Post on 17-Aug-2020
Judaism
SG 2
I. Introduc3on to Judaism • A. Terms & Concepts – 1. Monotheism -‐ one deity – 2. Covenant -‐ God’s promise to Abraham & descendants (symbolized by rite of circumcision)
– 3. God -‐ YHWH, El (god), Elohim (god), El Shaddai (god almighty), Adonai (master), Elyon (highest), & Avinu (our father); also Jehovah or Yahweh (based on the 4 lePers)
– 4. Israel -‐ Jerusalem is the center of Jewish spirituality
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Symbolism
Tetragrammaton of YHWH
Phoenician Aramaic Hebrew
Judaica Shabbat candlesticks, handwashing cup, Torah pointer
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• B. History of Judaism – 1. Ancient Times (~2000 BCE -‐ 500 AD) • a. Abraham • b. Moses -‐ The Exodus & the Ten Commandments • c. Babylonian Exile -‐ many stories in the 5 books match Babylonian “folk tradi3ons”
• d. Roman Conquest & Diaspora
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Moses
Moses Smashing the Tablets of Law by Rembrandt
Moses by José de Ribera
Russian Orthodox Icon
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• B. History of Judaism – 2. The Middle Ages (~500 AD -‐ 1650 AD)
• a. Jews held responsible for the death of Jesus; persecuted throughout Europe & Russia • b. Forms of “an3-‐semi3sm”
– (1) denied guild memberships – (2) prohibited from owning land – (3) separated in ci3es (ghePo) – (4) expulsion from Spain in 1492
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• B. History of Judaism – 3. Modern Times (~1650 AD -‐ present)
• a. Emancipa3on • b. Denomina3ons
– (1) Orthodox -‐ Torah divinely inspired; unbroken chain – (2) Conserva3ve -‐ Torah divinely inspired; ques3on unbroken chain
– (3) Reform -‐ no divine inspira3on; historical quest for holiness
• c. The Holocaust -‐ genocide of ~ 6,000,000 Jews during WWII by Nazi Germany
• d. Zionism -‐ movement to create Jewish homeland • e. Israel -‐ Created in May 15, 1948 out of Bri3sh Pales3ne through UN. Invaded next day be neighboring countries
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• C. Beliefs & Values – 1. Sacred Literature
• a. The Torah -‐ the first five books -‐ Genesis, Exodus, Levi3cus, Numbers, & Deuteronomy • b. The Talmud -‐ interpreta3on of the Torah & oral tradi3on in wri3ng • c. The Nevi’im & Ketuvim -‐ books of history, prophecy, poetry & other sacred wri3ngs AKA: – (1) The Nevi’im (Major Prophets) -‐ Joshua, Judges, Samuel (I-‐III), Kings (I-‐II), Isaiah, & Jeremiah; (Minor Prophets) Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, & Malachi
– (2) The Ketuvim -‐ (Poetry) Psalms, Proverbs, Song of Solomon & Job; (Smaller Books) Song of Songs, Ruth, Lamenta3ons, Ecclesiastes, Esther; (Historical Texts) Daniel, Ezra/Nehemiah, Chronicles
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• C. Beliefs & Values – 2. The Home -‐ equality with synagogue – 3. The synagogue -‐ the building & community • a. Origins -‐ seen as temporary replacement for the Jewish Temple (destroyed by Romans)
• b. Worship -‐ mandatory thrice day devo3onal services – (1) Shacharit (morning); Mincha (akernoon); Maariv (evening)
• c. Architectural Features -‐ some have incorporated “church-‐like” features, some are gender integrated, some are not.
– 4. The rabbi -‐ spiritual leader, teacher, elder; heirs to the scribes of the 2nd temple (orthodox belief)
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• C. Beliefs & Values – 5. Holy Days -‐ The Jewish Calendar -‐ goes back more than 5000 years. • a. The ______________________________ (Shabbat) -‐ 25 hr beginning sundown on Friday and ending nighmall on Saturday – (1) ligh3ng of candles and fes3ve family meal – (2) day of rest; all labor is prohibited
• b. Rosh Hashanah -‐ Jewish New Year • c. Yom Kippur -‐ Day of Atonement (fas3ng) • d. Hanukkah -‐ 8 day winter sols3ce holiday that celebrates victory of Maccabees over Seleucid Greek rulers • e. Passover (Pesach) -‐ 7 day spring fes3val commemora3ng the Exodus
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• C. Beliefs & Values – 6. Rituals
• a. Circumcision (age of 8 days) -‐ rite of entry into Jewish community; believe the soul of the uncircumcised will perish with the body – (1) God commanded Abraham to do this; part of divine covenant
• b. Bar mitzvah/Bat mitzvah -‐ coming of age – (1) “Bar” means “son” in Aramaic – (2) “Bat” means “daughter” in Aramaic
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