Conference in Mexico Hails Cuban ExampleB y Joseph Hansen

M E X IC O C IT Y , M arch 9 — The L a tin -A m e r ic a n Conference fo r N a tio n a l S overe ignty, Econom ic E m anc ipa tion and Peace, w h ic h ended yesterday, re fle c te d in the m ost v iv id w a y the dep th and in ­te n s ity o f desire am ong the 200, 000, 000 people be low the R io G rande to b re ak ou t o f p o v e rty and stagnation and w in th e ir r ig h t fu l p lace in the m odern w o r ld o f techno log ica l and c u ltu ra l p ro g ­ress.

T he delegates w ere unan im ous in th e ir op in ion th a t U . S. im p e r ia l­

ism is the m a in obstacle to the s w ift and rounded deve lopm ent o f L a t in A m erica w h ic h cou ld b r in g p ro sp e rity to the masses. T hey w ere like w ise unan im ous on the need to defend the Cuban R evo lu - tio n against cou n te rre vo lu tio n a ry a ttack and A m erican aggression. The re v o lu tio n a ry cburse o f the Cuban people whs he ld to p o in t the road to v ic to ry fo r eve ry L a tin -A m e r ic a n co u n try in seeking p o lit ic a l independence and eco­nom ic freedom .

A m ost s ig n ifica n t developm ent — so fa r as the p a tte rn o f “ peace”

conferences is concerned — was the general rea liza tion , repea ted ly vo iced b y the delegates in th e ir de libe ra tions, th a t the w a y to a w o r ld o f e n du ring peace lies th rou gh re v o lu tio n a ry s trugg le against im p e r ia lis t reaction and its n a tive a llies and agents.

T h is l in k in g o f the concepts o f peace and re v o lu tio n l i l te d the conference ou t o f the re a lm o f pious decla ra tions abou t th e need to end w a r. T rue , some o f the delegates p ro u d ly d isp layed b u lk y pe tition s con ta in ing thousands o f “ peace” signatures w h ic h th e y had

collected, b u t th is d id no t become th e business o f the conference.

Instead, the delegates p re ­occupied themselves w ith the m a in economic and p o lit ic a l p roblem s o f L a t in A m erica . T hey re la ted the so lu tions to the s trugg le be­tw een U . S. im p e ria lis m and the Cuban R evo lu tion . T he them e o f peace thus took on re v o lu tio n a ry content. In L a t in A m erica , i t is c lea r fro m th is conference, the opposition to a w a r o f nuc lear des truc tion is m o v ing to w a rd the channels o f p o lit ic a l and social revo lu tion .

A l l the L a tin -A m e ric a n coun­tr ie s w ere represented. M exico , ®f course, had the la rgest delega­tio n — some 2, 000 — b u t th e re w ere im press ive de legations fro m countries l ik e A rg e n tin a and C h ile w here lo ng tr ip s had to be m ade at considerab le expense.

(T h e c o u n te rre vo lu tio n a ry press c la im s th a t the conference cost $400, 000, o f w h ic h h a lf was ia id o u t b y the “ Cuban Embassy” and h a lf b y the “ S ov ie t Embassy. ” T he t ru th is th a t each de legation cov ­ered its ow n expenses. The M e x i-

( Continued on Page 3)

THEMILITANTPublished in the Interests of the Working People

Vol. 25 - No. 13 New Y ork, M arch 27, 1961 Price lOc

Rights Fight M ounts Throughout South

“ D on ’t B u y fo r Easter” cam ­pa igns d irected against J im C row business establishm ents, coupled w ith s it- in s and s tand-ins fro m S outh C a ro lina to Texas, b ro u g h t the S outhern r ig h ts f ig h t to a new p itch la s t week. The m il ita n t dem onstra tions spread despite rac is t v io lence and wholesale a r ­rests.

In d o w n to w n L o u is v ille , K y ., 177 Negroes w ere arrested as the y re -

Union Leader Urges Fair Play for Cuba

S A N F R A N C IS C O — Despite la s t-m in u te cance lla tion b y a m u n ic ip a lly -o p e ra te d au d ito rium , m ore tha n 700 people attended a F a ir P la y fo r Cuba ra l ly M arch 11. T hey heard Longshorem en’s u n io n pres iden t H a r ry B ridges and R obert F. W illia m s , m il i ta n t S ou thern N egro leader. P a u l A . B aran, S tan fo rd economics p ro fes­sor, presided. The ra l ly w o u ld have been even la rg e r b u t m any people cou ld no t be in fo rm e d o f the ne w m eeting place.

National TourThe m ee ting w o un d up the B ay

A rea p o rtio n o f a n a tion a l speak­in g to u r b y W illia m s fo r the F a ir P la y fo r Cuba Com m ittee. In B e rke le y and San Jose he ad­dressed U n iv e rs ity o f C a lifo rn ia , San F rancisco State College and San Jose State College students and a N egro chu rch audience;

T he con trac t fo r Nourse A u d i­to r iu m , operated b y th e San F ra n ­cisco B oa rd o f E ducation , was cancelled a fte r eve ry insurance com pany in the area re fused to se ll the com m ittee the l ia b i l i t y in ­surance re q u ire d fo r m eetings at the h a ll.

W illia m s to ld the ra l ly th a t in Cuba, “ I saw an in te g ra te d a rm y o f an in te g ra te d n a tio n ta k in g ove r the segregated p ro p e rty o f th e J im -C ro w Texaco o il com ­pany. A m erican rep o rte rs asked m e i f I d id n ’t fee l an g ry th a t the Cubans w e re ta k in g ove r A m e r i­can p ro p e rty . I answered, ‘W h a t p rope rty? I have no p ro p e rty here . ’ I cou ldn ’t fe e l too m uch sym pa thy fo r th is com pany th a t exported J im C ro w to Cuba. ”

H a rry B ridges declared th a t as a u n io n is t he fe lt i t “ in m y ow n in te re s t and in the in te res t o f the A m e ric a n people” to de fend Cuba against the a ttack on its sov­e re ig n ty .

Kennedy Hurts Jobless By Opposing Cut in Hours

newed s ta n d -in dem onstra tions against segregated ea ting places and theaters.

A Chattanooga Negro Episcopal p ries t was slugged b y a w h ite hood lum as he m arched w ith h ig h school students dem anding an end to J im C row at a lo ca l theater. The a ttack on the m in is te r came a fte r fo u r successive days o f w h ite a ttacks on the students. The dem ­onstra tors had to defend the m ­selves against kn ives, f ly in g rocks and garbage cans.

In Rock H i l l , S. C., scene o f the s tudent ja i l - in m ovem ent, W ill ia m Massey, w ho spent 30 days on the cha in gang, was arrested again on a d im e-s to re p ic k e t line . The day be fore he was knocked u n ­conscious w hen a gang o f w h ites a ttacked the p icke ts w h ile cops looked the o ther w ay.

In L yn chb u rg , Va., the em p loy­m ent co lo r ba r was cracked w hen Legge tt’s depa rtm en t store h ire d tw o Negro sales c le rks, the f ir s t such in a w h ite -o pe ra te d store in the c ity . Seven o th e r dow n to w n stores agreed to fo llo w s u it to a ve rt a p lanned Easter season boy­cott.

A n d in M a ry la n d , G len Echo Am usem ent P a rk decided to open its gates to Negroes. Scores o f N egro and w h ite dem onstra tors w ere arrested the re la s t fa ll. P ic k ­et lines w ere extended th rou gh ou t the area and w on in te g ra tio n o f res tau ran ts and lu nch counters in Bethesda and R ockv ille .

T O M K E R R Y , labor editor of the M ilitan t, who began a national speaking tour in the M idw est last week on the subject, Jobs for A ll: A Program for Am erican Labor. Reaching Los Angeles around A p ril 1, he w il l be speaking at m ajor centers along the West Coast until the middle of the month.

B y T o m K e rryS horten ing the w o rk w eek w i th ­

ou t c u tt in g w e e k ly pay is an in ­d ispensable p a rt o f an y serious p ro g ra m to f ig h t unem p loym ent and the pe rn ic ious effects o f au to­m ation .

So P res ident K en ne dy dea lt the unem ployed a heavy b lo w a t his M a rch 15 press conference w hen he th re w the w e ig h t o f h is ad­m in is tra t io n against a sho rte r w o rk week. B y the same act he pleased and aided the b ig business­m en and bankers, fo r w hom a sho rte r week w o u ld m ean lo w e r p ro fits .

In defense o f h is pos ition “ new fro n tie rs m a n ” K en ne dy argued th a t the 40 -hour w eek is “ t ra d i­t io n a l in th is c o u n try . ” T h is is a sign o f e ith e r ignorance o r deceit.

