui Thp, Hifp Die Qui Thp, Hiep Die
Trd Nam, Nam Tra My
Tra Nam, Nam Tra My
Tra Nam, Nam Tra My
Tra Nam, Nam Trd My
Tra Nam, Nam Tra My
Tra Don, Nam Tra My
687.
688.
689.
690.
691.
692.
693.
694.
695.
696.
697.
698.
699.
700.
701.
702.
703.
704.
705.
706.
707.
708.
709.
710.
711.
712.
713.
714.
715.
716.
717.
718.
719.
720.
721.
722.
723.
724.
725.
Traang Van Phudc
Trto Thj Sen
Nguyin Thj Sen
Truong Thj Thim
Hd Thj Difp
Hd Thj Didm
Nguyin Thj Thutag
Nguyin Thj Hdng
Nguydn Thj Hotog
Nguyen Thata Qugn
Mai Tto Cutag
Nguydn Vidt Cam
Dd Dinh Vj
Phan Vfa Nggc
Nguyin Hdng Son
Mai Tin Khoa
Nguydn Trao
Nguyen Vto Luto
Trto Vto Soan
Le Thj Thu Thdo
Vu Thj To Uyen
Nguyin Thj Difn
Trin Thj Ph. Thdo
Nguyen Thj Lan
Phan Chau Tuto
Nguyin Dita Hao
Hotog Trang Thanh
Ngjiyin Nhu Lam
Dtog Vita Hing
Traong Ngpc Hii
Nguyin Mita Hifu
Huyta Ngpc Hdng
Thai Htag Nhat
Nguyin Kh. Phuong
Dao Hdng Thiin
Trin T. Thata Thuy
Khuu Hdng Huf
Nguyin Thj Lai
31
44
25
53
40
28
49
40
48
40
52
45
51
31
88
38
32
39
60
33
46
45
Pham Thi Kim Cht |
37
44
52
35
30
30
43
23
39
40
50
31
26
31
36
36 24
Bto rong
Ban rong
Ban rong
Bdn rong
Bdn rong
Bto rong
Bdn rong
Bdn rong
Bto rong
Cto bp VP
CBVHTT
CT Mat ttan
CTUBND
Bi thu doto
BT Dfag iy
CTHDND
PCT Hdi ND
PCTUBND
CTHpiND
PCT Phy ntt
CTHLHPN
PCTUBND
CB tu phip
CBUBND
CT Mat ttto CTHDND
CB tu phap
CTHpi
CTHpi
PCTUBND
BT Dtog bd
CTCCB CBTBXH
PCT
CB dia chita
PCT
CBVPUB
CBUBND PBT Doto
Tra Don, Nam Trd My
Tra Don, Nam Trd My
Trd Don, Nam Tra My
Tra Don, Nam Tra My
Tra Tap, Nam Tra My
Tra Tap, Nam Tra My
Tra Tap, Nam Tra My
Tra Tap, Nam Tra My
Tra Tap, Nam Trd My
Phutag Tdn Thgta
Phutag Tan Thgta
Phutag Tan Thanh
Phutag Tdn Thgta
Phutag Tto Thgta
Phutag Tto Thgta
Phutag Tdn Thgta
Phutag Tan Thgta
Phutag Tan Thata
Phutag Tan Thata
Phutag Tto Thgta
Phutag Tdn Thgta
Phutag Tto Thata
Phutag Tto Thgta
Phutag Tan Thgta
Phutag An My Phutag An My
Phutag An My
Phutag An My
Phutag An My
Phutag An My
Phutag An My
Phutag An My Phutag An My
Phutag An My
Phutag An My
Phutag An My
Phutag An My
Phutag An My Phutag An My
726.
727. 728.
729.
730.
731.
732.
733.
734.
735.
736.
737.
738.
739.
740.
741.
742.
743.
744.
745.
746.
747.
748.
749.
750.
751.
752.
753.
754.
755.
756.
757.
758.
759.
760.
761.
762.
763.
764.
Nguyin van Thdng
Hotog Ngpc Phto
Ddng Minh Phic
Phan Vto Thjta
Nguyin Trilu Hinh
Phgm Dinh Htag
Trjta Huy Hiiu
Li Thj Thtoh Tjnh
Nguyen Thi X. Anh
Truong Thi My Linh
Ta Trto Thanh Thdo
Ng Thj Th. Doan
Nguyen Thi Hanh
Nguyen Thj Hutag
Nguyin Thj Nguyft
Vo Thata Tratag
Trto Dita Siu
Hd Thata Mita
Trto Cdng Vto
Dang Nguyin Ph. Vy
Nguydn Die Chita
Nguyen Le Sim
Le Dita Thata
Trto Ata Tuto
Li Cdng Lop
Trin Ngpc Qutog
Ng.ThjTdNga
Nguyin Thj H.Thuy Trjta T.Ngpc Thiy
Ng. Thj Td Trita
Doto Nhom
Trin Toto
Pham Cuu
Trin Qude Bio
Le Tin Vita
Lam San Hii
Nguyin Vfa Phong
Trto Vto Thu
Trin Ngpc My
49
59
45
53
55
50
24
24
36
45
28
24
45
47
45
46
62
55
48
54
52
31
45
50
50
55
47
27
27
24
28
31
34
54
45
27
33
36
27
CB tu phap
CTCCB
Chanh VP
PCT
Tuyen giao
PCT CCB
Bi thu doto
Ban kita ti
Vtofliu
PBT doto
Vto thu dtog
VP Dtog iy
PCT MTrto
Thi quy
PCTPN
Ban kita te
PCBUBND
CTHDND
CB tu phdp
CBVHTT
CTUBND
CTHpiND
PCTUBND
CTMT
CTCCB BT Dtog iy
PBT Doto
CTHLHPN
PCTHDND
CBUBND
Tr.ttgmBVTV
Tr.CA
TP.Ki ta t i BTdoto
Phd phdng GD
TP. Td ehic
PhdCA
CT Hdi ddng y Dfi phd QLTT
Phutag An Xuto
Phutag An Xudn
Phutag An Xuto
Phutag An Xuto
Phutag An Xuan
Phutag An Xuan
Phudng An Xuan
Phutag An Xudn
Phutag An Xudn
Phutag An Xudn
Phutag An Xuto
Phutag An Xuto
Phutag An Xuan
Phutag An Xuto
Phutag An Xudn Phutag Phudc Hda
Phutag Phudc Hda
Phutag Phudc Hda
Phutag Phudc Hda
Phutag Phudc Hda
Phutag Phudc Hda
Phutag Phudc Hda
Phutag Phudc Hda
Phutag Phudc Hda
Phutag Phudc Hda Phutag Phudc Hda
Phutag Phudc Hda
Phutag Phudc Hda
Phutag Phudc Hda
Phutag Phudc Hda
UBND TP. TamKy
UBND TP. TamKy
UBND TP. Tam Ky UBND TP. Tam Ky
UBND TP. TamKy
UBND TP. Tam Ky
UBND TP. Tam Ky
UBND TP. Tam Ky UBND TP. TamKy
765.
766.
767.
768.
769.
770. 771.
772.
773.
774.
775.
776.
777.
778.
779.
780.
781.
782.
783.
784.
785.
786.
787.
788.
789.
790.
791.
792.
793.
794.
795.
796.
797.
798.
799.
800.
801.
802.
803.
Nguyin Qude Vift
Nguyin HOu Dac
Nguyen Duy An
Nguyin Hull Vita
Bui Cao Nhto
Cao Quang Die Ng. Thanh Hiin
Trto Qude Phuong
Nguyin Ngpe Duy
Bii Thj If Thiy
Pham Thj Trang
Nguydn Thj Hoa
Trto Thj Bp
Dtog Thj Phi Hoa
Dtog Thj Hdng Vi
Ng. Thj H. Hata
Vu Thj Ata Suong
Trto Vfa Hda
Traang Quang Lugt
Mai Vfa Thtog Nguyin Tiin thie
Li Vfa Phu
Nguyin Hong Nhi
Nguydn Ngpe Ata
Phgm van Hifu
Mai Vto Xuan
Nguyin Vfa Bdn
Nguyin Xuto Ata
Nguyin Giip
LO Dita Vfa
Hotog Mdng Lita
Nguyin Thj Huy
Nguyin Tto Ddng
Nguyin V. Thuong
Nguyin Die Thit
Mai Hai Nam
Doto Ba Thdta
Pham Vto Cdng
Nguyin D ie Hung
30
46
40
42
46
41 57
43
45
50
49
39
29
36
32
29
31
50
46
48
36
36
55
36
41
48
51
34
51
46
55
46
52
48
47
39
27
40
33
Dpi phd CA
Dai trayin thanh
Phd TC-KH
PGD.TTYT
P.trgm thi y
Phd chi eye thud TP Npi vu
Phdng kinh ti
P. phdng VHTT
PGD. DS-GD
GD. DS - GD
Tram thi y
Phdng TB-XH
CT. HLHPN
Phdng y te
P.CVPUB
Phdng TC-KH
PCTUBND
CtobpKT-TC
CBTrayin tiiata
Tratag VHTT
PCTHDND
Tratag CA
Xa dpi tiiitag
BT Doto TN CTHND
CTM.Trto BT Dtog iy
PCT
CTUBND CT Hdi CCB
CTHpiPN
PhdCT
CAxa
Tratag TYT
BT Dpto xa
HDND
CBfliud
Tu phip
UBND TP. Tam Ky
UBND TP. Tam Ky
UBND TP. Tam Ky
UBND TP. Tam Ky
UBND TP. Tam Ky
UBND TP. Tam Ky
UBND TP. Tam Ky
UBND TP. Tam Ky
UBND TP. Tam Ky
UBND TP. Tam Ky
UBND TP. Tam Ky
UBND TP. Tam Ky
UBND TP. Tam Ky
UBND TP. TamKy
UBND TP. Tam Ky
LIBNDTP. TamKy
UBND TP. Tam Ky
Tam Tiin, Nii Thata Tam Tiin, Nii Thata
Tam Tiin, Nii Thdta
Tam Tien, Nii Thdta
Tam Tiin, Nii Thdta
Tam Tiin, Nil Thdta
Tam Tien, Nii Thita
Tam Tien, Nii Thita Tam Tiin, Nui Thdta
Tam Tien, Nii Tbita Tam Tiin, Nil Thita
Tam Tiin, Nii Thata
Tam Tiin, Nil Thdta Tam Tien, Nil Thdta
Tam Tiin, Nii Thita
Tam Xuto 2, Nii Thtoh
Tam Xuto 2, Nii Thita
Tam Xuto 2, Nil Thita
Tam Xuto 2, Nii Thita
Tam Xuto 2, Nit Thdta
Tam Xuto 2, Nii Thdta
Tam Xuto 2, Nit Thdta
804.
