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EIA-EMP report for integrated Sugar, Ethanol & Cogeneration Power Project of M/s. Indian Sugar Manufacturing Co. Ltd. (Unit-2) A/p -Turk Pimpari, Tq-Barshi, Dist-Solapur
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C O N T E N T S
Chapter Topic
Executive Summary English
Executive Summary Marathi
1. Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Project of Glance
1.3 Project Justification
1.4 Availability of Raw Materials
1.5 Project Location
1.6 Purpose of the Report
1.7 Terms of reference (TOR) Approved by MoEF
1.8 Scope of EIA
1.9 Methodology
1.10 Organization of Report
2. Project Description
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Location
2.3 Project Components
2.4 Cascading Pollution
2.5 Mitigation Measures
2.6 Proposed schedule for approval and implementation
3. Baseline Environment
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials
3.3 The Region
3.4 Micro-Meteorology
3.5 Air Environment
3.6 Noise Environment
3.7 Water environment
3.8 Flora & founa
3.9 Soil Environment
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3.10 Remote Sensing & GIS Study
3.11 Socio Economic Environment
3.12 Hydrogeology
3.13 Seismicity
4. Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Impacts during Construction Phase & Mitigation Measures
4.3 Impacts during Operation Phase
5. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM
5.0 Post Project Environmental Monitoring
5.1 Monitoring and Reporting Procedure
5.2 Environmental Laboratory Equipment
5.3 Environmental Management Group
6. Additional Studies
(Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan)
6.1 Risk Assessment
6.2 Disaster Management Plan (DMP)
7. PROJECT BENEFITS
7.0 Benefits
7.1 Improvement in Physical Infrastructure
7.2 Improvement in Social Infrastructure
7.3 Places of Historical Importance
7.4 Multiplier Effect
7.5 Aesthetic Environment
7.6 Other tangible benefits
8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Objectives of Environmental Management Plan
8.3 Checklist of Statutory Obligations
8.4 Environment Management Cell (EMC)
8.5 Construction Phase Environment Management
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8.6 Operational Phase Air Environment Management
8.7 Operational Phase Water Environment & Management
8.8 Noise Environment
8.9 Biological Environment
8.10 Land Environment
8.11 Ash Management
8.12 Green Belt
8.13 Occupational Safety & Health
8.14 Socio-Economic Welfare Activities
8.15 Risk Assessment for Storage & Transportation of Ethanol
8.16 Environmental Monitoring Schedule
8.17 Environmental Budget
8.18 Corporate social responsibility (CSR)
9. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
10. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS
Annexures
EIA-EMP report for integrated Sugar, Ethanol & Cogeneration Power Project of M/s. Indian Sugar Manufacturing Co. Ltd. (Unit-2) A/p -Turk Pimpari, Tq-Barshi, Dist-Solapur
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
India is the largest consumer and second largest producer of sugar in the world. The
sufficient and well-distributed monsoon rains, rapid population growth and substantial
increase in sugar production capacity have combined to make India the largest
consumer and second largest producer of sugar in the world. The sugar factories
located in various parts of the country work as nuclei for development of rural areas
by mobilizing rural resources and generating employment, transport and
communication facilities.
Sugar is produced in around 122 countries across the world. It is extracted from two
different raw materials, sugarcane and sugar beet. Sugarcane is cultivated under
tropical climates, while sugar beet is grown in temperate regions. Around 78 per cent
of the sugar produced in the world is created from sugarcane, with beet sugar
accounting for the rest. The Indian sugar industry is the second largest agro-industry
located in the rural India. The Indian sugar industry has a turnover of Rs. 700 billion
per annum and it contributes almost Rs. 22.5 billion to the central and state
exchequer as tax, cess, and excise duty every year (Source: Ministry of Food,
Government of India).
The increasing demand for Sugar, co-generation and Ethanol favor the sugar industry.
Deregulation of sugar business in developed countries lead to reduction of import
restriction. Migration of people to urban areas results in increase in per capita
consumption. Global environmental concerns favor renewable fuels like ethanol.
Consolidation of mills leads to increase in scale and lower production cost. Finally, ever
growing demand for energy creates opportunity for biomass power generation.
The sugar industry in India is essentially a production driven; the demand growth in
the industry is stable and changes in prices and stock level are directed by changes in
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the production level. The industry resorts to export in the times of surplus and import
during the time of deficit. The price of sugar for captive consumption goes down
during the surplus periods and export is the only way out.
1.2 Project at a Glance
Indian Sugar Mfg. Co. Limited, (Unit No-2) (ISMCL-2) is a Public Limited Company,
promoted by a well known group of Sugar Experts, Entrepreneur, Industrialist and
progressive agriculturist of Maharashtra led by Shri. Ranjitsingh Babanrao Shinde,
Chairman and Managing Director of the Company. ISMCL-02 have proposed to New
Establishment of sugar, co-generation and distillery project with production capacity of
sugar plant 5000TCD, co-generation power plant 25MW and 60KLPD distillery unit at
A/p- Turk Pimpari, Tq-Barshi, Dist-Solapur
This sugar factory is proposed to be set-up by the well known sugar experts group led
by Shri Ranjitsingh B. Shinde who is a Chemical Engineer by education and is also a
Chairman of Indian Sugar Mfg. Co. Ltd., a Public Limited Company & Director of a Co-
operative Sugar Factory from Maharashtra. i.e. Shri Vitthalrao Shinde S.S.K.Ltd.,
Madha. Shri Vitthalrao Shinde S.S.K.Ltd. is led by the expertise of Shinde Family, Shri
Babanrao Shinde, MLA of Madha Tehsil of Solapur district is Chairman of this Factory.
This factory has won many national and state level awards for their excellent financial
management, technical excellence and for various other parameters. The technical
and management team of ISMCL-2 is –
Table 1.1 Identification of Project proponent and technical team
Sr. Name Designation
1 Ranjit Babanrao Chairman & M.D.
2 Pranita Ranjit Director
3 Santosh Director
4 Ranjeet S. General Manager
5 Dattatray K. Tekale Works Manager
6 Arvind A. Chief Chemist
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7 Shantaram A. Chief Agriculture
8 Sahaji Giram Finance Manager
9 Kailas Mate Assi. Gen.
There are three sugar factories in this area at present, the farmers of Barshi & Madha
Taluka are still in need of one higher capacity sugar factory of at least 7500 TCD
capacity. To grab the opportunity, ISMCL-2 has decided to set-up new sugar factory of
5000 TCD crushing capacity with 25MW co-generation and 60KLPD distillery unit;
company would be highly benefited from rising power purchase prices and shall be
able to reap the benefit of this market trend for a long time. The estimated project
cost is Rs.234.89Cr (Sugar plant =98.93 Cr + Cogen unit=75.43Cr +Distillery plant =
60.53 Cr).
1.3 Project Justification
Taking into the account the potentiality of the sugar industry, requirement of Ethanol
for addition into petroleum fuels and the incentives being offered by the present state
government, ISMCL-2 has decided to set up an Integrated Sugar Complex having
capacity of 5000TCD with 25MW Cogeneration and 60 KLPD Distillery in Maharashtra.
The integrated project comprises of a sugar factory for manufacture of white
plantation sugar from mixed juice, thereby making available entire bagasse for the
cogen power plant & molasses generated during manufacture of sugar, for the ethanol
plant. The command area of the proposed sugar factory has excellent irrigation
facilities, availability and potential for sustained cane supply & biomass materials like
cane trash, maize cobs & rice husk for operating the cogen power plant during off-
season.
1.3.1 Exploitable By-products: Bagasse and molasses are the two most important by-products of the sugar industry.
Where as Bagasse is primarily used to meet the captive requirement of fuel, a
substantial quantity of it can be saved to produce products like paper, particle boards
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etc. In addition, the Bagasse can also be used for cogeneration of power by the sugar
industry. Similarly, molasses, an important by-product of the sugar industry, is used
extensively for the manufacture of ethyl alcohol and alcohol based downstream
chemicals in addition to manufacture of potable alcohol.
Bagasse-
To increase the viability of sugar plant, alternate means of earning revenue like,
surplus power generation and export to Govt. Electricity Grid needs to be considered.
The requirements of co-generation from Bagasse in sugar mill are as under:
Ø Co-Generation is less polluting source of energy.
Ø It is cost effective.
Ø It is regenerating whereas in thermal generation, coal stocks are limited.
Ø Bagasse co-generation is a reliable source of energy and it does not need any
transportation of fuel material as in thermal power, since raw material like
Bagasse, Cane trash etc. are available within the cane command area.
Ø Sugar factories are situated in rural area and if co-generated power is utilized in
local area for agricultural development and small scale industries it shall give
rural social and economic upliftment.
Ø Sugar factories have potential for this work as they have got the staff trained in
this field and by the experience in this field, they can augment the staff and
machineries to achieve the surplus power generation.
Sugarcane contains in standard form are 70 % water, 14 % fiber, 13.3 % saccarose
(about 10 to 15 % sucrose), and 2.7 % soluble impurities. The solids in turn comprise
of soluble solids mainly sucrose and fibre. The woody fibre of the cane is known as
Bagasse and is about 30-32% of the wet weight of the sugarcane. This Bagasse is
being used as fuel for the boilers in the sugar mills.
With numerous other advantages like reduction in the transportation of fuel and
reduction in transmission losses, the adjacent power generation plants to the sugar
factory using surplus bagasse generated by these plants is a futuristic source in the
way of India's self-reliance power sector particularly in the rural areas.
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Molasses-
Molasses is the final effluent obtained in the preparation of sugar by repeated
crystallization. It is the end product from a refining process carried out to yield sugar.
Sucrose and invert sugars constitute a major portion (40 to 60%) of molasses. The
yield of molasses per ton of sugarcane varies in the range of 4.0 to 4.85 %. Molasses
is mainly used for the manufacture of ethyl alcohol (ethanol), yeast and cattle feed.
Ethanol is in turn used to produce portable liquor and downstream value added
chemicals such as acetone, acetic acid, butonol, acetic anhydride, MEG etc. Some of
the alcohol based chemicals like MEG, acetic acid, acetone etc. face stiff competition
from production through the petro-chemicals route.
Nearly 70% molasses produced are consumed by the industrial alcohol manufacturers
and the remaining 30% is consumed by the portable alcohol sector. Since, ISMCL-2 is
also installing a distillery and shall captively consume the molasses for production of
alcohol; there shall be no saleable production of molasses. The molasses will be
converted into Rectified Spirit in the distillery, which shall in turn be dehydrating into
Ethanol.
1.4 Availability of Raw Materials
The Barshi (west side)/Madha Taluka of Solapur district is highly irrigated taluka in
Maharashtra State. The Ujjani Dam on the Bhima River and Lift Irrigation from Sina
River has provided irrigation facilities to the lands around Barshi (west side)/Madha
Taluka. Thus, there is increasing trend for the sugarcane production and area under
cultivation of sugar cane. Out of 52000 ha irrigated land at present the sugarcane is
grown in nearly 35000 ha. of land with an average yield of 100 MTs per ha. and
producing around 35.00 lakh tones of sugarcane.
Moreover, the sugar cane production is increasing every year due to canal, lift and
well irrigation. The sugarcane requirement of the Indian Sugar Limited at 5000 TCD
would be hardly 26 % of the currently available sugarcane of Madha & Barshi(west
side) Tehsil alone and sugarcane from nearby Tehsil like Mohol, Karmala Pandharpur
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etc. shall be additional available of raw material. In terms of making the ISMCL-2, self
sustaining and globally competitive under the present Government Policies and the
guidelines of the Ministry of Environment & Forests as discussed in above sections, the
proposed project is justified.
1.5 Project Location
The Sugar Unit of the company is very ideally located, it is in the mid of traditional
cane growing area and is surrounded by large sugarcane growing area where the
transportation cost of sugarcane from farm to factory site would be lowest.
Figure 1.1 Location Map
Figure 1.2 Google Image
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Table 1.2 Location of the project
1.
Registered
Office
Address
A/p- Nimgaon (T), Tq-Madha, Dist-Solapur.
2.
Project site
M/s INDIAN SUGAR MANUFACTURING
COMPANY LIMITED – UNIT 2, Gat No. 160,
Village: Turk Pimpari
Tal- Barshi , Dist- Solapur ( M.S.)
3. Latitude &
longitude
Latitude: 18001’31" N , Longitude:
75037’18"E
4
Factory
Registration
no.
Reg. No.-U15420PN2011PLC138268, Dtd–
26.04.2011.
Registered with ROC – Pune (Maharashtra).
5. Nearest
town/city
Barshi town is 30 Km away from factory site.
The Solapur district headquarters is 75 km
away from the site.
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6. National
Highway
Solapur - Pune - Mumbai is 25 km away
from the site
7.
Nearest
Railway
Junction
The nearest railway station, Kurduwadi is 30
km away from the site.
8. Nearest
Airport
Nearest Airport is Solapur & 80 km away
from the site
9. Topography
The factory site has leveled area.
The elevation of about 515 meter above the
sea level.
It is found on the Survey of India Topo sheet
No. 47 O/9 , 47 N/8, 47N/11, 47N/12,
47/N16
Terrain - Flat terrain, Climate- Semi –Arid
10. Surroundings The site is 5 km from Sina river
The Factory site is 15 km away from the city of Madha. A district place Solapur is 75
km away where all the Chief Offices of the Government of Maharashtra are working.
The National Highway of Solapur-Pune-Mumbai is 25 km away from the site. The
nearest railway station, Kurduwadi is 30 km away from the site. And nearest Air Port
i.e. Solapur is just 80 Kms Away from the site. Company proposes to set-up 5000 TCD
sugar plant with 25 MW Co-generation Power Plant.
1.6 Purpose of the report
ISMCL Unit no-02 has received Industrial Entrepreneur’s Memorandum from Ministry
of Industry for establishing Molasses based Distillery for Manufacturing Ethanol of 60
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KLPD vide No. 3661/SIA/IMO/2011, dated 09.12.2011 In the name of Indian Sugar
Manufacturing Company Limited Unit no- 02 (Private Sector).
Keeping in line with the requirement of MoEF and having a high degree of concern, for
the environment and in order to assess the likely impacts arising out of the proposed
project. The purpose of this EIA is to establish the environmental sensitivities, impact
and mitigation measures with respect to the ISMCL-2 proposed to establishment of
sugar, co-generation and distillery project.
The purpose of the preparation of Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) report is not
only to obtain Environment Clearance from Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of
India, New Delhi, but also to understand the likely impacts and to take Environment
Protection measures during and after commissioning of the project.
Objective of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study is to understand the
prevailing physical and biological environment and prepare an EIA report including
Environment Management Plan (EMP) in accordance with the guidelines issued by the
MoEF as a necessary requirement for obtaining environment clearance.
The major objectives of the EIA study are listed below:
1) To study the proposed project activities and establish the present
environmental setting in terms of the baseline environmental and climatic
conditions including likely Air quality, Water quality, Soil condition, Noise
level, Waste generation and measures incorporated to meet
environmental standards.
2) To analysis the lands use pattern, water consumption (water balance),
power consumption, etc. along with the social and health impacts.
3) To assessment of likely or potential environmental impacts of the
proposed activity (like air, water and soil pollution, noise, waste
generation) and the alternatives, including the direct or indirect,
cumulative, short-term and long-term effects.
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4) To prepare environmental management plan to mitigate or ameliorate
negative effects on environment including post implementation
monitoring programme.
1.7 Terms of Reference (ToR) approved by MoEF
The proposal was considered by the Expert Appraisal Committee for Industry, in its 7th
meeting, held on 4th April 2013, to determine the Terms of Reference (TOR) for
Preparation of EIA Report for obtaining Environmental Clearance in accordance with
the provisions of the EIA Notification 2006. Accordingly, MoEF approved the terms of
Reference as per given below:
Table 1.3 Terms of Reference issued by MoEF
Sr.
No.
Terms of Reference (ToR)
1 Executive summary of the project.
2 Detailed break up of the land area along with latest photograph of
the area.
3 Present land use based on satellite imagery.
4 Details of site and information related to environmental setting
within 10 km radius of the project site. A copy of toposheet of the
area indicating reserve forests, wildlife sanctuary, water bodies,
barren land etc.
5 Information regarding eco-sensitive area such as national park /
wildlife sanctuary / biosphere reserves within 10 km radius of
project area.
6 Recommendations from the State Forest Department regarding the
impact of the proposed plant on the surrounding reserve forest.
7 List of existing distillery units in the study area alongwith their
capacity.
8 Number of working days of the distillery unit.
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9 Total cost of the project alongwith total capital cost and recurring
cost/annum for environmental pollution control measures.
10 Manufacturing process details of sugar plant, distillery plant and
CPP alongwith process flow chart.
11 Details of raw materials and source of raw material including sugar
cane/ molasses.
12 Sources and quantity of fuel (coal etc.) for the boiler. Measures to
take care of SO2 emission. A copy of Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) signed with the coal suppliers should be
submitted.
13 Action plan to control ambient air quality as per NAAQES Standards
for PM10,
PM2.5, SO2 and NOX as per GSR 826(E) dated 16th November,
2009.
14 One season site-specific micro-meteorological data using
temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction
and rainfall and AAQ data (except monsoon) for PM10, SO2, NOX
and HC (methane & non methane) should be collected. The
monitoring stations should take into account the predominant wind
direction, population zone and sensitive receptors including, 24
reserved forests. Data for water and noise monitoring should also
be included.
15 Mathematical modeling for calculating the dispersion of air
pollutants and ground level concentration along with emissions
from the boiler.
16 Details of boiler and its capacity. Details of the use of steam from
the boiler.
17 Ground water quality around proposed spent wash storage lagoon
and the project area.
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18 Details of water requirement, water balance chart for Sugar Plant
(5000 TCD), Molasses based Distillery (60 KLPD), Co-generation
plant (25 MW).
19 Measures for conservation water by recycling and reuse to
minimize the fresh water requirement.
20 Water requirement should not exceed 10 Kl/Kl of alcohol (i.e. 600
m3/day) for distillery unit. Source of water supply and prior
‘permission’ for the drawl of total fresh water from the Competent
Authority should be obtained.
21 Hydro-geological study of the area for availability of ground water.
22 Spentwash generation should not exceed 8Kl/ Kl of alcohol
production.
23 Proposed effluent treatment system for molasses based distillery
(spent wash and spent lees), sugar unit as well as CPP and scheme
for achieving ‘zero’ discharge.
24 Lagoon capacity for sugar unit and spent wash.
25 Details of solid waste management including management of boiler
ash. MoU with cement plant for the use of fly ash.
26 Green belt development as per the CPCB guidelines.
27 List of flora and fauna in the study area.
28 Noise levels monitoring at five locations within the study area.
29 Detailed Environment management Plan (EMP) with specific
reference to details of air pollution control system, water &
wastewater management, monitoring frequency, responsibility and
time bound implementation plan for mitigation measure should be
provided.
30 EMP should also include the concept of waste-minimization,
recycle/reuse/recover techniques, Energy conservation, and
natural resource conservation.
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31 Risk assessment for storage and handling of alcohol and mitigation
measure due to fire and explosion and handling areas.
32 Alcohol storage and handling area fire fighting facility as per OISD
norms.
33 Provision of Foam System for fire fighting to control fire from the
alcohol storage tank.
34 Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at plant site should
be included to harvest rainwater from the roof tops and storm
water drains to recharge the ground water.
35 Details of occupational health programme.
36 i) To which chemicals, workers are exposed directly or indirectly.
ii) Whether these chemicals are within Threshold Limit Values
(TLV)/ Permissible Exposure Levels as per ACGIH recommendation.
iii) What measures company have taken to keep these chemicals
within PEL/TLV.
iv) How the workers are evaluated concerning their exposure to
chemicals during pre-placement and periodical medical monitoring.
v) What are onsite and offsite emergency plan during chemical
disaster.
vi) Liver function tests (LFT) during pre-placement and periodical
examination.
vii) Details of occupational health surveillance programme.
37 Details of socio-economic welfare activities.
38 Traffic study of the area for the proposed projects in respect of
existing traffic, type of vehicles, frequency of vehicles for
transportation of materials, additional traffic due to proposed
project, parking arrangement etc.
39 Action plan for post-project environmental monitoring.
40 Corporate Environmental Responsibility
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(a) Does the company have a well laid down Environment Policy
approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the
EIA report.
(b) Does the Environmental Policy prescribe for standard operating
process/procedures to bring into focus any infringement / deviation
/ violation of the environmental or forest norms / conditions? If so,
it may be detailed in the EIA report.
(c) What is the hierarchical system or Administrative order of the
company to deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring
compliance with the EC conditions. Details of this system may be
given.
(d) Does the company have a system of reporting of non
compliance / violations of environmental norms to the Board of
Directors of the company and / or shareholders or stakeholders at
large? This reporting mechanism should be detailed in the EIA
report.
41 Any litigation pending against the project and /or any direction
/order passed by any Court of Law against the project, if so,
details thereof.
42 Public hearing issues raised and commitments made by the project
proponent on the same should be included separately in EIA/EMP
Report in the form of tabular chart with financial budget for
complying with the commitments made.
1.8 Scope of EIA
The study envisages characterization of the existing status of physical environment
such as air, water, soil, land use, meteorology, socio-economic and heritage etc. as
well as biological environment such as flora and fauna of the study area of 10 km
radius and quantifying impacts on the environmental parameters. Based on the study,
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the EIA evaluates the proposed control measures by the project and prepares an
environment management plan, outlining additional proposed activities and delineates
the requirements of environmental monitoring program. EIA study shall cover the
following aspects:
Ø Evaluation of present environmental factors through analysis of generated
and collected baseline data for one complete dry season (3 months).
Ø Assess the probable impact on the environmental factors due to
implementation of the project with respect to existing scenario.
Ø Analyze the predicted impact with respect to the regulatory environmental
standards.
Ø Assess the probable risk at the proposed plant.
Ø Develop an Environmental Management Plan and on site Disaster
Management Plan for the proposed project to mitigate the negative
significant impacts that would arise from the proposed project.
Ø Report shall help to obtain No Objection Certificate for consent to operate
from the State Pollution Control Board.
The baseline data has been collected for the following environmental components,
during September – November 2013:
· Air Quality
· Meteorology
· Noise Environment
· Water Use & Quality
· Soil Quality
· Land Use, Crop Pattern, Agricultural Practices
· Demographic & socio-economic aspects
· Terrestrial & Aquatic ecology
Baseline data on parameters of the above-mentioned aspects over a season provides
means for identifying possible impact-positive as well as adverse. An environmental
impact assessment and environment management plan comprising an overall
assessment of the impact due to project activity over baseline condition of the existing
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environment and a mitigating action plan to counter the adverse impact as defined. An
environmental monitoring program is also prepared to provide scientific support to
future actions of environmental protection.
1.9 Methodology
A study area of 10 km radius with the proposed plant site of ISMCL at the center was
considered for the present study. This study will help to determine the present
environmental status and likely impacts of the proposed unit’s operations, if any in the
region. The most predominant wind direction during study period was considered for
various facts of establishing and the monitoring stations were finalized.
Table: 1.4 Scope of Work for EIA report
Environmental
Attributes
No of
Locations
Observations
Meteorology 1
Hourly observations for Temperature, Relative Humidity,
Wind direction, wind speed & Rain fall during 3 month
study period
AAQ 8
For PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2,Total Hydro carbon for 24
hours duration, 2 times in each week during 12-week
study period
Water 6
3 Surface water Locations
3 Ground water locations (including the place near to
the plant site), Parameters that are analyzed are as per
Analysis of Drinking Water Quality had been carried out
Noise 8 Day and night noise levels once in every location
Ecology
Flora- Fauna &
Ecosystem
Total study period is 90 days. However predicted flora –
fauna also included for non-seasonal plant species
(ephemerals) based on existing secondary data and
field conditions
Land use 10 km Radius
study area
Land use data based on satellite imagery of 10 km
radius study area.
