Post on 09-Nov-2015
description
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PHN TCH YU CU PHN MM
Nm hc 2013-2014
Gio vin: PGS.TS. Hunh Quyt Thng
BM Cng ngh phn mm
Vin CNTT-TT, HBK HN
www.soict.hust.edu.vn/~thanghq
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Chng 2. Pht hin, tng hp v phn tch YCPM
1. Ngun gc yu cu phn mm
2. Quy trnh pht hin yu cu phn mm v phn nhm NSD
3. Cc k thut pht hin yu cu phn mm
4. Tng hp v phn tch cc yu cu phn mm
5. Thng lng v tha thun cc yu cu phn mm
3.1. Cc k thut pht hin yu cu phn mm
Phng php phng vn
Phng php bng hi
Phng php quan st
Phng php nghin cu ti liu v cc phn mm tng ng
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Phng php phng vn
Phng vn l ngi phng vn v ngi c phng vn tip xc trc tip, hi v ghi chp thng tin theo mt bng hi c thit k trc
Cc thc t cu hi
Cu hi m Cu hi ng
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Cu hi m
Loi cu hi c phm vi tr li t do
u im
Khng rng buc kt qu tr li C th pht sinh tng mi
Nhc im
Thi gian hi ko di Ni dung c th vt phm vi cu hi
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Cu hi ng
Cu hi m p n thng nm trong cc tnh hung xc nh trc
u im
Thi gian tr li ngn Ni dung tr li tp trung
Nhc im
Mt thi gian chun b cu hi Khng m rng kt qu
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u nhc im
u im
Tnh linh hot cao Tnh chnh xc Tnh thun li
Nhc im
Ngun thng tin ph thuc ngi c phng vn
Ngi phng vn phi c k nng giao tip tt Nu khng chun b tt d b tht bi Bt ng v ngn ng, khi nim
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Phng php bng hi
Xy dng bng hi l mt ngh thut i hi phi c nhiu suy xt quyt nh v ni dung, t ng, th t
Vit cc cu hi lin quan n:
Quyt nh mc ch, phm vi v ni dung cu hi
Chn dng cu hi S dng t ng th v
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Cc dng cu hi
Cu hi c 2 la chn: c/khng, ng/sai
Cu hi theo mc o thng
Cu hi khng lin tc, cu hi leo thang LIKERT
Cu hi sng lc, phn loi
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u nhc im
u im Thu thp c nhiu thng tin theo ch
ngi thit k bng hi
Thng tin tp trung c tnh nh hng D nhp liu v x l Chi ph v thi gian va phi
Nhc im Thng tin cng nhc i hi cn c k nng hi Tr li th ng => khng chc chn kt qu S phong ph thp
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Phng php quan st
L phng php ghi li c kim sot cc s kin hoc cc hnh vi ng x ca con ngi
Thng c dng kt hp vi cc phng php khc kim tra cho chnh xc ca d liu thu thp
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Phn loi
Quan st trc tip
Quan st gin tip
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K thut thc hin
Xc nh mc ch quan st
La chn i tng quan st
T chc v hng dn quan st
Bo co kt qu quan st
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u nhc im
u im D thc hin i vi ngi quan st Theo di trc tip hot ng ca h thng
thc t
Nhc im Kt qu mang tnh ch quan Tm l ca ngi b quan st c nhng phn
ng nht nh
S b ng ca phng php quan st Tn km thi gian Thng tin b ngoi, hn ch khng th y
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Phng php nghin cu ti liu v cc phn mm tng
ng
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Cc thng tin mang li
Cc vn cn tn ng trong h thng
Cc c hi tip cn nhu cu mi
Phng hng tip cn c th tc ng n yu cu ca HTTT
L do tn ti ca h thng hin hnh
Tm ra tn v v tr ca nhng c nhn c lin quan ti h thng. Gip cho vic giao tip, lin lc ng mc tiu hn
D liu cu trc, quy tc x l d liu
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Nhng hn ch
Thiu ti liu
Ti liu ht hn
Cc ti liu cng l ngun cung cp thng tin khng ng, trng lp
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3.2. Cc k thut nng cao trong xc nh yu cu
Phng php nguyn mu
Phng php Brainstorming
Phng php Joint application development (JAD)
Phng php Rapid application development (RAD)
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3.2.1 Phng php nguyn mu
nh ngha:
L phng php xc nh yu cu bng cch a ra cc mu th
Khch hng s nh gi tnh nng ca mu => xc nh li yu cu c th, r rng hn
Cc k thut thc hin
Kho st cc yu cu ca h thng La chn cng c pht trin mu th Trao i vi ngi dng v mu th
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2.1 Phng php nguyn mu
u im
Gn b cht ch vi ngi dng trong giai on phn tch
Gii quyt c cc yu cu cha r rng Nhc im
Hnh thnh xu hng khng chun mc trong vic to ra ti liu hnh thc v yu cu h thng
Cc mu th hin phong cch ca ngi dng ban u => kh khn cho ngi dng sau ny
Cc mu thng xy dng trn h thng n => cha xt n tng tc vi h thng khc
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3.2.2 Phng php Brainstorming
Brainstoming gm hai pha
Nu cc tng Thu tm li cc tng
Cc k thut s dng
Hn ch xung t, ch bai tng trong nhm Tha thun trc mc tiu v thi gian hon
thnh
S dng cc sticky note lu tng
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2.2. Phng php Brainstorming
u im
Khuyn khch cc thnh vin tham gia Cho php cc thnh vin tranh lun v cc
kin
Ngi iu phi duy tr hi tho khng b gin on
Din ra nhanh chng a ra cc gii php kh thi cho vn Khuyn khch tng, suy ngh sng to c
o
Nhc im 22
3.2.3. Phng php Joint application development
(JAD)
L hnh thc phng vn nhm theo mt chng trnh v phn tch vin iu khin th t cu hi
Thnh phn tham d bao gm ngi t chc, ngi s dng, nh qun l, phn tch vin h thng, .
Cc k thut thc hin T chc cc cuc hp t 10 n 20 ngi Thi gian din ra t 5- 10 ngy Lu gi cc kin bng bng ghi m Qun tr cc xung t
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3.2.3. Phng php Joint application development
(JAD)
u im
JAD gip thu thp thng tin nhanh hn, chnh xc hn cc phng php c in
Gim ng k thi gian, chi ph v li d n Thng dng trong cc d n c nhiu nhm
ngi khc nhau
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3.2.4. Phng php Rapid application development
(RAD)
L quy trnh pht trin tp trung vo pht trin ng dng trong thi gian ngn, tng dn tng bc vi mi chu k
Xy dng da trn hng thnh phn, ti s dng
Gm mt s nhm, mi nhm m nhim mt pha trong RAD
Cc k thut thc hin RAD: Business modeling RAD: Process and Data modeling RAD: Application Generation and Testing
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3.2.4. Phng php Rapid application development
(RAD)
Hn ch ca RAD
Cn ngun lc di do Yu cu hai bn giao ko trong khong thi
gian ngn phn mm hon chnh => thiu trch nhim lm hng d n
Khng ph hp vi cc ng dng kh module ha hoc i hi tnh nng cao
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