loir 806.
807.
808.
809.
810.
811.
812. 813.
814.
815.
816.
817.
818.
819.
820.
821.
822.
823.
824.
825.
826.
827.
828.
829.
830.
831.
832.
833.
834.
835.
836.
837.
838.
839.
840.
841.
842.
Nguyen V i Lpng
Nguyen Tdn Nam Ngd Cdng Doto
Ve Cdng Djnh
Thai Vfa Hda
Chau Ngpe Kha
Doto Thj Thiy
Dofa Thj Hdng
Nguyen Ata Quto Nguyin Ding Tiin
Pham Die Thata
Trto Vfa Ba
Hd Vfa Lpi
Mai Kim Quoc
Nguydn Dang Nam
Nguyen Tien Dtog
Nguyen Dita Ha
Bui Vfa Ngpc
Nguyin Nguyen Vu
Trto Thj Thu Sang
Trto Thj Tien
H i Thj Nhung
Bii Thi Trie Hi
Nguyen Tam
Dmh Xuto Hung
Tra Mita The
Nguyin Van Mudn
Luong Vto Kin
Phgm Nguyin
Trin Ba Ting
Nguyin Die Ata
Nguyin Tr. Phyc
Pham Vto Thugng
Trin Yen Phuang
Ngd Thj Tidn
Le Thi NO
Tra Thi Tin
Trin Thj Lata
Nguyin Ngpc Ata
39
54 49
54
72
34
45
42
34
28
27
45
43
53
54
40
39
71
26
52
38
48
52
55
48
42
50
30
40
37
40
37
41
27
30
42
44 42
45
Chdta VP
Tratag CA
Hdi CTD
PCTMT
CT hdi CCB
Tratag VHTT
Phd HLHPN
CT Hpi PN
CTUBND
CT Hdi ND
CB ddi TT
CB dja chinh
BT Dodn
Hdi CCB
CB tu phap
xa dpi tratag
Tratag CA
PCTMT
CB Vto phdng
Tratag TYT
CTHLHPN
PCTUBND
VP Uy ban CTHpiNCT
BT Doan xa
BQL chp
CTHND Tratag ban TC
CT Hpi CTD
Tratag ban NN CT Mat tidn
PCTHDND
Tratag CA
CBVP PCTUBND
Tratag TYT CT Hdi PN
CBVHTT
CT hdi CCB
Tam Xudn 2, Nui Thanh
Tam Xuan 2, Nii Thdnh
Tam Xudn 2, Nii Thanh
Tam Xuto 2, Nui Thtoh
Tam Xuto 2, Nui Thdnh
Tam Xudn 2, Nii Thtoh
Tam Xuto 2, Nii Thdnh
Tam Xudn 2, Nii Thtoh
xa Tam Xuan 1
Xa Tam Xudn 1
Xa Tam Xuan 1
xa Tam Xuan 1
xa Tam Xuan 1
xa Tam Xuto 1
Xa Tam Xudn 1
xa Tam Xuto 1
xa Tam Xuto 1
xa Tam Xuto 1
xa Tam Xudn 1
xa Tam Xuto 1
xa Tam Xuto 1
Xa Tam Xudn 1
Xa Tam Xuan 1 Xa Tam Hifp
xa Tam Hifp
xa Tam Hifp
xa Tam Hifp xa Tam Hifp
Xa Tam Hifp
Xa Tam Hiep xa Tam Hifp
xa Tam Hifp
Xa Tam Hifp
Xa Tam Hifp xa Tam Hifp
Xa Tam Hifp xa Tam Hiep
xa Tam Hiep
T/ttIn Nii Thata
843.
844.
"iilT 846.
847. 848.
849.
850.
851.
852.
853. 854.
855.
856. 857.
858.
859.
860.
861.
862.
863.
864.
865.
866.
867.
868.
869.
870.
871.
872.
873.
874.
875.
876.
877.
878.
879.
880.
881.
Bii Vto Son
Do Minh Thata
Nguyin Van Thanh
Le Thata Hda
Pham Vfa Tran Huynh van Binh
Nguyin Van Phfa
Dd Ngpc Tam
Dang Thj T. van
Nguyin Thj Yin
Ng. Thj Ng. Lan Trto Thj Thu
v e Thj Kim Hoa
Nguyin Thj H. An Nguyen Tto Nhcm
Huynh Vto Cdng
Dita Hidn Trung
Huyta Mita Cutag
Phan Nhu Lai
Huyta Vfa oai
Nguyin Quoc Tin
Nguyin Lam
Trin Cao Khai
Nguyin Van Co
Trin Thata Nhung
Pham Cdng Vfa
TrInKhata
Le Vfa Huto
L i Viit Vita
Trto Ting
Nguyin Dutag
Vo Dfag Li Nguyin Thata Vinh
Nguyin Vfa Lu$n
Trin Vfa Huto
Nguyin Die Tri
Huyta Thi
NguySn Tto Trayin
Huyta Thi Hoa
45
32
49
34
20
55
45
32
46
40
34
35
43
45
55
41
53
50
50
50
50
45
44
46
52
47 33
53
53
71
50
49
32
32
25
40
43
47
50
PCTUBND Thj dpi tratag
PCTUB
BT Dpto TN
CB qudn Iy
PCT hpi CCB
CT Hpi ND
PCT Hpi ND
PCT Hfi PN
CT Hpi PN
C. trach DS
CB Dan van
CT Mat trdn
PCT Mat trto
Phd TC-KH
PhdCA
PBT doto
BTdoto
Phd trgm thi y
Tratag VHTT
Phd Ban VHTT
Phd VHTT
CBVHTT
CT Hdi CTD
PCT Hdi ND
GDTTYT
CVPUB
CV phdng GD
Dpi ttg QLTT
Ketoto
Phd phdng GD
PhdCA Dpi tratag CA
Phpph.TBXH
TP Ndng nghiep
CB Phdng y td
KS vien QLTT
Td ttg QLTT
CTHOiLHHPN
T/ttto Nii Thdta
T/tran Nui Thdnh T/trto Nii Thdta
T/tran Nii Thita
T/tran Nii Thata
T/ttto Nii Thata
T/tran Nii Thanh
T/trfa Nii Thinh
T/trto Nii Thita
T/trln Nii Thita
T/tran Nii Thdta
T/tran Nii Thdta
T/trto Nii Thdta
T/trdn Nii Thata
huyfn Nii Thdta
huyfn Nii Thdta
huyfn Nii Thdta
huyen Nii Thdta
huyfn Nii Thdta
huyfn Nii Thdta
huyfn Nii Thdta
huyfn Nii Thdta
huyfn Nii Thdta
huyfn Nii Thdta
huyfn Nii Thita
huyfn Nii Thata
huyfn Nii Thata
huyfn Nii Thita
huyfn Nii Thata
huyfn Nii Thita
huyfn Nii Thata
huyfn Nii Thata huyfn Nii Thita
huyfn Nii Thata
huyfn Nii Thita
huyfn Nii Thata
huyfn Nii Thata
huyfn Nii Thdta
huyfn Nii Thdta
882.
~m7 884.
885.
886.
887.
888.
889.
890.
891.
892.
893. 894.
895.
896. 897.
898.
899.
900.
901.
902.
903.
904.
905.
906.
907.
908.
909.
910.
911.
912.
913.
914.
915.
916.
917.
918.
919.
920.