Socio-economic Demography Secondary data from the existing literature (Census
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data & Occupational
Details
2001 & 2011)
1.10 Organisation of Report
The Generic structure of EIA is given in EIA notification dated 14th September, 2006 is
maintained. The EIA report has been divided into following chapters:
Chapter-1 Introduction
This chapter provides background information of the project, brief description and
objectives of the project, description of the area, scope and organisation of the EIA
study.
Chapter-2 Project Description
This chapter deals with the process and specifications of the project. This also deals
with the sources of pollution for the proposed project and proposed control measures.
Chapter-3 Description of the Environment
This chapter presents the methodology and findings of field studies undertaken w.r.t
to meteorology, ambient air, water, soils, noise, and ecology to define the existing
environmental status in the area. Details on land use, socio-economic and hydro-
geology which are presented from published secondary data.
Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts
This chapter highlights the inferences drawn from the environmental impact
assessment. It describes the overall impact of the proposed integrated project and
underscores the areas where applicable environmental standards are expected to be
violated. The impact is assessed after considering both pre-project and post-project
scenario.
Chapter- 5 Environmental Monitoring Program
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The Environmental monitoring requirements for determining the efficiency of the
environmental protection and mitigation measures are delineated in this Chapter along
with required institutional arrangements for ensuring their implementation.
Chapter- 6 Additional Studies
This chapter describes studies carried out as per the specified TOR of the EIA. This
includes a Risk Assessment for the proposed unit along with Social-Economic study,
review of the Safety and Disaster Management Plan proposed for the proposed power
plant.
Chapter- 7 Project Benefits
This Chapter highlights the expected benefits of the proposed plant to the socio-
economic scenario in the study area and to the country as a whole.
Chapter -8 Environmental Management Plan
This Chapter consolidates the proposed and recommended environmental protection
and mitigation measures and the required institutional structure that ensures its
proper implementation during the construction as well as operational phase of the
project.
The assessment will cover the baseline data generation, predictions and evaluation of
impact on various environmental components and preparation of adequate
Environmental Management Plan.
* * * * *
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CHAPTER 2
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 Introduction
Sugar has been historically classified as an essential commodity and has
been regulated across the value chain. The heavy regulations in the
sector artif icial ly impact the demand-supply forces resulting in market
imbalance. The increase in sugar consumption is mainly a function of
four demand determining variables: - Population, income, consumption
habit and the growth of the industrial & service sector, mainly hotels &
restaurants as well as the food and beverage industries.
The State of Maharashtra is poised for rapid industrial development and
large-scale use of electricity for industrial purposes, for which the
demand for electr ical power is continuously increasing. The present
demand for electr ical power is greatly in excess of the generating
capacity. The power generation scenario in the state reveals that the
demand for power would continue to out-str ip the avai lable and planned
generation capacity.
Bagasse, press mud and molasses are the by- products of the sugar
industry. Once thought to be unwanted waste products, these by-
products are now advantageously util ized as a valuable resource for
profitable applications.
Further, it is a potential fuel in the form of power ethanol when blended
with petrol . Ethanol is substi tute to the imported petroleum. Petroleum
is a scarce, non-renewable and environmentally harmful product. On the
contrary, the ethanol being produced from renewable source it is an
environmental friendly product. Large demand is also anticipated for its
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use as fuel . The Euro-3 standard specifies the presence of an oxidant in
the fuel, which minimizes the emissions due to the combustions of these
fuels. Ethanol being one of the most viable additives avai lable, the oil
companies has to use ethanol for blending with petrol.
Indian Sugar Mfg. Co. Limited Unit No-2 (ISMCL-2) have proposed to
New Establishment of sugar, co-generation and disti l lery project,
production capacity of sugar plant 5000TCD & co-generation 25MW and
60KLPD disti l lery unit.
2.2 Location
The Factory site is 15 km away from the city of Madha. A district place
Solapur is 75 km away where all the Chief Offices of the Government of
Maharashtra are working. The National Highway of Solapur-Pune-Mumbai
is 25 km away from the site. The nearest railway station, Kurduwadi is
30 km Awa away from the site. And nearest Air Port i.e. Solapur is just
80 Km from the site. The plot area is 116 Acre.
The site is centrally located in the area of operation and is in heart of
sugarcane area. The site is well connected by Road, so that both the raw
materials and finished goods can be conventionally handled. Total land
avai lable with sugar factory is about 116 Acre. Bagasse is available from
the sugar plant wil l be uti l ized as inputs in the proposed project. Land
required for the project is avai lable in the existing industry. Procurement
of additional land for the project is not needed. Water requirement wil l
be managed within the avai lable limits.
The location is rainfed agricultural land converted for industrial use. The
site proper is uncultivated, free from trees and vegetation of any worth.
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The main raw material viz. sugarcane is locally cult ivated in the area.
The location has good scope for development of sugarcane with suitable
climatic conditions and assured source of water supply from surface
water.
Figure 2.1 Topo-map of the project site
There are no eco-sensitive locations such as National park, archeological
structure, wi ld-l ife sanctuary, bio-sphere reserve within 10 km radius
around the site. No incidences of cyclones, earthquake, f loods or
landslides in the region have been reported.
The si te of ISMCL-2, possess the following advantages:
Ø The project site is well connected to the vil lage roads for supply of
raw material sugar cane.
Ø The adequate ski l led, semi-ski l led and unskil led labour force is
avai lable in the vicinity of project area.
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Ø All the infrastructure facil it ies l ike power, road, communication
facil i ties, and banks are available in the vicinity of the project
area.
2.3 Project Components
The integrated sugar industry with sugar and alcohol as main products
along with exportable power and bio-manure as co-products has proved
to be an economical proposal. The Government of Maharashtra envisaged
the policy to encourage integrated sugar industries consisting of sugar,
co-gen power and molasses based alcohol in the state with various
incentives including power purchase agreement. Bagasse, press mud and
molasses are the by- products of the sugar industry. Once thought to be
unwanted waste products, these by-products are now advantageously
util ized as a valuable resource for profitable applications.
The proposed installed capacity of the plant will be 5000 TCD. The sugar
mill complex also has in-house 25 MW capacity cogen power plant &
disti l lery capacity is 60 KLPD. The brief technical specif ication is given
below:
A. Sugar Unit:
Ø Installed capacity of sugar factory wil l be Sugar Plant with Diffuser
technology of 5000 TCD and 25 MW Co-generation of Power.
Ø Double Sulphitation process with 3 massecuite boi l ing scheme shall
be adopted for production of plantation white sugar.
Ø Number of days of operation of sugar factory is 180 days.
Ø Capacity util ization of sugar factory considered for f irst year 90%
and second year onwards 100%.
Ø 90% of installed capacity.
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Ø The average Recovery of sugar considered for sugar production is
11.50%.
B. Co-Gen Power Plant:
Ø Installation of co-gen power plant consisting of 140 T/Hr. boiler of
87 kg/cm.2 g pressure and 515+/-05 ºC Temperature.
Ø The boiler will be fired with agro waste bio-mass fuel such as
Bagasse / cane thrash & also on coal.
Ø Boilers are provided with ESP and 85m ht chimney as pollution
control facil ity.
Ø Surplus power available from the industry will be exported to
public grid.
Ø Provision of backpressure turbo alternator and auxil iaries for 18
MW power generations.
Ø Provision of Condensing turbo alternator and auxil iar ies for 07 MW
power generations.
C. Distillery:
Ø Installation of 60 KLPD modern disti l lery plant based on continuous
fermentation and multi pressure disti l lation.
Ø Installation of co-gen power plant consisting of 22 T/Hr. boiler of
45 kg/cm2(g) pressure and 370ºC Temperature.
Ø Installation for evaporator for concentration of spent wash
Ø Provision in boi ler to use concentrated spent wash, and Coal as
fuel.
Ø The disti l lery will be with zero discharge of spent wash.
2.3.1 Products and By-products
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The plant will be designed to produce 600T/day white sugar, 25MW Co-gen power, 60000LPD each of spirit & alcohol. The products and by-products are listed below:
Table no. 2.1 List of Products and By-products
2.3.2 Raw Material
The Madha & Barshi (west side) Taluka of Solapur district is highly
irrigated taluka in Maharashtra State. The Ujjani Dam on the Bhima River
and Lift Irrigation from Sina River has provided irrigation facil i ties to the
lands around Madha & Barshi(west side) Taluka. Thus, there is increasing
trend for the sugarcane production and area under cult ivation of sugar
cane.
Out of 52000 ha irrigated land at present the sugarcane is grown in
nearly 35000 ha. of land with an average yield of 100 MTs per ha. and
producing around 35.00 lack tonnes of sugarcane. Moreover, the sugar
Sr. No. Particulars Maximum Quality
A)Product
White Sugar 18000 MT/M = 600 T/Day
B) By-
Products
Molasses 7500 MT/M = 250 T/Day
Bagasse 45000 MT/M = 1500 T/day
Press Mud 3750 MT/M = 125 T/Day
C)Co-
generation
Power 25 MW
D)Distillery I) Rectif ied Spiri t (Total) 60,000 LPD
II) Extra Neutral Alcohol 60 ,000 LPD
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cane production is increasing every year due to canal, l ift and well
irrigation. The sugarcane requirement of the Indian Sugar Limited at
5000TCD would be hardly 26 % of the currently available sugarcane of
Madha Tehsil alone and sugarcane from nearby Tehsil l ike Barshi, Mohol,
Karmala, Pandharpur etc. shall be additional avai lable raw material.
Table no. 2.2 List of Raw material consumption for Sugar production
Sl.No. Raw material t/day t/month T/year
1 Sugar Cane 5000 1,50,000 900000
2 Sulphur - 75 450
3 Lime - 285 1710
4 Caustic Soda f lakes - 8 48
5 Sodium Hydro Sulphite - 0.6 3.6
6 Beaching powder - 0.2 1.2
7 Boi ler chemicals – anti scalents - 200(kgs/month) 1200
8 Lubricants (wheel bearing
greases, lubricating oi l etc)
- 6-7 kl/month 39.6
10 Phosphoric acid 7 42
Table no. 2.3 List of Raw material consumption for Distillery unit
Sl.No. Particulars Unit Quantity
1 Molasses 40% w/w fermentable
sugar
T/day 250-270
2 Sulphuric Acid Kg/day 110-120
3 Antifoam Agent L/day 160-170
4 Di-ammonium Phosphate Kg/day 105-115
5 Addit ive Kg/day 3.5-4.5
7 Boi ler Chemicals Kg/month 140
8 Coal T/day 60
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2.3.3 Manufacturing Process
The manufacturing process of
given chart:
Figure 2.2 Manufacturing process of integrated sugar industry
A) Sugar Plant Brief Description of Process to Manufacture White Sugar by
Double Sulphitation Process:
The process of manufacturing involves the fo
I. Extraction of cane juice from cane
II. Purification of cane juice
for integrated Sugar, Ethanol & Cogeneration Power Project of M/s. Indian Sugar Manufacturing Co. Ltd. (Unit-2) A/p -Turk Pimpari, Tq-Barshi, Dist-Solapur
Manufacturing Process
manufacturing process of integrated sugar industry is given in below
Figure 2.2 Manufacturing process of integrated sugar industry
Sugar Plant Brief Description of Process to Manufacture White Sugar by
:
The process of manufacturing involves the following steps:
Extraction of cane juice from cane
Purification of cane juice
for integrated Sugar, Ethanol & Cogeneration Power Project of M/s. Indian Solapur
s given in below
Figure 2.2 Manufacturing process of integrated sugar industry
Sugar Plant Brief Description of Process to Manufacture White Sugar by
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III. Evaporation of cane juice to facilitates crystallisation
IV. Crystallisation of Sugar
V. Separation of sugar and liquid by Centrifugal force
VI. Re-Boiling of Liquid
VII. Drying
Brief Description of The Above Process Steps Are Given Below:
I. Extraction of Cane Juice from Cane
The cane which is brought from fields by carts/trucks/tractors, weighed and unloaded
in the cane carrier for extraction of juice from sugarcane. The unloaded cane will pass
through preparatory devices (Chopper, leveller and fibrizer). The preparatory devices
will cut the cane stalks into pieces.
The prepared cane enters to Diffuser length of about 70 mtrs. Long. Imbibitions water
used with steam to maintained temperature of Diffusion, diffusion takes place in
Diffuser, juice come out from last compartment up to 1st compartment and 70 to 75 %
moist bagasse come out from Diffuse & this bagasse is passed through Dewatering
mill, juice from Dewatering mill is circulated in last compartment of Diffuser & after
dewatering mill bagasse moisture get 48 to 49%.
Use of Bagasse
The residue that leaves the Dewatering mill is called bagasse contains un-extracted
sugar, woody fibre and water. The bagasse will be used as fuel to produce steam and
power as co-generation. The generated steam will be used to run turbines for power
generation. The outlet of the turbine i.e., low pressure steam will be used for juice
processing. Exhaust condensed water of 1st body will be sent back to boiler for steam
generation during crushing season.
II. Purification of Cane Juice – Clarification
The extracted juice from Diffuser/mill is strained to remove bagasse particles before
sending for process. This juice is sent through a mass flow meter and the quantity
automatically recorded. The dark green juice from mills is acidic and turbid. The
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universal process employed to remove both soluble and insoluble impurities is called
Sulphitation process. The juice will be heated up to 700C to 750C to avoid inversion. In
sugar plant as a measure of steam economy primary heating will be done by tubular
heat exchanger using heat energy available from the condensates of evaporators and
pans.
Liming and Sulphitation
The process in whichmilk of lime(Ca(OH)2) is added to the juice simultaneously in
juice sulphiter, thereby pH of juice will be increased to 6.9 to 7.2.
CaO+H2O Ca(OH)2 + Colour
The aim of this neutralization is to remove colourants from the juice, and to neutralize
organic acids. The formation of tri-calcium phosphate and sulphate, which are
products on sedimentation and carry impurities present in the liquid. Lime
consumption (Cao) ranges from 0.18 to 0.25 % on cane according to the treatment
strength required. The absorption of the SO2 gas (sulphurdioxide) by the juice takes
place in juice sulphitor. The SO2 gas is produced in the unit by burning sulphur in the
presence of air, in special furnace and the reaction is given below.
S+O2 SO2
The main objectives of Sulphitation are;
Ø Sulphitation is the practice of adding sulphur dioxide (SO2) to process streams
in a sugar factory. This is done for one of three reasons :
1. pH control - the SO2 in aqueous solution forms sulphurous acid
H2SO3(aq) which reduces the pH of the process stream. An example of
this would control of diffusion water pH in a beet factory, where keeping
the pH below 5.5 reduces the extraction of pectin from the beet cell
walls which helps pulp pressing.
2. Biocide - used in sufficient quantities the SO2 inhibits the life cycle of
bacteria, reducing the quantity of sugar lost by bacterial degradation to
lactic acid. This is similar to the use of sodium metabisulphite for
sterilising home brewing equipment. The efficiency of SO2 as a biocide is
sometimes challenged in the literature.
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3. Colour blocking - SO2 reacts with the carboxyl groups of invert sugars
(glucose and fructose) to inhibit their participation in the colour forming
Maillard reaction with amino compounds. By adding SO2 to juice before
evaporation the increase in colour through the evaporators is kept to a
minimum, protecting the juice from excessive colour formation at high
temperature in the evaporators.
Ø Decreasing the viscosity of the juice and consequently of the syrup, to reduce
viscosity and remove the colouring matters present in the juice. This ultimately
facilitates better evaporation and crystal development.
Average consumption of Sulphur can be estimated in between 0.05% to 0.06% on
cane. The sulphited juice is heated to approximately 101 to 1030C to accelerate and
facilitate the coagulation and flocculation of colloids and non –sugar proteins, emulsify
fats and waxes, or in other words accelerate the chemical process, increasing
decanting efficiency and also enabling removal of gas from the juice. The juice
purification by removing the flocculated impurities from the previous treatments. This
process is carried out continuously in equipment called a claifier. The clarified juice is
removed from the upper part of Clarifiers and sent to the evaporation section for
concentration. The mud will be withdrawn from the bottom of the Clarifiers and sent
to rotary vacuum filter. In rotary vacuum filters, juice and filter cake will be separated
by vacuum. The cake that is discharged are applied to fields as fertilizer and in some
countries cane wax is extracted from this cake.
III. Evaporation
The clarified juice obtained in the clarifiers constitutes 75% water. The first stage of
concentration is carried out in equipment called the evaporator, which operates
continuously. The evaporator consists of five bodies, connected in series so that the
juice undergoes progressive concentration from the first effect to the last effect to
evaporate 75% of water which is present in the juice for that we require steam. Hence
exhaust steam from turbines at a pressure of 1.4 kg/cm2 at 1250C will be fed to the
effect of evaporator. Subsequently due to the evaporation of the water in the first
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effect will yield the same amount of vapour, which will be fed to the succeeding
bodies. Due to the difference in the pressure and the vacuum in the bodies the
evaporation of juice will takes place in all the evaporators. Initially clarified juice will
have a brix of 14-160C, reaching 55-650C Brix from the outlet of the V body. This
syrup is passed through a tower consists of absorption of the SO2 (Sulphurdioxide) by
the syrup, lowering its original pH from 6.4 -6.8 to 4.6 -5.2. The water vapour
generated from 1st evaporator will be used in subsequent bodies and the generated
condensate will be utilised for cane juice extraction at Diffuser/Dewatering Mill, muddy
juice filtration at vacuum filters, milk of lime preparation, pan washing and centrifuge.
The excess condensate will be cooled and used for plant utilities and on land
irrigation.
IV. Crystalisation
Crystallisation takes place in single effect vacuum pan. The syrup obtained from the
evaporator will be boiled until saturated with sugar. At this point “seed grain” is added
to serve as nuclei for the sugar crystals and more syrup is added as the water
evaporates. Continuing the above process the pans are filled up till the desire size
crystals are built up and dropped in mixers called crystallisers. The sugar and syrup
forms a dense mass known as Massecuite.
V. Separation of sugar and liquid by centrifugal force
From the crystallizers, the massecuite will be cured in the centrifugal machines. In
centrifugals the sugar and molasses will be separated. In centrifugals there are two
types of machines
I. Continuous centrifugal Machines
II. Batch Type centrifugal machine
The continuous centrifugal machines will be used for low grade massecuites like B and
C Massecuites. The separated molasses will be taken back to the process for
extracting the dissolved sugar which is present in molasses. The separated sugar
having low purity is made as a magma minglers and it will be melted in the sugar
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melter and will be taken back to the A massecuite boiling. High grade massecuite i.e.,
A- Massecuite will be cured in the batchtype centrifugals. The sugar discharged from
the batch centrifugal has a high moisture level with temperature of around 60 to 65
degree centigrade.
VI. Re-boiling of Liquid
The aim of sugar boiling is to recover more sugar and send less purity of molasses
(Final Molasses) as by product. ‘A’ Massecuite from Syrup and second grade used as
‘seed’ nuclei and high purity washings from high grade sugar (AL Molasses) high grade
or ‘A’ Massecuite is boiled. From this ‘A’ Massecuite we get white sugar, ‘A’ Heavy
Molasses and AL molasses. This AL light molasses will be sent back for ‘A’ Massecuite
boiling. The AH molasses is being sent for ‘B’ Massecuite
“B” Massecuite
The AH Molasses is taken in to batch pan and boil till the super saturation stage. At
this point ‘seed slurry’ is added to serve as nuclei for the sugar crystals. Continuing the
boiling by feeding AH till the crystals size reaches to 160 to 180 µm. The grain will be
transferred to vacuum crystallisers, futher boiling takes place in continuous vacuum
pans. The continuous pan outlet massecuite size will be 250 to 300 microns. The ‘B’
grade Massecuite separation we will get B seed and B heavy molasses. The part of B
seed will be sent for A graining and balance for melting. B heavy molasses sent for „C‟
Boiling.
“C” Massecuite or Low Grade Massecuite
As this is the important massecuite from which mother liquor goes out as Final
Molasses must be of low purity. Hence, more number of small crystals must be
present to have larger area to deposit or de-sugar the mother liquor. Here the crystals
are smallest to achieve our aim.
Graining is done using ‘C’ light and AH molasses in batch pan and boiled till the super
saturation stage. At this point seed slurry of 3 to 4 microns is added to serve as nuclei
for the sugar crystals. Continuing the boiling by feeding C light and BH molasses till the
crystals size reaches to 70 to 90 microns. The grain will be transferred to C vacuum
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crystalliser. Further boiling takes place in continuous pans by feeding BH molasses.
The crystals size of pan outlet is 150 to 180 microns. The massecuite dropped to Mono
Vertical crystalliser for cooling. During cooling of the massecuite the temperature
brings down to 42 to 43 degree centigrade to achieve maximum sugar recovery. The
cooled massecuite fed to continuous centrifugals for separation. The separated mother
liquor termed Final Molasses will sent to distillery industry. The sugar separated from
first curing is mixed with water and sent for second curing. During second curing we
will get C seed and C light molasses. C seed will be sent for ‘A’ Boiling and C light
molasses sent for C boiling.
VII. Drying
The separated sugar from ‘A’ centrifugals cooling and drying of the sugar is carried out
in a multi tray hopper, in the hopper the cold and hot air will be pass in co-current
direction to bring down the moisture and temperature of the marketable sugar. From
the drier, the sugar passes through grader where the separation of sugar of various
grades depending on the size and colour like: L-30, M-30, S-30 and SS-31 will takes
place. The graded sugar will be collected in bins. The sugar from the bins will be
weighed in automatic weighing scale, stitched and will be sent to the sugar godown.
Sugar is stored in 50 kg PP bags and 50kgs “A” twill gunny bags in sugar godown.
B) Co generation Manufacturing Process:
Sugar cane is crushed, prepared cane Diffusion takes place in Diffuser & Dewatering from mill then Bagasse is produced, which is utilized as a fuel in the boilers. In boiler super saturated stem is produced, this steam is used for moving the power turbine to generate power and generated power is given to the grid. The flow diagram of sugar and co-gen power plant are given in Figure-2.3.
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Figure 2.3 Flow Diagram of Sugar & Co-Gen. power Plant Process
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C) Ethanol Process Description:
Figure 2.4 Ethanol Process Flow Diagram
I) FERMENTATION SECTION:
In Fermentation process, fermentable sugars in molasses are converted into ethanol.
This reaction is carried out by the yeast. This is basically metabolic activity of yeast
which converts sugar into ethanol. During the reaction Carbon-di-oxide is also
generated which is vented into atmosphere after scrubbing with water to prevent
alcohol loss.
Being a exothermic reaction, heat is generated during the production of alcohol. To
maintain the Fermenter temperature constant, this heat is removed by means of
external cooling system arrangement. This system consists of Plate Heat Exchanger
(PHE) through which fermented wash is continuously recirculated by Recirculation
Pumps and heat is removed by cooling water passing through the PHE.
Air Spargers are provided in the fermenters to provide air (Oxygen) supply to the
growing yeast cells. Provision of air supply to fermenters is always better to keep
yeast cells active all the time. The air supply is regulated through flowmeters provided
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to each fermenters. It also ensures suspension of the mass. Agiataors are also
provided to keep entire mass in suspension and proper mixing to have uniform
temperature throughtout the fermenter.
Fermentation System is designed to operate on both the modes
1) Continuous Fermentation
2) Batch fermentation
Depending upon the feed quality mode of operation can be selected. Yeast culturing &
prefermentation system provides active cell mass to fermenters for each batch of
fermenter or when required for continuous fermentation.
Wash Clarification System provided is exhaustive, comprising of Wash Settling Tank,
Sludge Settling Tank & Decanter removes sludge effectively from fermented wash.
Clear Fermented wash is stored in Beer well and continuously fed to distillation.
II) DISTILLATION SECTION:
Wash to Rectified Spirit: Multi pressure vacuum Distillation:
The system comprises of 4 columns operating under different pressures and is
designed to produce Rectified Spirit either in liquid or vapor form .
Following columns are considered.
1. Analyzer Column – under vacuum
2. Degasifying Column – under vacuum
3. Aldehyde Column- under vacuum
4. Rectification cum Exhaust Column- under pressure
Fermented Wash from Beer Well is first passed through Beer Heater, then to
Degasifying Column top through wash Preheater where is it is heated by spent wash
from Analyser Column bottom.