The Real TraditionW e haven’t a lw ays had a 40-

ho u r week. The previous “ t ra d i­t io n ” was 50 hours, 60, 70. Hours w ere low ered, and new tra d itio n s w ere created, because th e w o rke rs and th e ir un ions fo u g h t b it te r b a t­tles to cu t the w o rk week. A n d in- each b a ttle th e y had to contend w ith the s tub bo rn resistance o f businessmen and p o litic ia n s w h o w anted to s tic k to the old, lo n g e r- w eek “ tra d itio n s , ” ju s t as the

Divide-and-Rule Plotted for Congo

H a v in g m urde red P rem ie r Pa­tr ic e Lu m um b a because he stood fo r a u n ite d and independent Congo, the im p e r ia lis t pow ers are now using th e ir Congolese stooges to t r y to carve up the co u n try in to a so-ca lled con fede ra tion o f so- ca lled sovereign states w h ic h w o u ld be helpless spheres o f eco­nom ic e x p lo ita tio n and p o lit ic a l m a n ip u la tio n b y fo re ig n corpora ­tions and banks.

D iv id e -a n d -ru le has a lw ays been a fa v o rite im p e r ia lis t m ethod of c o n tro llin g colonies and sucking them d ry o f th e ir w e a lth and re ­sources. A n d im p e ria lis ts seldom la ck fo r tra ito rs and accomplices am ong the people they e xp lo it.

A select c rew o f these — in ­c lu d in g M oise Tshom be o f K a ta n ­ga, puppe t o f the B e lg ian im ­pe ria lis ts , and Joseph K asavubu o f L e o p o ld v ille , fa v o rite q u is lin g o f the U . S. and B r it is h im p e ria lis ts got together th is m on th outside o f the cou n try , a t T anana rive in the M alagasy R epub lic , and said the y w e re d isso lv ing the Congo R epub­lic and rep lac ing i t b y a loose fed e ra tio n o f ten or m ore states. Each these states, they said, w o u ld be autonom ous, except th a t they w o u ld co llabora te in fo re ig n a f­fa irs un de r K asavubu, w ho has U N recogn ition .

W hether Tshombe, K asavubu and th e ir m asters w i l l get aw ay

w ith th is scheme is s t i l l uncerta in . T hey (and U N rep resen ta tive R a jeshw ar D a ya l) in v ite d and pressured A n to in e G izenga, L u ­m um ba ’s depu ty p rem ie r, w ho heads th e governm ent a t S tan ley­v il le , b u t he refused to a ttend th e ir conference. A fte rw a rd s , G i­zenga re jec ted th e ir p a r tit io n p lans and dem anded a m eeting o f the le ga lly -e lec ted Congolese p a r­lia m e n t in a n e u tra l cou n try .

W h ile the im p e ria lis ts w ho dom inate the U N gave a go-ahead s igna l fo r the T anana rive con­ference, th e y have been cautious up to no w about p u b lic ly endors­in g its decisions. T hey fe a r th a t the p la n m ay boom erang to the b e n e fit o f the G izenga forces, w ho a lrea dy co n tro l 30 p e r cent o f the Congo and m ay ga in added sup­p o r t as the o n ly advocates o f a cen tra lized Congo governm ent.

I f i t seems unw ise to proceed q u ic k ly w ith the con federa tion move, the im p e ria lis ts w i l l p ro b ­a b ly t r y to c a rry o u t the U N ’s Feb. 21 reso lu tion — to use force to estab lish the k in d o f reg im e and the k in d o f “ la w and o rd e r” th a t are m ost fa vo ra b le fo r co lon­ia l exp lo ita tio n . The Congo events have opened m an y eyes to the tru e na tu re o f th e U N , b u t m ore is ye t to come. No course is too fo i j l fo r those whose hands are sta ined w ith the blood o f L u ­m um ba.

H e n ry F o rd I Is and John F . K en-1 nedys do today.

The re a l t ra d it io n in th is coun­t r y is fo r w o rke rs to t r y to shorten the w eek and fo r bosses to t r y to m a in ta in o r leng then i t . The bosses have a lw ays c rie d th a t sh o rte r hours fo r la b o r w o u ld m ean d is ­aster and econom ic stagnation. I f the w o rke rs o f the past had l is ­tened to the K e n n edys o f th e past, w e ’d s t i l l be w o rk in g a 70-houri week. F o rtu n a te ly , th e y d id n ’t lis ten , b u t fo u g h t fo r th e ir needs.

T h a t’s w h a t has to be done no w too. K en ne dy says he hopes “ w e can have em p loym ent h ig h f iv e days a w eek and 40 h o u rs / ’ But pious hopes don’t f i l l foodbaskets o r pay ren t. The fa c t is th a t th e p ro f i t system is becom ing less and less able to p ro v id e f u l l em p loy­m ent, and th a t the reserve a rm y o f p e rm an en tly unem p loyed gets b igger a fte r eve ry recession.

T h a t is the basis fo r the g ro w ­in g sen tim en t am ong auto, steel and o th e r w o rke rs fo r the 30 -hour w eek a t 40 hours ’ pay. K ennedy condemns th is o r an y o th e r c u t as “ a rb itra ry . ” B u t he’s th e la s t one w h o should ta lk abou t a rb i­trariness. Because, as he says, th e best he hopes to ach ieve th ro u g h h is p rog ram is to lo w e r th e u n ­em p loym ent ra te to 4 p e r cent. T h a t is, he w i l l be sa tis fied i f a lm ost th ree m il l io n w o rk e rs re ­m a in p e rm a n e n tly jobless.

W ha t Comes F irs tC u ttin g hours to p ro v id e jo b s fo r

a ll m ay seem a rb it ra ry i f you th in k th a t p ro fits come ahead 6 f e ve ry th in g else, B u t i t is reason­able, ra tio n a l and abso lu te ly neces­sary i f you th in k th a t un em p loy ­m en t is a c rim e against hum an beings.

K en ne dy ’s a ttack w o n ’t s top the m ovem ent fo r the sh o rte r week. A l l i t w i l l do is show th a t th ie m ovem ent can’t expect any help, f ro m the o ld c a p ita lis t pa rties , in ­c lu d in g the libe ra ls . I f un em p loy­m en t is to be erased, the w o rke rs , em ployed and unem ployed, w i l l have to do i t themselves — w ith th e ir ow n p ro g ra m and th ro u g h th e ir ow n p a rty .

Rubber Workers Ask 30-Hr. Week

A K R O N — O n th e eve o f con­tra c t nego tia tions w ith the m a jo r ru b b e r com panies, 160 delegates f ro m 104 loca ls o f th e U n ite d R u b ­be r W orke rs m e t in C leve land la s t w eek and vo ted to seek, am ong o th e r ob jectives, the 30 -ho u r w eek w ith no loss in pa y in a l l ru b b e r p lan ts . T he action cam e a fte r K en ne dy ’s M a rch 15 s ta tem ent op­posing a sho rte r w o rk week.

The standard w o rk w eek in A k ro n ru b b e r p lan ts , cen te r o f the in d u s try , is n o w 36 hours. I n C anadian and some U . S. p lan ts i t is 40.

A b o u t 21, 000 m em bers o f the un ion, o n e -s ix th o f the m em ber­ship, have been la id o f f in the c u rre n t recession.A n to in e G izenga

Page Two THE M IL ITA N T Monday, March 27, 1961

A Reply to New York Paper On Case of Major Morgan

Socialists Ask for Votes In Los Angeles, Michigan

B y D e lla RossaLO S A N G E LE S , M a rch 17 —

S peak ing as a fe llo w m em ber o f th e C arpenters un ion , Oscar G. Coover, S oc ia lis t W orke rs P a rty cand idate fo r m ayor, rem inded L o c a l 1976 here th is w eek th a t P e te r M cG u ire , founde r o f the C arpenters in te rn a tio n a l, was a soc ia lis t too.

The C arpenters ’ Los Angeles d is tr ic t co u n c il has ju s t come ou t fo r the fo u r-d a y w eek w i th no red u c tio n in w e e k ly pay. Coover p ra ised th is step and noted th a t he and the S ocia lis t W orkers P a r ty are f ig h t in g fo r the 30 -hour w eek a t 40 hours ’ pay to m eet th e prob lem s o f unem p loym ent and au tom ation .

“ P e te r M cG u ire , in h is tim e, fo u g h t fo r the 8 -h o u r day, ” Coover said. “ N ow w e ’re go ing fo r 30- fo r-4 0 — b u t w e can’t get i t u n t il w e change p o lit ic a lly . W e m ust organ ize ou r ow n la b o r p a rty , w ith o u r ow n candidates ru n n in g on a la b o r p rogram .

“ GOPE’s endorsem ent o f M ayo r P ou lson is a tragedy , ” he con­t inu ed . “ Poulson has been a n t i­la b o r a ll the e igh t years he has been in c ity h a ll. ” He urged the lo ca l to rep ud ia te Poulson.

A f te r he a ring Coover, an u n ­em ployed m em ber o f Lo ca l 1976 sent in a c o n trib u tio n to h is cam ­p a ign com m ittee.

Y este rday tens o f thousands o f ra d io lis teners heard Coover de­fen d the Cuban re v o lu tio n in a 45 -m inu te broadcast ove r s ta tion K N X .

A f te r b r ie f ly e x p la in in g h is p la t fo rm on R a lph S to ry ’s F ir in g L in e , Coover spent the rest o f the p ro g ra m answ ering questions phoned in b y lis teners, m ost o f w h om seemed eager to le a rn m ore abou t w h a t is re a lly happen ing in Cuba.