Le Thj Chung
Bii Thj Xuto Thiy
Trto Thi Bich Hpp
Pham Thj Cic
Pham Thj H. Thim
Duong Bao Lpc
v e Ngpc Hiin
Luong Cdng Thai
Nguydn Vto Cdng
Huynh Quang Dtog
Duong Hotog An
Le Duy Hata Trto Vto Bd
Dtog Ngpc Son
Luu Vto Thotog Nguyin Phudc Lilu
Li Tratag Thdng
Ng Th. Ata Minh
Dfag Thj Lf T i
Doto Thj Thu Thuy
Trto Vto Lpi
Trang Vto Sang
Dd Vfa Xin
Nguyin Tratag Son
Nguyin The Ky
Phan Dita Long
Huyta Chi
Trto Vfa sy
Traong Cdng Thata
Phan Nhat Thutag
Duong Phi Ai
Trin Qude Tri
Nguyin Ldm
Dtog Thj Nam
Nguyin Thi Lupng
Nguyin Tin Hai
Trin Ngpc My
Phan Thata Ba
Trin Nggc Coi
31
55
49
24
53
53
45 55
45
46
64
52
32
60
55
45
56
43
40
53
49
67
37
29
44
48
41
40
45
32
27
50
46
30
32
31
26
37
31
Hpi phd LHPN
Hdi phd LHPN
CV phdng GD
Trutag dai
TT Hpi ND
CB VHTT
CB TPhap
Bi thu Dtog uy
PBT Doto
T.ehinh-KT
CB Dan s i
CB Dto s i
CT hpi ndng dan
Tratag CA
CT hpi CCB
CT HOi NCT
PCT Cyu CB
CBVP
CTHLHPN
Tuydn giao
CBVP
Trg BQL chp
Bi thu Dtog uy
CT hdi ndng dto
Tratag BND
Tratag CA
PCTUBND
PCTUBND
Kitoto
Tratag tai chita
Bi thu doto
PBT Doto
Bi thu ehi bp PCT HLHPN
CTHLHPN
CTUBND
PCTUBND
CAxa
PCAxa
huyfn Nui Thtoh
huyen Nii Thdnh
huyfn Nii Thtoh
huyfn Nii Thdta
huyen Nii Thinh
UBND xa Qui The
UBND xa Qui Thp
UBND xa Qui Tho
UBND xa Qui Thp
UBND xa Qui Thp
UBND xa Qui Thp
UBND xd Qui Thp
UBND xa Qui Thp
UBND xa Qui Thp
UBND xa Qui Thp
UBND xa Qui Thp
UBND xa Qui Thp
UBND xa Que Thp
UBND xa Que Thp
UBND xa Que Thp
UBND TT Tan An
UBND TT Tto An
UBND TT Tto An
UBND TT Tto An
TTTfa An
UBND TT Tto An
UBND TTTfa An
UBND TT Tto An
UBND TT Tto An
UBND TT Tto An
UBND TT Tto An
UBND TTTfa An
UBND TT Tto An UBND TT Tto An
UBND TT Tto An
UBND xa Qui Bita
UBND xa Quf Bita
UBND xa Que Bita
UBND xa Que Bita
921.
922.
923. 924.
925. "
926.
927.
928.
929.
930.
931.
932.
933.
934.
935.
936. 937.
938.
939.
940.
941.
942.
943.
944.
945.
946.
947.
948.
949.
950.
951.
952.
953.
954.
955.
956.
957.
958.
959.
Dtag Vto Tiin
Vu Trang Vto
Trto Ngpc Phim Pham Phi Thanh
Nguyin Vfa Dto Le Dinh Hdi
Dtog Thj Kim Hoa
Dtog thj Thu Nga
Phgm Thj Stog
Trto Thj Anh
Nguyin Thj Thuy
Nguyin van Difn
Lf Vto Hod
Le Tto Quto
Le Vto Lgi
Traang Vto Lilu Le Mita Chdu
Le Ata
Doto Vfa Lam
Nguydn Vfa Thdng
Nguyin Dita Chidn
Trto Oai Dung
Nguyin Mii
Trin Dodn M. Hifp
DO Vto Ba
Nguyin Thj Tu
Trto Thp
Traang Vto Thata
Nguyin Duy Hdu
Vto Thp
Trin Ngpc Thdta
Dap Bdi Thuyin
Ld van Dung
L i van Hda
Nguyin Tan Lgi
Phan Dita Nhto
Le Ngpe Quang
HdVfaAn
Huyta Vfa Hotog
50
38
48
34
63
53
32
34
45
50
46
54
45
55
50
28
42
54
32
47
46
49
56
43
51
56
44
53
47
39 47
45
40
42
32
36
30
28
35
xa dOi tratag
VHTT
CT mat Iran
BTdoto
CTNCT
PCT hpi ND
CB ndng taif p
CT hpi ndng dan
CT HLHPN
CB Ddn s i
VHTT
Bi thu Doto
CT mat trdn
PCTUBND
CB Tu phap
Tratag ban TC
Chi tjch HDND
Tratag VHTT
PCTUBND
Chu tjch UBND
CB Dja chita
CT hpi ndng dto
Bi thu Dang iy
Tratag CA
CB Dto sd
CTHLHPN
TP Kita te
Phd khoa
Phd p. tai chita
Tratag Dai
Tratag phdng
CTUBND
PCTUBND
CT mat ttto
P.phdng GD-DT
Gidm dde Gidm dde
Tratag khoa
PGD
UBND xa Qui Bita
UBND xa Qui Bita
UBND xa Qui Bita
UBND xa Qui Binh
UBND xa Qui Bita
UBND xa Qui Bita
UBISTD xa Qui Bita
UBND xa Qui Binh
UBND xa Qui Bita
UBIMD xd Qui Binh
UBND xa Qui Bita
UBND xa Bita Lam
UBND xa Bita Lam
UBND xa Bita Lam
UBND xa Bita Lam
UBND xa Bita Ldm
UBND xa Bita Ldm
UBND xa Bita Lam UBND xa Bita Lam
UBND xa Bita Lam
UBND xa Bita Lam
UBND xd Bita Lam
UBND xa Binh Lam
UBND xa Bita Lam
UBND xa Bita Ldm
UBND xa Bita Ldm
Huyfn Hifp Die
TT Y te huyfn
Huyfn Hiep Die
Ddi TH huyfn
Phdng TN-MT
Huyfn Hifp Die
Huyen Hifp Die
Huyfn Hifp Die
Huyin Hiep Die
Tr. tam DS/KHHGD TTYT huyfn
TTYT huyfn
TTYT huyfn
960.
961.
962. 963.
964.
965.
966.
967. 968.
969.
970.
971.
972.
973.
974.
975.
976.
977.
978.
979.
980.
981.
982.
983.
984.
985.
986.
987.
988.
989.
990.
991.
992.
993.
994
995.
996
997.
998.
Tran Thai Nguyen
Vu Nggc Vinh
.Trto HOu Thdng Le Trfa Huynh
Phan Thanh Trita
Le Trang Hofag
Phan Ngpc Difp
Huyta Mgt Traang Ngpe Die
Nguyin Vto Hgnh
v a Trung Vift
Nguyen Hdng Mita
Huyta Thj M. Hiin
Trto Thj Th. Thiy
Huyta Thj K. Thio
v a Thj Lan
Nguyin Thj Tiin
Nguyin van Vift
Dita Vto Ly
Hd Vfa Hiin
Hd Vfa Lam
Dita Vfa Thata
Hd Vto Nat
Hd Vto Hiiu
H i Vto Rua
Hd Vfa Giap
Nguyin HOu Giap
Hd Vto Ha
Hd Thi Hita
Trin Thj Thu Hai
Mai Thj Bich Sap
Nguyin Thj Huf
Ho Vfa Xich
Nguyin Mita Die
Khuat Duy Hit Nguyin D. Thuong
Nguyin Dgi Quang
Lf Mita Thing
H i Vto Xung
45
49
57 25
50
44
50
49 27
32
50
56
30
29
28
32
30
57
26
26
26
48
32
64
42
73
25
25
30
46
36
40
38
43
44
23 28
60
27
Q/Iy thj tradng
Phd Phdng
Dpi Phd QLTT
CA huyen
Tratag trgm
CA huyfn
PP VHTT
Tratag tram
Phdng TN - MT
PBT Doto TN
CBUBND
Tratag phdng
Phd Chata VP
CT HLHPN
Bi thu doto
Phd phdng y t i
PCT HLHPN
Thin tratag
Xa dpi phd
Xa ddi tratag
Tratag CA xa xa dpi phd
CT MTrto CT Hdi ND
PBT xa doto
BT xa doto
PCTMTxa
PCTxa
PCT Phy ntt xa CT Phy ntt
CTHpi CCB
CTxa
PCT CCB
CT MTrto
CTHpiND
PCT Hdi ND
Dja chita xa
Vto phdng BT xa doto
Huyen Hifp Die
NN&PTNT huyfn
Huyen Hifp Die
Huyfn Hiep Die
Tram thi y huyfn
Huyen Hifp Die
Huyfn Hiep Die
Tram BVTV huyen
Huyfn Hiep Die
Huyfn Hiep Die
Huyfn Hiep Die
Cdng thuong huyen
UBND huyfn
Huyfn Hifp Die
Huyfn Hiep Die
Huyfn Hiep Die
Huyfn Hifp Die
xa Tra Tap
xa Tra Tdp
xa Tra Tdp
Xa Tra Tap
Xa Tra Tgp
Xa Tra Tap
x a Tra Tdp
Xa Trd Tap
Xa Tra Tap
xa Tra Tdp
xa Tra Tfp
x a Tra Tap Xa Tra Tap
Xa Trd Tap
Xa Tra Tap
Xa Tra Dan
Xa Tra Dan
Xa Tra Don
Xa Tra Don
x a Tra Dan
x a Tra Don Xa Tra Don
999.