Degasser Column:
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In Degasser column, non condensables like CO2 and low boiling impurities are
separated and fed to Aldehyde column in the form of vapors.
Analyser Column:
From fermented wash coming down from Degasser column alcohol is stripped off and
vapors from the Analyser top are condensed in the condensers. This condensate is fed
to Rectifier Column. Spent wash is taken out from the column bottom.
Heat is supplied to the column by rectifiers vapors through reboiler.
Aldehyde Column:
In aldehyde column, the noncondensables & low boiling impurities are concentrated
and taken out as Impure Cut from the top.
Remaining alcohol water mixture from the bottom is fed to Rectifier Column.
Rectifier cum Exhaust Column:
Liquid streams from two columns i.e. Analyzer condensate & Aldehyde bottoms are
fed to the Rectifier Column. In Rectifier column alcohol is concentrated at the top.
Heavy & Light Fusel oils are taken out from the tapping provided to this column. Spent
Lees is taken out from the bottom of the column.
Rectified Spirit is taken out from the tray which is few trays below the top tray.
Here additional provision is kept for taking out direct vapors to MSDH section for
production of ethanol.
Other Equipments:
Other equipments like Condensers, Coolers, Pumps, PHE, Vapor-Liquid Separator etc
are provided as per process requirement.
III) MOLECULAR SIEVE DEHYDRATION SYSTEM: This is basically adsorption operation where water from Rectified Spirit is removed by
molecular sieves (size – 3A). This section can be operated in two modes
1) As Stand-alone – Ethanol production from RS in liquid form
2) Integrated – Ethanol production from RS vapors from Rectifier Column in
distillation section.
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In first mode RS is fed to Evaporation column where it is vaporized. Either these
vapors or vapors from Rectifier Column are first superheated in Superheater and fed
to Molecular Sieve beds filled with molecular sieve and support balls.
Molecular Sieve Beds (2 Nos) System
This beds operates on Pressure Swing Adsorption operation. Out of two, one bed
operates as Active (Adsorption) bed where water from RS is adsorbed by the
molecular sieve and dry ethanol is produced. At the same time another bed is in
regeneration (Disorption) mode where adsorbed water is removed from the bed.
These beds operates in cycles which are entirely controlled by the control system
provided. The liquid removed from beds contains alcohol in low concentration which is
recycled back to column.
The heat of ethanol vapor produced is used to preheat the regeneration liquid (low
strength alcohol) and the RS feed. Then the ethanol is cooled and sent to storage.
IV) Standalone Evaporator for Spentwash Concentration
In standalone evaporator treated spentwash taken & it get concentrated by
evaporation on power turbine’s exhaust steam, at that time condensate water from
exhaust steam will be reuse to Boiler, Spent wash brix at inlet of evaporator is round
about 16 to 17 Bx. & after evaporator spent wash get concentrated up 58 to 60 Bx.
V) Concentrated Spent Wash to Inceration Boiler with Coal
In this new technology Conc. Spent wash (58 to 60Bx.) is pre heated from the day
storage tank & sprayed over the fludized bed though two nos. Of spray guns,Coal
firing system consists of coalbunker with veriable speed screw feeders to fed the coal
& due adopting this new technology ability to dispose effulent (spent wash) of
distillreries in a safe and environmentally sound way ( by meeting ZED norms).
2.3.4 Utilities
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In addition to the raw material, uti l i ties are also required. These are:
A) Power:
The Power requirement of ISMCL for 60 KLPD plant is around 1.5 MW
which ISMC proposes to meet by instal l ing one turbo of 2 MW and 1 DG
set of 200 KVA for meeting off season requirements. In addition to above
ISMC Unit -02 proposes to obtain power connection of 450 KVA from
grid of Maharashtra State Electricity Board to meet its off season and
al l ied requirements.
The power required for the plant shall be produced by the ISMCL Unit -
02 through its own 2 MW co-generation plant and same shall be used
for meeting its power need.
B) Water:
The Continuous fermentation based 60 KLPD Ethanol Plant with multi-
product integrated project requires water maximum to 15 Lac l iters /day.
Company would be drawing water from Sina River which was connected
by underground tunnel from Ujani dam back water. Suffic ient water
storage facil i ty wil l be created for uninterrupted water supply. ISMCL
Unit -02 will apply for a requisite permission from State Govt. for l ifting
of water. ISMCL Unit -02 proposes to use water of existing well and bore
well for construction.
To achieve better efficiency and to maintain the plant and machinery in
good condition, it is necessary to have proper water treatment system.
Raw water will be treated in water treatment unit before using it for the
process. Cooling tower make-up water will be used after treatment in a
water-softening unit. By having proper water supply system as clear
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P a g e | 40
water pump etc. the Ethanol Plant can have good water supply
arrangements.
C) Steam:
The steam requirement of the proposed Ethanol Plant depending on the
basis of final product to be produced will be about 8 MT per hour (for
Multi-pressure option). An independent new Incereration boiler of 22 MT
/hr. (45kg/cm2(g)) will be installed for disti l lery operations. This new
boiler wil l supply high-pressure steam to new proposed 2 MW turbo-
alternators.
Exhaust steam of the turbo alternator at the pressure of 3.5 kg/cm2(g)
wil l be made available to the disti l lery unit & Spent wash evaporators. If
required, necessary arrangements for reducing the pressure and de-
superheating of steam shall be made in the disti l lery unit.
D) Manpower:
As estimated by ISMC Unit -02 the manpower requirement of the sugar
mill is estimated at 300 workers, out of which 150 workers are
permanent and 150 workers are seasonal workers. As ISMC Unit -02 is in
a traditional cane growing area and surrounded by sugar mil ls, no
difficulty is envisaged in meeting the manpower requirement of ski l led,
semi ski l led and unski l led workers.
E) Fuel:
For this Industry Project Electricity shall be used as source of power,
which is very clean at using, without any fear of ash or sulphur. This
electric ity is produced by Turbine of 18+07 MW.The turbines are
based on steam produced by boiler. and boiler uses bagasse as fuel.
The boiler is of 140 TPH. Bagasse contains 1.7% brix, 13% cellulose
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and l ignin and moisture. We have generally about 30% bagasse on
cane. This has a good fuel value of 2200 Kcal. This is almost fully
consumed by our boiler The boiler is f itted with dampers , ID fan
,CO2meter,ESP and light ash is released at height through tall stack
as per rules.
F) Power Generation:
As mentioned above, steam produced in the high-pressure boiler will be
used to run new turbine of 2 MW capacities. This turbine wil l provide
power for Ethanol Plant, ETP as well as for disti l lery boiler during season
& off-season. The exhaust steam of turbine shall have a pressure of
about 3.5 kg/cm2 (g), which will be used for disti l lery purpose.
Thus, the cost of electricity i.e. maintenance cost, from the turbo-
alternator to the Ethanol Plant and ETP wil l be at the rate of 0.25 /unit.
Power for idle days around 2 KWH per day will have to be purchased
from state electric ity board at the rate of Rs.4.50/unit.
The working & engineering staff of the sugar factory are also close to
the disti l lery site & their services could be readi ly made available in case
of necessity. The nearness of the Ethanol Plant to sugar factory is also
of advantage from the point of security.
G) Effluent Disposal:
ISMCL-2 proposes to install 2nos. of ETP, one for sugar & cogen unit
with capacity of 500 M3/day and another for Disti l lery unit with capacity
of 650 M3/day. Thus the whole effluent treatment shall be to the
satisfaction of Maharashtra Pollution Control Board. The requisite NOC
wil l be obtained by ISMC Unit -02. Similarly ISMC Unit -02 proposes to
util ize treated water for field irr igation purposes.
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H) Project Cost: The project is estimated to cost Rs.23489.60lacks (234.89 Crs); this is proposed to be f inanced with a debt equity ratio of about 65: 35. The cost is subdivided as per following table:
Table no. 2.4 Project cost details
Particulars Amount in Lakhs
Land & Site Development : 1074 Building & Civil Work : 2255 Plant & Machineries : 15159 Miscellaneous Fixed Assets : 482 Provision for contingencies : 820 Preliminary & Pre-operative & other expenses : 3626 Margin money for working capital : 73
Total : 23489
I) Land Requirement:
116 Acres of land is available for setting up of Integrated Sugar Mill Complex. All the
land is acquired by the company in its own name. There are no existing structures at
the site. The area requirement, the preliminary plant layout is prepared to be in-
housed in the existing 116 acres of land available at the acquired factory site. Land
Distribution details are as under;
Table no. 2.5 Land Distribution
The detail of layout plan & Photographs of the site location is attached as Annexure -
1.
J) Building materials:
Area Allocation Area
Total Plot Area 449203.2 sq.mtr.
Built up Area 40000 Sq. Mtr.
Green belt (Gardens, Agriculture etc.) 50 Acres
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The majority of construction work is in fabrication from Mild steel
structural. The orientation is so kept as to balance nearly the cutting
and f il l ing. The small requirements are avai lable systematically. The
construction –erection time will be small and will be done in day time.
Labour camp is not necessary.
2.4 Cascading Pollution
There will not be any significant pol lution during the construction phase.
Adequate provisions wil l be made available during operational phase.
2.4.1 Air
Air qual ity around the project site will not be impacted during
construction phase.
Further to minimize any impact following measures shall be taken:
Ø The raw material handling wil l be located as per the predominant
wind direction, in such a way that the fugitive dust generated from
the site will be primarily contained within the construction site
only.
Ø The raw material handling yard will be suitably enclosed so as to
generate minimum air born dust.
Ø All the loose material ei ther stacked or transport wil l be provided
with suitable covering such as tarpaulin, etc.
Ø Water sprinkling will be done at the locations where dust
generation is anticipated.
Ø To minimize the occupational health hazard, proper personal
protective gears i.e. mask will be provided to the workers who are
engaged in dust generation activity.
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Emission Control Equipments (ECE)
The air pollution caused by this industry is mainly from dust as
suspended particulate matter (SPM) from Cogeneration power plant –
boilers and fuel of diesel generating set (DG set).
ISMCL-2 knows from which unit operation or process, air pollutants are
expected. For the purpose of arresting and capturing the pollutants,
measures are proposed and designed.
Sources of Air Pollutants
1. Boiler
The industry proposes to continue the efforts of air pollution control and
remain inside the limits.
Table no. 2.6 Emission details
Stack Attached to Sugar Plant Boiler
Incineration Boiler
2 D.G. Set
Capacity 140 22 TPH 1000 KVA & 500 KVA
Fuel type Bagasse Con.Spent wash & coal
HSD
Fuel quantity (Kg/hr) 63T/hr Spent wash-7.8 T/hr & coal-2.5
T/hr
250 Lit/hr
Material of Construction MS MS MS Shape
(Round/rectangular) Rectangular Rectangular Rectangular
Height in m 85 60 12 Diameter at bottom and
top mm 4500 mm 4000 -
Gas /Fan capacity cfm 35 25 - Emittiting gas temperature
<1600C 1800 C -
Exit gas velocity m/sec 12-15 - - Control equipment preceding the stack
ESP ESP -
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The material of construction is RCC and shape is round. Adequate facil ity
for collection of samples in the forms of ladder, platform, and port-hole
etc. shall be provided.
2. Burning of fuel in standby DG set
Fugitive
A number of mitigation measures will be taken to control fugitive
emissions, the presence of which wil l be noticeable by plain vision if not
controlled. The measures are thus taken seriously and continuously such
as:
Ø Rubber wheel carts / trucks to bring in raw materials will not be
fi l led high, side’s cladded, slow speed travel, avoiding vibrations
en-route.
Ø Engineering the plant layout wil l be in such a way so as to virtually
el iminate need of using heavy equipment for material handling.
Ø Tree plantation on surrounding available area.
Ø The industry proposes to continue the efforts of air pollution
control and remain inside the limits.
2.4.2 Water and Waste water
# Source Pollutant In-plant
Measures
Control Equipment
1 Standby DG
set
SO2 Feed low
sulphur diesel
-
2 Process HCl Close container Fume hood vents
shall be provided
with scrubber
system
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Proposed integrated sugar industry will be established in the vi l lage-Turk
Pimpri, Taluka-Barshi, District -Solapur and near River Bhima basin. The
source of water is from Sina river. The arrangements for l ifting,
pumping, conveying, erecting and operating the water works, storage,
disinfection and distribution will be in the scope of ISMCL-2. This has
been done by providing al l units including fi ltration followed by
disinfection; with laboratory backup .The source is adequate for all the
year round. The details of required water are given in table no. 2.7 and
2.8:
Table 2.7 Water Consumption For 5000 TCD & 25 MW Co-generation
power plant (M3/day) CANE CRUSHING SEASON
Sr. No.
Unit Requirement
Evaporation/ Re Use
Waste Water
01.
Sugar Manufacturing Process
i) Daily cleaning & washing
ii) Laboratory iii) Cooling water
for Cryst/S.B./ Air-comp./ Vacum pump etc..
50 06
900
00.0 00.0
900
50 06
00
02.
Cogeneration Plant :-
i) Cooling water in power plant & sugar plant
ii) Cooling water for mill bearing..
iii) Boiler make up
1950
15
811
1755
00.0
624
195
15
187
03
Domestic
Consumpti45 10.0 35
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P a g e | 47
on
Total water
requiremen
t
3777.00 3289 488
Water available from cane juice
(-) 3450
Net fresh cold water requirement (m3 /Day)
327
Table 2.8 Water Balance for 60 KLPD Molasses Based Distillery
Sr.No
Water Input
Quantity MT/day S.N0
Water Output
Quantity MT/day
Fresh
Recycled
Others
Effluent
Recycled
Evap. loss
MISCELLANEOUS 1 Boiler
makeup water
50 - - 1 Boiler Blow down
25 -
2 Steam loss at vents & traps
-
- 25
2 Domestic Water
15 3 Domestic effluent
15 - -
PROCESS WATER 1 Water
present in Molasses 240 x 0.2
- - 48 1 Water vapor loss from fermentor & equipments
- - 61
2 Fresh water for dilution of molasses
160 - - 2 Water in spent wash : 480 x 1.041 x 0.88
440 - -
3 Condensate from Spent wash MEE
- 194 - 3 Lees water from plant
- 80 -
4 Spent lees water for RS plant
- 80 - 4 Lees water from ENA plant
- 160 -
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P a g e | 48
for dilution of molasses
5 Fresh water used for dilution of ENA
160 - - 6 Drift losses from cooling tower
- - 160
6 Spent lees water of ENA plant for dilution of RS
- 160 - 7 Cooling tower purge
80 - -
7 Fresh Water for cooling tower makeup
210
TOTAL 595 373 48 TOTAL 560 240 246
Mitigation measures
There will not be any significant pol lution during the construction phase.
Adequate provisions will be made available to collect the runoff from the
site, so that runoff will not be allowed to stand or enter into the
roadside or nearby drain. The raw water used for the ISMCL-2 plant will
be supplied by Irrigation department. The water will be treated ful ly to
standard characteristics. The samples wil l be tested & confirmed
Disposal
The waste water generated in the collective activi ty thus wil l be the
Domestic, sludge and sewage. The treatment through well-designed
septic tank is adequate for the purpose.
Total effluent generated during the operation wil l be about 1150M3/day.
As per the CREP norms, a 2 nos. of Effluent Treatment Plants with
capacity of 500M3/day & 650M3/day has been provided which is
continuously in operation and the results obtained will be within the
permissible limits as prescribed by MPCB. The various treatment methods
of the Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) are given below in the flow sheet.
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Figure 2.5 Flow sheet of ETP to Sugar
for integrated Sugar, Ethanol & Cogeneration Power Project of M/s. Indian Sugar Manufacturing Co. Ltd. (Unit-2) A/p -Turk Pimpari, Tq-Barshi, Dist-Solapur
Figure 2.5 Flow sheet of ETP to Sugar
for integrated Sugar, Ethanol & Cogeneration Power Project of M/s. Indian Solapur
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P a g e | 50
Figure 2.6 Flow sheet of ETP to Distillery
EIA-EMP report for integrated Sugar, Ethanol & Cogeneration Power Project of M/s. Indian Sugar Manufacturing Co. Ltd. (Unit-2) A/p -Turk Pimpari, Tq-Barshi, Dist-Solapur
Chapter 3 Baseline Environment Page 51
The disposal wil l be for greenery and there wil l be no discharge of
eff luent outside.
2.4.3 Solid Waste
Minimum amount of solid waste will be generated as there will be
construction work. Following mitigation practice is the policy for future:
Ø Minimization at all levels need be attempted for discarded products,
empty containers, packing surpluses, incoming raw material
unloading spil lages and fugitives.
Ø The solid in process generate only as Ash from cogeneration plant,
ETP sludge and domestic waste.
Ø Other wil l be empty drums which can be used for ref i l l or may be
disposed to original vendors
The solid waste generat ion from Sugar and dist i l lery units are tabulated in table
2.9 & Table 2.10
Table 2.9 Solid Waste Generation from Sugar Plant with disposal
Source Quantity Treatment & Disposal
CANE CRUSHING SEASON
Mill House Bagasse – 1500
T/day
Use in Boi ler of Cogen plant
Process House Press Mud – 125
T/day
Disposed to Disti l lery units for
compost ing
Boi ler House –
Cogen Plant
Ash – 30 T/day The ash being rich in nutr ient
composit ion, the same wi l l be
disposed as fert i l izer for soil
condit ioning.
Effluent
treatment Plant
Sludge – 4 T/day Disposed as Manure.
EIA-EMP report for integrated Sugar, Ethanol & Cogeneration Power Project of M/s. Indian Sugar Manufacturing Co. Ltd. (Unit-2) A/p -Turk Pimpari, Tq-Barshi, Dist-Solapur
Chapter 3 Baseline Environment Page 52
Table 2.10 Solid waste Generation from Distillery Unit
Sr.N
O
Particular Proposed Technology for Disposal
1 Fermented Sugar Cake
1 MT/day -Used for catt le feed
2 Ash from the Boiler -
8 T/day of ash generated Bagasse
disposal mix with press mud for used as
soil condit ioner/manure & 28 Ton/day of
ash generated from incineration boiler-
Disposal: to br ick ki lns
2.4.4 NOISE
Mitigation measures:
During the construction stage, expected noise levels shall be in the range
of 75-80 dB. All the construction activities shal l be carried out during the
daytime. To prevent any occupational hazard, ear muff / ear plug will be
given to the workers working around or operating plant and machinery
emitting high noise levels. Use of such plant or machinery will not be
allowed during night hour. Careful planning of machinery operation and
scheduling of operations shall be done to minimize such impact.
No signif icant amount of noise will be generated during the operation
phase.
2.5 Mitigation Measures (Brief)
Every human activity creates some side-effects. This can make significant
adverse impact if left unattended. It is proposed to reduce the impact by
prevention, abatement and control and mitigation mechanism. These are
described in details later in Chapter Four. Brief resume can be indicated
as fol lows.
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Chapter 3 Baseline Environment Page 53
Table no. 2.11 Mitigation measures
# Facets of
Environment
Mitigation & Impact Thereafter
1. Air The emissions from Boiler only. DG Set as stand by. Stack
attached to ventury scrubber boiler and incinerator boiler
with 85 meter & 60 mtr height respectively provided as
per the pollution control board guideline. The CO2 from
fermentation will be converted to liquid CO2. The effluent
treatment will be fully aerobic.
2. Fugitive Internal roads paved, leveled, no undulations, no sharp
curves, slow speed. Press-mud, compost yard and
compost not involved. Tree plantation on surrounding
available area.
3. Water and
Waste Water
The waste water generated will be treated through
methane bio-digester and evaporators. Spent wash will be
converted to Fuel and moderate will be treated aerobically
with disposal on seed/ demonstration plot or recycled.
4. Solid Waste Collection 100% every day. Segregated and treated/
disposed per SPCB norms.
5. Odour Limited source of odour. Controlled by keeping closed
regime during initial treatment. Use of heat exchanger for
cooling. Small capacity ETP for moderate and sober BOD
effluent will be aerobic and away with a barrier. No cess
pools in disposal area. Bio-digester is fully covered.
6. Noise Smooth roads, sturdy foundation and No Vibrations.
Acoustic enclosures to all DG Set as per manufacturers’
design. Use as standby only. Trees are planted around.
Side cladding. Large No. of tree barriers. Factory placed
away from boundary.
EIA-EMP report for integrated Sugar, Ethanol & Cogeneration Power Project of M/s. Indian Sugar Manufacturing Co. Ltd. (Unit-2) A/p -Turk Pimpari, Tq-Barshi, Dist-Solapur
Chapter 3 Baseline Environment Page 54
2.6 Proposed schedule for approval and implementation
The Project proponents are law abiding people and will commence the implementation
only after approval of all permits, consents from various departments, under laws of the
land. They have already commenced the work in this direction and Project Proponent
have already obtained various permits/NOCs such as
· Industrial Entrepreneurial Memorandum from Govt. of India, Ministry of Industry,
New Delhi. Letter of Intent.
· Sale Deed of Land.
· Building Plan from Village Panchayat.
· Certificate of Incorporation of Company.
· Memorandum and Bye Laws approval.
· NOC from Grampanchayat.
· Power sanction from MSEB
It is anticipated that all other required permissions will be in hand within three months
and thereafter the implementation and operation will be commenced. This unit does not
involve very heavy and time consuming construction and manufacturing process is also
less complicated.
* * * * *
EIA-EMP report for integrated Sugar, Ethanol & Cogeneration Power Project of M/s. Indian Sugar Manufacturing Co. Ltd. (Unit-2) A/p -Turk Pimpari, Tq-Barshi, Dist-Solapur
Chapter 3 Baseline Environment Page 55
CHAPTER 3
BASELINE ENVIRONMENT
3.1 Introduction:
Information is first assembled for the Region-District and then narrowed down to 10 km
radius with the Project as Centre. In both the areas, both the components of
Environment (i.e. Natural and Man-made) are covered. The baseline environmental
quality has been assessed as per the TOR and all the studies have been conducted from
month of September 2013 to November 2013. The standard methodology is adopted
and discussed in this chapter.
Table No.3.1: Summary of Sampling
All the samples were collected by Standard Practices and analyzed as per Indian
Standard Specifications or by APHA (USA).
3.2.1 Materials:
The work involves three activities viz. (1) collection of dry data and statistics by
literature survey, interviewing resource institutes and general public, (2) wet studies by
sampling and laboratory analysis of ambient air, surface water, ground water, noise,
soil, etc. and (3) logically analyzing the findings of dry and wet studies for
interpretation, extrapolation and inference.
A number of officers/offices were contacted in the course of this study. Samples were
collected in the month of September 2013 to November 2013; as follows, vide Table
No.3.1
No. Media Stations Parameters Frequency
1 Surface Water 3 26 1
2 Ground Water 3 21 1
3 Ambient Air 8 5 Twice a week
4 Ambient Noise 8 2 1
5 Soil Study 5 12 1
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Chapter 3 Baseline Environment Page 56
1. 3.2.2 Approach
For a streamline work, a standard six-step model of working is adopted for this Project
study. The six generic steps associated with environment impacts are:
(1) Identification of pollutant emissions and impact concerns related to the construction
and operation of the development project,
(2) Description of the environmental setting in terms of existing environmental quality,
emission inventory, and natural data in the project study area,
(3) Procurement of relevant laws, regulations or criteria related to environmental quality
and/or pollution emission effluent standards,
(4) Conduction of impact prediction activities, including the use of simple dilution
calculations, qualitative predictions based on case study and professional judgments.
(5) Use of pertinent information from step 3, along with professional judgment and
public input to assess the significance of anticipated beneficial/ detrimental impacts, and
(6) Identification, development and incorporation of appropriate mitigation measures for
the adverse impacts.
3.3 The Region
The base line data has been collected within the 10 km radius surrounding the project
site of Indian Sugar Mfg. Co. Limited, Turk Pimpri. The Google image of the
study area showing 5 Km & 10 km radius area is given below as Figure 3.1.
