IP Addressing/Subnetting Simplified6 Nodes 23 Nodes 19 Nodes 17 Nodes 14 Nodes 10 Nodes. VLSM...
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IP Addressing/Subnetting Simplified
Transcript of IP Addressing/Subnetting Simplified6 Nodes 23 Nodes 19 Nodes 17 Nodes 14 Nodes 10 Nodes. VLSM...
IP Addressing/Subnetting Simplified
Classes of IP addressClass IP
addressNetwork ID Host ID
A (0-127) w.x.y.z w (start with bit 0) x.y.zB (128-191) w.x.y.z w.x (start with bit 1 0) y.zC (192-223) w.x.y.z w.x.y (start with bit 110) z
Network ID0_ _ _ _ _ _ _
Host ID (24 bits)
Network ID110_ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Host ID(8 bits)
Network ID10 _ _ _ _ _ _._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Host ID(16 bits)
Class A
Class B
Class C
Classes of IP addressClass Number of Networks Number of Hosts per network
A (0-127) 126 (27 - 2) 16,777,214 (224 - 2) 16 million
B (128-191) 16382 (214 - 2) 65534 (216 - 2)C (192-223) 2,097,150 (221 - 2)
2Million254 (28 - 1)
Network ID0_ _ _ _ _ _ _
Host ID (24 bits)
Network ID10 _ _ _ _ _ _._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Host ID(16 bits)
Class A
Class B
Class CNetwork ID110_ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Host ID(8 bits)
Class ASubnetting
OptionsCIDR- classless Inter Domain Routing
Class BSubnetting
Options
Class CSubnetting
Options
Practical Example
6 Nodes
23 Nodes
19 Nodes
17 Nodes
14 Nodes
10 Nodes
VLSM Exercise 1192.168.20.0 /24
Internet
14 Nodes
Do we have enough addresses?
• How many addresses have been allocated?
• How many are needed?
Address Allocation
• Total Address Needed:
LANs = 14+10+19+23+6+17+14 = 103
WANs = 2+2+2+2+2+2=12
Total = 103 + 12 = 115
Understanding IP Requirements
• Subnetworks on the LAN/WAN need to be issued using perfect powers of 2
• 22 = 4• 23 = 8• 24 = 16• 25 = 32• 26 = 64• 27 = 128
Scaling Subnets
• With a requirement of 23 nodes…• The next perfect power of 2 that meets this
need = 32• 25 = 32 5 host bits needed• Last Octet is then represented as:
– A.B.C.NNNHHHHH N=Network H=Host– 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000
Subnetting Examples
SubnetMask SubnetMask # Hosts255.255.255.0 /24 256 (254)255.255.255.128 /25 128 (126)255.255.255.192 /26 64 (62)255.255.255.224 /27 32 (30)255.255.255.240 /28 16 (14)255.255.255.248 /29 8 (6)255.255.255.252 /30 4 (2)
Practical Example
6 Nodes
23 Nodes
19 Nodes
17 Nodes
14 Nodes
10 Nodes
VLSM Exercise 1192.168.20.0 /24
Internet
14 Nodes
/28
/28
/27
/27
/28
/27
/29
/30/30
/30/30
/30
/30
Address Allocation
• Total Addresses Needed:
LANs = 16+16+32+32+8+32+16 = 152= /28 + /28 + /27 + /27 + /29 + /27 + /28 = 152WANs = 4+4+4+4+4+4 = 24= /30 + /30 + /30 + /30 + /30 + /30 = 24Total = 152 + 24 = 176
Reference Points
• Use numbers, symbols, letters to represent each LAN / WAN link
• Use some consistent method for assignment– Size of Subnetwork– Location– Zone or Distribution Point
1
6 Nodes
23 Nodes
19 Nodes
17 Nodes
14 Nodes
10 Nodes
VLSM Exercise 1192.168.20.0 /24
Internet
14 Nodes
/28
/28
/27
/27
/28
/27
/29
/30/30
/30/30
/30
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Problem!