Coover showed th a t the re v o lu ­t io n has bene fited “ the mass o f the C uban people, and I support that. I t ’s tru e th a t i t has c u rta ile d the specia l p r iv ile ge s o f a m in o r­ity o f exp lo ite rs , b u t I have no Sym pathy w ith those people. ”

Weekly CalendarDETROIT

Socialist Workers Party Election Rally and Social. Sat., April I, 8 p. m. Debs Hall. 3737 Woodward.

•M INNEAPO LIS

Dr. Annette T. Rubinstein, just returned from abroad, speaks on The Cultural Climate in the USSR and Eastern Europe. Tues., April 4, 8 : 15 p. m. 704 Hennepin Ave. Hall 240. Contrib. $1 (students 50 cents). Ausp. Twin Cities Labor Forum.

•N EW YORK

The New Left Movement and the Views of C . W right Mills. Second o f two lec­tures by W illiam F. W arde. Fri., March 31, 8: 30 p . m. 116 University Pi. C ontrib . 50 cents. Ausp. M ilita n t Labor Forum and Young Socialist A lliance.

BO STO N . Boston L a b o r F o ru m , 295 H u n tin g to n A ve ., R oom 200.

CH IC A GO. S oc ia lis t W o rke rs P a rty , 802 S ou th Canal St., Room 210. W E 9-5044. I f n o answ er, c a ll H U 6-7025.

C L E V E L A N D . S oc ia lis t W orke rs P a rty , 0927 E u c lid A v e ., R oom 23, C leve land 3, O h io.

D E N V E R . M il i ta n t L a b o r F o ru m , 1227 C a lifo rn ia . M a in 3-0993. F o r la b o r and so­c ia lis t books. In te rn a tio n a l B ook E x ­change, 1227^ C a lifo rn ia . Open 5: 30 p . m . to 8 p. m. M on. th ro u g h F r i.

D E T R O IT . Eugene V . Debs H a ll, 3737 W oodw ard . T E m p le 1-6135.

L O S A N G E LE S . F o ru m H a ll and M o d ­ern B o o k Shop. S o c ia lis t W o rke rs P a rty , 1702 East F o u r th S t. A N 9-4953 o r W E 5- 9238. Open 12 noon to 5 p. m . d a ily , Sat.

1a. m . to 5 p . m .

W IL L IA M H A T H A W A Y , stu­dent at Los Angeles City College, is a candidate of the Young So­cialist A lliance and Socialist W o rk ­ers Party for Office No. 2 of the Los Angeles Board of Education. The election w ill be held A p ril 4.

Twin Cities Drivers Win End of Bus Speed Up

B y Joe B a k e rM IN N E A P O L IS — Bus d rive rs

in M inneapo lis and St. P au l w on a v ic to ry M arch 16 over the speed­up p o lic y o f the T w in C ity Rapid T ra n s it Com pany. F o r th ree days the m en stuck r ig id ly to the com ­pany w o rk ru les th a t heavy sched­ules have long fo rced them to ignore. These w ere th ree days o f ta rd y service w h ich saw dozens o f ru s h -h o u r run s cancelled and hundreds o f r id e rs stranded on street corners.

U n ion o ffic ia ls said th a t t ig h t com pany schedules “ p ra c tic a lly fo rce ” d r ive rs to b reak some t r a f ­f ic regu la tions. H o w ard Valo is, p res iden t o f T ra n s it Em ployes D iv is io n 1005, said; “ D r iv e rs re p ­resented b y the un ion had been badgered fo r s ix m onths — espe­c ia lly o lde r employes have been ca lled in fo r 45 -m inu te rev iew s o f th e ir d r iv in g records. M any in te rv ie w s ended w ith the th rea t, ‘one m ore accident w i l l m ean d is­m issal. ’ ”

A t a un io n m eeting la s t Sunday a fte rnoon m em bers recom m ended th a t bus d r iv e rs w ho have been m ak ing ex tra tr ip s tu rn dow n the ove rtim e and th a t the y beg in a safe ty cam paign based on a li te ra l in te rp re ta tio n o f the com pany’s book o f regu la tions. T h is com ­b in a tio n o f fe w e r ava ila b le d r iv ­ers and ru le -b o o k observance b ro u g h t the com pany to agree­m ent.

N ow a new su rvey o f the bus runs w i l l be made b y fo rm e r bus d r ive rs and un io n representa tives w i l l m ake sure the surveys are fa ir .

Moneylenders' ParadiseThe U . S. n a tio n a l deb t was re ­

cen tly rep o rted to be $289, 769, - 978, 638. 13.

M IL W A U K E E . 150 E. Juneau A ve .

M IN N E A P O L IS . S o c ia lis t W orke rs P a r ty and L a b o r B ook S tore, 704 H ennep inA ve ., H a ll 240. F E de ra l 2-7781.

N E W A R K . N e w a rk L a b o r F o ru m , B o x361. N e w a rk , N ew Jersey.

N E W Y O R K C IT Y . M i l i ta n t L a b o r F o ru m , 116 U n iv e rs ity P lace. A L 5-7852.

O A K L A N D -B E R K E L E Y . P . O. B o x 341, B e rk e le y 1, C a lif. Phone O L 5-1764.

P H IL A D E L P H IA . M i li ta n t L a b o r F o ru m and S o c ia lis t W orke rs P a rty , 1303 W. G ira rd A ve . Lec tu res and discussions e v e ry S a tu rday, 8 p . m ., fo llo w e d b yopen house. C a ll PO 3-5820.

ST. LO U IS . Phone M a in 1-0969. A s k fo rD ic k C la rke .

S E A T T LE . 1412 18th A ve ., E A 5-0191. L ib ra ry , bookstore . Open 12 n oon to 5 p . m . S aturdays.

D E T R O IT , M a rch 18 — A de­m and fo r an honest coun t in the A p r i l 3 state e lection was made today b y R obe rt H im m e l, S ocia lis t W orke rs P a r ty candidate fo r M i ch igan superin tenden t o f p u b lic in s tru c tion .

S ecre tary o f State H a re ’s o ffice had ju s t disclosed, a fte r a check o f la s t N ovem ber’s e lection records, “ th a t n o t a l l the e lection boards have been c re d it in g the vo te fo r the m in o r p a r ty candidates on the statem ent sheets. ”

“ I m ay n o t w in the e lection , ” H im m e l said, “ b u t an accurate coun t o f th e votes w o u ld re fle c t the g ro w in g d iscon tent w ith bo th pa rties o f cap ita lism , D em ocra tic and R epublican . I t is in th e in ­te rest o f dem ocracy and fa ir p la y th a t citizens have the know ledge th a t the re are a g ro w in g nu m be r o f people w ho w ish to change th is w a r-and -depress ion system . ”

F ra n k L o v e ll, S oc ia lis t W o rk ­ers state cha irm an , said:

“ I hope th is adm ission b y H a re ’s o ffice knocks some o f the w in d ou t o f the sails o f House B i l l 159, de­signed to doub le the re q u ire ­m ents fo r m in o r ity pa rties to get on the ba llo t. A p p a re n tly those w h o c la im to be lo o k in g fo r a ‘show o f s treng th ’ to ju s t i fy a p lace fo r the SW P on the b a llo t have based them selves on a f ra u ­d u le n t count o f the votes. ” L o v e ll was re fe rr in g to Rep. Russell S trange and B i l l 159, in troduced las t m onth .

“ O r perhaps, ” L o v e ll continued, “ the y are a fra id the re a l nu m be r o f votes o f the SW P is g ro w in g too ra p id ly fo r them , and they don ’t w a n t any com pe tition . ”

The SW P w i l l w in d up its sp ring cam paign fo r state educa tiona l o f­fices Sat. evening, A p r i l 1, w ith an e lection ra l ly and social at 3737 W oodw ard, D e tro it.

In th is cam paign the m a in po in ts o f the SW P prog ram are:

E nd the co ld w a r; use the arm s funds fo r social w e lfa re .

A free education fo r a ll, in c lu d ­in g college; l i f t a ll res tr ic tio ns on academic freedom and dem ocra tic r ig h ts .

T he 30 -hour w eek a t 40 hours ’ pay; jobless com pensation fo r the d u ra tio n o f unem p loym ent.

T a x the r ich , n o t the poor; no taxes on fa m ily incomes unde r $7, 500 a year.

A b o lish ra c ia l d isc rim in a tio n and segregation in a ll fie lds .

V ote against th e state consti­tu t io n a l conven tion am endm ent th a t w o u ld pe rpe tuate un rep re ­sen ta tive governm ent and open the w a y to heav ie r ta x a tio n on w o rk ­in g people.

O th e r Socia lis t W orkers can d i­dates besides H im m e l are L a r ry D o lin sk i, state board o f education ; Sarah L o v e ll and E d ith G bur, U n i­v e rs ity o f M ich iga n board o f re ­gents; R obe rt F in k , M ich ig a n S tate U n iv e rs ity board o f trustees; H a rr ie t T a lan , W ayne S tate U n i­v e rs ity board o f governors.

SWP Candidate Balks At Illegal N. J. Oath

A c tin g on b e h a lf o f R u th S h im - in sky , S oc ia lis t W orke rs candidate fo r governor o f N ew Jersey, the A m erican C iv il L ib e rtie s U n ion has dem anded th a t the secre tary o f state stop re q u ir in g candidates fo r state o ffice to sign a “ lo y a lty ” oa th th a t was declared unconsti­tu t io n a l e leven years ago.