Solapur District is a district in Maharashtra state of India. The city of Solapur is the
district headquarters. It is located on the south east edge of the state and lies entirely in
the Bhima and Seena basins. The entire district is drained by the Bhima River. The
district is bounded on the north by Ahmednagar and Osmanabad distritcs, on the east by
Osmanabad and Gulbarga (Karnataka State) districts, on the south by Sangli and Bijapur
(Karnataka State) and on the west by Satara and Pune districts.
Figure 3.1 Google Image showing project site and 10km circle considering
project site at centre
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Chapter 3 Baseline Environment Page 57
3.3.1 Geographical Location and area
Geographically Solapur is located between 17.10 to 18.32 degrees north latitude and
74.42 to 76.15 degrees east longitude. The district is situated on the south east fringe of
Maharashtra State and lies entirely in the Bhima and Seena basins. Whole of the district is
drain either by Bhima river or its tributories.
There is no important hill system in the district. Only in the north of Barshi Taluka several
spurs of Balaghat range pass south for a few kilometres. There are also a few scattered
hills in Karmala, Madha and Malshiras Talukas. The district in general has flat or
undulating terrain. The low table land and small separate hills in Karmala and Madha
Talukas act as a Watershed between Bhima and Sina rivers The district covers
geographical area of 14844.6 sq.kms. which is 4.82% of the total area of Maharashtra
State. Out of the total area of the district 338.8 sq.kms (2.28%) is urban area whereas
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remaining 14505.8 sq.kms. (97.72%) is rural area.
3.3.2 Physical Setting
The district as a whole is monotonously covered by Deccan Trap basaltic lava flows,
which, in turn, are covered by a thin mantle of soil almost everywhere. These flows, on
account of differential weathering, give rise to undulating relief. There are no prominent
hill ranges in the district and the region is characterised by typical Deccan trap
geomorphology. The fine grained dark grey basaltic flows constitute the high country
while the weathered vesicular and zeolitic basalts generally constitute the valleys in the
area. The basalt of the district is just a part of the vast expanse of the Deccan lava flows
which occupy around 5,18,000 square kilometres of the western and central parts of the
country. The traps in the district probably represent middle traps in the three-fold
classification of traps (the lower and upper being the other two classes) and attain a
thickness of more than 1,200 metres.
The tri-junction between Satara, Pune and Ahmadnagar districts in the north-west of the
district lies just north of village Kurbavi in the Malshiras taluka. From here, boundary runs
east, keeping the Pune district to its north and the Malshiras taluka of Sholapur district to
its south along the river Nira downstream, till its confluence with the main river Bhima,
near the village Sangam in the same taluka. From here, the boundary runs north
upstream of the Bhima river keeping Indapur taluka of Pune district to its west and the
Madha and Karmala talukas to its east for a distance of 80 kilometres till reaching an
island in the river just north-west of the village Jinti in Karmala taluka. Thereafter, the
boundary turns east and runs roughly in a direction cast-north-east, keeping Ahmadnagar
district to its north along the boundaries of Karmala taluka.
3.3.3 Water Phase of Environment:
3.3.3.1 Rivers
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The district is situated on the south east fringe of Maharashtra State and lies entirely in
the Bhima and Sina basins. Whole of the district is drain either by Bhima river or its
tributories.
3.3.3.2 Irrigation in Solapur District
Sholapur has seven water works, of which three- the Koregaon, Ashti and Ekruk lakes
supply tillage water, and four at Sholapur, Barsi, Karmala and Pandharpur supply drinking
water. Of the three tillage water works the Koregaon lake is an old work improved and
the Ashti and Ekruk lakes are new works.
Bhima river traverses about 180 miles in Sholapur district and has a minimum discharge of
fifty cusecs. Besides the Bhima, the Sina and the Bori are suitable for lift irrigation, A
major lift irrigation scheme is located at Tandulwadi in South Sholapur taluka. It irrigates
about 4,000 acres. Generally in such schemes, area irrigated varies between 125 acres
and 1,500 acres. These schemes are found more in South Sholapur, North Sholapur and
Akkalkot talukas. More schemes have been proposed throughout the district and some of
the co-operative sugar factories have undertaken to finance some lift irrigation schemes.
3.4 MICRO - METEOROLOGY
Micro-meteorological data within the study area during the air quality survey period is
an indispensable part of air pollution studies. The meteorological data recorded during
the monitoring period is very useful for proper interpretation of the baseline information
as well as for input to the predictive models for air quality dispersion. Historical data on
meteorological parameters will also play an important role in identifying the general
status of the region. Site specifics data can be compared with the historical data in
order to identify changes which may have taken place due to the rapid industrialization
in the area.
3.4.1 Secondary Meteorological Data
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The secondary data w.r.t. wind speed, wind direction, Special weather phenomena,
Temperature, Relative humidity and Rainfall collected from climatological table of IMD,
Pune for Solapur station which is 50 km away from project site and the same is
presented in the below given tables.
The micro-meteorological parameters regulate the transport and diffusion of pollutants
released into the atmosphere. The principle variables which affect the micro-
meteorology are horizontal connective transport (average wind speed and direction
vertical connective transport (atmospheric stability and inversion conditions) and
topography of the area
The climate of the study area and the surrounding area is generally dry except in the
South-West monsoon season. The year may broadly be divided into four seasons.
Ø Winter season : December to February
Ø Pre-monsoon season : March to May
Ø Monsoon season : June to September
Ø Post monsoon season : October and November
The cold weather commences by about the end of November when temperature,
especially night temperature, begin to fall rapidly. December is the coldest month with
the mean daily maximum at about 28.90C and mean daily minimum at about 14 to
15.90C. The period from March to May is one with continuous increase in both day and
night temperatures. April or May is the hottest month of the year with mean daily
maximum temperature at about 40.40C and mean daily minimum at about 25.5oC. on
individual days the temperature sometimes goes upto 440C. With an advancement of
the southwest monsoon into the district by about first or second week of June,
temperatures go down appreciably and the weather remains pleasant throughout the
south-west monsoon season. During the southwest monsoon season the daily range of
temperature variation is large and is of the order of 12 to 16oC.
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The relative humidity figures are high during the south-west monsoon season. They are
between 49 -80% and with withdrawal of the south-west monsoon, humidity gradually
decreases. In the cold and summer season the air is generally dry. The summer season
is the driest part of a year when relative humidity in the afternoon is generally less than
30%.
Rainfall
The district gets mainly from south-west monsoon during a period June to October. The
average rainfall in the district is 584.3 mm. the annual rainfall in the district varies from
448.8 mm at Akluj near the western border to 689.2 mm at Akkalkot near the
southeastern border of the district. Some rainfall, in the form of thunder showers,
occurs during April and May in the afternoon. The rainfall during the south monsoon
months, i.e. June to September, amounts to about 74 % of the annual normal.
September is the most rainy month. About 17% of the normal annual rainfall in the
district is received in post-monsoon months of October and November. The variation in
annual rainfall from year to year is large.
Winds and Thunder Storms
Winds are generally light to moderate in force with some strengthening during May to
August. Except during the monsoon season, the air is generally dry. The skies are
generally clear or lightly clouded form November to March. Cloudiness increases
progressively from May and during the south-west monsoon season the skies are
heavily clouded to overcast.
Thunderstorms occurs in the period from March to October, the highest incidence being
in June and September. Dust storms occur occasionally in the hot season. The hills are
generally covered with clouds in monsoon season.
Methodology
The methodology adopted for monitoring surface observations is as per the standard
norms laid down by Bureau of Indian standards (BIS) and the India Meteorological
Department (IMD). On-site monitoring was undertaken for various meteorological
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Chapter 3 Baseline Environment Page 62
variables in order to generate date which is then compared with the meteorological
data generated by IMD from the nearest station at Solapur.
Table 3.2 Predominant Wind Direction and Speed Categories
Season Predominance Wind direction
From
Wind speed
Category (Kph)
0830 1730 0830 1730
Winter 1st SE SE 1-19 1-19
Post-Monsoon 1st NE NE 1-19 1-19
Monsoon 1st SW SW 1-19 1-19
Pre-Monsoon 1st N NW 1-19 1-19
(source IMD Data, Solapur)
Sources of Information
Secondary information, on meteorological conditions, has been collected from the
nearest IMD station. Wind roses, temperatures, relative humidity, rainfall intensity have
been complied for Agriment station. Similarly data on cloud cover is compiled from
climatological tables from the nearest IMD stations.
3.4.2 Primary Meteorological Data
Site-specific primary meteorological data was collected in the project site for the month of
September 2013 to November 2013. Meteorological station was installed at Sugar Factory
site 10 meters from the ground level to monitor parameters of wind speed, wind
direction, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. The data is recorded as the
maximum, minimum, instantaneous value. Monitoring was done as per IS: 8829: Micro-
meteorological Techniques in Air Pollution.
The details of parameters monitored, equipment used and the frequency of monitoring
are given in Table.
Table 3.3 Meteorological Parameters monitored at Site
SR.
NO.
PARAMETERS INSTRUMENTS FREQUENCY
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1. Wind Speed Counter Cup Anemometer Hourly/Continuous
2. Wind Direction Wind Vane Hourly/Continuous
3. Temperature Thermo-sensor Hourly/Continuous
4. Relative Humidity Thermo-hygro sensor Hourly/Continuous
5. Rainfall Rain gauge (automatic) Hourly/ Continuous
Wind Speed/ Wind Direction
The wind roses are prepared from site meteorological data in order to assess the wind
pattern i.e. direction, speed and frequency. The monthly wind rose is represented in
Figure 3.2 to 3.5.
The analysis of the recorded site data revealed that the prevailing wind velocity is
between 1-5 km/ hr throughout the study period. Calm days found in the range of 8.75
to14.03% of total time during September 2013 to November 2013.
Figure 3.2 Wind Rose Diagram for the period of Sept to November 2013
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Wind Pattern
September 2013 A review of the wind pattern shows that predominant winds are mostly from North East.
Wind speed observed during the whole month of September was 1.79 m/s whereas calm
winds are found to be 19.89 %.
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October 2013
Wind pattern for the month of October shows that predominant winds are from East
South East followed by South East direction. Wind speed and calm winds observed to be
1.96 m/s and 8.47 % respectively.
November 2013
Wind pattern for the month of February, shows that the predominant winds are mostly
from East-East-North followed by East direction. Wind speed and calm winds observed to
be 2.42 m/s and 0.60 % respectively.
Seasonal Wind Pattern (Post monsoon season: September to November 2013)
Predominant wind found to be from the direction of NE followed by EEN as shown in
Figure 3.2. Wind speed observed to be 2.05 m/s where as calm condition are found to be
9.95 %.
Temperature
It was observed that the temperature ranged from 12.8 °C to 34.9 °C. The maximum
temperature of 34.9 °C recorded in the month of October and minimum temperature of
12.8 °C was observed to be in the month of November.
Relative Humidity
During the monitoring period of three months, the relative humidity ranges from 10.3
% to 94.4 %. The maximum humidity (94.4%) was recorded in the month of November
and minimum humidity i.e. 10.3 % was also observed in the month of October.
Rainfall
Though it is post-monsoon season however the rainfall was experienced during the month
of September 2013 to November 2013.
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3.5 AIR ENVIRONMENT
The baseline studies for air environment cover reconnaissance, identification of
specific air pollutants expected to have significant impacts and assessment of their
prevalent levels in atmosphere at representative locations (within the site and the
buffer zone).
3.5.1 Ambient Air Quality
The ambient air quality status with respect to the specific (identified) pollutants across
the study zone of 5 km radial distance from the project site during study period will
form the base line information over which the predicted impacts due to the proposed
project can be superimposed to find out the net (final) impacts (post-project scenario)
on air environment. If the final impacts due to the project activities are known at the
planning stage of the project, a viable Environmental Management Plan (EMP) can be
prepared based on impact assessment for the air environment. The ambient air
quality monitoring was carried out in accordance with guidelines and National Ambient
Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of MoEF & CPCB.
3.5.2 Procedure for Sampling and Analysis
Sampling location is shown in Map below and the monitoring data from 8 stations at
various directions is presented in table 3.7. Reconnaissance survey was undertaken to
establish the baseline status of air environment in the study region. Keeping in view
the nature and size of the proposed site and various guidelines available, an area of
10 km radius from the proposed site, was covered for the purpose of Environmental
Impact Assessment. The study region has predominating wind direction from NE to
SW.
To establish the existing baseline air quality status of the air basin, around the plant,
Seven ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) stations were selected in different
directions of project site as per guidelines of network siting criteria. The identified
locations of AAQM are shown in Figure 3.5.
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Based on the nature of industries existing and various other activities within the study
area, the conventional air pollutants such as Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM),
Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM) and gaseous pollutants such as Sulphur dioxide
(SO2), and Oxides of nitrogen (NOx), were identified as significant pollutants for
ambient air quality monitoring.
Air quality was monitored with eight samplers, for 24 hours, twice a week, for a total
of 13 weeks as per the guidelines specified by the MoEF. The volumetric flow rate of
each sampler was maintained at 1.1-1.2 L/min. Air samples are analyzed by using
standard procedures prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Indian
Standards: IS 5182. Details of techniques used for analysis of air samples are given in
Table 3.4: Techniques Used for Analysis of Air Quality
Sr.
No. Parameter
Code of
Practice Sampler
Equipment/
Instruments for
Analysis
Methodology
Adopted
1
Suspended
Particulate
Matter (SPM)
IS: 5182
(Part IV) HVS
Balance, Oven and
Desiccators
Gravimetric
Method
2
Respirable
Particulate
Matter (RPM)
IS: 5182
(Part IV)
Respirable
Dust Sampler
with Cyclone
Separator
Balance Gravimetric
Method
3 SO2 IS: 5182
(Part V) HVS Colorimeter Colorimetric
4 NOx IS: 5182
(Part V) HVS Colorimeter Colorimeter
5
Carbon
Monoxide
(CO)
IS: 5182
(Part X)
Bladder and
Aspirator
Gas
Chromatograph
with Methaniser
Flame
Ionization
Detector
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Fig 3.3: Air monitoring site map of 5 km radius area around Project
Site.
Table: 3.5 Ambient air Monitoring Locations
Sr.
No.
Sampling
Location Name
Direction
from
Distance
from project
1. (Indian Sugar)
Project site – A8 Onsite Onsite
2. Kadamvasti - A1 SE 2.20
3. Manegaon – A2 SE 2.90
4. Hatkarwadi – A3 SE 3.70
5. Turkpimpari – A4 NE 2.30
6. Malwandi – A5 NE 4.70
7. Jamgaon –A6 N 3.40
8. Kewad – A7 W 3.80
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The ambient air quality monitoring has been done twice in week for every
location.
The baseline data of air environment is generated for the following parameters:
· Total Suspended Particulate Matter (TSPM);
· PM10 : Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM);
· Sulphur dioxide (SO2); and
· Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
· Carbon monoxide (CO);
· Lead (pb); and
· Hydrocarbons (HC)
The ambient Air quality monitoring data analysed and tabulated in the Table -
3.6 which is compared with National Ambient Air Quality Standards as
tabulated in Table - 3.7.
Table 3.6 Ambient air quality Scenario
Sr. No. Location
Concentration SPM
(µg/m3) PM10
(µg/m3) SO2
(µg/m3) NOX
(µg/m3) CO
(mg/m3) Pb
(µg/m3) 1. Project Site
Maximum 142 94 14 21 0.18 0.15 Minimum 75 49 7 7 0.01 0.08 Average 107 70 10 14 0.12 0.08 98th
Percentile 139 94 14 21 0.18 0.14
Standard Deviation
19 15 2 4 0.04 0.03
2. Near Kadamvasti
Maximum 151 95 20 25 0.21 0.1 Minimum 89 59 8 10 0.08 0.03 Average 118 81 14 20 0.13 0.06 98th Percentile
149 95 20 25 0.19 0.09
Standard Deviation
18 12 4 5 0.03 0.02
3. Near Manegaon
Maximum 168 94 22 29 0.19 0.10 Minimum 96 63 8 14 0.08 0.03 Average 127 84 15 23 0.13 0.08
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Sr. No. Location
Concentration SPM
(µg/m3) PM10
(µg/m3) SO2
(µg/m3) NOX
(µg/m3) CO
(mg/m3) Pb
(µg/m3) 98th Percentile
165 98 22 29 0.18 0.10
Standard Deviation
21 13 4 4 0.03 0.02
4. Near Turk pimpri
Maximum 210 98 22 38.4 0.45 0.28 Minimum 164 66 15.2 25.8 0.16 0.09 Average 185 80 19 31 0.23 0.15 98th Percentile
208 93 22 38 0.40 0.25
Standard Deviation
13 8 3 3 0.07 0.05
5. Near Hatkarwadi
Maximum 146 97 21 28 0.21 0.16 Minimum 88 53 8 16 0.07 0.02 Average 115 79 14 23 0.13 0.07 98th Percentile
145 97 20 28 0.20 0.146
Standard Deviation
15 12 3 4 0.04 0.04
6. Near Jamgaon
Maximum 143 93 14 18 0.19 0.11 Minimum 98 63 6 8 0.06 0.01 Average 117 85 10 13 0.13 0.06 98th Percentile
143 100 14 18 0.18 0.10
Standard Deviation
12 9 2 3 0.04 0.04
7 Near Malwandi
Maximum 126.4 29.6 4.0 9.1 0.40 0.30 Minimum 184.2 54.6 9.0 16.6 1.20 0.11 Average 153.7 43.5 6.6 11.5 0.80 0.17 98th Percentile
15.10 7.30 1.24 2.12 0.20 0.27
Standard Deviation
181.4 54.4 8.96 16.18 1.20 0.07
8 Near Kewad
Maximum 121.3 36.4 4.0 9.0 0.52 0.11 Minimum 185.3 65.4 7.1 12.9 1.11 0.04 Average 157.4 50.5 5.1 10.1 0.73 0.08 98th Percentile
17.05 7.51 0.8 1.1 0.17 0.09
Standard Deviation
181.4 64.7 6.9 12.5 1.06 0.03
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The summary of the monitoring results including minimum, maximum and
average levels along with the 98th percentile values are presented in Table
3.6. The results obtained were compared for 24 hrs. average standards for
residential areas prescribed by the National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS).
The National Ambient Air Quality Standards are presented in Table 3.7.
Table 3.7: National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
Pollutant
Time
Weighted
average
Concentration in
Ambient Air
Methods of
Measurement
Industrial,
Residential,
Rural and
other area
Ecologically
sensitive
area
(Notified by
Central
Government)
Sulphur
Dioxide
SO2 µg/m³
Annual * 50 20 · Improved West &
Gaeke
· Ultraviolet 24 hours
** 80 80
Nitrogen
Dioxide as
N02
µg/m³
Annual* 40 30 · Modified Jacob &
Hochheiser
(Na-Arsenite)
· Chemiluminescence
24 hours
**
80 80
Particulate
matter
(size less
than10
µm)
(PM10) µ
g/m³
Annual * 60 60
· Gravimetric
· TOEM
· Beta attenuation
24 hours
** 100 100
Particulate
matter
Annual * 40 40 · Gravimetric
· TOEM 24 hours 60 60
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(size less
than 2.5
µm)(PM
2.5)
** · Beta attenuation
I hour ** 180 180
Lead (Pb)
µ g/m³
Annual* 0.50 0.50 · AAS/ICP method after
sampling on EPM
2000 or equivalent
filter paper
· ED – XRF using
Teflon filter
24 hours
** 1.0 1.0
Carbon
Monoxide
mg /m³
8 hours ** 02 02 · Non Dispersive Infra
Red (NDIR)
· spectroscopy I hour ** 04 04
Ammonia
(NH3) µg/
m3
Annual*
24hours**
100
400
100
400
· Chemiluminiscence
· Indophenol blue
method
Benzene
(C6H6)
µg/
m3
Annual* 05 05
· Gas chromatography
based continuous
analyzer
· Adsorption and
Desorption followed
by GC analysis
Ozone
(O3)
µg/m3
8 hours*
1 hour**
100
180
100
180
· UV photometric
· Chemilumini scence
· Chemical Method
The salient observations of the results and their compliance to the 24 hourly
average NAAQ standards are as follows:
1. The maximum concentration of SPM & PM10 observed was 210 µg/m3
and 98 µg/m3 respectively near Turkpimpari site. At all the monitoring
stations average concentrations of SPM & PM10 are well below the
given permissible limits.
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2. The Sulphur Dioxide levels monitored at all the locations confirms to
the standards of 80 µg/m3, with highest value of 22 µg/m3 observed
near Manegaon and near Turk pimpri. This higher value may be the
result of the traffic movement at the places.
3. The Oxides of Nitrogen levels monitored at all the locations also
complies with the stipulated standards of 80 µg/m3. The highest value
recorded was 38.4 µg/m3 near Turk Pimpari.
4. The Carbon Monoxide levels also complied with the stipulated
standards of 2.0 mg/m3, The CO levels at all the locations were within
the stipulated limit.
5. The VoC’s (Benzene & 1,3 Butadiene) and NH3 concentration levels
were also within the stipulated standards.
6. The lead levels also complied with the stipulated standards of 1.0
µg/m3. The Pb levels at all the locations were within the stipulated
limit.
3.6 NOISE ENVIRONMENT
Noise is defined as unwanted sound, interferes with speech, communication,
sleep, causes annoyance and results in deterioration of the quality of human
environment. Perception of noise varies with a number of factors including
natural sensitivity and hearing ability, past experience, cultural factors and the
time of day at which the sound is experienced. Continuous sound is perceived
quite differently from intermittent sound at the same level. High or continuous
noise levels may cause permanent loss of hearing ranging from reduced
perception at certain frequencies to total deafness. Even at comparatively
lower levels, noise may have psychological effects including disturbance of
sleep, annoyance and irritation.
Monitoring of noise levels in the proposed site during summer season was
carried out to assess the present baseline levels. Impact of noise generated
due to propose Foundry activity was studied and also to know the impact of
vehicular traffic on human settlements. Studies pertaining to noise
environment were conducted in the following order:
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Ø Reconnaissance survey
Ø Measurement of equivalent noise levels
Ø Impact of noise exposure on the communities
Noise Levels
The noise levels measured at the existing plant facility, proposed plant site
and villages located within 10 Km. radius are in Table 3.18
Table 3.8 Noise Monitoring Locations
Sr. No. Sampling Location Name Direction
from
Distance
from project
1. (Indian Sugar) Project site – N8 Onsite Onsite
2. Kadamvasti - N1 SE 2.20
3. Manegaon – N2 SE 2.90
4. Hatkarwadi – N3 SE 3.70
5. Turkpimpari – N4 NE 2.30
6. Malwandi – N5 NE 4.70
7. Jamgaon –N6 N 3.40
8. Kewad – N7 W 3.70
Fig 3.4: Noise monitoring site map of 5 km radius area around Project Site
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Table 3.9 Noise Monitoring Scenario
Name of
Station
Noise Levels (dBA) Ambient Noise Standard
(dBA)
Day Night Day Night Category
of area
(Indian Sugar)
Project site – N8 50.0 40.3 75 70 Industrial
Kadamvasti - N1
52.6 42.4 55 45 Residential
Manegaon – N2 50.7 41.8 55 45 Residential
Hatkarwadi – N3 51.9 39.8 55 45 Residential
Turkpimpari – N4 52.1 42.0 55 45 Residential
Malwandi – N5 49.5 41.7 55 45 Residential
Jamgaon –N6 53.2 39.8 55 45 Residential
Kewad – N7 48.0 43.5 55 45 Residential
From the monitoring survey of noise levels it was observed that the day time
noise levels were observed in the range of 48.0-53.2 dB(A). The night time
noise levels observed at the 8 locations were found to be in the range of 39.8-
43.5 dB(A). Noise Levels are found to be within the day and night time
standards prescribed for residential, industrial zone.
2. 3.7 WATER ENVIRONMENT
Water environment consists of water resources such as river, ponds, streams,
etc. The water quality forms the essential component of EIA that helps to
identify and evaluate critical impacts / issues with a view to suggest
appropriate mitigation measures for implementation. Water quality of ground
water has been studied in order to assess various uses of water such as
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during construction, in process, drinking, horticulture, etc. with respect to the
proposed project.
