Institut de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses (IMMI)
description
Transcript of Institut de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses (IMMI)
Pr Jean François DelfraissyDr Bernadette Murgue
Institut de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses (IMMI)
New Challenges in Infectious Diseases
CEA CHRU
CNRS
CPU INRA
INRIA INSERM
INSTITUT PASTEUR
IRD
2
% of deaths18%
15%
31%
36%PneumoniaDiarrhoeaOther infectionsNon infectious
Infectious diseases account for 26% of all deaths worldwide
Leading cause of mortality in ressources limited countries
Two-thirds of worldwide deaths
in children <5 years old
The Heavy Burden of Infectious Diseases
CEA CHRU
CNRS
CPU INRA
INRIA INSERM
INSTITUT PASTEUR
IRD
New pathogens and diseases: 1983-2010
Year Agent Disease
1983 HIV AIDS 1983 Helicobacter pylori Peptic ulcer disease 1985 Enterocytozoon bieneusi Microsporidiosis 1986 Cyclospora cayatenensis Cyclosporidiosis 1988 Human Herpes 6 Roseola infantum 1988 Hepatitis E virus Hepatitis E 1989 Ehrlichia chaffeensis Ehrlichiosis 1989 Hepatitis C virus Hepatitis C 1989 Guanarito virus Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever 1992 Bartonella henselae Cat scratch disease 1993 Sin nombre virus Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
1 994 Sabia virus Brazilian hemorrhagic fever 1995 Human herpesvirus 8 Kaposi sarcoma 1997 H5N1 1999 Nipah virus Nipah virus disease 2003 SARS Coronavirus SARS
2009
A/H1N1v
Influenza pandemic
Avian influenza
2010… NDM-1 Multiresistant bacteria
2…. ??? ???
CEA CHRU
CNRS
CPU INRA
INRIA INSERM
INSTITUT PASTEUR
IRD
Emergence: a global threat
– Newly apparent in the human population
e.g. AIDS, Ebola, SRAS, H5N1, H1N1
– Rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range e.g.
dengue, chikungunya, West Nile
– Multiresistant pathogens e.g Tuberculosis
NDM-1, E. Coli (O 104)
CEA CHRU
CNRS
CPU INRA
INRIA INSERM
INSTITUT PASTEUR
IRD
Medical and Scientific challenges (1)• Resistance : Tuberculosis, Bacteria, MDR…
• Transmission of infection (mechanisms, nosocomial…)
• Vaccination: new vaccines, immunity, SHS…
• Emerging diseases; zoonosis, human ecology, biodiversity
• Infectious agents and non infectious diseases: cancer,
cardiovascular, obesity, allergy, inflammation,…
• The commensal microbiota : from homeostasis to disease
• The big 3 : HIV, Tuberculosis, Malaria
CEA CHRU
CNRS
CPU INRA
INRIA INSERM
INSTITUT PASTEUR
IRD
Medical and Scientific challenges (2)
• Discovery of new viruses, new bacteria
• New technologies : deep sequencing, omics…
• Molecular basis of host defense
• Microbial and host biodiversity
• Biomarkers, Point of care, Pharmacogenomics
CEA CHRU
CNRS
CPU INRA
INRIA INSERM
INSTITUT PASTEUR
IRD
Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesKey points : France 2011
• Main Institutions : Institut Pasteur, Inserm, CNRS, IRD• Others : ANRS, CEA, CIRAD, INRA, Universités• 12% of French research forces: 300 teams, 2000 Scientists &
Technical staff• 18% French biomedical publications: 5000 publications per
year• 1 Network of vaccine research centres• Translationnal and clinical research: 35 clinical units
involved, including HIV and hepatits• 4 large research network in ressources limited countries
French International Research Network