1000.
1001.
1002.
1003. 1004.
1005.
1006.
1007. 1008.
1009.
1010.
lOII.
1012.
1013.
1014.
1015.
1016.
1017.
1018.
1019.
1020.
1021.
1022.
1023.
1024.
1025.
1026.
1027.
1028.
1029.
1030. 1031.
1032.
1033.
1034.
1035.
1036. 1037.
Hd Vto Ha
Hd Vfa Phuang
Hi Van Liin
Nguyin Van Xu
Hd Vfa Thp Nguyin Thai Tpan
Nguyin Thj Thanh
Hd Thj Huyin
Hd Vto Quto
Dinh Vto Htog
Nguyen Ngpe Vto
Trin Ngpc Hieu
Ng. Trang Doto
Ng. Thtoh Giang
Nguyen Vu Trang
Nguyin Thata Dgt
Phan Tr. Phucmg
Hd Vto Khdi
Hd Vto Mdt
Hdng Lidm
Nguyen Vfa Hoang
Hd Vfa Duong
H i Thj Nhu Ha
Nguyin van Tutag
Nguyin van Tiin
Nguyin Dita Duy
Ng. Quang Trang
Trin Thata Bita
Nguyin van Bita
Hd Vfa Lpi
Nguyin Cdng Ta
Ld Mgta Hing
Trin Nhat Mita
Trin Vfa Ata
Trita Mita Hii Doto Vto Sogn
V5 Dtog Thugn
Nguyin That Thp
Ng. Thi ta Giang
34
36
26
52
37
29
47
36
26
27
46
43
42
37
49
22
36
56
53
47
40
46
49
32
36
37
26
45
46
28
37
31
38
45
51
44
34
26
37
Thdn phd thdn 1
PCT MT xa
Ndng nghiep xa
Hpi CCB
CB van phdng
CAxa
Hpi Phy ntt xd
Van phdng xa
CT MTrto
PBT Dtog iy
CT Hpi CCB
BT Dtog iy
Giio vien
Phd Ban VH xa
Thdn tratag
Phd CA xa
PCT MT xa
Tratag thin 5
xa dpi tratag
PCT MT xa
CB Hdi CTD
CB van phdng
CTHLHPN
CB phong NN PP kita te
Phd phdng NN
CB CA huyfn
CB VP iy ban Phd CVP iy ban
Phdng ndi vy
CB VP iy ban PhdBQLTT
CB ngto htog
CB Thi y huyen
CB VP iy ban
CBVHTT
CTCD giio due
PGD
Phd Khoa
Xa Trd Don Xa Trd Don
Xa Trd Don
Xa Trd Don
Xa Trd Don
xa Tra Don
xa Tra Dan
Xa Tra Don
xa Tra Nam
Xa Tra Nam
Xa Tra Nam
xa Tra Nam
Xa Tra Nam
xa Tra Nam
Xa Trd Nam
xa Tra Nam
Xa Tra Nam
xa Tra Nam
Xa Tra Nam
xa Tra Nam
Xa Tra Nam
Xa Tra Nam
Xa Tra Nam
huyfn Nam Tra My huyfn Nam Tra My
huyfn Nam Tra My
huyen Nam Tra My
huyfn Nam Tra My huyfn Nam Tra My
huyfn Nam Tra My
huyfn Nam Tra My huyen Nam Tra My
huyfn Nam Tra My
huyfn Nam Tra My
huyfn Nam Tra My
huyfn Nam Tra My
huyen Nam Tra My
TTYT Nam Tra My
TTYT Nam Tra My
1038.
1039. 1040.
1041.
1042.
1043.
1044.
1045.
1046.
1047.
1048.
1049.
1050.
I05I.
1052.
1053.
1054.
1055.
1056.
1057.
1058.
1059.
1060.
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
v a van Dgi
Huynh Van Thi
Ngd Tin Lgc
Le Vfa Die
Nguyen Van Vy
Ng. Tratag Sinh
Phgm Ngpc Hing
Le Vto Mai
Le Hifu
Nguyen Hptog Thp
Nguyin Dinh An
Ngd Thj L. Huong
Ng. Thj T. Thuy
Nguyen Thj Tutag
Nguyfn Thj Vto
Bii Thj Yen Lita
Ng. Thj Bach Yin
Trfa Vfa Tue
Mai Tto Cutag
Le Thata Chiin
Luang Vto Thdng
Nguyin Thj Bit
Vu Thj Kim Huong
Lam Difu Ngpc
Bii Thj Bdt
Trin Thj Chi
Trjta Ky L P
Pham Thj Hi
Nguyen Thj Suong
Traang Vto Thata
Hd Vto Suong
Traong Die Thi ta
Dita Thi Co
Trin Thi Nhat Thao
Nguyin Nggc Ata Hotog Vinh Lidn
Nguyin Ngpc Mita
DdTi ta Nguyin Vfa Nmh
1
28
31
38
49
30
51
41
43
43
25
44
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
55
64
52
50
34
32
38
38
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Phd Khpa
Nhdn vidn
Giang vien
Tratag phdng
Tratag phdng
Tratag phdng
Phd Phdng
Tratag Dai
PhoGD
Phdng vidn
Giam die
Nhdn vien
Nhan vien
Nhto vien
TTGDSK
TTGDSK
TTGDSK TTGDSK
TTGDSK
TTGDSK
TTGDSK
TTGDSK
TTGDSK
TTGDSK
TTGDSK TTGDSK
TTGDSK
TTGDSK
TTGDSK TTGDSK
TTGDSK
TTGDSK
TTGDSK
TTGDSK
Nhto vien VP
Nhto vien VP
Cdng tato
Cdng tato Cdng tato
TTYT Nam Trd My
Ph. Npi vu N. Tra My
TTBD Chinh tti NTMy
GTVTdiNamTrdMy
Huyfn dpi Nam Tra My
Phdng GD Nam Tra My
Phdng GD Nam Tra My
Ddi TT Nam Tra My
TTVHTTNamTraMy
Dai TT Nam Tra My
TTBD Chinh trj NTMy
UBND huyfn NTM
Ph. Npi vuN. Trd My
Phdng GD Nam Trd My
Trgm y td Phudc Hda
Trgm y td An My
Trgm y te An Xudn
TTYT Tam Ky
TamKy Trgm y t i Tam Xudn 1
Trgm y te Tam Hiep
Trgm y t i Tam Tien
Nii Thdta
TTYT Nii Thdta
Nii Thata Trgm y te Tdn An
Trgm y ti Qui Thp
Trgm y t i Bita Ldm
Trgm y ti Que Binh TTYT Hifp Die
Nam Trd My
TTYT Nam Tra My
Nam Tra My
Nam Tra My
AnMy-TamKy
An My - Tam Ky
An My - Tam Ky
An My - Tam Ky An My - Tam Ky
1077.
IOTS; 1079:
1080.
I08I.
1082.
1083.
1084. 1085.
1086.
1087.
1088. 1089.
1090.
1091.
1092.
1093.
1094.
1095.
1096.
1097.
1098.
1099.
1100.
1101.
1102.
1103.
1104.
1105.
1106.
1107.
1108.
1109.
II10.
n i l .
1112.
1113.
1114.
1115.
Ngd Long Giang
Nguyen Van Thjnh
Nguyin Hucmg Ng. T. Kim Sang
Le Thi Thanh Nga
Trto Th Thiy Tien
Huyta T. Difu Nga
Cto Thj Thu Stag Tdng Thj Tuydt
Traang Thj Hoa
Trto Thj Trita
Trto Thj Hien Phgm Thj Ngpe
Nguyen Thj Hda
Dtog Oata Trade
Nguyen Thj Lpi
Trto Thj Thu Thiy
Phgm Thj Ddng
Pham Trto B. Thuy
Bii Thj Yin Lita
Huyta Thu Huong
Trin Thj Kim Lita
Trin T. Thu Huang
Ng. Thj Thu An
Hd Thj Bdng
Phan Thj Ld
Pham Tr Td Trang
Ld Dita Htag
Trto Dio
v a Tin Thfag
Ly Hdng Trang
Hd Ttog Vift
Nguyin Mata Hieu
Li Mita Khata
Nguyin Vfa Phic
Nguyin van Hing
Ng. Ngpe Phong
Trin Tupng
Duomg Vto Duong
42
35
67
57
75
50
70
22
36
55
42
30
66
73
45
24
28
30
23
58
48
64
56
58
38
48
46
50
36
59
36
40
34
42
24
45
50
49
45
Cdng tain
Cdng tato
Budn ban
Nhto vidn VP
Nhto vien VP
Nhto vien VP
Budn bto
Budn ban
Budn bto
Budn ban
Budn ban
Budn ban
Budn bto
Budn bto
Budn bto
Budn bto
Budn bto
Budn ban
Budn bto
Budn bto
Nhto vien VP
Nhto vien VP
Nhto vien VP
Nhto vidn VP
Budn bfa
Budn bto
Cdng tato
Cdng tato
Budn ban Nhto vien VP
Cdng tato Budn bto
Budn bto
Budn bto
Nhto vien VP
Cdng tato
Cdng tato
Cdng tato
Cdng tato
An My - Tam Ky
An My - Tam Ky
An My - Tam Ky
An My - Tam Ky
An My - Tam Ky
An My - Tam Ky
An My - Tam Ky An My - Tam Ky
An My - Tam Ky An My - Tam Ky
An My - Tam Ky
An My - Tam Ky
An My - Tam Ky
An My - Tam Ky
An My - Tam Ky
An My - Tam Ky
An My - Tam Ky
An My - Tam Ky
An My - Tam Ky
An My - Tam Ky
An My - Tam Ky
An My - Tam Ky
An My - Tam Ky
An My - Tam Ky
An My - Tam Ky
An My - Tam Ky
An My - Tam Ky
Phudc Hda - Tam Ky
Phudc Hda - Tam Ky Phudc Hda - Tam Ky
Phudc Hda - Tam Ky Phudc Hda - Tam Ky
Phudc Hda - Tam Ky
Phudc Hda - Tam Ky
Phudc Hda - Tam Ky
Phudc Hda - Tam Ky
Phudc Hda - Tam Ky
Phudc Hda - Tam Ky
Phudc Hda - Tam Ky
r~,——1 1116. 1117.
