Post on 25-Dec-2015
Introduction to Cell Biology Part 1:
•Cell Theory,•Compartmentalization, •Cell Type •Cell Geography,•Cell Size
The history of cell study
Robert Hooke, an early microscopist, in 1665, coined the word “cell” after looking at cork through an early “compound microscope”.
Robert Hooke, an early microscopist, in 1665, coined the word “cell” after looking at cork through an early “compound microscope”.
The history of cell study
In 1675 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, an amateur Dutch scientist, discovered microscopic “animalcules”in water. Looking at tooth plaque, he first to discover bacteria; 1000x smaller.
In 1675 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, an amateur Dutch scientist, discovered microscopic “animalcules”in water. Looking at tooth plaque, he first to discover bacteria; 1000x smaller.
The history of cell study
Robert Brown, an English botanist, in 1831, was the first to call the dark, “nut-like” body in the center of most of the cells he observed a "nucleus”. (Find them…)
Robert Brown, an English botanist, in 1831, was the first to call the dark, “nut-like” body in the center of most of the cells he observed a "nucleus”. (Find them…)
The history of cell study
Theodor Schwan, a German botanist, in 1838, after viewing animal and plant cells surmised that “all organisms consist of one or more cells” and that “cells are the basic unit of structure for all organisms”.
Theodor Schwan, a German botanist, in 1838, after viewing animal and plant cells surmised that “all organisms consist of one or more cells” and that “cells are the basic unit of structure for all organisms”.
The history of cell study
At about the same time, Mattias Schleiden concluded from his observations that “cells must be the fundamental unit of life”.
At about the same time, Mattias Schleiden concluded from his observations that “cells must be the fundamental unit of life”.
The history of cell study
Rudolf Virchow, a German physiologist, in 1858, added the observation that “all cells arise only from preexisting cells.” Which supported the new theory of “biogenesis”, being advanced by Pasteur, that “life comes from life.”
Rudolf Virchow, a German physiologist, in 1858, added the observation that “all cells arise only from preexisting cells.” Which supported the new theory of “biogenesis”, being advanced by Pasteur, that “life comes from life.”
The history of cell study
1- All living things (organisms) are composed of one or more cells.
2- Cells are the basic unit of organization (structure and function) of organisms.
3- All cells come from preexisting cells.
1- All living things (organisms) are composed of one or more cells.
2- Cells are the basic unit of organization (structure and function) of organisms.
3- All cells come from preexisting cells.
Cell Theory, 1860’s
An Essential Requirement for Life: Why is Life Organized into
Cells?
The ultimate goal of life is to …
To do this, it is necessary to…
And to… Which requires the ability to…
Requiring… Requiring…Requiring…
Creating…
produce copies of itself… because life is mortal have and pass on information to the next generation to grow synthesize the correct complex molecules chemical raw materials, the ability acquire matter, energy that must be harvested energy from its environment, wastes that must be gotten rid of.
Why is Life Organized into Cells?
The Solution!
…closed sac…
A cell.
Attributes of CellsAll cells can be separated into two
classifications based on their attributes:
•Prokaryotic –
•Eukaryotic -
All cells can be separated into two classifications based on their attributes:
•Prokaryotic –
•Eukaryotic -
Cell Types
Attributes of Cells
Pro~kary~ote or Before~Kernal or NutPro~kary~ote or Before~Kernal or Nut
Cell Types
Small cells without internal membrane bound compartments or structures. Their DNA forms a loop rather than linear segments. Eubacteria (new), archaebacteria (old) are single celled prokaryotes.
Attributes of Cells
Eu~kary~ote or Good~Kernal or NutEu~kary~ote or Good~Kernal or Nut
Cell Types
Cells having internal membrane boundcompartments and structures(example~ nucleus containing linearchromosomes ). The Animals, plants,fungi and protists are multi and singlecelled Eukaryotes.
Cell “Compartment”
Cell “membrane”
Cell “nucleus”
Cell “cytoplasm”
Cell “cytoskeleton”
Cell Geography: Eukaryote
Cell “Compartment”
Cell “membrane”
nucleiod region (DNA)
Cell “cytoplasm”
Cell “wall”
Cell Geography: Prokaryote
CapsuleFlagellum
Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote
Lacking compartments vs.
Having many compartments
Attributes of Cells
Most living cells range in size from bacteria @ 1 µm to a hens egg @ 50,000 µm. (µm ~ micrometer, 10-6 M)
Most living cells range in size from bacteria @ 1 µm to a hens egg @ 50,000 µm. (µm ~ micrometer, 10-6 M)
Cell size
Kind of Cell Approximate SizeBacteria (E. coli) 1 umRed Blood Cell 8 umElodea epidermal cell 65 umAmoeba 700 umHen's egg 50,000 um
Kind of Cell Approximate SizeBacteria (E. coli) 1 umRed Blood Cell 8 umElodea epidermal cell 65 umAmoeba 700 umHen's egg 50,000 um
Cell size
Cell size
50 micrometerswritten as µm
Cell size
5 micrometers (µm)
A false-color SEM photo of a Paramecium
Cell size
5 micrometers (µm)
A false-color SEM photo of mitochondria
Cell size
0.5 micrometers (µm)
Basal Bodies of CiliaCell size
Ribosome –A cellularProtein Factory
0.05 micrometers (µm)
Cell size