IP Addressing/Subnetting Simplified6 Nodes 23 Nodes 19 Nodes 17 Nodes 14 Nodes 10 Nodes. VLSM...

IP Addressing/Subnetting Simplified

Classes of IP addressClass IP

addressNetwork ID Host ID

A (0-127) w.x.y.z w (start with bit 0) x.y.zB (128-191) w.x.y.z w.x (start with bit 1 0) y.zC (192-223) w.x.y.z w.x.y (start with bit 110) z

Network ID0_ _ _ _ _ _ _

Host ID (24 bits)

Network ID110_ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Host ID(8 bits)

Network ID10 _ _ _ _ _ _._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Host ID(16 bits)

Class A

Class B

Class C

Classes of IP addressClass Number of Networks Number of Hosts per network

A (0-127) 126 (27 - 2) 16,777,214 (224 - 2) 16 million

B (128-191) 16382 (214 - 2) 65534 (216 - 2)C (192-223) 2,097,150 (221 - 2)

2Million254 (28 - 1)

Network ID0_ _ _ _ _ _ _

Host ID (24 bits)

Network ID10 _ _ _ _ _ _._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Host ID(16 bits)

Class A

Class B

Class CNetwork ID110_ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Host ID(8 bits)

Class ASubnetting

OptionsCIDR- classless Inter Domain Routing

Class BSubnetting

Options

Class CSubnetting

Options

Practical Example

6 Nodes

23 Nodes

19 Nodes

17 Nodes

14 Nodes

10 Nodes

VLSM Exercise 1192.168.20.0 /24

Internet

14 Nodes

Do we have enough addresses?

• How many addresses have been allocated?

• How many are needed?

Address Allocation

• Total Address Needed:

LANs = 14+10+19+23+6+17+14 = 103

WANs = 2+2+2+2+2+2=12

Total = 103 + 12 = 115

Understanding IP Requirements

• Subnetworks on the LAN/WAN need to be issued using perfect powers of 2

• 22 = 4• 23 = 8• 24 = 16• 25 = 32• 26 = 64• 27 = 128

Scaling Subnets

• With a requirement of 23 nodes…• The next perfect power of 2 that meets this

need = 32• 25 = 32 5 host bits needed• Last Octet is then represented as:

– A.B.C.NNNHHHHH N=Network H=Host– 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000

Subnetting Examples

SubnetMask SubnetMask # Hosts255.255.255.0 /24 256 (254)255.255.255.128 /25 128 (126)255.255.255.192 /26 64 (62)255.255.255.224 /27 32 (30)255.255.255.240 /28 16 (14)255.255.255.248 /29 8 (6)255.255.255.252 /30 4 (2)

Practical Example

6 Nodes

23 Nodes

19 Nodes

17 Nodes

14 Nodes

10 Nodes

VLSM Exercise 1192.168.20.0 /24

Internet

14 Nodes

/30/30

Address Allocation

• Total Addresses Needed:

LANs = 16+16+32+32+8+32+16 = 152= /28 + /28 + /27 + /27 + /29 + /27 + /28 = 152WANs = 4+4+4+4+4+4 = 24= /30 + /30 + /30 + /30 + /30 + /30 = 24Total = 152 + 24 = 176

Reference Points

• Use numbers, symbols, letters to represent each LAN / WAN link

• Use some consistent method for assignment– Size of Subnetwork– Location– Zone or Distribution Point

6 Nodes

23 Nodes

19 Nodes

17 Nodes

14 Nodes

10 Nodes

VLSM Exercise 1192.168.20.0 /24

Internet

14 Nodes

/30/30

Problem!

• The 192.168.20.0 /24 network gives us:– 1 Network– 254 Nodes Available for Assignment

• 13 Subnetworks Required• Network Demands range from 4 – 32

nodes per LAN / WAN segment

Start Subnetting

192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Subnetting

Largest Network required = /2732 Nodes

192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 3 = 8

2 5 = 32

Subnetting

Largest Network required = /2732 Nodes

2 3 = 8

2 5 = 32

192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Net Host

Box Diagram Alternate

192.168.20.0 /24

Address Range

192.168.20.0 /24

/25 /25

192.168.20.0 /24

126 Nodes

192.168.20.0 /24

126 Nodes

62 Nodes 62 Nodes

/25 /25

/26 /26

192.168.20.0 /24

126 Nodes

30 Nodes62 Nodes

/26/2730 Nodes

192.168.20.0 /24

/25 /25

/26 /26

/27 /27

23 Nodes

19 Nodes

192.168.20.0 /24

126 Nodes

30 Nodes62 Nodes

/26/27

30 Nodes.159

192.168.20.0 /24

126 Nodes

30 Nodes

62 Nodes

/26/27

30 Nodes.159

192.168.20.0 /24

126 Nodes

30 Nodes.191

30 Nodes.159

30 Nodes

.224/27

30 Nodes

6 Nodes

23 Nodes

19 Nodes

17 Nodes

14 Nodes

10 Nodes

VLSM Exercise 1192.168.20.0 /24

Internet

14 Nodes

/30/30

192.168.20.0 /24

126 Nodes

30 Nodes.191

30 Nodes.159

30 Nodes

.240/28

14 Nodes4 /28

192.168.20.0 /24

30 Nodes.191

30 Nodes.159

30 Nodes

.240/28

14 Nodes4 /28

192.168.20.0 /24

30 Nodes.191

30 Nodes.159

30 Nodes

.240/28

14 Nodes

192.168.20.0 /24

30 Nodes.191

30 Nodes.159

30 Nodes

.240/28

14 Nodes

/28.103

192.168.20.0 /24

30 Nodes.191

30 Nodes.159

30 Nodes

.240/28

14 Nodes

/26.112

.1037 /29

.127/30 /30 /30

/30 /30

192.168.20.0 /24

30 Nodes.191

30 Nodes.159

30 Nodes

.240/28

14 Nodes

/26.112

.1037 /29

.1278 9

/30/30

/30 /30 /30

6 Nodes

23 Nodes

19 Nodes

17 Nodes

14 Nodes

10 Nodes

VLSM Exercise 1192.168.20.0 /24

Internet

14 Nodes

/30/30

More Tools…

IP Addressing/Subnetting Simplified6 Nodes 23 Nodes 19 Nodes 17 Nodes 14 Nodes 10 Nodes. VLSM...

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