TiTsT II19.
1120.
1121.
1122.
1123.
1124.
1125.
1126.
1127.
1128.
1129.
1130.
1131. 1132.
1133.
1134.
II35.
1136.
1137.
1138.
1139.
1140.
1141.
1142.
1143.
1144.
1145.
1146.
1147.
1148.
1149.
II50.
1151.
1152.
1153. 1154.
Trto Thj Thiy Ng. Thj Td Trita
Tran Thj Tin Nguyen Thj Anh
Vo Thj Tidn
Iran Thj Tita
Le Thj Thanh Nga
Trjnh Thi Man
Trto Thi Dieu
Ng. Luu Vita Thuyen
Doto Thj Th. Tuan
Chdu Thj Cic
Trjnh Thj Ciu
Duong Thj Tuoi
Nguyin Thj A
Phan Thj Kim Cim Trto Thj Hdng
Trto Thj Vto
Phan Thj Xi
Trto Thj Vang
Nguyin Dita Tto
Cao Qude Data
Phan Thata Hdng
Dtog Thj Hue Bui Thj Ly
Huyta Thj Cdng
Hotog Thj Qua
Nguyin Thj Hiin
Trin Thj Kim Ngpe
Phan Thi Bp
Huyta Thj Nd
Ng. Thj My Thuan
Li Thj Budi
Dfag Thj Thiy
Huyta Thj Kim
Bii Thj Tuyin
Phgm Thi Thic
Pham T Kim Tuydt
Trto Thj Lilu
27
52
49
38
42
27
29
36
55
42
56
40
45
42
78
60
46
50
57
50
30
60
45
34
42
50
65
46
57
51
53
40
41
42
51
31
42
41
42
Cdng taan
Nhto vien VP
Nhin vidn VP
Budn ban
Budn bto
Budn bto
Nhan vidn VP
Budn bto
Cdng taan
Nhan vidn VP
Cdng taan
Budn bto Budn bto
Budn bdn
Cdng tato
Cdng tato
Budn bto
Nhto vien VP
Budn ban
Budn bdn
Budn bto
Ndng
Budn bto
Budn bto
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Cdng tato
Cdng tato
Cdng tato
Budn bto
Ndng Ndng
Ndng
Budn bto
Ndng
Budn bto
Budn bto
Phuae Hda - Tam Ky
Phudc Hda - Tam Ky
Phudc Hda - Tam Ky
Phudc Hda - Tam Ky
Phudc Hda - Tam Ky
Phudc Hda - Tam Ky
Phudc Hda - Tam Ky
Phudc Hda - Tam Ky
Phudc Hda - Tam Ky
Phudc Hda - Tam Ky
Phudc Hda - Tam Ky
Phudc Hda - Tam Ky Phudc Hda - Tam Ky
Phudc Hda - Tam Ky
Phudc Hda - Tam Ky
Phudc Hda - Tam Ky
Phudc Hda - Tam Ky
Phudc Hda - Tam Ky
Phudc Hda - Tam Ky
Phudc Hda - Tam Ky
Tto Thgta - Tam Ky
Tto Thgta - Tam Ky
Tto Thgta - Tam Ky
Tan Thata - Tam Ky
Tan Thata - Tam Ky
Tto Thgta - Tam Ky
Tto Thgta - Tam Ky
Tto Thata - Tam Ky
Tto Thgta - Tam Ky
Tto Thgta - Tam Ky
Tto Thgta - Tam Ky
Tto Thgta - Tam Ky
Tto Thgta - Tam Ky Tto Thgta - Tam Ky
Tto Thgta - Tam Ky
Tto Thata-TamKy
Tto Thgta - Tam Ky
Tto Thata - Tam Ky Tto Thata - Tam Ky
r-r-
Tl56^
1157
1159.
1160.
1161.
1162
1163.
1164.
1165.
1166. 1167.
1168.
1169.
1170.
1171.
1172.
1173. 1174.
1175.
1176.
1177.
1178.
1179.
1180.
II81.
1182.
1183.
1184.
1185.
1186.
1187.
1188.
1189.
1190.
1191.
1192J 1193]
Trto Thj Ngp
NgThi Kim Phyng Huyta Thj Kim
Bui Thj Le Huynh Thj Thi
Ng Thl Ngpc Thjnh
Li Thj L i t a
Bit Thl Thu Hanh
Hotog Thj Thiy
Ly Thj Giao Linh
Pham Thi Hdng
Quyta Thj Duyen Le Thi Oanh
Nguyin Chi
Nguyin Phi Quy
v e Thj Lan
Cao Thj H. Thanh
Hd Thj My Dung
Bui Thj Thiy Mai Thj Tam
Trita Thj Lvra
Mai Thj H. Hucmg
Hd Thi Thu Trang
Trto Thi My Lf
Trg T. Cam Hotog
Ha Thj Mudi
Nguyin Thj Phat
Nguyin Thj Yen
Ng. Thj Thata Son
Vo Thj Thuto
Thai Thj Thu
Phan Thoai Cic
Ng. Thj Nggc Lan
Lf Thj Hifn
Phan Thj Ty
v a Thj Quyt
Phfa Thj Mita Tim
Nguydn Thi Mai
46
38
Mai Thi Mita |
54
43
60
47
43
40
30
40
48
46
56
36
41
40
43
36
33
28
47
26
47
47
42
42
46
45
50
52
55
56
46
63
50
46
44
51
55
Budn bto
Budn bto
Budn bto
Ndng Budn bto
Budn bto
Budn bto
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Budn ban
Budn bdn
Budn bto
Budn bto
Nhto vidn VP
Nhto vien VP
Budn ban
Cdng tato
Budn bdn
Budn bdn
Budn bto
Nhan vien VP
Budn bto
Budn bto
Budn bto
Budn bto
Nhto vien VP
Budn bto
Nhto viin VP
Nhto viin VP
Nhto vidn VP
Budn bto
Budn bto
Budn bto
Budn bto
Nhto vidn VP
Nhto viin VP
Nhto vien VP
Cdng tato
Tto Thata - Tam Ky
Tan Thanh - Tam Ky
Tan Thata - Tam Ky
Tan Thata - Tam Ky
Tan Thata - Tam Ky
Tan Thata - Tam Ky
Tto Thata - Tam Ky
Tan Thata - Tam Ky
Tdn Thata - Tam Ky
Tdn Thanh - Tam Ky
Tto Thgta - Tam Ky
Tan Thata - Tam Ky
Tan Thgta - Tam Ky
An Xudn - Tam Ky
An Xuto - Tam Ky An Xudn - Tam Ky
An Xudn - Tam Ky
An Xuan - Tam Ky
An Xuto - Tam Ky
An Xuto - Tam Ky
An Xuto - Tam Ky
An Xuto - Tam Ky
An Xuto - Tam Ky
An Xuan - Tam Ky
An Xuto - Tam Ky
An Xuto - Tam Ky
An Xuto - Tam Ky
An Xuto - Tam Ky
An Xuto - Tam Ky
An Xuto - Tam Ky
An Xuto - Tam Ky
An Xuto - Tam Ky
An Xuto - Tam Ky
An Xuto - Tam Ky
An Xuto - Tam Ky
An Xuto - Tam Ky
An Xuto - Tam Ky An Xuto - Tam Ky
An Xuto - Tam Ky
Tigs'
1197
TT98"
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205 1206
1207
1208
1209.
1210.
1211.
1212. 1213.
1214.
1215.
1216.
1217.
1218.
1219.
1220.
1221.
1222.
1223.
1224.
1225.
1226.
1227.
1228.
1229.
1230.
1231.
1232.