M rs. S h im insky refused to sign the oath w h ic h had been s truck dow n b y the state suprem e cou rt in a case in v o lv in g James Im b rie w h o was Progressive P a r ty can­d ida te fo r governor.

A f te r the A C L U th rea tened con­te m p t action M arch 11, the secre­ta ry o f state’s o ffic e denied i t had to ld M rs. S h im in sky th a t she w o u ld be denied b a llo t status i f she re fused to sign.

N E W Y O R K — The au tho r of the fo llo w in g le tte r to the W o r l d - T e l e g r a m is secre tary o f the New Y o rk F a ir P la y fo r Cuba Com ­m ittee :

Y o u r e d ito r ia l M a rch 13 e n tit le d “ C uban Execu tions” ends: “ W ew onder w h a t the so-ca lled ‘F a ir P la y fo r Cuba C om m ittee ’ — apo l­og is t fo r Castro — has to say abou t th is . ”

T he answ er is s im p le : w e say th a t tr ia ls in Cuba and pu n ish ­m ents m eted o u t a t them should be judged b y A m ericans on the same basis as tr ia ls in o th e r coun­tries. Despite y o u r assertion, we are n o t apologists fo r the Cuban governm ent, w e s im p ly seek fa ir p la y fo r it . T h a t is som eth ing w h ic h y o u r newspaper is decided­ly n o t g iv ing . O n the con tra ry , a long w ith the res t o f the d a ily press o f th is cou n try , i t is t ry in g to w h ip up a lyn ch cam paign against Cuba.

I pe rsona lly am opposed to cap­ita l pun ishm en t b u t I cannot con­dem n Cuba any m ore fo r passing death sentences tha n I do the o the r na tions o f the w o rld . Since y o u r p o lic y is n o t against cap ita l pun ishm en t I cannot see any basis fo r y o u r e d ito r ia l on the execution o f W ill ia m A. M organ — unless you be lieve he was innocen t o f the charges against h im . Y e t now here — in y o u r news dispatches about h is t r ia l no r in y o u r e d ito r ia l — is th is stated o r im p lie d .

W ha t Evidence Was

I hasten to add th a t i f I be lieved M organ innocent and h is t r ia l a fra m e -u p I w o u ld have ra ised m y vo ice in pro test. B u t the evidence o f the w itnesses a t h is tr ia l, as repo rted in the an ti-C a s tro press o f th is cou n try , made i t appear conclusive th a t M a jo r M organ had indeed been secre tly d e live rin g arm s to the g u e rr illa s in the Es- cam bray. S ince these weapons w ere used to k i l l Cuban m il i t ia ­men, I doub t tA a t the re is any governm ent in the w o r ld w h ic h w o u ld n o t have ca rried ou t a s im ­i la r cou rt m a rt ia l w ith a s im ila r ve rd ic t.

The t r ia ls w h ic h have taken place re ce n tly in Cuba should be d is tingu ished fro m those w h ic h took place soon a fte r B a tis ta ’s ove rth ro w . The la tte r w ere “ w a r c r im in a l” tr ia ls , pa tte rned on the ex post fac to lega l p r in c ip le w h ic h th is c o u n try endorsed fo r the N urem berg “ w a r c r im in a l” tr ia ls . N o a n ti-B a tis ta Cubans question the g u ilt o f those so tr ie d . T h e ir crim es d u r in g the d ic ta to r­ship, to ta lin g a t least 20, 000 m u r­dered o r executed (p ro p o rtio n a te ­ly la rg e r than U . S. b a ttle deaths in bo th w o r ld w a rs ) , w e re as w e ll kn o w n to the p u b lic as those o f H im m le r, E ichm ann and th e ir N azi henchm en.

B y c a llin g fo r re v o lu tio n a ry la w and o rd e r and p ro m is in g th a t B a tis ta ’s pro fessiona l m urde re rs and to rtu re rs w o u ld be b ro u g h t to p u b lic t r ia l w hen the re vo lu tio n tr ium p he d , Castro preven ted the ou tb reak o f b loody and in d is c r im i­na te vengeance b y re la tive s and frie n d s o f the v ic t im s — such as took place a fte r the o v e rth ro w o f M achado in 1933.

Not A fra id to T a lkI was in Cuba ju s t be fore the

S tate D e pa rtm e n t ran g dow n an iro n c u rta in to p re ve n t U . S. c i t i ­zens fro m go ing to Cuba and d is ­cove ring fo r them selves how false a p ic tu re the y have been ge tting o f the tru e s itu a tio n there .

I and o ther A m ericans trave led abou t fre e ly and unaccom panied, ta lk in g to w hom ever w e pleased. A lth o u g h w e fou nd people opposed to the reg im e to be in a sm all m in o r ity , s t i l l w e m et a nu m be r o f such — especia lly in the upper class d is tr ic ts o f H avana. They w e re n o t a t a ll he s itan t to speak ou t to us in c r it ic is m o f the Castro governm ent, n o r a fra id to do th is

in Spanish in crow ded buses, res­tau ran ts , etc.

The p o in t is th a t people w ere no t be ing tr ie d fo r “ opposing the reg im e, ” as the U . S. press pu ts it , b u t fo r o v e rt acts o f a m il i ta r y and te rro r is t na tu re . Such acts in ­c lude p la n tin g bombs in p u b lic places, f i r in g shots fro m speeding cars in to crow ds, shooting o r ru n ­n in g ove r lone m ilit ia m e n , k i l l in g ru ra l school teachers (as in the M ex ican R evo lu tion , educators o f th e il l i te ra te peasants are regarded as the w o rs t k in d o f c o m m u n is ts ). The pe rpe tra to rs o f such deeds are, to be sure, “ opponents o f the reg im e. ” B u t they are no t be ing tr ie d fo r th e ir p o lit ic a l opposition b u t fo r th e ir acts w h ic h w o u ld be pun ishab le un de r any code o f law .

People m ay be sent to p rison fo r th e ir p o lit ic a l be lie fs in th is co u n try (S m ith A c t) and in the S oviet U n ion and in a nu m be r o f L a tin -A m e ric a n countries h ig h in the fa v o r o f o u r S tate D e p a rt­m ent, b u t f ro m m y observations and in q u ir ie s th is was n o t tru e in Cuba in J a n u a ry n o r is i t so now .

The Real Crime?

I im ag ine i t cou ld become so i f the th rea ts o f invasion , the hostile acts, th e a ir drops to gu e rrilla s , the assassination • a ttem pts and sabotage continue. I f th is comes about, I th in k h is to ry w i l l p lace the b lam e n o t on th e Castro re ­g im e b u t on ou r b ig co rpora tions, the S tate D e pa rtm en t and the Cen­tra l In te llig ence A gency (w h ich , according to U . S. press sources, gives a t least $400, 000 a m on th to Cuban cou n te rre vo lu tion a rie s fo r in vas ion prepa ra tions and te r ro r ­is m ).

So ho w about a l i t t le fa ir p la y fo r Cuba? I f you can’t g ive as fr ie n d ly a press as you d id to B a tis ta ’s Cuba o r the Perez J im i- nez’s Venezuela, ho w abou t w a x in g as w ro th abou t Spain, H a it i, N ica ­ragua, Paraguay, E l Sa lvador and o ther “ a llie s ” as you do about Cuba? These countries, o f course, are un ta in te d b y any charges o f t ry in g to im p ro ve the l iv in g con­d itions o f the com m on people at the expense o f the U . S. co rpo ra ­tions ’ investm ents. Can th is be the re a l “ c r im e ” fo r w h ic h you are condem ning Cuba?

Berta Green

Los Angeles

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Monday, March 27, 1961 THE M IL ITA N T Page Three

THE MILITANTEditor: JO SEPH H A N S E N

M anaging Editor: G EO RG E L A V A N Business Manager: K A R O L Y N K E R R Y

Published w eekly , except from J u ly 11 to Sept. 5 when published biw eekly, by the M ilita n t Publishing Ass'n., 116 U n ivers ity PL, N ew Y o rk 3, N . Y . Phone C H 3-2140. Second-class postage paid a t N ew Y ork , N . Y . Subscription: $3 a year; Canadian, $3. 50; foreign, $4. 50. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily represent the M ilita n t’s views. These are expressed in editorials.

Vol. 25 - No. 13 «<@*345 Monday, M arch 27, 1961

Castro Tells Kennedy SomethingOn M arch 13 Kennedy announced a “ ten-po in t, ten-yea r”

economic and social “ development p rogram ” fo r L a tin Am erica to meet “ the challenge” o f “ a fu tu re fu l l o f pe ril, b u t b r ig h t w ith hope. ” N ine points consist o f pious generalities. One po in t is a request to Congress to appropriate $600, 000, 000 fo r L a tin Am erica. O f th is amount, $500, 000, 000 was authorized last September at Eisenhower’s request. The rem ain ing $100, 000, 000 was authorized fo r “ lon g -te rm ” rehab ilita tion o f earthquake areas in Chile.