Approach Reconnaissance Survey for ground and surface water bodies in the study
region shows that both ground and surface water are important sources of
drinking water found in the study region.
3.7.1 Surface Water Environment
The district is situated on the south east fringe of Maharashtra State and lies
entirely in the Bhima and Sina basins. Whole of the district is drain either by
Bhima river or its tributories. The study area includes only surface water is Sina
basin. Three sampling points of were selected for
Sampling and Analysis
Water samples were collected in the month of September 2013 to November
2013 from bore/open wells located within 10 Km. radius from the proposed
site. The water samples collected were analyzed for pH, COD, BOD,
Suspended Solids, Oil and Grease, Chlorides, Sulphates and Total Hardness.
The results are presented in Table 3.12. Methodologies adopted for analyzing
the samples for the parameters mentioned above were according to the APHA
prescribed methods.
Table 3.10 Surface water Sampling Locations:
Sr.
No.
Sampling Location
Name
Direction from
project site
Distance from
project site
1. W1 - Sina river W 3.9Km
2. W2 - Sina river SW 3.7Km
3. W3 - Sina river SW 4.8Km
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Fig. 3.5: Surface water sampling site map
Surface Water Quality Scenario
Surface water samples analyzed during the study period indicate that the
water is free from the industrial pollution. Water from these wells is used for
drinking, gardening, industrial and agricultural purposes. Concentrations of
suspended solids and dissolved solids were low. BOD, COD levels which
indicate organic pollution are also low. All the other parameters are within the
prescribed limits.
Table: 3.11 Surface Water Analysis results
Sr.
No Parameter Unit
Limits
as per
IS:2296-
C
Sina
river -
W1
Sina
river
-W2
Sina
river
-W3
1 pH - - 7.5 7.5 7.6
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2 Electrical
Conductivity
mmhos/cm NS 310.4 345.0 319.6
3 Chlorides (Cl-) Mg/l 600 74.2 83.5 70.8
4 Total Hardness mg/l NS 89.5 95.6 99.2
5 Total Alkalinity mg/l NS 112.3 128.7 137.6
6 Total Dissolved
Solids
mg/l 1500 230.8 267.4 245.6
7 Sulphate (SO4-) mg/l 400 49.5 51.2 54.8
8 Iron (Fe+) mg/l 50 0.2 0.1 0.1
9 Fluoride (F-) mg/l 1.5 0.6 0.8 0.6
10 Calcium (Ca+) mg/l NS 32.6 38.9 34.1
11 Magnesium
(Mg+)
mg/l NS 11.8 10.7 10.2
12 Nitrates (NO3-) mg/l 50 7.8 7.5 7.2
13 Total suspended
solids
mg/l NS 72.5 78.2 71.6
14 B O D mg/l 3 1.3 1.4 1.1
15 Dissolved
Oxygen
mg/l 4 (min) 4.5 4.3 4.7
16 Copper (Cu) mg/l 1.5 BDL BDL BDL
17 Manganese (Mn) mg/l NS BDL BDL BDL
18 Mercury (Hg) mg/l NS BDL BDL BDL
19 Selenium (Se) mg/l 0.05 BDL BDL BDL
20 Cyanide (CN) mg/l NS BDL BDL BDL
21 Chromium (Cr+6) mg/l NS BDL BDL BDL
22 Lead (Pb) mg/l NS BDL BDL BDL
23 Zinc (Zn) mg/l NS BDL BDL BDL
24 Aluminum (Al) mg/l NS BDL BDL BDL
25 Cadmium (Cd) mg/l NS BDL BDL BDL
26 Arsenic (As) mg/l 0.2 BDL BDL BDL
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For the monitoring of surface water quality, three surface water samples have
been analyzed once during the study period. The results of analysis are given
in Table - 3.12. Which are compared with the standards for Class-C water of
IS: 2296 (Water quality fit for drinking after conventional treatment).
A perusal of the table reveals that the results of all parameters are well within
the specified limits. The pH values are in the range of 7.5 to 7.6 throughout
the study period, which shows that the surface water of the study area is
slightly alkaline in nature, which may be due to carbonates and bicarbonates.
The concentration of the total dissolved solids and total alkalinity are in the
range of 230.8 to 267.4 mg/lt and 112.3 to 137.6 mg/lt. The DO values at all
locations are found to be appreciable which indicates self-purification capacity
of the surface water body. The heavy metal concentrations at all the three
locations during the study period were found below detectable limits.
3.7.2 Ground Water Quality
Ground water is the accumulation of water below the surface of earth, caused
by the portion of rainfall that percolates through the soil pores and rock
crevices, flown by natural gravity till it reaches an impervious stratum. The
study area receives limited rains, but has considerable groundwater presence.
The quality of groundwater is examined by drawing samples from open dug
wells as well as from deep wells from the study area. Analysis was done by
Standard methods. The results are summarized below in tabular form, and
compared with limits of IS:10500
3.12 Ground water sampling Locations
Sr.
No.
Sampling Location
Name
Direction from
Project site
Distance from
project site 1 GW1 - Kewad S 3.2Km
2 GW 2 - Manegaon SE 1.3Km
3 GW3 - Turk Pimpari NE 2.0Km
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Fig 3.6 Groundwater sampling site map
Ground Water Quality Scenario:
Ground water samples analyzed during the study period indicate that the
water is free from the industrial pollution. Water from these wells is used for
drinking, gardening, industrial and agricultural purposes. All the other
parameters are within the prescribed limits.
Table No. 3.13 Ground Water Quality in Study Area
Parameters Ground Water
GW1 -
Kewad
GW 2 -
Manegaon
GW3 - Turk
Pimpari
Standards
Color Colorless Colorless Colorless Colorless
Odor Unobjection Unobjection Unobjectiona Unobjectionable
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The ground water analysis results are compared with the drinking water
quality standards of IS: 10500-1991. The observed values of ground water
analysis during the study period are given in Table - 3.14. The pH value
ranges within 7.5 to 7.7 which is found to be slightly towards the lower limit.
The electrical conductivity ranges 234 to 242 mmhos/cm at all sampling
able able ble
Turbidity Nil 0.4 Nil 5.0 NTU
Conductivity 242
micromhos/c
m
234
micromhos/
cm
239
micromhos/c
m
------
pH 7.6 7.5 7.7 6.5 to 8.5
Total Dissolved Solids 86 97 91 500 Max
Total Suspended
solids
Nil Nil Nil --
Total Hardness as
CaCO3
108 144 127 300 Max
Calcium as Ca 25.8 37.1 28.5 75.0 Max
Magnesium as Mg 15.4 10.8 12.6 30.0 Max
Chlorides as Cl 35.5 42.7 27.9 250 Max
Nitrate as NO3 2.1 3.4 4.0 45.0 Max
Sulphate as SO4-2 14.6 13.2 16.3 200 Max
Total Alkalinity 73.5 86.4 75.4 200 Max
Iron as Fe 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 Max
Fluoride as F- Nil Nil Nil 1.0 Max
Arsenic as As Nil Nil Nil 0.01 Max
COD Nil Nil Nil --
BOD @ 27OC for 3
days
Nil Nil Nil --
Total Coliforms Absent Absent Absent Absent
E-Coli Absent Absent Absent Absent
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locations during the study period. Total dissolved solids (TDS) ranges between
86 to 97ppm. The fluoride concentrations are nil. These values are due to the
existing geological structure of the area and cannot be attributed to industrial
causes.
The total hardness during study period observed in the ranges 108 to 144
ppm. It was observed that the total hardness is found to be within the
desirable limits. The concentrations of heavy metals are below detectable
limits throughout the study period.
3. 3.8 Flora and Fauna
Objectives of study
Flora and Fauna around the 10 km area was recorded. The study was
undertaken with a view to understand the status of ecosystem along the
following line
Ø To assess nature and distribution of the vegetation in the area
Ø Preparation of checklist of flora and fauna.
Ø Generation of primary data to understand baseline status of floral and
faunal elements, sensitive habitats and rare species
Methods adopted for the study
To achieve the objectives, general ecological survey covering an area around
the proposed project site was carried out in the month of November.
Ø General field visit on site and closed vicinity area
Ø Reconnaissance Survey
Ø Information from local peoples and forest department
Observations and Results
Flora: The floral study was conducted in the study area during the month of
September 2013 to November 2013. The floral diversity in the area is
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described in Table. During this survey total 31 plant species comprising of 12
Tree species, 3 climber species, 3 shrub species and 13 herb species were
recorded. These plants are the common habitant in the project area.
Table3.14: List of flora available in study area
TREES
Sr.
No
Name of
Species
Vernacular
name Family
Phenology
Habitat
Distribution
1. Cocus
nucifera Naral Arecaceae
Throughout
the year Cultivated
Cultivated
throughout
the tropics
2. Terminalia
catapa
Deshi
badam Combrataceae
March –
January
Grown as
ornamental
tree
Malaysia to
North
Australia and
Polynesia,
commonly
planted in
the tropics
3. Acacia
auriculiformis Kadambo Fabaceae
Throughout
the year
Grown as
avenue
tree, also
raised in
plantations
Native of
Tropical
Australia
4. Ziziphus
mauritiana Bor Rhamnaceae
February –
April
Dry
deciduous
forests,
also
planted in
the plains
Paleotropics
5. Azadiracta
indica Kadulimb Meliaceae
February –
September
Dry
deciduous
forests,
Indo-Malesia
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also widely
planted
6. Ficus
religiosa Pimpal Moraceae
November -
February
Widely
planted in
tem
ple
premises
East
Himalayas;
planted and
naturalised in
India and
neighbouring
7. Tamarindus
indica Chinch Fabaceae
February –
April Cultivated
Native of
Tropical
Africa;
introduced
and widely
grown in
India and
other parts
of tropics
8. Mangifera
indica Amba Anacardiaceae
January -
May
Evergreen
and semi-
evergreen
forests and
also widely
cultivated
Indo-Malesia
9. Samanea
saman Rat-shirish Fabaceae
March –
May
Grown as
avenue
tree
Native of
Central and
South
America;
widely
planted in
the tropics as
avenue tree
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10. Terminalia
arjuna Arjun Combrataceae
November
- June
Dry
Deciduous
forests
India and Sri
Lanka
11. Grewia
tiliaefolia Dhaman Tiliaceae
February -
June
Moist
deciduous
forests
Tropical
Africa, India
to Indo-
China
12. Tectona
grandis Sag Verbanaceae
May –
January
Moist
deciduous
forests,
also raised
in
plantations
South and
South East
Asia
CLIMBERS
Sr.
No.
Name of
Species
Vernacular
Name Family
Phenology
Habitat
Distribution
1. Mucana
prurita Khaj-kuili Fabaceae
October –
February
In
secondary
forests at
low
altitudes,
also in the
plains
India,
Myanmar
and Sri
Lanka
2. Momordica
dioica Kantoli Cucurbitaceae
July -
December
Deciduous
and semi-
evergreen
forests,
also in the
plains
Indo-Malesia
and China
3. Vigna Jungle Fabaceae August - Mostly Paleotropics
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radiata moong December under
cultivation,
also
naturalised
in the
plains
SHRUBS
Sr.
No.
Name of
Species
Vernacular
Name Family
Phenology
Habitat
Distribution
1. Lantana
camera Lantana Verbenaceae April - June
Introduced
as
ornamental
plant; now
naturalised
as weed
Native of
Tropical
America,
widely
naturalised in
the tropics
and
subtropics
2. Calotropis
gigantea Rui Aslepiadaceae
Throughtout
the year Wastelands Tropical Asia
3. Hibiscus
subdariffa ambadi Malvaceae
December -
February
Cultivated
as
vegetable,
but now
naturalised
Native of
Tropical
Africa; widely
cultivated in
all tropics
regions
HERBS
Sr
No
Name of
Species
Vernacula
r Name Family
Phenolo
Habitat
Distribution
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gy
1. Achyranthe
s aspera Aghada
Amaranthace
ae
October -
March
Dry
deciduous
forests
and forest
plantation
s, also in
the plains
Pantropical
2. Solanum
surattense Bhuiringani Solanaceae
August -
Novembe
r
Degraded
forest
areas,
also along
roadsides
and
wasteland
s
India,
Himalaya,
South East
Asia, Malesia,
Australia,
Polynesia
3. Physalis
minima
Choti
phulwa Solanaceae
July –
Decembe
r
Degraded
forests
and waste
places
Tropical Asia,
Africa and
Australia
4 Ephorbia
hirta Dudhi
Euphorbiacea
e
Througho
ut the
year
Degraded
forest
areas and
forest
plantation
s, also in
the plains
Native of
Tropical
America; now
Pantropical
5. Alternanthr
a sessilis Kacheri
Amaranthace
ae
Througho
ut the
year
Along
sides of
water
courses
Pantropical
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and
marshy
areas
6. Triumfetta
rhomloidea Jhinjhira Tiliaceae
August -
January
Degraded
deciduous
forests,
also in the
plains
Pantropical
7. Aeschyomm
ene indica Bhatsola Fabaceae
August -
Decembe
r
Moist
deciduous
forests
and
waterlogg
ed areas
in the
plains
Pantropics,
probably
native in
South East
United States
8.
Tridax
procumben
s
kambarmod
i Asteraceae
Througho
ut the
year
Deciduous
forests,
also waste
lands in
the plains
Native of
Tropical
America; now
widespread
throughout
tropics and
subtropics
9. Aerva
lanata
Kapurmadh
uri
Amaranthace
ae
Sepetmbe
r – April
Deciduous
forests
and waste
lands in
the plains
Widespread
in the tropics
and
subtropics
10
Commelina
benghalensi
s
kena Commelinace
ae
July -
Novembe
r
Wasteland
s, also in
deciduous
Africa, India,
China, Japan
and Malesia
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forests
11 Celosia
argentea kurdu
Amaranthace
ae
Novembe
r -
Decembe
r
Weed in
cultivated
areas and
wasteland
s
Cosmopolitan
12 Mimosa
pudica Lajalu Fabaceae
July -
January
Weed in
the plains
Native of
South
America; now
Pantropical
13 Urena
lobata vanbhendi Malvaceae
August -
Decembe
r
Degraded
forests,
also in the
plains
Pantropical
Conclusion: - There is no flora species existing at site which are in the red
list species category.
Fauna: The faunal study was conducted in the study area during the month
of September 2013 to November 2013The faunal diversity in the area is
described in Table. Inquiry was made with the villagers in the concerned
cluster regarding availability of wildlife fauna in the study area. The faunal
diversity is very meager, only common species of mammals, birds and reptiles
are available in the study area. No any wildlife Sanctuary or National Park is
present in this study area.
Table 3.15: List of fauna available in study area
1. Mammals:
Common Name Scientific Name Habitat IUCN
Status
Indian palm squirrel Funambulus Plantation Least
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palmarum Concern
2. Avian Fauna
Common Name Scientific name Habitat IUCN Status
House crow Corvus splendens Plantation, habitation Least Concern
Common myna Acridotheres tristis Plantation Least Concern
Black drongo Dicrurus
macrocercus
Plantation Least Concern
Lesser coucal Centropus
bengalensis
Scrub jungle and tall
grassland
Least Concern
Common buzzard Buteo buteo Sailing flight over tree
top
Least Concern
Red whiskered bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus Plantation, shrubs Least Concern
Red-vented bulbul Pycnonotus cafer Cultivation, Scrubs Least Concern
Black kite Milvis migrans Urban localities Least Concern
3. Butterfly/insects
Species Observed Scientific name Habitat
Dot dash sergent Athyma kanwa Scrub, plantation, habitation
Common Indian
crow
Eupoloea core Among milkweed butterflies,
this is most abundantly found,
Mountains till 8000 feet,
occasionally it swarms in the
low, wet, jungles
Common grass
yellow
Eurema hecabe Scrub, plantation, habitation
4. Reptilian fauna
Species Observed Scientific name Habitat Status
Common garden
lizard
Calotes versicolor Occupies all
biotopes from dry
desert to thick
It is commonest
agamid lizard of India
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forest, Indian
subcontinent
5. Amphibian fauna
Common name Scientific name Habitat Status
Asian Common Toad Bufo melanostictus Home in almost all
biotopes found in
India, commonest
among Indian
species
commonest
among Indian
species and also
the amphibian
most likely to be
seen
Conclusion: - There is no fauna species existing at site which are in the
red list species category.
Reference:
1. “The Book of Indian Birds” Thirteenth Edition 2012 by Salim Ali,
Bombay Natural History Society
2. “The Book of Indian Reptiles and Amphibians” 2002 by J. C. Daniel,
Bombay Natural History Society.
3. Discussions with local people
3.9 SOIL ENVIRONMENT
Soil Quality
The soil in and around the proposed site is formed due to weathering of rocks
and can be classified as reddish gray / brown silty type. Rocks underneath are
of volcanic origin. The rocks are dark colored of basaltic composition and
mainly comprise of plagioclase, pyroxenes iron ores, primary glass and some
secondary minerals.
Table 3.16 Soil Quality Sampling Location:
Sr.
No.
Sampling Location
Name
Direction from
project site
Distance from
project site
1. Kadamvasti SE 2.3
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2. Manegaon SE 2.9
3. Turk pimpari NE 2.4
4. Kewad W 3.8
5. Project site - -
Fig 3.7 Soil sampling site map of 5 km radius area around Project
Site
Table 3.17 Soil Monitoring Scenario
Sr.
No
.
Parameters
Kadamvast
i
Manegao
n
Turk
pimpar
i
Kewa
d
Projec
t site Unit
1. pH 6.4 6.5 6.1 6.2 6.7 -
2. Conductivity
4.5 4.4 4.6 4.2 4.6 Ms/se
c
3. Chlorine(Cl) ND ND ND ND ND Mg/ltr
4. Sulphate(SO4) 104 102 110 105 107 Mg/ltr
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5. Nitrogen(N) 33.5 32.7 32.1 33.8 31.8 Mg/ltr
6. Phosphorous(P) 42.8 45.2 41.6 45.1 41.8 Mg/ltr
7 Potassium(K) 73.5 75.6 71.4 73.6 73.4 Mg/ltr
8 Sodium (Na) 184.6 190.5 188.4 184.5 182.5 Mg/ltr
9 Iron(Fe) 2.8 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.4 Mg/ltr
10 Calcium(Ca) 48.2 45.2 48.9 42.5 47.6 Mg/ltr
11 Magnesium(Mg
) 55.8 57.2 60.4 53.7 55.2
Mg/ltr
12 Oil & Greece ND ND ND ND ND Mg/ltr
3.10 Remote Sensing and GIS Study
Remote Sensing is a process of identification and demarcation of
various earths’ objects from a distance without directly coming into contact
with them. Remote sensing is largely concerned with the measurement of
electromagnetic radiation from the sun, which is reflected, scattered, and
emitted by the objects on the surface of the earth. Different objects on the
surface of the earth reflect different amounts of the electromagnetic spectrum.
The potential of remote sensing in natural resources mapping basically
depends on spatial, radiometric and temporal resolution of the sensor. Thus
the satellite remote sensing with its capability of repetitive coverage, multi-
spectral imaging, synoptic view and low cost can play an important role in the
delineation of various landuse landcover classes.
Land cover is a fundamental parameter describing the Earth’s surface. This
parameter is a considerable variable that impacts on and links many parts of
the human and physical environments. Remote sensing technique has ability
to represent of land cover categories by means of classification process. With
the availability of multispectral remotely sensed data in digital form and the
developments in digital processing, remote sensing supplies a new prospective
for land-cover/land-use analysis. Geographical Information Systems have
already been used for assessing environmental problems, since they provides
a flexible environment and a powerful tool for the manipulation and analysis of
spatial information for land cover feature identification and the maps of all
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variables were combined to extract information to better understand
analyzing.
Satellite remote sensing, in conjunction with geographic information systems,
has been widely applied and been recognized as a powerful and effective tool
in analyzing land cover/use categories This study made use of remotely
sensed data and GIS technologies; to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively
outcome of part of dist. Pune land cover/use distribution. Obtained results
were compared, visualized and analyzed, in Geographic Information System.
The project site is having latitudes 18°1'29.694"N and longitudes
75°37'17.311"E. The 10 km radius area around project site is having latitudes
17°56'7.784"N to 18°6'55.596"N and longitudes 75°31'38.096"E to
75°42'55.362"E.
Software and Hardware
Satellite Data: RESOURCESAT-2 cloud free data has been used for Landuse
/ landcover analysis.
Satellite Sensor – RESOURCESAT-2 LISS- III
Path and Row – Path 97 Row 61 Resolutions - 23.5 m.
Date of Pass: 29 Apr 2013
Ancillary Data:
PC based GIS and image-processing software’s are used for the purpose of
image classification and for delineating drainage and other features in the
study area. Number of peripheral devices such as scanner, plotter, printer etc.
has also been interfaced with the system.
Objectives:
· Delineation of Landuse/ Landcover categories at 10 km radius area
around Project site.
· Generation of digital cartographic database using secondary data
sources.
Methodology:
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· The multispectral data obtained from sensors, due to its synoptic view
and revisit capability, can effectively be used for continuous monitoring
of land surface. The spatial, spectral and radiometric resolutions are the
three primary factors in the estimation of various landuse/landcover
classes.
Fig.3.8 Toposheet map of 10 km radius area around Project Site.
The satellite data is then taken into a hard disk and then converted in the
standard false colour composite by assigning blue, green and red to green, red
and near infra red band respectively. Image enhancement has been done by
the technique called histogram stretching between the ranges of 0-255, as the
data content is 8-bit. Applying formulae derived by modeling the sources of
distortions in order to correct the systematic distortions such as earth
curvature carried out rectification and registration of satellite data. The
random distortions were corrected using well distributed ground control points
occurring in raw data. To achieve planimetric accuracy, the remote sensing
scene was rectified with respect to SOI maps on 1: 50,000 scales. The GCP’s
in the scene such as railroad intersections, corners of water reservoirs, bunds,
etc. were identified on the image as well as on the reference map. Third order
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model was constructed and finally registration of image was carried out with
nearest neighborhood resampling taking map as reference and one map
registration was achieved.
Then the subset of image has been taken according to the boundary of the
study area. The digital classification technique has been used for the
extraction of the landuse/landcover information from the imagery. Eight
different landuse/landcover classes have been identified in the area under
study. Table shows the information about the extent of landuse/landcover
classes in the study area.
Fig.3.9 Satellite Image of 10 km radius area around Project Site.
Landuse/ Landcover Classes Details:
Satellite data for Rabi season was classified using supervised classification
technique. Maximum likelihood algorithm classifier was used for the analysis.
The scenes were individually classified and then were integrated to get a
composite classified output where information from Rabi season is available. A
truth table was generated taking 0.95 as the conversion threshold. After
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aggregation, the final classified output was converted in raster format. The
image was then converted in raster format, which is understood by GIS. Eight
landuse/landcover classes identified in total 10 km radius area around Project
Site. The area under each class has been calculated and given below.
Table 3.18: Landuse/ Landcover Statistics of the Ten Km radius Area.
Sr.
No.
LAND USE AREA (Ha) AREA (%)
1 Built-Up Land Settlements 1541.25 4.89
2 Water Bodies Tank/River/Dry Reservoir etc. 361.25 1.14
3 Forest Vegetation 66.78 0.21
4 Crop Land Irrigated crop land 4516.02 14.33 Fallow land 5271.21 16.75
5 Waste Lands Land with scrub 11080.22 35.21 Land without scrub 8622.54 27.41
Total 31471.98 100.00
Fig.3.10 Landuse/landcover map of 10 km radius area around Project Site
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Digital Cartographic Database preparation in GIS
GIS is an integrated information system having capability to capture, store, edit,
manipulate, analyze and retrieve all types of spatial and non-spatial information
about a particular area. The advent of electronics and computing techniques coupled
with the development of GIS has increased the potential of creating and maintaining
databases using geographical space as the key field. The database can be used for
speedier monitoring, assessment, planning, and management of various aspects of
natural resources.