Nguydn Thj Hutag
Ng. Thj My Nhto
Bii Thj Hing
Huyta Thj Thu Nguyin Thj Trang Huyta Thj Hda Binh
Huyta Son Tin
Nguyin Thj Kiim
Chau Thj Hdng
Vu Thj Kim Huong
Ng. Thj Thanh Nga
Le Thj Phucmg v e Thj Thanh
Duong Thj Ha
Trto Vu My Dung
Trto Thj Lf
Nguyin Thj Cic
Dita Thj Kim Huf
Phan Thj Tidu T i Nguyen Thj Huyen
Nguyen Thj Td Nhi
Duong T Bich Hidu
Hd Thj Thifn
Ng. Thi Lf Huyen
Nguyen Thj Dg Vy
Nguydn Thj Sen
Ng. Thj Thu Thao
Ng. Thj Thata Tam
Nguyin Vfa Hon
Nguyin Van Mai
Nguyin Thj Thdo
Mai Kim Phim
Phgm Thj Hda
Cao Thj Suong
Nguyin Thi Nga
Nguyin Thj Nhgn
Thai Thj Hotog Huy
L i Thj Kim Hdng
Li Thj Ngpc Giau
47
58
29
57
60
47
35
48
43
43
42
45
50
35
45
44
41
36
46
35
39
30
32
38
45
16
21
44
44
42
40
25
47
40
32
45
37
41
37
Budn bto
Budn bdn
Budn bto
Budn ban
Budn bdn
Cdng taan
Nhto vidn VP
Ndng
Budn bdn
Cdng tato
Ndng
Thdt nhifp
Thdt taiep
That nhifp
Budn bto
Nhto vidn VP
Nhto vien VP
Nhto vien VP
Nhto vien VP
Nhto vien VP
Nhto vien VP
Nhto vien VP
Nhto vien VP
Cdng tato
Thdt taifp
That taiep
Budn bto
Cdng tato
Nhto vidn VP
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ning
Ndng
Budn bto
Ndng
Budn bfa
Ndng
Budn bto
An Xudn - Tam Ky
An Xudn - Tam Ky
An Xuto - Tam Ky
An Xuan - Tam Ky
An Xudn - Tam Ky
An Xudn - Tam Ky Thi trin Nii Thtoh
Thj trin Nii Thdta
Thj trin Nii Thdnh
Thj trto Nil Thdnh
Thj trdn Nii Thita
Thj trto Nii Thita
Thj trin Nii Thita
Thj tran Nii Thita
Thi trin Nii Thita
Thj trin Nii Thdta
Thj trto Nii Thata
Thj ttln Nii Thdta
Thj ttin Nii Thita
Thj ttln Nii Thita
Thj ttto Nii Thita Thj trin Nii Thita
Thj tran Nii Thita
Thj trto Nii Thita
Thj trto Nii Thdta
Thj ttto Nii Thita
Thj ttto Nii Thita
Thj trto Nii Thdta
Tam Xuto 1, Nii Thtoh
Tam Xuto 1, Nii Thtoh
Tam Xuto 1, Nii Thdta
Tam Xuto 1, Nii Thtoh
Tam Xuto 1, Nii Thinh
Tam Xuto 1, Nii Thita
Tam Xuto 1, Nii Thita
Tam Xuto 1, Nii Thata
Tam Xuto 1, Nii Thtoh Tam Xuto 1, Nii Thata
Tam Xuto I, Nii Thdta
T233^
T234;
I235?
1236?
1237.
1238.
1239.
1240.
I24I.
1242.
1243.
1244.
1245. 1246.
1247. 1248.
1249.
1250.
I25I.
1252.
1253.
1254.
1255.
1256.
1257.
1258.
1259.
1260.
1261.
1262.
1263.
1264.
1265.
1266.
1267.
1268.
1269.
1270.
1271.
Nguyin Thj Lan
Nguyin Thj Huong Nguyen Thj Le Trinh
Bii Thj Tiin Trdn Thj Tien Linh
Doto T Thanh Trang
Nguyin Thj My Le
Trto Thi Phupng
Vo Thj Thata
Nguyen Thj My Bien
Le Thj Tuyit
Nguyin Thj Hgt
Phgm Thj Hutag Nguyin Vfa Toto
Huyta Thj Dilm Nguyen Thj Binh
Nguyen Thj Mita
Dd Thj Hien
Bii Thj Ban
Le Thj Ba
Nguyen Thj Thata
Doto Thi Vto
Trto T. Mita Duyen
LeThiLe
Truong Thj Phupng
Nguydn Thj Lai
Dd Thj Tmh
Bui Thj Nhutag
Phfa Thj Gidi
L i Thi Bich Hdng
Trin Thj Xuto
L i Thj Hgta Nguyen Tto Thuto
Ngd Httu Nga
Huyta Thata Dung
Nguydn Die Tri
Nguydn Nguyen Vu
v e Phung
Doto Thuydn
44
46
49
52
42
47
44
40
31
31 33
40 37
30
41
41
54
40
33
44
41
44
44
31
47
47
40
38
37
25
49
30
38
67
45
60
55
57
48
Cdng tato
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Nhto vien VP
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Budn bin
Budn ban
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Budn bto
Budn bto
Budn bto
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Budn bfa
Tam Xuan 1, Nii Thdnh
Tam Xudn 1, Nii Thinh
Tam Xuan 1, Nii Thinh
Tam Xuan 1, Nii Thinh
Tam Xuto 1, Nii Thanh
Tam Xudn 1, Nii Thdnh
Tam Xuan 1, Nii Thdnh
Tam Xuan 1, Nii Thdnh
Tam Xuan 1, Nii Thdnh
Tam Xudn 1, Nii Thdnh
Tam Xudn 2, Nii Thdnh
Tam Xuan 2, Nii Thtoh
Tam Xudn 2, Nii Thanh
Tam Xudn 2, Nii Thdnh
Tam Xudn 2, Nii Thtoh
Tam Xudn 2, Nii Thdta
Tam Xudn 2, Nii Thdnh
Tam Xudn 2, Nii Thdta
Tam Xudn 2, Nii Thdnh
Tam Xuto 2, Nii Thdnh
Tam Xuto 2, Nii Thtoh
Tam Xuto 2, Nii Thtoh
Tam Xuin 2, Nii Thtoh
Tam Xuto 2, Nui Thita
Tam Xuto 2, Nii Thita
Tam Xuto 2, Nii Thita
Tam Xuto 2, Nii Thita
Tam Xuto 2, Nii Thtoh Tam Xuto 2, Nii Thita
Tam Xuto 2, Nii Thita
Tam Xuto 2, Nii Thtoh
Tam Xuan 2, Nil Thtoh
Tam Hifp, Nii Thita Tam Hifp, Nil Thita
Tam Hifp, Nil Thita
Tam Hifp, Nii Thita
Tam Hifp, Nii Thita
Tam Hifp, Nii Thita
Tam Hifp, Nii Thata
1 2 7 1 1273.
1275?
1276.
1277.
1278.
1279.
1280. 1281.
1282.
1283.
1284.
1285. 1286.
1287.
1288.
1289.
1290.
1291.
1292.
1293.
1294.
1295.
1296.
1297.
1298.
1299.
1300.
1301.
1302.
1303.
1304.
1305.
1306.
1307.
1308.
1309. 1310.
Duong Qude Hing
v e Thj Nang
Hd Thj Kiing
traong Thata Thiy Trto Thj Thu Dung
Trin Thj Huong
Phgm Thj Lan
Trto T. Thiy Duong
Huyta Thj The Huyta Thj Cu
Dio Thj Lien
Huyta Thj Cia
Nguyin Thj Tratag
Ng. Thl Hdng Vin Hd Thj Kiiu
v e Thj Ning
Nguydn Hdng Phong
Phan Mita Hucmg
Trto Ngpc Hai
Nguyin Thj Tra
Bui Thi Chung
Le Thj Minh Gidi
Huyta Thj Phupng
Huyta Thj Den
Bii Thj Van
Trin Thj Nghe
Nguyin Thj Hgnh
Thai Thj Hai Yen
Nguyen Lieu
Nguyin Thj Huang
Trin Thj Tam
Dd Thj Hoa
Lf Thj Nga
Nguyin Thj Tieu
Nguyen Thj Ntt
Bui Thj Ky
Doto Thi Cie
Nguyen Thi Hoa Trto Huu Phudc
53
47
60
29
56
40
43
46 44
30
58
44
32
40
46
60
52
49
51
54
47
54
29
45
41
49
44
41
39
43
43
60
65
40
41
65
80
49
51
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng Budn ban
Budn ban
Cdng tadn
Cdng nhan
Cdng tadn
Ndng
Ndng
Budn bdn
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Budn bdn
Cdng tadn
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Cdng tato
Ndng
Cdng tato
Cdng tato
Buin bto
Ndng
Cdng tato
Cdng tato
Ndng
Budn bto
Budn bto
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Tam Hiep, Nii Thdta
Tam Hifp, Nii Thinh
Tam Hidp, Nii Thinh Tam Hidp, Nui Thanh
Tam Hiep, Nii Thanh
Tam Hifp, Nii Thita
Tam Hiep, Nii Thinh
Tam Hifp, Nii Thdnh
Tam Hiep, Nii Thdta
Tam Hiep, Nii Thanh
Tam Hifp, Nii Thdnh
Tam Hifp, Nii Thdnh
Tam Hiep, Nui Thdta
Tam Hiep, Nui Thata
Tam Hifp, Nii Thita
Tam Hifp, Nii Thita
Tam Hifp, Nii Thdta
Tam Hifp, Nii Thita
Tam Hifp, Nii Thdta
Tam Hiep, Nii Thdta
Tam Hifp, Nii Thdta
Tam Hiep, Nui Thdta
Tam Hifp, Nii Thdta
Tam Hiep, Nii Thita
Tam Hiep, Nii Thita
Tam Hiep, Nii Thita
Tam Hifp, Nii Thita
Tam Hiep, Nii Thdta
Tam Hifp, Nii Thdta
Tam Hiep, Nii Thdta
Tam Hifp, Nii Thita
Tam Hifp, Nii Thdta
Tam Hifp, Nii Thdta
Tam Hiep, Nui Thita
Tam Hiep, Nii Thata
Tam Hifp, Nii Thita
Tam Hifp, Nii Thita
Tam Hifp, Nii Thita
Xa Que Thp, Hifp Die
l3lT 1314
1317 1318
1319 1320
1321 1322
1323
1324
1325.
