Post on 08-May-2015
description
Índia
Alexandre Durão | Língua estrangeira II | Inglês
Alexandre Durão | Língua estrangeira II | Inglês
India is a country that has always fascinated me. A country full of cultural differences and great economic and
social extremes.A land full of mysteries and contradictions where everything
gets gigantic proportions.A country of such a large development that the Occident is
still to understand.Here are some of its characteristics:
Why India
Alexandre Durão | Língua estrangeira II | Inglês
SUMMARY
And Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east.
The Republic of India is country in South Asia. Is the second most populous country in the world and the seventh largest in geographical area . Bordered on the south by the Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea on the west and east by the Bay of Bengal .India has a coastline of 7517 kilometers in length. The country is bordered by :
Pakistan to the west
China , Nepal, and Bhutan to the north
India, is a Union of States, and Sovereign
Socialist Secular Democratic Republic with a Parliamentary
System of government. The
Republic is governed in terms of the
constitution, which was adopted by
Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949 and came into force on 26 January 1950. India comprises of 28 states
and seven union territories
Alexandre Durão | Língua estrangeira II | Inglês
History of India
The Republic of India may be considered the Home of the Indus Valley Civilization , the historic trade routes and vast empires. Various religions like Buddhism , Jainism and Sikhism , originated in this country and shaped is cultural diversity .
The country was colonized by the British Empire from the nineteenth century, having social, cultural and ideological influences of the colonizing country. Only in 1947 and after a social struggle for independence, became an independent country .
Alexandre Durão | Língua estrangeira II | Inglês
Contemporary India was started between the years 1848 and 1885.The appointment in 1848 of James Broun - Ramsay, as Governor General of the East India Company has prepared the country for essential changes and the transition to a modern state.These changes included the consolidation and demarcation of sovereignty, the surveillance of the population, and the education of citizens.Technological changes - such as railroads, canals and the telegraph - were introduced in the country soon after their introduction in Europe.
Alexandre Durão | Língua estrangeira II | Inglês
However, dissatisfaction with the Company also grew during this period and defined the Sepoys Revolt in 1857. Social British style, high property taxes and summary treatment of some rich landowners and princes, reforms contributed to discontent and civil unrest. Although the rebellion was suppressed in 1858, it led to the dissolution of the East India Company and the government of India came to be exercised directly by the British government.
Alexandre Durão | Língua estrangeira II | Inglês
After World War I, in which some one million Indians served a new period began. It was marked by British reforms but also repressive legislation, by more strident Indian calls for self-rule, and by the beginnings of a non-violent movement of non-cooperation, of which Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi would become the leader and enduring symbol.
Alexandre Durão | Língua estrangeira II | Inglês
During the 1930s, slow legislative reform was enacted by the British.
The Indian National Congress won victories in the resulting elections and the following decade had numerous crises.
The Indian participation in World War II, was the final push on Congress, and an increase in Muslim nationalism.
All were covered by the advent of independence in 1947 and the partition of India into two states: India and Pakistan.
Alexandre Durão | Língua estrangeira II | Inglês
Hinduism Islam Chritianity SikhismBuddhism Jainism Other
Hinduism 80,50% Islam 13,40% Chritianity 2,30% Sikhism 1,90% Buddhism 0,80% Jainism 0,50% Other 0,70%
Religion in India is characterized by a diversity of religious beliefs and practices.
India and Religions
Alexandre Durão | Língua estrangeira II | Inglês
India and Religions
The Indian religions, or dharma religions, is a group of religious traditions that originated in the Indian subcontinent.
Religion is lived by the people as an integral part of everyday life.
Alexandre Durão | Língua estrangeira II | Inglês
Hinduism - About 80 % of the population. This religion originated in the year 1500
Alexandre Durão | Língua estrangeira II | Inglês
Hinduism is based on dharma - The right way to live.
The sacred codes of Hinduism are the Vedas - scriptures which include songs, hymns, sayings and teachings, the Smriti.(traditional scriptures including the Ramayana , the Mahabharata and the Bhagavadgita)
Alexandre Durão | Língua estrangeira II | Inglês
The origin of the word and religion is the word " Sikh " means discipline.
Sikhism -Originated in India .
The founder of Sikhism was Guru Nanak Dev (1469 - 1539) Advocating a message of understanding and love
Alexandre Durão | Língua estrangeira II | Inglês
Sikhism does not have priests or ministers , they were abolished by the tenth Guru, because according to this the priests became corrupt and self-centered .
Sikhs wear a turban and five symbols that bear witness to belong to the Khalsa:
Kesha: hair, which should not be cut, are rolled underneath a turban.
Kangha: wooden comb to hold the hair. It is a symbol of order.
Alexandre Durão | Língua estrangeira II | Inglês
KanKirpan: double-cut sword to fight against all kinds of oppression and defend the weak.
Kara: steel bracelet, whose circle symbolizes the unity of God and steel strength.
Alexandre Durão | Língua estrangeira II | Inglês
Kacha: short shorts in order to facilitate the movements.
Alexandre Durão | Língua estrangeira II | Inglês
Buddhism originated in the late Brahmanical period in India
The Buddhist believe reincarnation as truth.
Alexandre Durão | Língua estrangeira II | Inglês
The Buddhist belief system is based on four principles or fundamental truths :
Suffering is always present in life.
Desire is the key cause of suffering.
The annihilation of desire leads to the annihilation of suffering.
Alexandre Durão | Língua estrangeira II | Inglês
Nirvana is contrary to the idea of Samsara, the cycle of birth , life, death and rebirth.
Individual liberation is achieved by Nirvana
Alexandre Durão | Língua estrangeira II | Inglês
Alexandre Durão | Língua estrangeira II | Inglês
It is one of the world's largest railway networks comprising
115,000 km
It transported over 25 million passengers dailyAnd over 9 billion on an annual basis.
Alexandre Durão | Língua estrangeira II | Inglês
Railways were first introduced to India in
1853 from Bombay to Thane.
In 1951 the systems were nationalised as one
unit, the Indian Railways, becoming one of the largest networks
in the world.
Alexandre Durão | Língua estrangeira II | Inglês
I hope you have become willing to visit India as much
as I do.
Alexandre Durão | Língua estrangeira II | Inglês
http://www.ibge.gov.br/paisesat/main.php
http://www.pime.org.br/missaojovem/mjreghinduismosikh.htm
http://www.suapesquisa.com/paises/india/
http://www.mapsofindia.com/daman-diu/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_India#Company_rule_in_India
Bibliografia e Links de interesses