Comprehensive GIS based database was generated for the study area that comprises
of the following data sets. Resource data such as landuse from remote sensing data,
soil map, geology, water bodies, surface and ground water sampling locations,
drainage, contour.
4. 3.11 Socio-Economic Environment:
Socio-economic status of the population is an indicator for development of the
region. The data collection in respect of the impact of urbanization and
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industrialization on socio-economic aspects in the study area has been done through
primary household survey and through the analysis of secondary data available for
the study area.
Methodology
This methodology is adopted in the assessment of socio-economic condition is as
given below.
Ø To evaluate parameters defining socio-economic condition of the
population.
Ø Analysis of the identified socio attributes like, population distribution,
availability of public utilities etc. through literature like District Census
Handbook.
Ø Primary households survey to assess the present status of population of
the study area.
Ø Public opinion for future industrialization in the study area.
Sources of Information
As per the scope of the study, the information on socio-economic aspects has been
gathered and compiled from several secondary sources. These include Taluka Office,
Collectorate, Agriculture Department, Irrigation Department, Central Ground Water
Board, Department of Mines and Geology etc. The demographic data has mainly
been compiled from the ‘District Census Handbook, 2011’ for Solapur District, as
these documents are comprehensive and authentic.
Social Profile
Sociological aspects include human settlement, demographic and socio-economic
aspects and infrastructures facilities available in the study area. The economic
aspects include agriculture and occupational structure of workers.
Settlement Pattern
As explained earlier this area is covered in Taluka – Barshi. The study area is
decided as an area with 10 Km radius from proposed project. Altogether there are
18 villages in the study area.
Summary of Population data for Study Area based on 2001 census:
Description Total
Area details
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Area of village (in hectares) 28241
Number of households 7885
Population data based on 2001
census
Total population - Persons 39338
Total population - Males 20508
Total population - Females 18830
Scheduled castes population - Persons 4231
Scheduled castes population - Males 2159
Scheduled castes population - Females 2072
Scheduled tribes population - Persons 256
Scheduled tribes population - Males 136
Scheduled tribes population - Females 120
Education facilities
Education facilities
Number of primary schools 26
Number of middle schools 18
Number of secondary schools 11
Number of senior secondary schools 4
Number of colleges 0
College available within range 1
Number of adult literacy class/centres 2
3.12 Hydrogeology
Depth of Ground Water and Seasonal Variation
Dug / Bore wells are more common and popular in the study area. Most of the wells
are shallow type and water table is at about 6 M depth. The deep dug wells are up
to a depth of 10 M.
Ground Water Potential
Ground water potential has been assessed as per the data collected from the State
Ground Water Department, Irrigation Department and Central Ground Water Board.
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In general, granites and dharwar schist that are known to be hard rocks which have
least porosity mainly underlie the entire region. However, ground water is found in
pockets of the area in the zones of weathered, jointed and fractured rocks.
The dug well in the area generally tap water in the weathered zone and very few
extend downwards in the tapping joints and fractured zones. The thickness of the
weathered zones varies between the domestic wells and that of irrigation wells. Dug
wells generally located in valley areas and in the canal command areas yield better
ground water.
Bore wells in the area are around approx. 260 Nos. and are normally up to a depth
of 50 -100 M. the yield of these wells as well as the pumping period varies from 6 to
8 hours/day. Most of the dug wells, dug-cum-bore, and shallow bore wells up to 30
M tap the shallow aquifers. The bore wells deeper than 30 M tap the water from
fractures, occurring between 30 to 100 M depth, which tap medium to deep
aquifers.
Data pertaining to lakes and ponds from irrigation department was not available and
factors like seepage and ground water recharge due to these have not been
considered at this stage.
Drainage Map:
Drainage layer, which was generated after scanning the thematic manuscripts, was
edited for line the errors. Two different layers were made separately for line
drainage. Drainage order was given to all the drain lines in the layer‘s. Strahler
method of ordering was used for giving order to drainage. Whenever two drains of
any order joined the order of next drain was increase by one. The study area has an
order of fourth. River name also attached as attribute to drainage layer. All the water
bodies and river with sufficient width were put in polygon layer.
The area shows not much of undulating topography thus it shows the Dendritic
drainage patterns.
Figure 3.11 Drainage pattern of the study area
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Contour –
Thematic manuscript for contour layer was generated from Survey of India toposheet
at 1:50,000 scale. After scanning coverage was generated. Coverage was edited to
remove all errors of dangle. Attribute value was given to each contour in the
coverage.
Fig.3.12: Contour map of 10 km radius area around Project Site.
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Village Map:
Village layer was prepared from SOI toposheet at 1:50,000 scale, 10 km radius area
around the project site. After scanning the manuscript layer was prepared. The point
layer was prepared. Errors were removed after editing the layer.
Fig. 3.13: Village map of 10 km radius area around Project Site.
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Accessibility Map:
Fig. 3.14: Accessibility map of 10 km radius area around Project Site.
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Major Road and Railway network layer was prepared from SOI toposheet at 1:50,000
scale 10 km radius area around the project site. After scanning the manuscript layer
was prepared. Errors were removed after editing the layer. Attributes were given to
different types of road and railway.
3.13 SEISMICITY Based on the tectonic features and records of earthquake, a Seismic Zoning map has
been developed for the country by Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS). Seismic Zoning
Map of India is placed as Figure 3.15
Figure 3.18 : Seismic Zone Map
The area under study falls in Zone-II, according to the Indian Standard Seismic
Zoning Map. Suitable seismic coefficients in horizontal and vertical directions
respectively, have to be adopted while designing the structures.
* * * * *
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CHAPTER 4
Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
4.1 Introduction
Prediction of impacts is the most important step of environmental impact
assessment. Predictions are superimposed over baseline environmental status to
derive ultimate environmental scenario. The impact of the proposed sugar mill,
distillery and co-generation plant has been considered and discussed in this chapter.
Both beneficial (positive) and adverse (negative) impacts on various components of
environment due to proposed expansion are identified, based on the nature of the
various activities associated with the proposed project operations. Environment
impact analysis gives an indication of ways to consider modelling the project to
mitigate adverse impacts through best practicable environmental option or alternate
processes.
Based on the present environmental scenario and baseline data, an exercise has
been done to identify and evaluate the impact on the environment of the study area
due to the proposed project.
The proposed project may influence the environment of the area in two phases:
Phase I: During the Construction period, the impact may be temporary or
short term
Phase II: During the Operation Phase which may have long term effects.
4.2 Impacts during Construction Phase & Mitigation Measures
Probable environmental impacts during construction phase are typically due to
activities related to clearing of vegetation, leveling of site, civil constructions erection
of structures and installation of equipment.
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4.2.1 Air Environment
Impact on Air Quality
The main sources for impact of air quality during construction period is due to
movement of vehicles and construction equipment at site, dust emitted during
leveling, grading, earthmoving, foundation works, transportation of construction
material etc. Hence, during the construction phase, particulate matter (PM10&
PM2.5) would be the main pollutants. The emissions from vehicles and construction
equipment could also be of some concern on a local level.
Air Pollution Mitigation Measures
The dust generated will also be fugitive in nature, which can be controlled by
sprinkling of water. The impacts will be localized in nature and the areas outside the
project boundary are not likely to have any major impact with respect to ambient air
quality.
The construction of proposed units would result in the increase of SPM
concentrations due to fugitive dust. Frequent water sprinkling in the vicinity of the
construction sites would be undertaken and will be continued after the completion of
plant construction as there is scope for heavy truck mobility. It will be ensured that
diesel powered vehicles will be properly maintained to comply with exhaust emission
requirements.
4.2.2 Noise Environment
Impact on Noise Levels
The major sources of noise during the construction phase are vehicles and
construction .The operation of the equipment can generate noise in the range 85-90
dB (A) near the source. The noise will be generated within the plant boundary and
will be temporary in nature.
Noise Levels Mitigation Measures
The noise control measures during the construction phase include provision of caps
on the construction equipment and regular maintenance of the equipment.
Equipment will be maintained appropriately to keep the noise level within 75 dB(A).
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Wherever possible, equipment will be provided with silencers and mufflers. High
noise producing construction activities will be restricted to daytime only. Further,
workers deployed in high noise areas will be provided with necessary protective
devices such as ear plug, ear-muffs etc. Overall, the impact due to increase in noise
on the environment would be insignificant, localized and confined to the day hours.
4.2.3 Water Environment
Impact on Water Resources and Quality
Impact on water quality during construction phase is due to non-point discharges of
sewage generated from the construction work force stationed at the site. Plant
sanitation facilities (septic tanks) will be utilized for treatment and disposal of
sanitary sewage generated by the work force. Runoffs from the construction yards
and worker camps during monsoon could affect the quality of water bodies in the
project area. Further there is possibility of water stagnation in ponds and ditches
which can create an environment conducive to disease carrying vectors.
Water Pollution Mitigation Measures
Toilets with septic tanks will be constructed at site for workers and it will be ensured
that domestic wastewater generated in worker colonies does not flow to water
bodies. The overall impact on water environment during construction phase due to
expansion activities is likely to be short term and insignificant. By adopting necessary
mitigation measures the overall impact on water environment during construction
phase of the project will be temporary and insignificant.
4.2.4 Land Environment
Impact on Land use
Preparatory activities like construction of access roads, temporary offices, and go-
downs, piling, storage of construction materials etc. will be confined within the
project area. These will not exercise any significant impact except altering the land
use pattern of the existing site. The impact will be insignificant on the adjoining
land. No forestland is involved. Therefore, impact will be negligible.
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Impact on Topography
Topographically, the area forms slightly elevated land and general elevation is from
North to South. Most of the area forms plain land covered with mixed soil. Adequate
storm water drains will be provided to collect and carry the surface runoff during
monsoon to the natural drainage system of the project area.
4.2.5 Socio-economic Environment
The socio-economic impacts during the construction phase of the proposed
Enhancement Sugar plant with Cogeneration & Distillery Plant could result due to
migrant workers, worker camps, induced development etc. Increase in floating
population. The local population will have employment opportunities in related
service activities like petty commercial establishments, small contracts/sub-contracts
and supply of construction materials for buildings and ancillary infrastructures etc.
consequently, this will contribute to economic up liftment of the area. Normally, the
construction activity will benefit the local population in a number of ways, which
include the increase in requirement of construction skilled, semi-skilled and un-
skilled workers, tertiary sector employment and provision of goods and services for
daily needs including transport.
Ø Local people will be given preference for employment depending on their
suitability;
Ø All the applicable guidelines under the relevant Acts and Rules related to
labour welfare and safety will be implemented during the construction phase;
Ø The contractor has been advised to provide fire wood/kerosene/LPG to the
workers to prevent cutting of nearby trees for firewood; and
Ø The construction site will be secured with fencing and is having guarded entry
points.
4.2.6 Storage of Hazardous Material
The hazardous materials used during construction may include diesel and lubricating
oils. These materials will be stored and handled carefully under applicable safety
guidelines. Some of the precautions of storage include the following:-
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Ø Dyked enclosures will be provided so as to contain complete contents of the
largest tank;
Ø Diesel and other fuels will be stored in separate dyke enclosures;
Ø Tanks having large storage capacity for will be separated by fire insulating
walls from other storage tanks; and
Ø The distance between the storage tanks will be maintained half their height.
4.2.7 Facilities to be provided by Labour Contractor
The contractor will be made to provide the following facilities to construction work
force:
Ø First Aid
At work place, first aid facilities will be maintained at a readily accessible
place where necessary appliances including sterilized cotton wool etc.
Ambulance will be kept at the site and made available at workplace to take
injured person to the nearest hospital.
Ø Potable Water
Sufficient supply of water fit for drinking will be provided at suitable places.
Ø Sanitary Facility
Sanitary facilities will be provided at accessible place within the work zone
and kept in a good condition. The contractor will conform to requirement of
local medical and health authorities at all times.
Ø Canteen
The canteen will be provided for the benefit of workers.
Ø Security
ISMCL-2 will provide necessary security to work force in co-ordination with
State authorities.
4.3 Impacts during Operation Phase
During the Operation Phase the establishment of the project, results in emissions,
generation of wastewater and solid waste.
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4.3.1 Air Pollution
Major sources of air pollution in power plant are boiler, and crushers. Fugitive dust
emissions are also inevitable from raw material handling system as well as
transportation. The standby DG sets will be provided with adequate stacks as per
CPCB norm.
Transportation of Raw Material & Finished Goods
The emissions from transportation of Raw Material and Finished Goods within the
plant area have been considered as line source emissions all along the road. The
stack emissions are reflected on existing baseline concentrations of the study area.
The concerning emission will be only from Point Source i.e. from Stack of Boiler,
which will be released through a stack of 75 m. height. The emissions along with
details of Stack are shown in Table 4.1.
Table 4.1 Stack & Emission Details with Pollution control Equipment
Parameters
Type of Fuel Conc. Spent wash &
Coal
No. of Units 1
Capacity of Boiler 22 TPH
Coal Consumption (t/day) 72
Sulphur Content 0.5%
No. of Stack 1
Height of Stack (m) 60
Diameter of Stack (mm) 4000
Temperature of Flue Gas (°C) 150
Particulate matter at outlet
at outlet of ESP (gm/sec)
(based on 50 mg/Nm3 at
outlet)
PM>10 0.2
PM10 0.134
(65% of PM
PM 2.5 0.062
(30% of PM)
Sulphur dioxide emission (gm/sec) 11
Oxides of Nitrogen (gm/sec)
(Based on 750 mg/Nm3 at outlet)
4.027
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The emissions from other point source i.e. exhausts of Diesel set will be of
insignificant value. The area wise source of emissions in sugar mill cannot be
expected and as such, the ambient air quality will remain unaffected.
In order to estimate the ground level concentrations due to the emission from the
proposed project, EPA approved Industrial Source Complex AERMOD View Model has
been employed. The mathematical model used for predictions on air quality impact
in the present study is ISC-AERMOD View. It is the next generation air dispersion
model, which incorporates planetary boundary layer concepts. The AERMOD is
actually a modelling system with three separate components: AERMOD (AERMIC
Dispersion Model), AERMAP (AERMOD Terrain Pre-processor), and AERMET
(AERMOD Meteorological Pre-processor). Special features of AERMOD include its
ability to treat the vertical in homogeneity of the planetary boundary layer special
treatment of surface releases, irregularly-shaped area sources, a plume model for
the convective boundary layer, limitation of vertical mixing in the stable boundary
layer, and fixing the reflecting surface at the stack base. The AERMET is the
meteorological pre-processor for the AERMOD.
Input data can come from hourly cloud cover observations, surface meteorological
observations and twice-a-day upper air soundings. Output includes surface
meteorological observations and parameters and vertical profiles of several
atmospheric parameters. The AERMAP is a terrain pre-processor designed to simplify
and standardize the input of terrain data for the AERMOD. Input data include
receptor terrain elevation data. Output includes, for each receptor, location and
height scale, which are elevations used for the calculation of airflow around hills.
Post Project Scenario
Predicted maximum ground level concentrations considering micro meteorological
data of post monsoon season (September – November 2013) are superimposed on
the maximum baseline concentrations obtained during the study period to estimate
the post project scenario, which would prevail at the post operational phase. The
overall scenario with predicted concentrations over the maximum baseline
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concentrations is shown in the Table 4.2 along with isopleths shown in Figures 4.1
to 4.3.
Change in Air Dispersion Model
Figure 4.1 (a) 24 Hrs NOx
(b) Post monsoon NOx
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Figure 4.2 (a) 24 Hrs PM10
(b) Post monsoon PM10
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Figure 4.2 (a) 24 Hrs SO2
(b) Post monsoon SO2
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The measures to minimize air pollution have been envisaged as under:
v Providing adequate stack height as per norms of MoEF & SPCB for wider
dispersion of pollutants, resulting in lower ground level concentration.
v Stacks of Boiler will be equipped with ESP.
Electro Static Precipitator (ESP) Details
A suitable ESP so that the fly ash contents of flue gases leaving the chimney confirm
to the rules and regulations of the pollution act as applicable to the factory and as
outlet concentration below 100 mg/Nm3.
A certificate to this effect should be obtained from pollution control board under
whose jurisdiction this mills falls.
The ESP shall be installed on the suction side of the I.D. fan and shall to be
complete with rotary airlock valve with drive provided with local and remote push
button control, and a side manual gate. The minimum elevation of discharge flange
of the rotary airlock valve shall be at + 2500 mm.
Suitable platform, ladder, inspection and poking holes etc., shall be provided to
facilitate regular inspection and cleaning of the ESP. All electrical including MCC,
rectifiers, panels, electrical & control cables, earthling will be in place. ESP control
shall be from control room.
The design & supply will suitable flue gas cleaning system to ensure that the flue
gases entering the chimney do not contain SPM in excess of 100 mg/Nm3. The
exhausts of DG set will be provided with adequate height as per norms prescribed by
Central Pollution Control Board.
Resultant Concentrations after Commissioning of the Project
The resultant concentration after the commissioning of the proposed boiler on the GLC of
SPM as predicted and super imposing the predicted values on the maximum baseline
concentrations recorded during the study period respective to the direction and distance of
the monitoring location . The cumulative ground level concentrations (baseline + increment)
after commissioning of the proposed project are presented in Table 4.2
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5. Table 4.2: Predicted Maximum Cumulative Short Term Ground Level
Concentration
Pollutants
Maximum
Incremental
Concentration
due to
Proposed
Boiler
Location
Maxm. AAQ
Concentration
Recorded
during
study period
µg / m3
Resultant
Concentration Distance
In Meter Place
SPM
01st
Value 0.115 100
Around
the
Proposed
Site
152.2 152.315
02nd
Value 0.100 250
Around
the
Proposed
Site
135.2 135.3
The predicted GLCs for SPM after commissioning of the proposed project are not
found to be significant to add up on the existing ambient air quality. However, the
proposed air pollution control system for boiler, Electro Static Precipitator (ESP) will
be installed for further improving the existing ambient air quality and help in
bringing down the ambient air quality.
The estimated cumulative GLCs for SPM after commissioning of the proposed project are
found to be well within the ambient air quality standards prescribed by CPCB. Hence it can
be concluded that the impact on Air Quality by the proposed project will be negligible. The
environment around the proposed site has enough buffers to assimilate these insignificant
values. The favorable wind and the proposed height of stack will disperse these pollutants in
different directions fast to longer distance with negligible concentrations.
4.3.2 Water Pollution
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The effluent from the sugar mill will essentially be subjected to the effluent
treatment plant and then will be utilized for irrigation and other horticultural uses.
The domestic effluent will be treated into STP followed by Gardening. As such no
waste water will be discharged into surface water.
Waste water generation
The total waste water generations from the Sugar plant along with the Cogeneration
Plant will be 488m3/day and 560m3/day from distillery unit. The generated
wastewater will be sent to Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) and the treated
wastewater will be used for cane irrigation and green belt development.
Sewage from various buildings in the plant
Sewage from various buildings in the plant area will be conveyed through separate
drains of the septic tank followed by Sewage Treatment Plant with capacity 50
m3/day. Sludge will be removed occasionally and disposed off as a land fill at
suitable places.
Impact on Water Quality
There will not be any direct impact on ground water quality or surface water quality
due to the project operation. As mentioned earlier chapters any percolation of waste
water into ground water would be prevented by providing suitable facilities.
Moreover, the soil around the area is predominantly sandy loam. The water holding
capacity is also good. As such, the ground water all along the project area will not
be affected by the activities of the project.
Sugar mill effluent will be treated in Effluent treatment plants with capacity of 500
m3/day and 650m3/day for sugar-cogen unit and distillery unit respectively. The
treated water will be reused for the green belt development and agricultural
purposes.
4.3.3 Solid Waste
Fly ash collected from the ESP hoppers and the air heaters hoppers and the ash
collected from the furnace bottom hoppers can be used as landfill. The total fly ash
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is 30TPD will be used as manure. The high potash content in the bagasse ash makes
the ash as good manure.
Press mud of 125 TPD will be sold to farmers as manure. The liquid molasses 250
TPD will be sent to distillery for manufacture of alcohol.
4.3.4 Impact on Ecology
The enhanced project will not have any significant impact on ecology as there are no
reserve forests in the study area and in addition to that the project will implement
an effective environmental management plan to control the emissions from the
project.
Green belt development
The total project area acquired for plant is 116 acres, and more than 33% of it, i.e.
50 acres land will be used for green belt and agriculture development. Local species
will be preferred for green belt development.
4.3.5 Demography and Socio-economics
The impacts due to enhanced project on demography and socio economic condition
are as follows:-
Ø Increase in employment opportunities and Reduction in migrants to outside
for employment.
Ø Increase in literacy rate.
Ø Growth in service sectors
Ø Increase in consumer prices of indigenous produce and services, land prices,
house rent rates and Labour prices.
Ø Improvement in socio cultural environment of the study area.
Ø Improvement in transport, communication, health and educational services.
Ø Increase in employment due to increased business, trade commerce and
service sector.
Ø The overall impact on the socio economic environment will be beneficial.
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4.3.6 Impact on Health
Adequate air pollution and noise control measures will be provided. The
environmental management and emergency preparedness plans will be prepared to
ensure that the probability of undesired events and consequences would be reduced,
and adequate mitigation measures will be provided in case of an emergency. The
overall impact on Human health is negligible during operation of plant.
* * * * *
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Chapter 5
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM
Pollution Monitoring and Surveillance Systems
For Proposed Enhanced Sugar Plant and Cogeneration power plant, the Indian
Emission Regulations stipulate the limits for particulate matter emissions and
appropriate stack heights will be maintained for keeping the emission levels in the
ambient within the air quality standards. The characteristics of the effluent from the
plant would be maintained so as to meet the requirements of the State Pollution
Control Board and the National Standards for Sugar Plant stipulated by the Central
Board for Prevention and Control of Water Pollution.
Air Quality monitoring programme
The purpose of air quality monitoring is acquisition of data for comparison against
prescribed standards, thereby ensuring that the quality of air is maintained within
the permissible levels. It is proposed to monitor the following from the stack
emissions:-
v Particulate Matter (SPM, PM10& PM2.5)
v Sulphur dioxide
v Oxides of Nitrogen
It is proposed to monitor particulate emission qualitatively and quantitatively in the
stack and with the aid of a continuous particulate stack monitoring system. The
stack monitoring data would be utilized to keep a continuous check on the
performance of wet scrubber. Further it is proposed to monitor and record the
weather parameters such as temperature (maximum & minimum), Relative humidity,
wind direction, wind speed, rainfall etc. on daily basis, for this purpose, it is
proposed to install Weather Monitoring Station with necessary gadgets.
5.0 Post Project Environmental Monitoring
Environmental monitoring will be conducted on regular basis to assess the pollution
level in the plant as well in the surrounding area. Therefore, regular monitoring
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program of the environmental parameters is essential to take into account the
changes in the environment. The objectives of monitoring are:-
Ø To verify the result of the impact assessment study in particular with regards
to new developments;
Ø To follow the trend of parameters which have been identified as critical;
Ø To check or assess the efficacy of the controlling measures;
Ø To ensure that new parameters, other than those identified in the impact
assessment study, do not become critical through the commissioning of new
installations or through the modification in the operation of existing facilities;
Ø To check assumptions made with regard to the development and to detect
deviations in order to initiate necessary measures; and
Ø To establish a database for future Impact Assessment Studies for expansion
projects.
The attributes, which merit regular monitoring, are specified below:-
v Air quality;
v Water and wastewater quality;
v Noise levels;
v Soil quality;
v Ecological preservation and afforestation and
v Socio Economic aspects and community development
The post project monitoring will be carried out at the industry level is discussed
below:
5.1 Monitoring and Reporting Procedure
Regular monitoring of important and crucial environmental parameters has an
immense importance to assess the status of environment during plant operation.
With the knowledge of baseline conditions, the monitoring programme can serve as
an indicator for any deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation of the
plant and suitable mitigation steps could be taken in time to safeguard the
environment. Monitoring is as important as that of control of pollution since the
efficiency of control measures can only be determined by monitoring. The following
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routine monitoring programme would therefore be implemented. A comprehensive
monitoring program will be implemented is given in the Table 5.2.