1326.
1327.
1328. 1329. 1330.
1331.
1332.
1333.
1334.
1335.
1336.
1337.
1338.
1339.
1340.
1341.
1342.
1343.
1344.
1345.
1346.
1347.
1348.
1349.
Pham Tiin
Duong Quic Cutag
Nguyen Vin Minh
Nguyin Thj Ba
Huyta Thj Tam
Le Thj Vto
Huynh Thj Hda Nguydn Thj Xuan
Dtog Thj Tita Duong Thl Phuang
Ttog Thj Hue Hd Thi Nguyft
Dtog Thj Kim Loan
Phan Thj Cam
Nguyin Thj Xy
Dtog Thj Kim Lf
Trto T. Ngpe Thuto
Trto Thj Cam Trfa Thj Suong Nguyin Thj Kiiu
Phan Thj Hien
Trto Dmh BChdi
Ld Nggc Quyt
Dd Hdng Lto Duong Hoto An
Tran Thj Hgta
Le Thj Sa
Ng. Thi Thata Thiy
Trto Thi Phugng
Bii Thj Thata
Trin Thi Lin
Truong Thj Hoa
Trin Thj Biy
Trin Thj Thata Hda
Ld Thi Nga
Phgm Thj Hifp
Nguyin Thj Tiin
Mai Thj Nam
Hd Thj Thu
31
31
42
45
37
32
53
24
42
43
38
47
30
57
42
48
49
48
34
42
32
34
45
31
36
36
47
25
29
46
77
43
38
26
40
43
41
42
47
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Cdng taan
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Budn bto
Budn ban
Cdng taan
Budn bto
Nhdn viin VP
Budn bfa
Budn bfa
Nhto vien VP
Budn bto
Budn bto
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Budn bto
Budn bto
Budn bto
Budn bto
Ndng
Budn bto
x a Qui Tho, Hiep Die
Xa Qui Tho, Hiep Die
xa Que Tho, Hiep Die
Xa Que Tho, Hiep Die
Xa Qui Tho, Hiep Die
Xa Qui Tho, Hiep Due
xa Qui Thp, Hiep Die Xa Qui Thp, Hiep Die
Xa Que Tho, Hiep Die
xa Qui Thp, Hifp Die
xa Qui Tho, Hiep Due
Xa Qui Tho, Hiep Die
xa Qui Thp, Hiep Die
Xa Que Thp, Hiep Die
Xa Qui Thp, Hifp Die xa Que Thp, Hifp Die
xa Qui Thp, Hifp Die
xa Que Thp, Hiep Die
xa Qui Thp, Hifp Die
Xa Que Thp, Hifp Die
xa Qui Thp, Hiep Die
TT Tto An, Hifp Die
TT Tto An, Hifp Die
TT Tto An, Hiep Die
TT Tan An, Hiep Die
TT Tan An, Hifp Due
TT Tto An, Hifp Die
TT Tto An, Hifp Die
TT Tto An, Hifp Due
TT Tto An, Hifp Die
TT Tto An, Hiep Due
TT Tto An, Hifp Die
TT Tto An, Hifp Die
TT Tto An, Hifp Die
TT Tto An, Hifp Die TT Tto An, Hiep Due
TT Tto An, Hifp Die
TT Tto An, Hifp Die TT Tto An, Hifp Die
lur U 5 2 :
1353.
1354 J
1355. 1356.
1357. 1358.
1359. 1360.
1361.
1362.
1363. 1364.
1365.
1366.
1367.
1368.
1369.
1370.
1371.
1372.
1373.
1374.
1375.
1376.
1377.
1378.
1379.
1380.
1381.
1382.
1383.
1384.
1385.
1386.
1387. 1388.
VaThjNhftHd
Nguyin Thj Anh
Nguyin Thj Ai
Hotog Thj Nhu Nguyen The Ky
Trto Van Anh Trjta Ky Die
Dtog Kim Cdm Trto Xuto Huy
Dd Thj Hong
Phan Thj Mdn
Dd Thj Tratag Lilu
Dtog Thj Tim
Nguydn Thj Cam Le Thj Thiy
Ngo Thj Chi
Vo Thj Lieu
Dfag Thj Lieu
Nguyen Thj Loan
Truong Thj Vin
Phan Thj Tam
Dd Thj Hucmg Ly
Ng. T. cam Thuong
Nguyin Thj Phuae
Ducmg Thj Vift
Trin Thj Phyng
Ducmg Tto Bdn
Trjta Mdt
Dii Vfa Tam
Luu Due Hanh
Nguyin Hata
Ly Thata Luang
Pham Vto Mata
Nguyin Tto Lgi
Dang Kim Cam
Huyta Mita Nudi
Nguyin Thj Phupng
Nguyin Thj Phong
Traong Thj Huong
34
49 45
26
48
43
52
42
37
40
38
40
46
26
44
31
40
32
39
46
45
26
49
46
40
35
28
41
35
35
38
48
55
45
52
32
40
46
55
Nhdn vien VP
Ndng
Budn bto
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng Ndng
Nong
Ndng
Nhdn vien VP
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Nhdn viin VP
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Cdng tato
Ndng
Budn bfa
Budn bto
Budn bfa
Budn bfa
TT Tan An, Hifp Die
TT Tdn An, Hifp Due
TT Tdn An, Hiep Die
TT Tdn An, Hiep Die
Que Binh, Hiep Die
Que Binh, Hiep Die Que Blnh, Hiep Die
Que Binh, Hiep Die
Que Bita, Hifp Die
Que Binh, Hiep Die
Que Bita, Hiep Die
Que Binh, Hifp Die
Que Binh, Hifp Die
Qui Binh, Hifp Die
Que Binh, Hifp Die
Que Bita, Hifp Die
Que Bita, Hifp Die
Que Bita, Hiep Due
Que Bita, Hiep Die
Qui Binh, Hiep Die
Que Bita, Hifp Die
Que Bita, Hifp Die
Que Bita, Hifp Die
Qui Bita, Hifp Die
Qui Bita, Hifp Die
Que Bita, Hifp Die
Bita Ldm, Hifp Die
Bita Ldm, Hifp Die Bita Ldm, Hiep Die
Bita Lim, Hifp Die
Bita Lim, Hifp Die
Binh Lam, Hiep Die
Bita Ldm, Hifp Die
Bita Lim, Hifp Die
Bita Lim, Hifp Due
Bmh Lam, Hifp Die
Bita Lam, Hifp Die
Bita Lam, Hifp Die
Bita Lam, Hiep Die
1389.
UgT 1392.
1393.
1394.
1395.
1396.
1397.
1398.
1399.
1400.
1401.
1402.
1403.
1404.
1405.
1406.
1407.
1408.
1409.
1410.
I41I.
I4I2.
1413.
1414.
1415.
1416.
I4I7.
1418.
1419.
1420.
1421.
1422.
1423.
Nguyen Thj Tien
Duong Thj cam
Phgm Thj Phi
Trjnh Thj Lan
Ng. Thi Phudc Ngpc
Trto Thj Minh Hdng
Phan Thj Mai
v a Thj Sau
Ng. Thj Nggc Tam
Hd Vto Lyc
Hd Vfa Bien
H o V t o N i c
Hd Thj Nhu Hit
Hd Thj Rfag
Hd Thj Bac
Nguydn Thj Lan
Hd Thj Ata
Nguyin Thi Nd
Hd Thi Thata
Ho Thj Hgta
Nguyin Xufa Ring
Hd Vfa Lpi
YBdy
Nguyen Vdn Quang
Mai Thi Ata Tuydt
Dmh Thj Hifp
Nguyin Thj Hdng
H i Thj Giap
Hd Thi Bita
Nguyin Thj Hai
Nguyin Thi Chita
H i Vfa Lai
H i Thj Hing
Hd Thj Giang
Hd Thi Thoa
20
25
30
39
26
32
45
30
38
49
50
40
41
31
43
50
38
35
59
69
20
17
42
39
19
26
27
25
49
20
42
24
24
27
25
That nhifp
Ndng
Ndng
Budn ban
Nhan vien VP
Budn ban
Budn bto
Budn ban
Nhan vidn VP
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ning
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Binh Lam, Hifp Die
Binh Lam, Hiep Die
Binh Lim, Hiep Die
Binh Lim, Hifp Die
Binh Lam, Hifp Die
Binh Lam, Hifp Die
Binh Lam, Hifp Due
Binh Ldm, Hifp Die
Binh Lim, Hiep Die
Thdn 2, Tri Nam, NTM
Thdn 1, Trd Nam, NTM
Thdn I, Tra Nam, NTM
Thdn 4, Trd Nam, NTM
Thdn 3, Trd Nam, NTM
Thdn 3, Trd Nam, NTM
Thdn 2, Trd Nam, NTM
Thdn 2, Trd Nam, NTM
Thin I, Trd Nam, NTM
Thdn 1, Trd Nam, NTM
Thdn 2, Trd Nam, NTM
Thdn 1, Trd Don, NTM
Thdn 6, Trd Don, NTM
Thdn 1 - Tra Don, NTM
Thdn 1-Tra Don, NTM
Thdn 6-TraDon,NTM
Thdn 6 - Tra Don, NTM
Thdn 1 - Tra Don, NTM
Thdn 1 - Tra Don, NTM
Thdn 1 - Tra Don, NTM
Thdn I-TrdDan,NTM
Thdn 1 - Trd Don, NTM
Thdn3-TrdTap,NTM
Thdn 1-Trd Tap, NTM
Thdn I-TrdTap,NTM
Thdn 4-Tra Tap, NTM
1424.