• The 192.168.20.0 /24 network gives us:– 1 Network– 254 Nodes Available for Assignment
• 13 Subnetworks Required• Network Demands range from 4 – 32
nodes per LAN / WAN segment
Start Subnetting
192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Subnetting
Largest Network required = /2732 Nodes
192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 3 = 8
2 5 = 32
Subnetting
Largest Network required = /2732 Nodes
2 3 = 8
2 5 = 32
192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Net Host
Box Diagram Alternate
.0
.255
192.168.20.0 /24
Address Range
.0
.255
192.168.20.0 /24
.0
.255
192.168.20.0 /24
.127
.128
.0
.255
192.168.20.0 /24
.127
.128
/24
/25 /25
.0
.255
192.168.20.0 /24
.127
.128
/25
/25
126 Nodes
126 Nodes
.0
.255
192.168.20.0 /24
.127
.128
/25
/26
126 Nodes
62 Nodes 62 Nodes
.191
.192
/26
/24
/25 /25
/26 /26
.0
.255
192.168.20.0 /24
.127
.128
/25
/27
126 Nodes
30 Nodes62 Nodes
.191
.192
/26/2730 Nodes
.159
.160
.0
.255
192.168.20.0 /24
.127
.128
.191
.192
.159
.160
/24
/25 /25
/26 /26
/27 /27
23 Nodes
19 Nodes
/27
/27
/30
1
2
9
.0
.255
192.168.20.0 /24
.127
.128
/25
/27
126 Nodes
30 Nodes62 Nodes
.191
.192
/26/27
30 Nodes.159
.160
1
.0
.255
192.168.20.0 /24
.127
.128
/25
/27
126 Nodes
30 Nodes
62 Nodes
.191
.192
/26/27
30 Nodes.159
.160
1
2
.0
.255
192.168.20.0 /24
.127
.128
/25
/27
126 Nodes
30 Nodes.191
.192
/27
30 Nodes.159
.160
1
2
/27
30 Nodes
3
.223
.224/27
30 Nodes
6 Nodes
23 Nodes
19 Nodes
17 Nodes
14 Nodes
10 Nodes
VLSM Exercise 1192.168.20.0 /24
Internet
14 Nodes
/28
/28
/27
/27
/28
/27
/29
/30/30
/30/30
/30
/30
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.0
.255
192.168.20.0 /24
.127
.128
/25
/27
126 Nodes
30 Nodes.191
.192
/27
30 Nodes.159
.160
1
2
/27
30 Nodes
3
.223
.224
.239
.240/28
14 Nodes4 /28
.0
.255
192.168.20.0 /24
.127
.128
/27
30 Nodes.191
.192
/27
30 Nodes.159
.160
1
2
/27
30 Nodes
3
.223
.224
.239
.240/28
14 Nodes4 /28
.63
.64
.95
.96
/27
/27
/26
.0
.255
192.168.20.0 /24
.127
.128
/27
30 Nodes.191
.192
/27
30 Nodes.159
.160
1
2
/27
30 Nodes
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.223
.224
.239
.240/28
14 Nodes
4 /28
.63
.64
.95
.96
/27
/28
14 Nodes
5/28
14 Nodes
6
.79
.80
/26
.0
.255
192.168.20.0 /24
.127
.128
/27
30 Nodes.191
.192
/27
30 Nodes.159
.160
1
2
/27
30 Nodes
3
.223
.224
.239
.240/28
14 Nodes
4 /28
.63
.64
.95
.96
/28
14 Nodes
5/28
14 Nodes
6
.79
.80
/26
.111
.112
/28.103
.104
7 /29
/29
.0
.255
192.168.20.0 /24
.128
/27
30 Nodes.191
.192
/27
30 Nodes.159
.160
1
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/27
30 Nodes
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.223
.224
.239
.240/28
14 Nodes
4 /28
.63
.64
.95
.96
/28
14 Nodes
5/28
14 Nodes
6
.79
.80
/26.112
.1037 /29
/30
.115
.116
.119
.120
.123
.104
.107
.108
.111
.124
.127/30 /30 /30
/30 /30
.0
.255
192.168.20.0 /24
.128
/27
30 Nodes.191
.192
/27
30 Nodes.159
.160
1
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/27
30 Nodes
3
.223
.224
.239
.240/28
14 Nodes
4 /28
.63
.64
.95
.96
/28
14 Nodes
5/28
14 Nodes
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.79
.80
/26.112
.1037 /29
/30
.115
.116
.119
.120
.123
.104
.107
.108
.111
.124
.1278 9
10 11
12 13
/30/30
/30 /30 /30
6 Nodes
23 Nodes
19 Nodes
17 Nodes
14 Nodes
10 Nodes
VLSM Exercise 1192.168.20.0 /24
Internet
14 Nodes
/28
/28
/27
/27
/28
/27
/29
/30/30
/30/30
/30
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