On the same day F ide l Castro, speaking in Havana, analyzed the perspectives facing the Cuban people under the siege la id on the sm all island by the U . S., m ightiest im peria lis t pow er on earth. M any hardships and d ifficu ltie s are to be expected, he said. Some consumer goods w en t in to short supply soon a fte r the eco­nom ic blockade was applied; other goods w i l l become unobta in ­able. The denia l of spare parts w i l l a ffect maintenance o f many k inds of machines. B u t no m a jo r breakdown o f the economy w il l occur, thanks to tim e ly aid fro m the Soviet bloc and other coun­tries. And the rise in a g ricu ltu ra l production since the 1959 v ic ­to ry assures the Cuban people th a t they w i l l not go hungry ; in fact, o rd ina ry people who starved in Batista ’s tim e are now guar­anteed a ll the basic necessities.

As to the long-range perspectives, these are most prom ising, Castro said. Colonialism and im peria lism have become outlived and are doomed.

“ We can te l l M r. Kennedy something, ” Castro declared. “ A v ic to rious revo lu tion w i l l be seen in the U nited States before a victorious counterrevo lu tion in Cuba. ”

M ankind is m oving away from capita lism and tow ard the establishment of planned economies. Castro cited the impressive perform ance of the Soviet U nion in rebu ild ing a fte r the devasta­tio n o f W orld W ar I I and going on at such a ra te tha t i t is on ly a question of tim e u n til i t overtakes the U nited States. Am erica, on the other hand, w h ich escaped devastation, w h ich has not lost a screw in the past f i f t y years, “ unless i t be screws in the heads of its leaders, ” is unable to run its economy at anywhere near capacity.

“ W hat Kennedy does not te ll us is w hy, w hy the indus tria l capacity possessed by the coun try has produced m uch less than i t could have produced; w ha t he does not te ll us is th a t th is crisis of hunger, th is increase in poverty, is s im ply the consequence of im peria lism . . . ”

This te llin g re p ly to Kennedy received bu t scant a ttention in the venal Am erican press. A t best on ly isolated sentences were reported and these were to m out o f context, garbled and m is­represented as p a rt o f an unw arran ted “ a ttack” on the tin y , de­fenseless U nited States. B u t in the eyes o f the m a jo r ity of m an­k ind , the U . S. governm ent is a conscienceless b u lly try in g to crush a va lian t people th a t w an t on ly to be le f t in peace.

Laos - Another Korea?“ W il l Am erican m ilita ry un its be fig h tin g in Laos nex t week

o r nex t m onth? ” begins an e d ito ria l in the M arch 22 New Y o rk Times.

A la rm in g though the question is, i t is p u t seriously by a cap ita lis t newspaper noted fo r its avoidance o f sensationalism. F or the fac t is, though the Am erican people are not aware o f it, th is coun try has once again been taken to the b r in k o f w a r — th is tim e b y President Kennedy over the Laos situation.

The Am erican people were not consulted about the decision w h ich has perched us on the b r in k of w a r in Laos nor w i l l they have a voice o r means o f a ffecting the next decision ra p id ly com­ing up — the com m itm ent o f U . S. land, sea and a ir forces to actual battle . That decision w i l l be made by Kennedy, i f i t hasn’t been already, lik e the preceding decisions in secret conferences w ith top advisors.

Going to w ar in Laos w ou ld be a repe tition o f T rum an ’s “ police action” in Korea — one o f the bloodiest and most un ­popular wars in Am erican h is tory. And, as was the case in Korea, a w a r in Laos carries the b u ilt - in danger of explod ing in to nuclear w o rld w ar.

Y e t Kennedy’s Dem ocratic adm in istration, lik e th a t o f Re­pub lican Eisenhower, is w ill in g to shed the blood o f Am ericans and Laotians, and r is k nuclear w a r to get its w ay in the t in y southeast Asia coun try whose ve ry location is unknow n to most Americans.

Laos looms large in W ashington’s Asian po licy because i t borders China and N orth V ie t Nam. Pentagon and State D epart­m ent planners fo r the w a r to restore cap ita lism to those tw o countries desire a t any cost to hold the Lao tian “ gateway” to th e ir southern flank .

B u t a decision by W ashington to s ta rt the f ir in g could be based on economic as w e ll as co ld -w ar motives. The U . S. economy is in the m idst of a recession. Even more, the general trend o f the cap ita lis t economy is slow ing down or stagnation. W ou ldn ’t a “ police action” in Laos tu rn the same tr ic k as the Korean w ar — w h ich “ cured” the 1949-50 recession?

W hatever W ashington’s decision on Laos, the “ cura tive” q u a lity o f w a r fo r a sick cap ita lis t economy is one o f the factors being taken in to consideration.

... Mexico Conference Hails Cubatendencies came m ost c le a r ly to the fo re in the com m ission th a t considered w h a t k in d o f c o n tin u ­in g body should be set up.

A f te r considerable debate, the v ie w p re va ile d th a t the con fe r­ence represented essen tia lly a fo ru m o f L a tin -A m e ric a n op in ion as i t exists a t the m om en t; th a t i t cou ld re a lis t ic a lly seek to e x ­press m any com m on v ie w s th a t w o u ld serve no tice on th e State D epa rtm en t and the Cuban coun­te rre v o lu tio n ; b u t th a t i t w o u ld be unw ise to a tte m p t to set up a con tin u in g body w ith any p o lit ic a l o r d is c r ip lin a ry mandate.

V ote o f Confidence

In apprec ia tion o f th e ir c o n tr i­b u tio n in m a k ing the conference possib le and as a k in d o f vote o f confidence, the th ree sponsors, Lázaro Cárdenas o f M exico , A l ­be rto T. Casella o f A rg e n tin a and D om ingo Velasco o f B ra z il, w ere nam ed as a co n tin u in g body en­trus ted w ith p u b lic a tio n o f the reso lu tions o f the conference, the h a n d lin g o f correspondence, and prepa ra tions fo r anothe r ga the r­in g to be ca lled in a yea r o r so.

The Cuban R e vo lu tion dom inated the conference fro m be g inn ing to end. T h is was no t due to any o r­gan iza tiona l pow e r p lays o f the Cuban governm ent in re la tio n to the ga thering . The Cuban dele­gates, in fac t, d id e ve ry th in g pos­s ib le to avo id m onopo liz ing a t­te n tio n and leaned ove r ba ckw a rd lest the y be accused o f u n d u ly in ­f lu e n c in g the de libera tions.

The e ffe c t o f th is p o lic y was to u n d e rlin e the im p ac t o f the Cuban R e vo lu tio n on the th in k ­in g o f the delegates. T hey v ied to appear as the best defenders o f the Cuban R e vo lu tion and as the m ost a le r t to its im p lica tio n s fo r freedom struggles th rou gh ou t th e rest o f the hem isphere and the co lon ia l w o rld .

The head o f the Cuban delega­tion , V ilm a Espín de Castro, the w ife o f R au l Castro, d id no t take the f lo o r u n t i l the second day. As she stepped to w a rd the m ic ro -

I w onder i f I m ig h t take th is o p p o rtu n ity to pass along m y con­g ra tu la tio n s to the m any b ranch fu n d d irec to rs w h o m ust be h a v ­in g the same prob lem s I have here in the center. Sleepless n igh ts, w i th figu res and d o lla r signs chas­in g them selves a round in m y head — b r i l l ia n t ideas w h ic h fade in the m o rn in g lig h t in to the ha re - b ra in schemes the y w e re — a s in k ­in g fe e lin g w hen I don ’t f in d any m a il on m y desk — and a w o nd e r­f u l g lo w w hen the re is a b ig p ile !

I t goes w ith o u t say ing th a t the w o n d e rfu l day w h en the to ta l shows 100% p lus w i l l be M A Y D A Y !

phone, she was g iven a trem en­dous ova tion . I t was a spontaneous response to th e w a y she s y n i- bo lized th e Cuban R e vo lu tio n — th is v ib ra n t 25 -yea r-o ld w om an, ve te ran o f the hero ic u n d e r­g round s trugg le against d ic ta to r B atis ta , n o w about to speak fo r the v ic to rio u s re v o lu tio n a ry gov­e rnm en t be fo re th is f i r s t p a r lia ­m en t o f 200, 000, 000 people.