1425.
1426.
1427.
1428.
1429.
1430.
Nguydn Thi Hoa
Hd Thi Thdng
Hd Thj Lien
Nguyen Thj Minh
Hd Thj Sdm
Hd Thj Son
Hd Thj set
34
23
36
30
41
30
24
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Ndng
Thin 4 - Tra Tap, NTM
Thdn 2 -Tra Tap, NTM
Thdn 2 -Trd Tap, NTM
Thdn 2 -Tra Tap, NTM
Thdn 2-Tra Tap, NTM
Thdn 2 -Tra Tap, NTM
Thdn 2 -Tra Tap, NTM
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
I. TIENG VIET
1. Nguyen Thanh Binh, Nguyin Vdn Ctoh (2005), "Dtoh gid tinh hinh ngd ddc thuc phdm tinh Bita Thudn 2000-2004". Hpi nghj Khpa hpc VSATTP lln thi 3, Nxb Y hpc. Hi Npi, tt 437-442.
2. Ban chi dao lidn ngtoh vi vf sita an loan thye phim qude gia (2008), "Bao eao hpi nghj toto qude lln flii II vi cdng tic bao dam vf sinh an toto thye phim". Ha Ndi, thtog 4/2008, 157-161.
3. Bp Y te (2000), Chiin lupc hanh ddng Qude gia dita dutag 2001-2010, Ha Ndi, tt 2-5.
4. Bd Y t i - Cyc QLCLVSATTP (2002), An toan fliuc phim sic khde ddi sing vi kita t i xa hpi, Nxb Y hpc. Ha Ndi, tt 16-112.
5. Bp Y t i (2005), Ve sinh an toto thye phdm, Nxb Y hpc. Ha Ndi, tt 12-173.
6. Bd Y t i - Cyc QLCLVSATTP (2002). Bdo edo kit qud edng tac quan ly chit lupng vf smh an toto thye phim nam 1999.
7. Bd Y t i (2005), "Qui dita vd ede dieu kien ve sita chung dii vdi co sd sdn xuat
fliuc phim", Quyit djta sd 39/2005/QD - BYT ngay 28/11/2005.
8. Bp Y t i (2005), "Qui djta vi cdc diiu kifn vf sita an todn thye phim ddi vdi co sd
kmh doanh, dich vy, phyc vy an uing", Quyit djnh sd 41/2005/QD-BYT ngay
8/12/2005.
9. Bd Y t i (2005), "Qui chi vi cing bd tidu chuin sto phim thye phim", Quyit djnh
sd 42/2005/QD-BYT ngay 8/12/2005.
10. Bd Y t i (2005), "Qui djta ydu ciu kiin fliic vi vf sita an toto thye pham ddi vdi
ngudi tivc tiip sin xuit, kita doata thye phim", Quyit djnh si 43/2005/QD-BYT
ngay 20/12/2005.
II.Bf Y t i (2006), "Qui ehi eip gily chtag tagn du diiu kifn vf sita an toto fliyc
phim dii vdi co sd sto xuit, kita doata tiiuc phim cd nguy ca cao".
12. Bf Y t i (2007), "Quyit djnh s i 21/2007/QD-BYT ngay 12/3/2007 ban hanh "Qui djta vd diiu kifn s ic khod dii vdi nhttng ngudi tiip xic true tiip trong qua trita ehe bien thye phim bao gdi sin va kinh doanh thye phim an ngay"
13.Bd Y t i (2006), "Qui dinh phan cap nhifm vy quan ly va tham gia quan ly nha nude vi vf sinh an todn thye phim trong ngdnh y ti", Quyit djnh si 12/2005/QD-BYT ngay 9/3/2006.
I4.Bp Y t i (2001), "Qui djnh vi diiu kifn bao dam an todn thuc phim tai cdc nha dn,
bip to tap thi va ca sd kinh doanh chi biin suit an sin ', Quyit djnh si
4428/2001/QD-BYT ngay 3/10/2001.
15. Bp Y t i - Cyc ATVSTP (2001), Tai lifu tgp huln giam sat ngd ddc thye phim, tt 1-26.
16. Bp Y te (2008) - Tai lifu Hpi nghj ting kit chuang trinh muc tieu quic gia nam
2007 va ttiin khai ke hogeh chuong ttinh muc tieu qude gia nam 2008.
17. Chita phi (1999), "Chi thj cia Thi tutag Chinh phi vi vifc tang cutag edng tae
dam bao VSATTP"
18. Hotog Tiin Cutag (2003), " Mil sd tato xet ve tita hita ngd doc thuc phim
ttdn dja bto tita Nam Djta t i nim 2000-2004". Hdi nghj Khoa hpc VSATTP lln
tiiu 2, Nxb Y hpc. Ha Ndi, tt 379-384.
19. Cue An toto vf sita thuc phim (2005). Ky yiu Hdi nghj khoa hpc ve sinh an
toto thuc phim lln thi 3 - NXB Y hpc.
20. Cyc An toto vf sita an toin thye phim (2005). Cae vto ban quy phgm phap lugt
v i smh an toto fliye phim tap 1 va 2 - NXB Y hpc.
21. Cyc An toto vf sita an toto fliye phim (2009). "Tai lieu hdi nghj tdng kit
chuang tiita mye tidu qude gia ve sita an toto thye phim nam 2008 va trien khai
k i hoach 209", Ha Npi, tt 47-49
22 Cue An todn ve sita an todn thye phim (2010). "TM lieu hdi nghj tdng kit
chuang trinh mye tieu quie gia vf sita an toan thye phim nam 2009 va ttiin khai
k i hogch 2010", Ha Nf i, tt 64-65
23 L i Dofa Didn, Phan Qude Kita va cdng su (2002). Cac ehlt bd sung dinh dutag
. Ngata khoa hpc cdng nghe mdi eia till ky 21. Nhi xudt bfa cong nghiep.
24. Trin Dtog (2006). Vf sita an toto fliue phim. Nha xuit bto Y hpc.
25. Trin Dtog (2005). Kiim sodt vf sita an todn thue phdm thic an dutag phi -
NXB Thanh nien.
26. Trdn Ddng (2002).Cdng tdc truyin thdng va chi dao tuyen hoat dong bao dam chit lugng vf sinh an todn thye phdm - NXB - Thanh nien.
27. Tran Dtog (2005). Ca ndc vd di phdng ngp dde ca ndc - NXB Y hpc.
28. Tran Dtog (2004). Mdi nguy vf sinh an loan thye phim, chuang trinh kiim soat
GMP, GHP va hf thdng quto ly chit lupng vi sita an loan thye phim HACCP -
NXB Y hpc.
29. Trto Dtog, (2003), Tinh tat yeu cia an toin thye pham, vai trd cia nd trong ddi
sdng xa hpi. Ha Npi, tr 1-7, 13-14, 17-24.
30. Trin Dfag (2003), Tinh hinh quto ly vf sinh an toan thye pham d Viet Nam, Ha
Npi, tti, 9-16.
31. Trin Dtog, (2003), Bao cdo chuydn di thye trang cdng tdc chi dao dieu hdnh vi phdi hpp ttong quto ly taa nude vi ve sinh an toan thye phim d nude ta trong tattng nim qua (tu 1999 din nay). Kiin nghj cac giai phap. Ha Npi, tt 7-8, 16.
32. Trin Dtog va Cs (2005), "Nghien eiu eo sd khoa hpc di di xuit qui hoach phit
triin mgng ludi quto ly vf smh an loan thye phim ttong ngata y te", De tdi
nghien eihi khoa hpc d p Bd y ti, http/wwwcimsi.org.vn
33. Hd Ata Ddo, Nguyin Thj Ldm (2000), "Tinh cip bach cia cing tie vf sinh an
toan fliye phim", Mdt s i edng ttita nghien cuu Vifn Dinh Duong, Nxb Y hpc,
HaNpi,tt 51-56
34. Tu Gily (1996), Phong each to Vift Nam, Nxb Y hpc. Ha Ndi, tt 70-80
35. TO Gily (2000), "BOa an thi ky 21", Mpt sd cdng trita nghidn ciu vi dinh
duong vi vf sita an toan thye phim, Hd Npi, tt 26-27
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S6 Y TE QUANG NAM
TRUNG TAM TRUYEN THONG GIAO DUC SlTC KHOE
DETAI
KHAO SAT THAI DO, KIEN THlTC, HANH VI
VE VE SINH AN TOAN THlTC P H A M
CUA NGlTdl DAN TAI TINH QUANG NAM MA SO KX.0309
CHU NHIEM DE TAI
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NAM 2010
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