Inclusive Design – from niche to normal

Mobile Inclusive Design, UXPA

20th September 2012

Ian Hosking

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Designed for humans?

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A look at being human

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Understanding people

5

62 MillionPopulation

47+Half Adults

11 MillionDisabled

8.5 MillionArthritis

9 MillionHearing Impairment

2 MillionVisual Impairment

11 MillionChildren

1 in 10Left Handed

8% Men0.5% Women

Colour Blind

5.2 MillionAsthma

2.6 MillionDiabetes

50 : 50Gender

14 MillionGrandparents

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Understanding people

It is normal to be different

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The future’s bright, the future’s grey

By 2050 2 Billion

In 2005 673 Million

In 1950 there were 200 Million over 60’s

worldwide

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Population change

The changing shape of Japan’s population pyramid

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Does it really matter?

• In 1950 the PSR was 12:1

Potential Support Ratio (PSR) is the ratio of the number of 15-64 year olds who could

support one person 65+

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Does it really matter?

• In 2000 the PSR was 9:1

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Does it really matter?

• In 2050 the PSR will be 4:1

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Does it really matter?

• In 2050 for the developed world it will be 2:1

Independent living goes from being an aspiration to an imperative

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Inclusive design

“Climb into the latest Ferrari sports car and you are unlikely to notice the modifications designed with overweight, arthritic pensioners in mind … the Italian carmaker is just one of many companies grappling with a demographic shift that challenges the fundamental rules of marketing and design … the average buyer of a Ferrari road car is nearing 50 and set to get older. “ - Financial Times, 20 Jan. 2004

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Inclusive design

The design of mainstream products and/or services that are accessible to, and usable by, as many people as reasonably possible …

… without the need for special adaptation or specialised design (BS 7000:6)

It is normal to have difficulties

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Source: It’s Normal to be Different – Applying Inclusive Design in Industry, Hosking, Waller & Clarkson, Interacting with Computers 22 (2010) 496–501

American adults of working age (16-64) from the Microsoft (2003) survey

The Target for Inclusive Design

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Source: It’s Normal to be Different – Applying Inclusive Design in Industry, Hosking, Waller & Clarkson, Interacting with Computers 22 (2010) 496–501

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Population change

• Variation of capability

GB

Pop

ulat

ion

(%)

Age Band

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Real users

Vision

Hearing

Thinking

Communication

Locomotion

Dexterity

Reach & stretch

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Vision

Mean

Upper limit

Lower limit

Age (Years)

Ocu

lar

Acc

om

mo

da

tion

(D

iop

tre

s)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Font Size

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Font size in action

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What else can you see?

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Hearing

He

ari

ng

Lo

ss (

De

cibe

ls)

Frequency (Hertz)

500 1000 2000 4000 8000

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-40

-10

0

-20

-30

-50

70-79 years

60-69 years

50-59 years

40-49 years

30-39 years

10-19 years

20-29 years

speech

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Thinking

Verbal IQ

Performance IQ

Age (Years)

Me

an

IQ

20 30 40 50 60 70

0

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

Exclusion for Sending a Text (Using the 56pt Font on an iPhone)

iPhone Texting

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

Remove

from

Pock

et

Wak

e fro

m s

tandby

Unlock

scr

een

Enter P

IN

Selec

t Tex

t App

Selec

t new

mes

sage

Enter n

ame

Selec

t corre

ct e

ntry fr

om li

st

Selec

t mes

sage

field

Type

mes

sage

Edit m

ispel

t word

Send

Return

to m

ain m

enu

Put phone

to s

tandby

Return

to p

ocket

MAX

Task

% G

B A

du

lts

Large printFont

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4.4

4.6

4.8

5

5.2

5.4

5.6

5.8

6

15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90

Me

an

Sa

tisfa

ctio

n

Age (Years)

It’s not all bad news!

• Satisfaction with life index

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Things have got complex

“ I have always wished for my computer to be as easy to use as my telephone; my wish has come true

because I can no longer figure out how to use my telephone ”

Bjarne Stroustrup

Pushbutton success

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Softkey & Call handling

buttons

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Pushbutton success

But…

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Small five-way keypad

But…

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A Detailed Look at Menu Design

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Select and confirm menu

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Select and confirm menu

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The touch revolution

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All touches are equal, but some are more equal…

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Action Function

Press Sleep / out of sleep

Press & hold then slide Power off

Press & hold Power on

Press & hold with home key

Full reboot

Home Button

Power Button

Action Function

Press 1x (home screen) Search

Press 1x Return home screen

Press 1x (edit mode) Exit mode

Press 2x Multi-tasking

Press 2x (lock screen) iPod app control activation

Press 3x Accessibility

Press & hold Voice control

A Game of Hide and Seek…

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Function Initial Action Visible

App launch Press ✔

Open folder Press ✔

Create folder Press & drag app onto app ✗

Browse apps Swipe left & right ✗

Delete App Press & hold ✗

Move App Press & hold ✗

Switch active app Press x2 ✗

Stop active app Press x2 ✗

Search Press x2 or swipe ✗

Return home Press home key ✗

Accessibility Press x3 ✗

Keypad lock Press power key ✗

Orientation lock Press x2 then swipe right ✗

Volume (soft) Press x2 then swipe right x2 ✗

iPod control Press x2 then swipe right ✗

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The Art

of

Simple

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…forget what you know

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If you forget what you know, what is it?

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• “Film reel”• “To record calls”• “To see things better - icon looks like

glasses”• “To put decimals in numbers”• “Link between two people”

“Staple”“Bed”

“Linking something – two calls”

“Upside down bench”

As the population ages and we become even more reliant on technology we need to practice…

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The Art

of

Simple

Thank you for listening

Ian Hosking