Table 5.2 Post Project Monitoring Source
Source Location Parameters
to be
monitored
Frequency Responsibilit
y
Meteorology At the project
site
Wind speed,
direction,
temperature,
relative
humidity
rainfall
Hourly M/s ISMCL
Ambient Air
Quality
Within plant
and
surrounding
10km radial
zone.
PM10, PM2.5
SO2, NOx
Monthly M/s ISMCL
Water Quality Within the
plant and
surrounding
10km radial
zone Surface
Water As well
as Ground
Water
As per IS:
10500
Monthly M/s ISMCL
Noise Levels Within the
plant and
surrounding
10km radial
zone.
Noise levels Monthly M/s ISMCL
Soil quality Within the Soil Monthly M/s ISMCL
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plant and 10
km radial zone
parameters
Boilers Individual
Units
Particulate
matter, SO2,
NOx
Monthly M/s ISMCL
Wastewater Inlet and
outlet of ETP
Steam–
Generator
Blow down
Cooling Tower
pH, TDS, COD,
SS and others
. pH, SS, Oil,
Grease, Cu,
Iron
Phosphates
Monthly
Weekly
Weekly
M/s ISMCL
5.2 Environmental Laboratory Equipment
The plant will have an in-house environmental laboratory for the online monitoring
of air, noise, water and soil. For all non-routine analysis, the plant may utilize the
services of external accredited laboratory facilities. The laboratory equipment
required for monitoring and analysis are given below:
Table-5.3 List of Equipment Proposed for Environmental Laboratory
Name of the Equipment Nos.
Automatic Weather Station, which can record wind speed,
wind direction temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, Solar
radiation Sunshine
1
a) Online Automatic gaseous stack monitoring kit for SO2,
NOx, O2, Flue gas volume, Temperature etc. b) On line dust
monitor
1
Fine Particulate Matter samplers with PM10& PM2.5 provision 5
Portable Flue Gas Combustion Analyser 1
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer 1
Mercury analyzer 1
Portable Noise level meter (Dosimeter) 2
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Portable Waste Water Analysis Kit 1
BOD Incubator 1
COD Digester 2
Electronic Balance 1
Calorimeter 1
Conductivity Meter 2
Different micron sieves (set) 1 set
Dissolved Oxygen Meter – Brief case size 2
Electronic colony counter 1
Flask Shaker 1
Hot Air Oven 2
Laboratory Water Distillation and demineralization (DM) unit 2
5.3 Environmental Management Group
A separate environmental management group will be established to implement the
management plan. The group will be headed by a Superintending Engineer. The
group will ensure the suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of the Environment
Management Program. The management review process will ensure that the
necessary information is collected to allow management to carry out its evaluation.
This review will be documented. Functions of Environmental Management Group
(EMG) at Site will be:-
Ø Obtaining consent order from State Pollution Control Board.
Ø Environmental monitoring.
Ø Analysis of environmental data, reports, preparations and transmission of
report to statutory authorities, Corporate Centre etc.
Ø Co-ordinate with statutory bodies, functional groups of the station, head
office etc.
Ø Interactions for evolving and implementation of modification programs to
improve the availability / efficiency of pollution control devices / systems.
Ø Environmental Appraisal (Internal) and Environmental Audit.
* * * * *
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Chapter– 6
Additional Studies
(Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan)
6.1 Risk Assessment
6.1.1 Introduction -
Risk assessment is a methodology to determine the nature and extent of risk by
analysing potential hazards and evaluating existing conditions of vulnerability that
could pose a potential threat or harm to people, property, livelihoods and the
environment on which they depend.
Risks are inherent in proposed thermal power plant operations since they involve
working with
· High pressure super-heaters, re-heaters, economizer units exchanging heat
with the hot flue gases
· Turbines that utilize the HP steam to generate power
· Fuel oil handling units
· Hydrogen as a coolant in turbo generators drawn from hydrogen cylinders
· Switchyard including transformers, isolators
Nevertheless, a properly designed and operated plant will have a very low probability
(to a level of acceptable risk) of accident occurrence. Subsequently, a properly
designed and executed management plan can further reduce the probability of any
accident turning into an on-site emergency and/or an off-site emergency.
The three main goals of risk assessment are
· identify risks,
· quantify the impact of the potential threats and
· provide an economic balance between the impact of risk and the cost of the
safeguard
6.1.2 Salient Feature of Risk Mitigation-
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§ Design, manufacture and construction of buildings, plant and machineries will
be as per National and International Codes as applicable in specific cases and
laid down by statutory authorities
§ Provision of adequate access ways for movement of equipment and personnel
will be made
§ Minimum of two numbers of gates for escape during disaster will be provided
§ In the vicinity of main plant entrance, there will be an emergency assembly
point where plant personnel will assemble in the event of any disaster.
§ Adequate numbers of Fire Fighting equipments & Fire extinguishers will be
installed in the work places for emergency purpose and the Supervisors /
Workers will be trained to use the equipments.
§ An ambulance will be provided in the factory premises.
§ A qualified Doctor and a compounder will be employed for attending to any
emergency.
6.1.3 Identification of Risks
For identification of risk due to proposed thermal power plant, it requires in depth
study of
- Raw material
- Process Risk
- Storages
- Operations
- Maintenance
- Safety
- Fire protection
- Effluent disposal
a) Risk: Raw material
Particulars: Availability of sugar cane for crushing
The sugarcane requirement of the Indian Sugar Limited at 5000 TCD would be
hardly 26 % of the currently available sugarcane of Madha Tehsil alone and
sugarcane from nearby Tehsil like Barshi, Mohol, Karmala Pandharpur etc. shall be
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additional available of raw material. No additional sugarcane will be required for the
ISMCL-2 plant operation.
b) Risk: Boiler, turbine, generator and associated areas
Particular: Failure of safety devices, including pressure relief valves and interlocks
Ensuring pressure relief valves and interlocking arrangements as per standard design
of equipment. Regular inspection and periodic safety certification of all safety
devices. Compliance with required rules and regulations for safety systems.
c) Risk: Potential exposure to electricity
Particular: Entire power plant, specifically the generator area, distribution panel,
and control rooms
Follow up of standard operating procedures and regular training on electrical safety.
Ensure suitability and adaptability of electrical equipment with respect to classified
hazardous areas and protection against lightening protection and static charges.
Adopting preventive maintenance practices as per testing and inspection schedules.
Ensure all maintenance and repair jobs with prior work permit system. Use of
personal protective equipment and ensuring compliance of the Indian Electricity
Rules, 2003. Ensure all electrical circuits designed for automatic, remote shut down.
d) Risk: Fire incident
Particular: Entire power plant, specifically the Storage area, electrical wearing and
fuel handling area.
Follow up of standard operating procedures and regular training on fire fighting
Mock drills of fire fighting .Installation of fire alarm & proper fire extinguisher.
Ensure suitability and adaptability of electrical equipment with respect to classified
hazardous areas and protection against lightening protection and static charges.
Adopting preventive maintenance practices as per testing and inspection.
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e) Risk: Effluent Disposal
Particular: Ash generated from cogeneration plant, solid and effluent generated
from sugar and Ethanol plant.
Standard operating procedures for disposal of ash need to follow like Isolated
disposal of hot ash inside the plant premises, use ash for land filling, brick & cement
manufacturing. Effluent will be treated as per regulatory norms and treated water
will be reused. Solid organic waste will be used bio composting to produce fertilizer.
Regular monitoring will be carried out as per schedule to avoid any kind of pollution
f) Risk: Health Risk
Particular: Exposure to toxic and corrosive chemicals
Provision of secondary containment system for all liquid corrosive chemicals fuel and
lubricating oil storages. Constructing storage tanks and pipes for toxic chemicals and
fuel oil as per the applicable standards. Inspection and radiography will follow to
minimize risk of tank or pipeline failure. Provision of protective equipment such as
protective clothing and goggles, safety shoes, and breathing masks for workers
working in chemical storage and handling areas. Provision of emergency eyewash
and showers in the working area.
g) Risk: Safety risk
Particular: Ensure Worker Safety
Periodical SHE training of staff and contractor. Ensuring special training to develop
competent persons to manage specific issues such as safety from the system, risk
assessment, scaffolding, and fire protection, Training will include the proper use of
all equipment operated, safe lifting practices, the location and handling of fire
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extinguishers, and the use of personal protective equipment. Ensure good
housekeeping practices (e.g., keeping all walkways clear of debris, cleaning up oil
spots and excess water as soon as they are noticed, and regular inspection and
maintenance of all machinery). Daily collection and separate storage of hazardous
and non-hazardous waste.
h) Risk: Force Majeure and Insurance coverage to the Project
Particular: Natural calamities like flood, earthquake, fire, and other act of God and
Act of Man etc.
Mitigation: Complete plant need to be insured and also care has been considered
while designing and construction of the plant to minimize the impact.
Third party Liability, Workers compensation, Employers Liability, Legal and
contractual liabilities, Loss of profit due to interruption due to fire machine, break
down, and related perils, Loss of profit due to loss of generation are some of the
other risk against which the mitigation measures has been considered in the project
by the way of insurance.
i) Risk: Transportation and Storage of Ethanol
Particular: The release of Ethanol from the pipe line over the ground from the land
point to the storage terminal, storage tank failure during transportation is all the
possible scenarios
Mitigation: Providing flame arrestors on the top of all the storage tanks. Flame proof
fitting to all the systems which handles the alcohol. Transfer of alcohol is by pipes
only. All the lightings are of flame proof. Water sump with a holding capacity. Foam
Extinguishers inside the warehouse. Flame arresters' will be provided in gas lines to
protect the digester from back fire from the flame and / or the boiler burner. Over /
under pressure release device will be provided on biogas digester for it's safety from
over pressure / vacuum.
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6.1.4 Additional Risk & Mitigation
a) Risk: Performance risk
Particular: Ensured sugar cane & fuel availability
Mitigations: Sound cane development program planned, with appointment of
experienced senior professionals and staff for the purpose. Biomass depots, trash
bailers and entrepreneurship development / contracts with biomass traders
proposed. A full time fuel manager and dedicated staff has been proposed for the
cogen power plant.
b) Risk: Marketing risk
Particular: Sugar / Ethanol sale / export power trade
Mitigates: Firm marketing tie ups in offing for sugar & export power sale. Alternative
marketing channels explored. Own consumption of Ethanol. Urgent follow up &
securing permissions from Government of Bihar / BERC for export power trade,
ethanol price subsidy & capital grants.
c) Risk: Regulatory risk
Particular: Conversion / clearances / tariff order
Mitigates: No difficulty envisaged, as various governmental agencies have already
expressed their willingness to issue approvals / consents. All the approvals in
pipeline. Regulatory process being initiated at BERC will ensure conducive tariff order
allowing sale of exportable power to power traders.
d) Risk: Financial risk
Particular: Financial viability of the project
Mitigates: Satisfactory DSCR, IRR & pay back. Equity participation & term loans
from FIs / SDF being arranged. Sensitivity analysis indicates fairly satisfactory
‘Margin of Safety’
6.2 Disaster Management Plan (DMP)
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6.2.1 Disasters
A disaster is a catastrophic situation in which suddenly, people are plunged into
helplessness and suffering and, as a result, need protection, clothing, shelter,
medical and social care and other necessities of life.
Disasters can be divided into two main groups. In the first, are disasters resulting from
natural phenomena like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, storm surges, cyclones,
tropical storms, floods, avalanches, landslides, forest - fires. The second group
includes disastrous events occasioned by man, or by man's impact upon the
environment. Examples are armed conflict, industrial accidents, radiation accidents,
factory fires, explosions and escape of toxic gases or chemical substances, river
pollution, mining or other structural collapses, air, sea, rail and road transport
accidents and can reach catastrophic dimensions in terms of human loss.
There can be no set criteria for assessing the gravity of a disaster, since this depends
to a large extent on the physical, economic and social environment in which it occurs.
However, all disasters bring in their wake similar consequences that call for immediate
action, whether at the local, national or international level, for the rescue and relief of
the victims. This includes the search for the dead and injured, medical and social care,
removal of the debris, the provision of temporary shelter for the homeless, food,
clothing and medical supplies, and the rapid re-establishment of essential services.
6.2.2 Objectives of DMP
The DMP is aimed at ensuring safety of life, protection of environment, protection of
installation, restoration of production and salvage operations in this same order of
priorities. For effective implementation of the DMP, it should be widely circulated and
personnel training should be provided through rehearsals/drills.
The DMP should reflect the probable consequences of the undesired event due to
deteriorating conditions or through 'Knock on' effects. Further the management
should be able to demonstrate that their assessment of the consequences uses good
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supporting evidence and is based on currently available and reliable information,
incident data from internal and external sources and if necessary the reports of
outside agencies.
To tackle the consequences of a major emergency inside the factory or immediate
vicinity of the factory, a DMP has to be formulated
The objective of the industrial DMP is to make use of the combined resources of the
plant and the outside services to achieve the following:
1. Effect the rescue and medical treatment of casualties;
2. Safeguard other people;
3. Minimise damage to property and the environment;
4. Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control;
5. Identify any dead;
6. Provide for the needs of relatives;
7. Provide authoritative information to the news media;
8. Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected area;
9. Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent inquiry into the
cause and circumstances of the Emergency.
In effect, it is to optimise operational efficiency to rescue, rehabilitate and render
medical help and to restore normalcy.
6.2.3 On Site Emergency Plan
6.2.3.1 General, Industrial, Emergencies
The emergencies that could be envisaged in the plant are as follows:
1. A situation of fire at the storage areas involving chemical storages;
2. Structural failures;
3. Sabotage/Social disorder.
6.2.4 Specific Emergencies Anticipated and Their Possible Mitigation
Measures
6.2.4.1 Leakage from Ethanol storage
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Ethanol and diesel storage will be monitored for even minor leakages. Anybody
noticing leakage from any storage shed, should immediately inform concerned officer
on duty. In case of minor leakage, it is attended by suitable fire protection
equipments. If the leakage is heavy, higher officers are informed immediately. For
avoiding any kind of fire incident leakages inside the factory premises, the following
safety measures have to be undertaken:
· Safety Equipment
1. Fire extinguisher
2. Fire detectors
3. Fire Alarm
The detailed on-site precautions to be taken while handling different emergency
situations have already been depicted in PHA.
6.2.5 Off-Site Emergency Preparedness Plan
The task of preparing the Off-Site Emergency Plan lies with the District Collector.
However, the off-site plan could be prepared with the help of the local district
authorities. The proposed plan would be based on the following guidelines.
6.2.5.1 Introduction
Off-site emergency plan follows the on-site emergency plan. When the consequences
of an emergency situation go beyond the plant boundaries, it becomes an off-site
emergency. Off-site emergency is essentially the responsibility of the public
administration. However, the factory management should provide the public
administration with the technical information relating to the nature, quantum and
probable consequences on the neighbouring population.
The off-site plan in detail should be based on those events, which are most likely to
occur, but other less likely events, which have severe consequence, should also be
considered. Incidents which have very severe consequences yet had a small
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probability of occurrence should also be considered during the preparation of the plan.
However, the key feature of a good off-site emergency plan is flexibility in its
application to emergencies other than those specifically included in the formation of
the plan.
The roles of the various parties who will be involved in the implementation of an off-
site plan are described below. Depending on local arrangements, the responsibility
for the off-site plan should either rest with the works management or, with the local
authority. Either way, the plan should identify an emergency co-ordination officer,
who would take the overall command of the off-site activities. As with the on-site
plan, an emergency control centre should be set-up within which the emergency co-
ordination officer can operate.
An early decision will be required in many cases on the advice to be given to people
living within the range of the accident.
a) In the case of a major fire but without explosion risk, houses close to the fire
only are likely to need evacuation, although a severe smoke hazard may
require this to be reviewed periodically;
b) If a fire is escalating and in turn threatening a store of hazardous material, it
might be necessary to evacuate people nearby, but only if there is time; if
insufficient time exists, people should be advised to stay indoors and shield
themselves from the fire. This latter case particularly applies if the installation
at risk could produce a fireball with severe thermal radiation effects.
c) For release or potential release of toxic materials, limited evacuation may be
appropriate down wind if there is time. The decision would depend partly on
the type of housing "at risk". Conventional housing of solid construction with
windows closed offers substantial protection from the effects of a toxic cloud,
while shanty house, which can exist close to factories, offer little or no
protection.
Although the plan will have sufficient flexibility built in to cover the consequences of
the range of accidents identified for the on-site plan, it will cover in some detail the
handling of the emergency to a particular distance from each major hazard works.
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6.2.6 Aspects Proposed To Consider In Off-Site Emergency Plan
The main aspects, which should be included in the emergency plan, are:
· Organization
· Details of command structure, warning systems, implementation
procedures, emergency control centers.
· Names and appointments of the incident controller, site main controller, their
deputies and other key personnel.
· Communications
Identification of personnel involved, communication centre, call signs, network and list
of telephone numbers.
· Specialized Knowledge
Details of specialist bodies, firms and people upon whom it may be necessary to call
e.g. those with specialised chemical knowledge, laboratories.
· Voluntary Organizations
Details of organizers, telephone numbers, resources etc.
· Chemical Information
Details of the hazardous substances stored or procedure on each site and
a
summary of the risk associated with them.
· Meteorological Information
Arrangements for obtaining details of whether conditions prevailing at the
time and
whether forecasts.
· Humanitarian Arrangements
Transport, evacuation centres, emergency feeding treatment of injured, first aid,
ambulances, and temporary mortuaries.
· Public Information
Arrangements for a] dealing with the media press office; b] informing relatives, etc.
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· Assessment
Arrangements for: (a) collecting information on the causes of the emergency; (b)
reviewing the efficiency and effectiveness of all aspects of the emergency plan.
6.2.7 Role of the Emergency Co-ordination Officer (ECO)
The ECO should co-ordinate various emergency services. The ECO should co-ordinate
closely with the site main controller. Again depending on local arrangements, for very
severe incidents with major or prolonged off-site consequences, the external control
should be passed to a senior local authority administrator or even an administrator
appointed by the central or state government.
6.2.8 Role of the Local Authority
The duty to prepare the off-site plan lies with the local authorities. The emergency
planning officer (EPO) appointed should carry out his duty in preparing for a whole
range of different emergencies within the local authority area.
It will be the responsibility of the EPO to ensure that all those organisations which will
be involved off site in handling the emergency, know of their role and are able to
accept it by having for example, sufficient staff and appropriate equipment to cover
their particular responsibilities. Rehearsals for off-site plans should be organised by
the EPO.
6.2.9 Role of Police
Formal duties of the police during an emergency include protecting life and property
and controlling traffic movements.
Their functions should include controlling bystanders, evacuating the public,
identifying dead, dealing with casualties, and informing relatives of death or injury.
6.2.10 Role of Fire Authorities
The control of a fire should normally be the responsibility of the senior fire brigade
officer who would take over the handling of the fire from the site incident controller on
arrival at the site. The senior fire brigade officer should also have a similar
responsibility for other events, such as explosions and toxic release. Fire authorities in
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the region should be appraised about the location of all stores of flammable materials,
water and foam supply points, and fire-fighting equipment. They should be involved in
on-site emergency rehearsals both as participants and, on occasion, as observers of
exercises involving only site personnel.
6.2.11 Role of Health Authorities
Health authorities, including doctors, surgeons, hospitals, ambulances, and so on,
should have a vital part to play following a major accident, and they should form an
integral part of the emergency plan. For major fires, injuries should be the result of
the effects of thermal radiation to a varying degree, and the knowledge and
experience to handle these in all but extreme cases may be generally available in most
hospitals. Injuries should be the result of the effects of thermal radiation to a varying
degree, and the knowledge and experience to handle this in all but extreme cases
may be generally available in most hospitals. For major toxic releases, the effects vary
according to the chemicals in question. The health authorities should be appraised
about the likely toxic releases from the plant, which will unable then in dealing with
the aftermath of a toxic release.
Major off-site incidents are likely to require medical equipment and facilities
additional to those available locally, and a medical " mutual aid " scheme should
exist to enable the assistance of neighbouring authorities to be obtained in the event
of an emergency
6.2.12 Role of Government Safety Authority
There will be the factory inspectors available in the region. They may wish to see
well-documented procedures and evidence of exercise undertaken to test the plan.
In the event of an accident, local arrangements regarding the role of the factory
inspector will apply. These may vary from keeping a watching brief to a close
involvement in advising on operations. In cases where toxic gases may have been
released, the factory inspectors may be the only external agency with equipment
and resources to carry out tests.
* * * * *
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Chapter 7
PROJECT BENEFITS
7.0 Benefits
M/s. Indian Sugar Mfg. Co. Limited (ISMCL-2) is a Public Limited
Company. ISMCL Unit no- 02 have proposed to New Establishment of
sugar, co-generation and disti l lery project, production capacity of sugar
plant 5000 TCD & co-generation 25 MW and 60 KLPD disti l lery unit at
A/p- Turk Pimpri, Tq- Barshi, Dist-Solapur This project development will give
rise to social and economic development measures in the study area.
7.1 Improvement in Physical Infrastructure
The Enhancement project is expected to yield a positive impact on the
socio-economic environment. It helps in sustainable development of
this area including further development of physical Infrastructural
facil i ties. The following physical infrastructure faci l i ties wil l improve
due to proposed project:-
Ø Road Transport faci l it ies
Ø Educational faci l i ties
Ø Water supply and sanitation
7.2 Improvement in Social Infrastructure
The Enhancement project wil l lead to direct and indirect employment
opportunity. Employment is expected during civil construction period, in
trade, garbage lifting, sanitation, plantation works and other anci l lary
services. Employment in these sectors wil l be primari ly temporary or
contractual and involvement of unski l led labour will be more. This wil l
enhance their income and lead to overall economic growth of the area.
The fol lowing changes in socio-economic status are expected to take
place with this project.
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The project wil l have a strong positive employment and income effect,
both direct as well as indirect because of better indirect employment
opportunities due to this project. The project is going to have positive
impact on consumption behavior by way of raising average consumption
and income through multiplier effect. The project is going to bring
about changes in the pattern of demand from food to non-food items
and sufficient income is generated. Following development of social
infrastructures will be carried out:
Ø Education faci l i ties
Ø Banking facil it ies
Ø Post off ices and Communication facil i ties
Ø Medical facil i ties
Ø Recreation facil i ties
Ø Business establishments
Ø Community faci l i ties
7.3 Places of Historical Importance
There is no historical or archaeological monument within 10 km of the
area. Industrial development and consequent economic development
wil l lead to improvement in the l iving standards of the people and
enhanced social awareness. On the other hand, the Enhancement
project is l ikely to have several benefits l ike improvement in indirect
employment generation and economic growth of the area, by way of
improved infrastructure facil it ies and better socio-economic conditions.
This section of report describes the direct and indirect benefits that the proposed
sugar Plant is expected to have at the local, regional or even national scale. The
benefits from the project on the infrastructure in general and on the socio-economic
status will be described.
7.4 Multiplier Effect
The project will have excellent multiplier effect and will become truly a win-win
situation for all the stakeholders. Thus, the proposed project has substantial socio-
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economic and environmental benefits at the local, the State, the Regional and the
National levels.
Composted manure will be given to farmers in the subsidized rates, such kind of bio
fertilizer will increase the fertility of the land reduces the use of chemical fertilizer.
7.5 Aesthetic Environment
The proposed project will reduce the pollution load in the micro level environment.
And the aesthetic beauty will get a chance to be much better than earlier.
7.6 Other tangible benefits
Both tangible and non-tangible benefits wil l result from this activity
and many of those are described above. Apart from direct employment,
many other benefits wil l accrue l ike
Ø Flood control by rain-water arresting, and harvesting
Ø Groundwater level enhancing by recharging
Ø Time saving by quicker transport
Ø Aesthetics improvement by general greening with emphasis on
biodiversity
Ø Availabi l i ty of nursery facil i tates plantation
Ø Developed economy strengthens democratic set-up.