She to ld h o w Cuba w on its fre e ­dom fro m S pa in in 1898 o n ly to become a sem ico lony unde r A m e r­ican im p e ria lism . ’The is land , she said, was converted in to an im ­mense sugar p la n ta tio n and the Cubans became “ slaves of. th e d o l­la r . ”

T h rou gh re v o lu tio n th e Cuban people w ere f in a lly ab le to de-. s tro y la tifu n d is m and the m e r­cenary a rm y, th e basis o f th e d ic ta to rsh ip . N o w an arm ed peo­p le is de fend ing its re v o lu tio n . She a ffirm e d the con v ic tio n o f th e Cubans th a t th e cou n te rre vo lu ­t io n w i l l be defeated: “ I t is post s ib le to s trugg le against a class, against a do m in an t group, b u t i t is abso lu te ly im poss ib le to de feat an e n tire people w h ic h h a s . taken possession o f the land , w h ic h i t w a te rs w ith its b lood and sweat, and w h ich has in a d d itio n m ore th a n enough courage and arm s to defend i t . ”

A N ew Consciousness

She reported th e rise o f “ a new consciousness” in Cuba. People are n o w able to face bo th fr ie n d s and foes on an equa l basis. “ N o w w e are able to speak w ith o u t h a v ­in g o u r rep lies d ic ta ted . O n foo t, and no t on ou r knees, w h ic h is an u n d ig n ifie d posture, in a d d itio n to be ing v e ry u n com fo rtab le fo r con­ve rsa tion . ”

“ We don ’t exp o rt revo lu tio n s , ” she said. “ B u t n e ith e r are w e able to p re ven t the exam ple o f Cuba fro m ex te nd ing beyond o u r fro n ­tie rs and reve a lin g to b ro th e r peoples o f ou r A m erica and o f th e w o r ld th a t im p e ria lis m is n o t in ­v u lne rab le and th a t w hen a u n ite d people decides to ob ta in its f u l l l ib e r ty and its to ta l independence the re are no forces th a t can stop i t . ”

R esolutions w e re passed oppos­in g the M onroe Doctr in e and the “ P an -A m erican ism ” o f im p e r ia l­ism. The s trugg le fo r P ue rto R ico 's independence rece ived s trong sup­p o rt as d id th e m ovem en t fo r the re tu rn o f the Panam a C anal Zone to Panama.

T he State D e pa rtm e n t’s “ H em is­ph e ric Defense” was denounced along w ith A m e rica n m il i ta ry m is ­sions and bases.

Some o f th e appeals fo r ac tion w ere addressed to the U n ite d N a ­tions, b u t the m a in them e o f the conference was th a t the L a t in A m ericans m ust re ly on th e ir o w n e ffo r ts to w in th e ir freedom .

As a delegate fro m H onduras p u t i t , “ In L a t in A m e rica th e h o u r is one o f re v o lu tio n . Cuba shows i t . . . One b ig question faces us: H o w to m ake a re v o lu tio n a t the oppo rtune tim e . ”

F u n d ScoreboardB R A N C H Q U O T A P A ID PCT.A lle n to w n $ 120 $ 90 75%Boston 500 350 70D e tro it 625 405 65C onnecticu t 150 95 63N ew Y o rk 4, 400 2, 286 52San Francisco 500 245 49C leve land 500 243 49Chicago 800 350 44T w in C ities 1, 200 450 38B erke le y -O a k lan d 500 173 35St. Lou is 90 30 33N e w a rk 150 49 33P ittsb u rg h 10 3 33M ilw a u ke e 300 93 31P h ila de lph ia 300 89 30Los Angeles 5, 000 1, 385 28San Diego 280 71 25D enver 85 15 18Seattle 500 50 10G eneral 40

T ota ls $16, 010 $6, 514 41%

$ 16,000 Socialist Fund Lagging - Six Weeks to Go

(Continued from Page 1)cans, as hosts, pa id fo r the h a ll and conference organ ization. These costs, am oun ting to some $15, 000, w ere m et th ro u g h ra n k -a n d - f ile e ffo rts o f o rgan izations th a t sup­po rted the conference. )

In p o lit ic a l co lo ra tion , the con­ference extended fro m the le f t - bourgeois rad ica lism o f fo rm e r P res iden t Lázaro Cárdenas to the te r ro r is t in c lin a tio n s o f un de r­g round re v o lu tio n a ry fig h te rs ca r­ry in g on arm ed struggles against such d ic ta to rs as Stroessner o f Paraguay.

M uch o f the organ iza tiona l w o rk was done b y adherents o f the C om m unis t p a r ty o r re la ted ten ­dencies. I t should be added, h o w ­ever, th a t th is d id no t s ig n ify S ta lin is t dom ina tion o f the con­ference. The in flue nce o f Cárdenas, a f i r m be lie ve r in the p rinc ip le s o f dem ocracy, kep t the discussion free and open. I t should be noted, in ad d ition , th a t the fo rm e r S ta­lin is t m on o lith ism in L a t in A m e r­ica has been shattered. In M exico alone a t least f iv e s p l it -o f f c u r­ren ts are v y in g w ith th e eroded o ff ic ia l CP fo r leadersh ip .

W anted United FrontIn v ie w o f th e w id e p o lit ic a l

d iffe rences among the delegates, i t was to be expected th a t as the discussion on economic and p o lit ­ic a l tasks became m ore and m ore concrete, the cleavages w o u ld sharpen. The n a tu ra l in c lin a tio n o f the delegates was to press th e ir in d iv id u a l positions, o r the posi­tions o f the tendencies the y re p ­resented. T hey d id th is in reso lu ­tions, in caucuses, in conversa­tions. A t the same tim e a l l o f them , w ith o u t exception, w e re eager to present a u n ite d f ro n t against U . S. im p e ria lis m and in defense o f the Cuban R evo lu tion . T hey w ere s im ila r ly eager to reach com m on unders tand ing on a t least the g rea t basic h is to r ic tasks fac in g a ll o f L a t in A m erica .

The con tra d ic tion between the lim ita t io n s o f the conference and the p o lit ic a l a im s o f the various

B y M a rv e l SchollF u n d D r iv e D ire c to r

W ith th is a rtic le , w e en ter the las t s ix v weeks o f the fu n d cam ­pa ign — b u t w e are tw e n ty - f iv e pe r cent beh ind schedule as you can see fro m the scoreboard. N ow is th e tim e to re a lly beg in bearing dow n on co llec ting pledges. I t goes w ith o u t saying th a t w e w i l l be O V E R T H E TO P B Y M A Y D A Y , b u t a t th is p o in t a w o rd o f w a rn in g is in order.

F ra n k L o v e ll o f D e tro it te lls us the y sent a le tte r to a l l th e ir fr ie n d s asking co n trib u tio n s bo th fo r th e ir e lection cam paign and fo r th is fu n d . F ra n k w rite s , “ Some good resu lts are now com ing in — w e w e re especia lly heartened by an anonym ous c o n trib u tio n o f $10 fro m Toledo. ”

Boston los t its lead th is w eek to A lle n to w n — b u t i f w e k n o w those H ub o f the Un iversers th a t s itua ­t io n w i l l n o t be a llow ed to stand v e ry long.

D u r in g the past w eek we, have had some v e ry n ice m a il — w ith long green s tu ff in it . W e th a n k A . C., Rochester, N . Y .; J. R. K ., G reensburg, Pa.; C. E. B. and S. R., bo th o f N ew Y o rk C ity fo r th e ir generous con tribu tions .

Los Angeles, w h ic h also is en­gaged in an e lection cam paign, is w o rk in g ha rd to f u l f i l l its v e ry la rge quota. T hey are ru n n in g a ra f f le to raise p a r t o f the m oney. George S., L . A . F und D irec to r, doesn’t say w h a t is be ing ra ff le d , b u t the idea is w o rth y o f con­s ide ra tion b y others. In fac t, Ed F., N ew Y o rk ’s D ire c to r, in it ia te d a ra f f le las t w eek — fo r a tab le m odel H i-F i!

Page Four THE M ILITA NT Monday, March 27, 1961

Most Likely to SucceedB y G eorge L ava n

I can’t fo r th e l i fe o f m e See w h a t a l l th e ruckus is abou t dow n a t R id e r College in T ren to n , N . J.

R id e r is one o f the o ldest bu s i­ness colleges in th e cou n try . I t num bers am ong its a lu m n i ba n k ­ers, co rpora tion executives, in fa c t a good ly g lob o f th e “ cream ” o f Jersey’s business leaders. So w h y does i t expe l 22 students fo r be ing im b ue d w ith the tru e ca p ita lis t s p ir it and show ing in it ia tiv e ?

H e re are th e fa c t in the case; ju dg e fo r you rse lf.

B ack in Jan u a ry a s tuden t ap ­proached a young a d m in is tra tiv e a ide in th e o ffice w here th e m arks are recorded w ith a h a rd - lu c k Story. O ne pa ren t had died, the bther, was in the hosp ita l. Because o f h is fa m ily troub les h is academic reco rd was poor and he had ju s t f lu n k e d tw o m ore courses. I f these fa il in g grades w ere p u t on h is rec­o rd he w o u ld be dism issed fro m college. The new spaper accounts do n ’t ’m ake i t c lear w h e the r the s tud en t’s s to ry was tru e o r a snow jo b . I n e ith e r case, the k in d -h e a rt­ed a d m in is tra tiv e a ide a lte red the s tud en t’s records so th a t tw o f a i l ­in g grades o f D appeared as pass­in g C pluses.

W h e n , th e n e x t m a rk in g pe riod

B y F re d H als teadT h is m o n th the F o rd M o to r

C om pany issued an annua l re ­p o r t to stockholders, whose es­sence can be sum m ed up b y the re fra in o f the o ld E ng lish song: " I t ’s the r ic h w h a t gets the g ravy, it 's the poor w h a t gets the b lam e. ”

The re p o rt reveals th a t the com ­pa ny made $427. 8 m il lio n in s tra ig h t, unconcealed p ro fits in 1960. The d iv id e n d to s tockho ld ­ers was increased fro m $2. 80 in 1: 959 to $3. 00 in 1960, an increase o f 7, 1% . D u r in g the same period , the increase in h o u r ly wage rates and fr in g e bene fits came to o n ly 4. 4% .

