Post on 23-Feb-2016
description
Pr Jean François DelfraissyDr Bernadette Murgue
Institut de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses (IMMI)
New Challenges in Infectious Diseases
CEA CHRU
CNRS
CPU INRA
INRIA INSERM
INSTITUT PASTEUR
IRD
2
% of deaths18%
15%
31%
36%PneumoniaDiarrhoeaOther infectionsNon infectious
Infectious diseases account for 26% of all deaths worldwide
Leading cause of mortality in ressources limited countries
Two-thirds of worldwide deaths
in children <5 years old
The Heavy Burden of Infectious Diseases
CEA CHRU
CNRS
CPU INRA
INRIA INSERM
INSTITUT PASTEUR
IRD
New pathogens and diseases: 1983-2010
Year Agent Disease
1983 HIV AIDS 1983 Helicobacter pylori Peptic ulcer disease 1985 Enterocytozoon bieneusi Microsporidiosis 1986 Cyclospora cayatenensis Cyclosporidiosis 1988 Human Herpes 6 Roseola infantum 1988 Hepatitis E virus Hepatitis E 1989 Ehrlichia chaffeensis Ehrlichiosis 1989 Hepatitis C virus Hepatitis C 1989 Guanarito virus Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever 1992 Bartonella henselae Cat scratch disease 1993 Sin nombre virus Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
1 994 Sabia virus Brazilian hemorrhagic fever 1995 Human herpesvirus 8 Kaposi sarcoma 1997 H5N1 1999 Nipah virus Nipah virus disease 2003 SARS Coronavirus SARS
2009
A/H1N1v
Influenza pandemic
Avian influenza
2010… NDM-1 Multiresistant bacteria
2…. ??? ???
CEA CHRU
CNRS
CPU INRA
INRIA INSERM
INSTITUT PASTEUR
IRD
Emergence: a global threat
– Newly apparent in the human population
e.g. AIDS, Ebola, SRAS, H5N1, H1N1
– Rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range e.g.
dengue, chikungunya, West Nile
– Multiresistant pathogens e.g Tuberculosis
NDM-1, E. Coli (O 104)
CEA CHRU
CNRS
CPU INRA
INRIA INSERM
INSTITUT PASTEUR
IRD
Medical and Scientific challenges (1)• Resistance : Tuberculosis, Bacteria, MDR…
• Transmission of infection (mechanisms, nosocomial…)
• Vaccination: new vaccines, immunity, SHS…
• Emerging diseases; zoonosis, human ecology, biodiversity
• Infectious agents and non infectious diseases: cancer,
cardiovascular, obesity, allergy, inflammation,…
• The commensal microbiota : from homeostasis to disease
• The big 3 : HIV, Tuberculosis, Malaria
CEA CHRU
CNRS
CPU INRA
INRIA INSERM
INSTITUT PASTEUR
IRD
Medical and Scientific challenges (2)
• Discovery of new viruses, new bacteria
• New technologies : deep sequencing, omics…
• Molecular basis of host defense
• Microbial and host biodiversity
• Biomarkers, Point of care, Pharmacogenomics
CEA CHRU
CNRS
CPU INRA
INRIA INSERM
INSTITUT PASTEUR
IRD
Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesKey points : France 2011
• Main Institutions : Institut Pasteur, Inserm, CNRS, IRD• Others : ANRS, CEA, CIRAD, INRA, Universités• 12% of French research forces: 300 teams, 2000 Scientists &
Technical staff• 18% French biomedical publications: 5000 publications per
year• 1 Network of vaccine research centres• Translationnal and clinical research: 35 clinical units
involved, including HIV and hepatits• 4 large research network in ressources limited countries
French International Research Network