Ø Strengthened democratic set-up wil l bring weightage to secure
better school-subsidy and health-institutes
Ø Developed economy brings with it l i teracy and healthful l iving.
Ø Improved safety-security in surrounding with better Law and
Order.
Ø Symbiosis and sustainable development wil l be the ultimate
objective.
* * * * *
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Chapter 8
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
8.1 Introduction
In view of the global concept of sustainable development, Environment Management
is a crucial segment of Industrial Management. Apart from the social obligation, the
industries are required to meet a series of statutory norms laid by Government
bodies. Better environment management means less waste generation, better
resources management leading to cost savings. Further, it gives a better public
image. Therefore, preparation of Environmental Management Plan is a must to fulfill
bifocal aspect of the statutory compliance as well as that of social concern.
Water and Air environment needs to be continuously managed, because man needs
these resources every moment, so also is Flora and Fauna dependent on it. The
biological aspects, soil and ground water are all interdependent. Thus, there is a
need of proper environmental management and a conscious plan for it.
To draw a rigid EMP is especially important because, India has to support 16.1% of
the world’s population only on 2.3 % of the global area with 0.4% of energy
reserve. This point of Low Energy Reserve is especially taken note by the Project
Proponents. In this respect efforts are oriented towards:
· Bagasse is used for energy
· Spent wash will be used for manure
· Effluent remaining is further used for green belt development &
agricultural purposes.
8.2 Objectives of Environmental Management Plan
a) To define the components of environmental management.
b) To prepare an environmental hierarchy.
c) To prepare a checklist for statutory compliance.
d) To prepare environmental organization.
e) To prepare a schedule for monitoring and compliance.
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8.3 Checklist of Statutory Obligations
There are a number of environmental statutes required to be attained by the
industries. ISMCL-2 shall obey the provisions of all relevant Acts, Rules, Notifications
and Orders.
The checklist of these obligations, which facilitates the obedience of the laws of land
are given below :
a) Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974;
b) Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977;
c) Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981;
d) Environment (Protection) Act, 1986;
e) Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2003;
f) All the conditions laid at consent under Water Act, 1974;
g) All the conditions laid at consent under Air Act, 1981; and
h) EIA Notification’2006.
8.4 Environment Management Cell (EMC)
An Environment Management Cell shall be developed by an effective mixing of a
group of technical experts from various departments of the project to look after the
all obligatory requirements and shall be responsible for the effective implementation
of all environmental pollution control measures.
The cell shall be headed by the Plant In charge as shown in Figure 8.1. There
should be one SHE manager, who will report to plant in charge and will be assisted
by chemist environment and environment & safety officer.
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Figure 8.1: Environment Management Cell
Environment Environment
Officer Chemist
8.5 Construction Phase Environment Management
8.5.1 Site Preparation
The development of site for erections of plant structure, office building & other allied
activities shall require careful management planning as the construction activities
shall be located in plain barren land owned by the project proponent. Therefore,
construction site development process should incorporate certain precautions.
It is necessary to control the dust nuisance that would be created by excavation,
leveling and transportation activities so that impacts on the various components of
environment would be minimized.
8.5.2 Sanitation
The construction area should be provided with proper and sufficient sanitation
facilities in order to maintain adequate hygiene condition because the products being
produced in the proposed project is consumed raw by end users and therefore no
contamination of products or the production process itself can be permitted.
Chairman & M.D
Chief Chemist SugarPlant Works Manager
Genral Manager
Plant Incharge
Distillery Manager
Co-generation Plant Manager
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8.5.3 Noise
Though level of construction activities shall not be very high, still some specific
sources of noise like welding, transportation, movement of earth movers, tractors,
concrete or asphalt mixing etc. should be carried out in a controlled manner. Neither
the plant nor the construction workers should be exposed to excessive noise levels.
8.5.4 Construction Equipment and Waste
Transport vehicles as well as transport routes should be properly maintained during
whole construction phase to minimize smoke / dust emission from vehicle exhausts
and unpaved roads. Composite solid wastes including metal scrape, earthwork, other
wastes, getting generated in construction process should be disposed off in safe
manner. Certain hazardous waste materials, though the requirement of such
materials shall be small, should be stored safely and be disposed off properly. Such
hazardous materials would be petroleum products, diesel, lubricating oils, LPG, pitch
etc.
8.5.5 Storage of Hazardous Material
The following hazardous materials will be stored as per international standards.
1. Ethanol and diesel
2. LPG
3. Painting Materials
8.5.6 Site Security
Construction site has a potential hazardous environment. To ensure that the local
inhabitants and stray cattle are not exposed to these hazards, the site shall be
secured by fencing and manned entry points. It will be fully illuminated during
nighttime.
8.6 Operational Phase Air Environment Management
The monitored ambient air quality has been found to be very much within the norms
established by the regulating agency such as Central Pollution Control Board.
However, to maintain the existing status and minimize the impact due to the
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proposed project operations the following steps would be initiated for a better air
environment:
Ø Boiler should be essentially using bagasse, which is the main source of
particulate pollution. The boiler shall be equipped with ESP, should run at
maximum efficiency.
Ø The emission characteristics should also be monitored regularly.
Ø At plant periphery as well as in-between spaces, recommended plant species
should be grown in a manner that such small green patches act as a part of
green belt to trap dust being emitted from fuel combustion and /or fugitive
sources and also attenuate the other gaseous pollutants.
Ø The control of fugitive emission such as hydrocarbons from DG sets, process
units/storage, the following measures are recommended:
ü Bagasse from outside the project premises will be transported in
covered trucks.
ü Proper maintenance and clearing of the roads inside the plant to avoid
excess fugitive dust generation
ü Raw materials and ash disposal trucks should be covered to stop dust
emission
ü Monitor the consented parameters at ambient station.
ü Monitor the work zone at various stations to satisfy the corporate
requirements for health and environment.
ü Movement of Bagasse from outside mill should covered in truck.
8.7 Operational Phase Water Environment & Management
The ground water shall be used for the plant operation and generation of waste
water & discharge should be maintained as per the MoEF current guidelines. The
followings are to be strictly followed to meet the requirement:
§ To treat the sugar and cogen plant effluent effectively, a ETP of 500
M3/day capacity will be installed which operates on activated sludge
process followed by extended aeration.
§ The effluent generated from distillery unit will be treated & concentrated
by Multi Effect Evaporators.
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§ Generated sewage i.e. 50m3/day will be collected in 50 m3/day capacity
Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) and treated water will be reused for
Landscaping/Green belt development.
§ The record of input water every day for quantity will be recorded by
installing water meters and periodically of quality will be ascertained.
§ Measures will be adopted to segregate the storm water drain from
effluent.
§ Water conservation is to be accorded high priority in every section of the
factory by avoiding wastage of water.
§ Record of wastewater returned back to process and to gardening, both the
quantity will be kept by installing water meters.
§ The water balances will be regularly updated and that should be made
available to all concerned members of EMC.
8.7.1 Water Pollution & Control Facilities
The major contributions of pollution in a Integrated Sugar complex are aqueous
effluent and gaseous emission. The water pollution is due to the effluent generated
from the process and utilities blow down. The air pollution is mostly from Boiler
stacks. Other sources of pollution are solid waste & noise.
8.7.2 Waste Water Generation
The sources of effluent from the integrated sugar complex are cane sugar unit, co-
generation plant and distillery. The quantities of effluents generated in each plant
during crushing season and off season are
· Cane Crushing & Co-generation Plant : 488 M3/day
· Spent wash generation from evaporator is : 560 M3/day
· Domestic effluent from colony : 50 M3/day
8.7.3 Effluent Treatment Scheme for Sugar Mill, Cogen power and
Distillery Unit
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§ Effluent from sugar and cogeneration plant i.e. 488 M3/day will be treated in
to 500 M3/day capacity of ETP and will be used for plantation and green belt
development.
§ Effluents from distillery i.e 560M3/day will be treated in multiple effect
evaporator system.
§ Sewage from residential colony i.e. 50M3/day will be treated in to STP and 50
M3/day will be used for plantation and green belt development.
8.8 Noise Environment
The following precautionary measures are to be adopted in the proposed project
§ Proper care will be taken at the time of installation to insulate/enclose all
the noise sources to avoid occupational exposure to the workers and also
to minimize the generation of excess noise level.
§ Monitor the ambient noise level and work zone noise level as per the
monitoring schedules to conform the stipulated norms.
§ Noise attenuation devices such as ear mufflers must be provided to the
workers in the high noise exposure areas.
8.9 Biological Environment
Special attention is required to maintain green belt in and around the factory
premises.
§ Adequate provisions are to be made to facilitate daily watering of all plants
and lawns. Special attention provided during summer to ensure that the
green belt does not suffer from water shortage.
§ Development & maintenance of green belt to be considered as a priority
issue.
§ No outside soil/rubble will be brought for site development.
§ The emissions of particulate from the boiler stack will be maintained within
the limit of 150 mg/Nm3 while it is being fired by bagasse by providing
ESP in the Boiler Stack.
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8.10 Land Environment
The impacts on the land environment in this case is again associated with the land
applications of ETP effluent for crop irrigation and green belt development &
maintenance, which has been discussed earlier under water environment
component.
However, the construction of green belts, parks, would largely offset the change to
the existing landscape and would provide visual comfort. The improved economy of
the area is expected to cause increased outputs to agriculture, trade and commerce.
As ISMCL-2 will implement zero wastewater discharge methodology, there would be
no impact due to any wastewater disposal on land. Boiler Stack will be equipped
with ESP for control of Particulate emissions, moreover 85 m height of the stack will
disperse the pollutants to longer distances.
8.11 Ash Management
At 100% capacity utilization of the proposed co-gen power plant, maximum annual
ash generation will be 30 MT/day. The generated ash from biomass based
cogeneration plant will be managed inside the plant premises for disposal. The
generated hot ash from bagasse based cogeneration plant will be managed inside
the plant premises for disposal. Sufficient land area is allocated for such temporary
dumping. This ash will be collected by a pneumatic or vacuum ash handling system
through screw and belt conveyors. At the time of ash transportation, covered vehicle
will be in use.
Entire ash generated from the proposed project will be utilized by mixing the ash
with Press Mud for manure purposes.
8.12 Green Belt
Out of total area of 116 acres, more than 33% of land i.e. around 50 acres of land
be utilised for Landscaping / Gardening / Green Belt Development activities.
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Total around 2500 trees plantation will be carried out along with the boundary wall
of the plant and within the colony. Plantation program will be designed and a budget
will be allocated for this purpose every year.
Features of Green belt
§ Suitable tree species will be planted in the green belt.
§ This will act as a noise barrier and would also reduce the air pollution
§ Plantation will also Improve the aesthetic backdrop of the site
As far as possible, the species should be indigenous and locally available Species
would be planted.
8.12.1 Plantation: Ecological Need & Location
Tree plantation is known for improving the aesthetic and climatological environment
of the area. Properly designed green belt would help in abating air pollution up to a
significant degree. To make the proposed unit complex verdant, healthy and hazard
proof, requisite plantation at proper locations is needed with particular emphasis on
aesthetics, protection against noise, odor and fugitive emissions.
The locations in the proposed unit where vegetal covers are required to be provided
are:
· Along the outermost boundary, wherever possible
· Along road and pathways
· Along the Effluent Treatment Plant areas
8.12.2 Plantation Design and Plant Species
In view of the different functional requirements of the plant the pattern of plantation
around the unit is discussed under curtain, avenue, field (vacant land) and
ornamental plantations.
Avenue Plantation
The main gate and the entry road area will be maintained with plants. This shows
the management’s commitments towards conserving environment.
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Ornamental Plantation
The available area depending on the layout of the proposed units shall be used for
lawns, hedges, flowering trees and shrubs as well as seasonal flowers. The following
species may be used for ornamental plantation.
Foliage and Flowering Trees
Nerium odorum Kaner
Murraya exotica Kamini
Hibiscus rosasinensis Gudhal
Flowering Shrubs
Bongainvillea Baganvilla
Thesesia polulanea Sthel padma
Ixora cocinea Lal rangoon
Poinsettia pulcherrima Lal pata
Flowering Climbers
Bongnia venusta Golden showers
Tecoma radicaus Tacoma
Quisqualis indica Rangoon creeper
8.13 Occupational Safety & Health
All precautionary methods will be adopted by the company to reduce the risk of
exposure of employees to occupational safety and health hazards.
Pre & post medical check-ups will be done of all the employees. Employees will be
regularly examined and the medical records will be maintained for each employee.
Pulmonary function test and periodical medical check up shall be done once in every
year.
The following tests shall be conducted for each worker :
§ Lung Function Test
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§ Radiology – X-ray
§ Pulmonary Function Test
§ Audometric Test
§ General clinical examination with emphasis on respiratory system
§ Pre employment examinations
§ Periodical medical examinations at the time of employment and after
completion of employment.
For the safety of workers, personnel protective appliances like hand gloves, goggles,
aprons, ear mufflers, nose mask etc. will be provided. Nose mask will be provided at
places, where there is possibility of dust generation. In high noise generation areas
ear mufflers will be provided for the workmen. Proper ventilation system will be
provided in the process area.
8.14 Socio-Economic Welfare Activities
§ The operators and workers are to be trained in various aspects of ESH
(Environment, Safety and Health). The managers and officers involved in
Environment Management Cell shall undergo refresher workshop and up-
gradation of information on various environmental issues.
§ The management of ISMCL-2 shall help in promoting the activities related
to environmental awareness in nearby villages.
§ The proponent shall help in promoting local people for livelihood
commensurate with their will, skill and abilities.
§ Many other welfare measures will be taken from time to time.
8.15 Risk Assessment for Storage & Transportation of Ethanol
The proposed project will produce Ethanol which is a flammable liquid. Leaving aside
earthquake, cyclone, lightning, flood, arson, war and sabotage, the possible
emergencies that can arise in the proposed project are:
· Failure of vessels resulting in the release of Ethanol.
· Failure of pipelines resulting in the release of Ethanol.
· Failure of process equipment resulting in the release of Ethanol.
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· Specific failures like accidental spillage of Ethanol during handling.
· Consequential fires involving the flammable materials.
Table 8.1 Hazards & Mitigation Measures Associated with Ethanol
Description Clear Solution
Flash Point 13 0C
Boiling Point 78 0C
Specific Gravity 0.7906
Toxic hazards Highly Toxic
Fire Extinguishing Media Use water, alcohol foam, dry chemical, carbon
dioxide
Mitigation Measures
· Avoid breathing vapors.
· Use Self Contained Breathing Apparatus.
· Fire fighters should wear proper protective
equipment.
· Adequate Fire Fighting arrangements will be
made.
· Spark & Leak arrestors will be provided at
proper places.
· Transportation: - Trucks should be covered
loading and unloading sparking. Tanks will be
loaded & flame floor
8.16 Environmental Monitoring Schedule
Monitoring of the post project environment is of utmost importance and has legal
requirements. Regular monitoring of the environment helps in assessing the benefits
of implementation of environment management plan. ISMCL-2 shall adopt an
effective monitoring plan with proper schedule as a step forward to ensure better
environment management practices. Details about Environmental Monitoring
Schedule given in the Chapter-5
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8.17 Environmental Budget
Before the commission of the plant the Environment Management Cell will be formed
to take care of environmental issues including plantation. The total fiscal estimation
for EMP is indicated to be 14.75 crores, details are given in Table no. 8.2.
Table 8.2: Cost of Environmental Protection Measures
No. Particulars Amount in INR,
Lakhs
One Time Installation Cost
1 Air Pollution Control System 200.00
2 Noise Control System 20.00
3 Water Pollution Control System 150.00
4 Green Belt Development 25.00
5 Environment Monitoring and Management 25.00
Total 420.00
Recurring Cost
7 Maintenance of ESP 20.00
8 General Maintenance of Treatment Plants 15.00
9 Environmental Monitoring 10.00
10 Greenbelt maintenance 2.50
11 Occupational Health & Safety 2.50
12 Environmental Management 5.00
Total 55.00
8.18 Corporate social responsibility (CSR)
The practice of CSR is subject to much debate and criticism. Proponents argue that
there is a strong business case for CSR, in that corporations benefit in multiple ways
by operating with a perspective broader and longer than their own immediate, short-
term profits. Critics argue that CSR distracts from the fundamental economic role of
businesses; others argue that it is nothing more than superficial window-dressing;
others argue that it is an attempt to pre-empt the role of governments as a
watchdog over powerful multinational corporations
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8.18.1 Core CSR activities
ISMCL-2 integrated project mission to become a model corporate citizen is being
translated on the ground by specific initiatives in the field of education, healthcare,
infrastructure development and income generation. ISMCL-2 intervention has
radically changed the way of life for thousands of sugarcane farmers and their
families at Barshi & Madha Taluka and surrounding area.
The sugar units are working closely with farmers, providing them with valuable
advice on each facet of the crop cycle including tips on weather forecasts, soil and
seed management, fertilizer and insecticide use, ratoon management, selection of
agri inputs, and maintaining the proper balance between the early, mid and late
ripening varieties.
ISMCL-2 integrated Sugar; Distillery and Cogen power plant has always understood
the importance of being a socially responsible corporation and meets its corporate
social responsibilities in many ways, including:
· ISMCL-2 has proposed -
a) Mahila Bachat Gat
b) English Medium School
c) Branch of Vitthal Bazhar
d) Medical and Road development facility
e) Hotelling activity
f) Drip Irrigation
g) Local Employment generation
h) Area development & Giving training of advance technology to Factory
members & Farmers
Commencing from Introductory, this EIA study has reported the details on
Proponents, Project, natural and manmade facets of background environment, how
and how much residual pollution will be added after prevention, abatement, control
and mitigation. Whether the overall impact will be adverse, beneficial or marginal is
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found out by two accredited systems. Justification of the Project or “No Project” is
also considered. This, however, is required to be manned properly. Unless an EMP is
prepared in advance, as like production campaign the environmental protection will
not automatically happen. Such EMP and its implementation with commitment from
the higher management is stated. This Study when scrupulously followed, will meet
the objectives of fulfilling the legal requirements and not causing any hardships to
people.
* * * * *
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Chapter 9
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Indian Sugar Mfg. Co. (Unit No-2) Limited (ISMCL) is a Public Limited Company
proposed to production capacity of sugar plant 5000 TCD & co-generation 25 MW
and 60 KLPD distillery at Village Turk Pimpri, Tq- Barshi, Dist-Solapur and
Maharashtra state.
Salient Features of the project
Ø Capacity of the Plant:-Sugar Unit- 5000 TCD & co-generation 25 MW and
60 KLPD distillery
Ø Project Area: - 116 Acre.
Ø Cost of the Project:-The total project cost is Rs.23489lacks
Ø Water requirement:-The total Water requirement for the factory is nearly
952 m3/day during the crushing and during the slack season. Water will be
sourced from Sina River.
Ø All liquid effluents will be suitably treated and consumed for internal use like
landscaping and green belt. The effluent will be neutralized by the addition of
either acid or alkali to achieve the required pH.
Ø All equipment vulnerable to explosion or fire will be designed to relevant IS
codes & statutory regulations. Suitable fire protection system comprising
hydrants and spray systems will be provided for fire protection.
Ø There will be an environment cell and qualified chief chemist in charge of
analytical measurements and qualified engineers for pollution control.
Conclusion:
The potential environmental, social and economic impacts have been assessed. The
proposed Sugar Unit, Cogeneration Plant & Distillery unit will have certain levels of
marginal impacts on the local environment. Implementation of the project will have
beneficial impact in terms of providing direct and indirect employment opportunities.
There will be a positive socio-economic development in the region. Quality of life of
the people will be improved. Recommendations made in the CREP for Sugar Plant
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will be implemented. ISMCL-2 will also undertake various community welfare
measures for the upliftment of the villages of the study area.
Pollution control is nothing but internalizing external diseconomy. This is in line with
Polluter to pay principle adopted by Supreme Court. This cost-benefit work, though
not asked specifically in scoping, is discussed. Though this many look ideal on paper,
it will not serve the purpose unless Environmental Management Plan is prepared and
got approved. To support the Plan, administrative set up is necessary and the same
is described.
The immediate earlier Chapter had indicated as to what steps are designed in the
working of new project. This, however, is required to be manned properly. Unless an
EMP is prepared in advance, as like production campaign the environmental
protection will not automatically happen. For such EMP, fixing of objectives is the
first step and ensures its implementation is the last step. This is designed in this
Chapter and we have a commitment from the higher management to stick to this
design. This will meet the objectives of fulfilling the legal requirements and not
causing any hardships to people, whether it is only formulation extension or a
technical grade manufacture.
With due respect to what transpired in the Public Hearing, the PP will pass the
benefits duly to the local development.
* * * * *
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Chapter 10
DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT
This EIA report is prepared on behalf of the proponents, taking inputs from
proponent’s office staff, their R & D wing, Architects, Project Management
Professionals etc. by Environmental Consultants M/s. Ultra-Tech Environmental
Consultancy & Laboratory, Thane, Mumbai , who have been accredited by QCI-
NABET vide official memorandum of MoEF S.N. 93 of LIST ‘A’ of MoEF - O.M. No. J
11013/77/2004/IA II(I) dated September 30, 2011, S. No.157 of list of Consultants
with Provisional Accreditation * (Rev.23) of dated 07th August, 2014.
M/s Ultra-Tech Environmental Consultancy & Laboratory:
Ultra-Tech Environmental Consultancy & Laboratory [Lab Gazetted by MoEF – Govt.
of India] not only give environmental solutions for sustainable development, but
make sure that they are economically feasible. With innovative ideas and impact
mitigation measures offered, make them distinguished in environmental consulting
business. The completion of tasks in record time is the key feature of Ultra-Tech. A
team of more than hundred environmental brigadiers consists of engineers, experts,
ecologists, hydrologists, geologists, socio-economic experts, solid waste and hazard
waste experts apart from environmental media sampling and monitoring experts and
management experts , strive hard to serve clients with up to mark and best services.
Ultra-Tech offers environmental consultancy services to assist its clients to obtain
environmental clearance for their large buildings, construction, CRZ, SEZ, high rise
buildings, township projects and industries covering sugar and distilleries from
respective authorities. Ultra-Tech is in the process of getting QCI-NABET final
accreditation for its EIA organization.
Ultra-Tech also provide STP/ETP /WTP project consultancy on turn-key basis apart
from Operation and Maintenance of these projects on annual contract basis. Also,
having MoEF approved environmental laboratory, Ultra-Tech provide laboratory
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services for monitoring and analysis of various environmental media like air, water,
waste water, stack, noise and meteorological data to its clients all over India and
abroad.
Functional area experts and assistance to FAE involved in the EIA study for “M/s
Indian Sugar Manufacturing Co. Ltd. Turk Pimpri, Barshi Tehsil, Solapur District,
Maharashtra,” is as follows:
* EIA COORDINATOR : NAME : MR. A.K.MHASKAR
* PERIOD OF INVOLVEMENT : September 2013 – November 2013
* CONTACT INFORMATION : ULTRA-TECH Environmental consultancy & Laboratory,
EIA TEAM MEMBERS
S/ No.
Name of Sector
Name of Project
NAME OF EIA
COORDINATOR
FUNCTIONAL AREA EXPERTS
INVOLVED
1 Distilleries 5 (g), Sugar 5 (j) & Co- Gen 1 (d)
Indian Sugar Mfg co. Ltd. (Industrial Project)
Mr. A.K. Mhaskar Associates: Mr. Kishor Sawant, Dr. Prashant Banne
FA Names AP Mr. Akshay Kulkarni WP Ms. Pardnya Parkhi EB Ms. Bharti Khairnar SE Mr. Shrikrishna Kulkarni
SHW Ms. Pradnya Parkhi LU Associate: Mr. Amogh Bodas
LABORATORY FOR ANALYSIS
S/ No. Name of
Laboratory Scope of Services ACCREDITATION
STATUS 1 Green Circle INC. Monitoring and Analysis of:
1. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 2. Ground and Surface Water Quality Monitoring 3. Noise Level Monitoring and 4. Soil Quality Monitoring 5. Metrological data collection
Gazetted by MoEF- Govt. of India
* * * * *