U nde r the head ing o f ad d itio n a l g ra v y is $33. 6 m il l io n in bonuses fo r the yea r w h ich , the re p o rt

M a n fo r the Job? — Charles J. Conrad, a R epub lican assem bly­m an in C a lifo rn ia , is u rg in g Con­gress to okay chem ica l w a rfa re against “ C o m m un is t-insp ired u p ­r is ings th ro u g h o u t the w o r ld . ” Q ueried on the p o s s ib ility o f th is dam ag ing the U . S. p ropaganda- w ise, he rep lied : “ A g lib fe llo w l ik e A d la i Stevenson cou ld get the idea across in the U n ited Nations th a t the A m ericans are ac tu a lly S how ing g rea t h u m a n ity . ”

Big Deal Departm ent — “ Regis­te re d b lin d persons in B r ita in re c e n tly w ere g ran ted a 25 pe r cent red u c tio n in y e a r ly te le v is io n licenses. ” — A London U P I d is ­patch.

Jobless A id Program — T o e lim ­in a te unem p loym ent, says the N a tio n a l A ssociation o f M an u fac ­tu re rs , don ’t increase the m in im u m wage, don’t lib e ra liz e o ld age bene­f its , don ’t p ro v id e m ed ica l care fo r the aged, don ’t g ive federa l a id to educa tion o r depressed areas and don ’t extend unem p loym ent com pensation. Jus t cu t th e taxes on the r ic h and p u t' new curbs on Unions.

Lettuce Strike B roke n — Thele ttu ce harvesters s tr ik e in C a lifo r ­n ia ’s Im p e r ia l V a lle y was ca lled o ff M a rch 18 b y the A g r ic u ltu ra l W orke rs O rgan iz ing C om m ittee and the U n ite d Packinghouse W orkers . The un ions assailed Sec­re ta ry of L a b o r G o ldberg as re ­sponsib le fo r de feat o f th e s tr ike , cha rg in g he re fused to o rd e r w ith -

came around 22 o f th a t s tuden t’s f ra te rn ity b ro thers descended on the good Joe in the records o ffic e and la id i t on the lin e . E ith e r he upgrade a ll th e ir m arks o r they w o u ld expose h is o r ig in a l s in and get h im fire d . He gave in .

Can you conceive o f a be tte r exam ple o f the ap p lica tio n o f hard-headed business tactics, o f p ra c tis in g th a t C om m andm ent in the Businessm an’s Decalogue: T hou sha lt never g ive a sucker an even break? Though practised here b y fledg lings, th is was the s p ir it th a t b u ilt m any o f A m e rica ’s in ­d u s tr ia l em pires. M oreove r, w i th ­ou t any charge they had im p a rted v a lua b le business educa tion to the a d m in is tra tiv e aide, nam ely , th a t A m erican business, le t a lone a business college, has no room fo r do-gooders and b leed ing hearts.

Can’t you ju s t hear one o f these s tudent’s tyco o n -fa th e r p ro u d ly te llin g how his boy had p u lle d o f f a rea l sharp deal w h ile h is co r­pora te cron ies chuck le and p re d ic t th a t such a boy w i l l go fa r?

W hen th e m a tte r came to l ig h t a fe w weeks ago th e a d m in is tra ­t iv e aide was p ro m p tly f ire d in disgrace, then the 22 students w ere ca lled onto the carpet. No s n iv e l­in g pen iten ts they! T h e ir f i r s t re ­

shows, was passed ou t among F o rd ’s top m anageria l em ployees— about 7, 000 persons.

T h is am ount is about $1. 5 m i l ­lio n m ore than the to ta l o f a ll raises and increased bene fits re ­ceived in 1960 b y a l l F o rd ’s h o u r­ly - ra te d w o rke rs — about 120, 000 persons.

U n de r the head ing o f b lam e, the re p o rt to the stockholders con­ta ins the fo llo w in g statem ent: “ M anagem ent believes i t essential to ho ld the lin e on a ll costs, a vo id ­in g p a r t ic u la r ly any labo r cost increases th a t cou ld fo rce us to raise prices. ”

C ou ld i t be th a t w h a t the com ­pany re a lly means is th a t wage increases m ig h t fo rce F o rd exec­u tives (w h o are also la rge s tock-

d ra w a l o f M ex ican na tiona ls used as s trikeb reakers u n t i l a fte r the ha rvest peak had passed. They said G oldberg re fused to act de­sp ite demands b y the M ex ican governm ent th a t its na tiona ls be rem oved.

S lid in g Scale o f H ours — A p la n fo r a fed e ra l hours la w th a t w o u ld a u to m a tica lly reduce the w o rk week w ith o u t c u ttin g pa y w hen­ever unem p loym ent becomes se ri­ous was ou tlin e d to the A F L -C IO executive counc il last m on th b y O. A . K n ig h t, p res iden t o f the O il, C hem ica l & A to m ic W orkers. M ea nw h ile A lb e r t J. F itzge ra ld , p res iden t o f the U n ite d E le c tr ica l W orke rs ( In d . ), u rged a f ig h t fo r a sho rte r w o rk w eek, p o in tin g ou t th a t th is w o u ld be o f p a r tic u la r be ne fit to N egro w o rke rs w ho have been hardest h it b y layo ffs .

D elivery Fees — F ro m 1953 to 1958 the average cost o f ha v in g a baby w e n t up fro m $193 to $272, an increase o f 42 per cent.

Freedom T ra in — C om m enting on the t r ia l o f Pete Seeger, w ho de fied ■ the House U n -A m e ric a n A c tiv it ie s Com m ittee, poet C a rl S andburg said: “ I w o u ld p u t Pete Seeger in the f ir s t ra n k o f A m e r i­can fo lk singers. I th in k he ought to be a fre e m an, ro v in g th e A m e r­ican landscape, s ing ing fo r the audiences w ho love h im — R epub­licans, Dem ocrats and independ­ents. ”

Negro M a jo r ity in C ap ita l —W ashington, D. C., has become the f i r s t m a jo r c ity in w h ic h Negroes

action was to th rea ten to scandalize the college b y s p illin g the s to ry to the newspapers i f an y action was taken against them . B u t w h ile the college au tho ritie s w ere m u llin g th is over, the s to ry leaked out. So they w ere g iven some ta lk about eth ics and expelled . B u t i t doesn’t seem to have abashed them . “ The th in g th a t a la rm ed m e, ” said Dean M cBane, w ho had read them the lecture, “ the re was no fe e lin g o f m o ra l g u ilt in them . ”

A s fo r the students themselves, th e ir expu ls ion should be con­sidered as advance g ra du a tion — i t is obvious they w ere ahead o f th e ir classmates anyhow . T h e ir w h o le v e n tu re should coun t as a thesis o r o r ig in a l w o rk p ro je c t re ­q u ire d o f some sc ie n tific students and should ra te a com m erc ia l sum m a cum laude.

T h e ir careers ru ined? Nonsense! T a le n t scouts fro m the b ig co r­porations, w h o u su a lly v is it the campuses in June lo ok in g fo r em ­b ryo executives, are p ro b a b ly tra c ­in g them dow n r ig h t now . Chances are th a t G enera l E le c tr ic , w h ic h has had to re t ire some o f its top executives because o f th e ir 30-day sentences on the p r ic e - f ix in g con­sp iracy rap , have got h a lf o f these p ro m is in g lads signed up a lready.

ho lders) to cu t down on th e ir own bonuses and dividends?

The chorus to the o ld song runs: “ I t ’s the r ic h w h a t gets the g ravy. I t ’s the poor w h a t gets the blam e. I t ’s the same the w ho le w o r ld over. A in ’ t i t a l l a b loom in ’ shame. ”

I t w i l l be a b loo m in ’ shame i f anybody in the la bo r m ovem ent fa lls fo r the com p an y-insp ired a r­gum ent th a t wage increases — or the sho rte r w o rk week — can’t be granted because they w o u ld causé in fla t io n . I t ’s ju s t a question of w h ic h you th in k is m ore im p o r­tan t: decent pay and jobs fo rhonest w o rke rs ; o r m ore w e a lth fo r the double ta lke rs w h o ’ve a lready got too m uch. T here is n o th in g sacred about p ro fits o r the p riv ile ge s o f executives, you know .

are a m a jo r ity o f the popu la tion . The Census Bureau reports th a t the re are 411, 737 Negro residents there , o r 53. 9 per cent o f the pop­u la tion .

Ohio S an ity L aw — The C leve­la n d C iv i l L ib e rtie s U n io n has u rged rev is ion o f a state la w under w h ic h a person can be com m itted to a m en ta l h o sp ita l b y a s im p le a f f id a v it th a t m ay be f ile d b y any­one and w h ic h is o ften acted on w ith o u t investiga tion . There are repo rted instances o f sane persons snatched fro m th e ir homes and hosp ita lized as the re su lt o f a m a r ita l d ispu te o r ne ighborhood grudge.

Baltim ore Student Harassed —M rs. M ad e lyn E. M u rra y , w ho f ile d su it to ba r re lig iou s teaching in B a ltim o re p u b lic schools, has ta ke n ne w lega l action to end abuse and harassm ent o f h e r son W ill ia m , 14, b y h is teachers. She charged th a t since W ill ia m Refused to a ttend B ib le readings he has been assigned 45 e x tra hours of h om ew ork a week and has been iso la ted fro m o the r pup ils . M ean­w h ile , M ich iga n has in s tru c te d school boards to end B ib le in s tru c ­t io n because i t v io la tes state and fed e ra l con s titu tion a l provisos fo r separa tion o f chu rch and state.

Survival Sale — Food F a ir ’s Jacksonv ille stores are te s t-m a r­k e tin g an atom ic s u rv iv a l k i t con­ta in in g 42 servings* o f a “ m u lt i­purpose food, ” 14 p in ts o f canned w a te r, 14 doses o f v ita m in C, a can opener and m iscellaneous ha rdw are . O n ly $4. 98.

A RebuttalF a irm o n t, W . Va.

I am enclosing cost o f ren ew a l o f m y subscrip tion . F inances p re ­v e n t m y sending you m ore.

I w o u ld lik e to answ er some re ­cent proposals fo r chang ing the s ty le o f the M il ita n t w h ich have appeared in y o u r le tte rs colum n.

In the Feb. 13 issue, “ H . H . ” asks fo r “ less ‘b lu rb s ’ fro m the New Y o rk T im es. ” I disagree w ith “ H . H . ’T th in k i t is v e ry im p o rta n t th a t y o u r paper m a in ta in a h ig h s tandard o f accuracy and also le t th is standard be m an ifes t th rou gh qu o tin g accepted sources such as the Tim es.

“ H . H . ” also asks fo r m ore “ ac­t io n - in d u c in g ” a rtic les and “ R. D . ” , in the Feb. 20 issue, asks fo r m ore “ la b o r o rien te d ” a rtic les . I th in k y o u r paper contains enough such a rtic les now . I hope you don’t degenerate to the leve l o f the W orke r in th is respect.

I hope you re ta in a rtic les on so­c ia lis t theory , in te rn a tio n a l a ffa irs and o ther subjects, as w e ll as a r­tic les on specific la b o r issues. L e t the M il ita n t speak o u t on specific fa c to ry s itua tions, b u t le t i t a lw ays speak w ith a soc ia lis t content.

Best wishes. I hope i t soon be ­comes possible to en la rge the p a ­per.

R. W .

Uncounted Michigan VotesD e tro it, M ich .

In the p re s id e n tia l e lection, m in o r ity pa rties w ere c red ited w ith 10, 400 votes in M ich ig a n w ith the la rgest num ber o f these, 4, 437, go ing to the S oc ia lis t W orkers ticke t.

A rt ic le s have appeared in the M il ita n t show ing th a t no t a l l o f the votes fo r the SW P and o the r m in o r ity t ic ke ts w ere counted. B u t don’t th in k th is was ju s t “ sour grapes. ”

In a b u lle t in pub lished fo r the M ich iga n E lec tion Board, Secre­ta ry o f S tate James M . H are has now announced, “ The s ta te -w ide e lection check-up no w ta k in g place has disclosed th a t no t a l l the e lection boards have been c re d it in g the vote fo r m in o r p a rty o ff ic ia ls on the sta tem ent sheets. ”

The b u lle t in urges th a t a l l these votes m ust be counted. W he the r the y w i l l be in the fu tu re rem a ins to be seen.

B u t H a re ’s sta tem ent is e v i­dence fro m the horse’s m ou th th a t the sen tim en t against the R epub­licans and D em ocrats is g rea te r than the fake e lection figu res w o u ld le t people be lieve. I t also reveals th a t the e lection system is no t as dem ocra tic as touted.

R obe rt M a r t in

Satisfied SubcriberLos Angeles, C a lif.

C ount m e in again. I re a lly en­jo y yo u r f in e l i t t le paper. V e ry en ligh ten ing . I a lw ays pass i t on to o ther av id readers.

Enclosed you w i l l f in d $3 fo r a renew al. I o r ig in a lly subscribed d u r in g yo u r e lec tio n -tim e specia l o ffe r and w o u ld m iss i t v e ry m uch i f i t w o u ld stop.

R. T.

Goldberg on 'Ethics'P h ilade lph ia , Pa.

The e le c tr ica l tru s t p r ic e - r ig ­g ing scandal was h a rd ly o f f the fro n t page here w hen Secre tary over L a b o r G o ldberg came to tow n . H e made a b ig p itc h about the need to end “ bad abuse o f tru s t. ”

W ith th e W estinghouse, G E and o th e r e lec tr ica l com pany o ffic ia ls ju s t ou t o f ja i l a fte r se rv ing th e ir “ ha rsh ” sentences o f 30 days, less fo u r fo r good behav ior, you m ig h t

th in k G oldberg was ta lk in g to them about lead ing e th ica l liv e s fro m no w on.

B u t he w asn ’t. He was ta lk in g to a conven tion o f the H o te l & R estauran t W orkers . H e to ld them he in tends to enforce the s p ir it as w e ll as th e le tte r o f the K e n n e d y - L a n d ru m -G r if f ir i law .

He to ld the un io n th a t “ a hand­fu l o f people in positions o f great economic and p o lit ic a l pow er can b r in g such m ora l ru in to a people as to m ake them e x tin c t. ”

Y o u ’d th in k he had been f r ig h t ­ened b y a la b o r m ovem ent th a t had b u ilt its ow n p a r ty and w on p o lit itc a l po w e r in th e c o u n try and no t a m ovem ent u n d e r a ttack and in re trea t.

He said the un ions, as w e ll as m anagem ent and governm ent, m ust end the “ sad spectacle o f a bad abuse o f tru s t. ”

G oldberg, you m ust rem em ber, was the la w y e r fo r the S te e lw o rk ­ers U n ion whose m em bers no t too lo n g ago w e re fo rced in to a g ru e l­in g th re e -m o n th s tr ik e against some o f the m ost p o w e rfu l cor­po ra tions in the land . I n e ffec t he ’s now saying th a t th e w o rke rs w h o w a lk e d the b ric k s fo r th ree m onths had been “ abusive” o f th e ir powers. Everyone know s, ex­cept possib ly M r. G oldberg, th a t the stee l com panies d id n ’t even begin ne go tia tin g u n t i l th e ir s tockp ile was p ra c tic a lly depleted. In the face o f th is re a l abuse o f power, G o ldberg ta lks to un ions about th e ir need ing “ e th ics. ”

To add in s u lt to in ju ry , he to ld a press conference th a t a sho rte r w o rk w eek is “ u n re a lis tic and u n ­desirab le . ” I th in k th e secre ta ry ove r la b o r is “ u n re a lis tic and u n ­desirab le . ”

H e rb L e w in

Too Good for the Poor?Dallas, Texas

D r. Bergen Evans, the professor fro m N o rthw este rn U n iv e rs ity w ho is the star o f the T V show, The La s t W ord, was in a sym posium here on sex education.

He said he’s against such educa­tio n in the schools. The paper d id n ’t re p o rt w h a t he said abou t the ric h , b u t he doesn’t th in k the poor need such education. He said, “ T hey l iv e in i t . T he re ’s no a t­tem p t to screen i t f ro m the young people liv in g in crow ded tene­m ents. ”

I ju s t hope he doesn’t th in k sex is too good fo r the poor people.

L . T .

Peace Trek to End W ith Easter Parade

Peacew alkers on a 340-m ile t re k to prom ote u n ila te ra l d isa rm am en t are en rou te to N ew Y o rk w here th e y w i l l p resent peace pe titio n s to the Sovie t and A m e rica n m is ­sions to the U n ite d Nations.

The w a lk , sponsored b y the N ew E ng land C om m ittee fo r N o n ­v io le n t A c tion , le f t K it te ry , M aine, M a rch 11 a fte r a c iv i l disobedience dem onstra tion a t th e com m ission­in g o f the P o la r is subm arine A b ra ­ham L in co ln . T hey are scheduled to reach N e w Y o rk M arch 31 and w i l l spend tw o days w a lk in g th ro u g h the c ity w ith o the r pac i­f is t organ izations.

T he group, w a lk in g 15 to 18 m iles a day, w i l l stop fo r a v ig i l at the F edera l C o rrec tion a l I n ­s t itu t io n at D a nb u ry , Conn., in suppo rt o f W ill ia m H e n ry , one o f th e ir g roup re ce n tly sentenced to a yea r in p rison fo r the p ro tes t boa rd ing o f P o la ris subm arines.

Oh Easter Sunday, th e w a lke rs w i l l conduct th e ir ow n parade dow n N ew Y o rk ’s F if th Avenue.

Thought for the W eek“ The U n ite d States has had a fed e ra l m in im u m wage law since

1938; bu t even today o n ly a l i t t le m ore than a th ird o f the A m erican labo r fo rce is pro tected by it . In the 23 years since the law has been on the books, there has been v ir tu a lly no u p w a rd re v is io n o f its coverage; and even the m one ta ry f lo o r . . . has no t been ra ised in ove r f iv e years. ” — F ro m a M a rch 21 N ew Y o rk T im es e d ito ria l.

Shame, Blame and Gravy

I t W as Reported in the Press

Letters from Our Readers