Imperialism of Africa

European Scramble for Colonies

Basic Principles of Imperialism

Imperialism?:

Racism?:Racism?:

Social Darwinism?:Social Darwinism?:

IndustrialRevolutionIndustrialRevolution

Source forRaw

Materials

Source forRaw

Materials

Markets forFinishedGoods

Markets forFinishedGoods

EuropeanNationalismEuropean

Nationalism

MissionaryActivity

MissionaryActivity

Military& NavalBases

Military& NavalBases

EuropeanMotives

For Colonization

EuropeanMotives

For Colonization

Places toDump

Unwanted/Excess Popul.

Places toDump

Unwanted/Excess Popul.

Soc. & Eco.Opportunities

Soc. & Eco.Opportunities

HumanitarianReasons

HumanitarianReasons

EuropeanRacism

EuropeanRacism

“WhiteMan’s

Burden”

“WhiteMan’s

Burden”

SocialDarwinism

SocialDarwinism

Why was Africa Prone to Imperialism?

External Factors?:

Internal Factors?:

What were Euros after?

The Berlin Conference (1884-85)

14 European nations agreed how to divide Africa

Problem?!

Outcomes: Forced distribution of African ethnic &

linguistic groups Transformation of African way of life

20th Century Africa

Colonial Africa

1. Where Is Dr. Livingstone?

Dr. David Livingstone

DoctorLivingston

e,I Presume?

Sir Henry Morton Stanley

Also: founded Congo Free State (on behalf of King Leopold II of Belgium)

European Explorations in mid-19c:

“The Scramble for Africa”

The Belgian Congo

Stanley’s exploration of Af. sparked interest of Leopold II (Belgium)

1879-1882: Stanley signed treaties w/chiefs of Congo River Valley for Leo

Leo’s primary motive = abolish slavery & spread Christianity

BUT, he brutally exploited Congo for rubber 10 mill. died 1908: Belgian govt. took control

European Imperialism in South Africa

I. Early Euro. Explorers & Settlers

1487: Bartholomew Diaz 1497: Vasco da Gama 1652: Dutch

Attraction of the Cape of Good Hope?

1652: Dutch (“Boers” or “Afrikaners”) established Cape Town

1814: British appear

Conflict betw. Boers & British? Dutch had slaves

1833: Emancipation of slaves

II. The Great Trek

1835-1848: Dutch fought w/Zulus for land

1868: diamonds discovered in Cape colony 1885: gold discovered in Transvaal

Effects?? “Outlanders”

1853: Cecil Rhodes (DeBeers Diamond Co.) 1896-1899: reconciliation attempts failed

III. The Boer War (1899-1902)

Boers: guerilla tactics British: burned farms Outcome? 1910: the Union of South Africa

National Party?

Ethiopia: A Successful Resistance

The only Af. nation that resisted Euros. Menelik II

1889: became emperor Built up a large arsenal of modern weapons Noticed discrepancies in treaty w/Italy

1896: Battle of Adowa – Ethiopians won

2. What is the Source of the Nile?

John Speke Sir Richard Burton

Cecil Rhodes (1853-1902)

“The Colossus of Rhodes”

Uncle Sam: “The Colossusof the Pacific” (A Parody)

Africa

in the

1880s

Africa

in

1914

3 Groups that clashed over territory & resources in South Africa Zulus Boers (Afrikaners) (Dutch) British

Outcome of the Boer War (1899-1902) Creation of self-governing Union of South

Africa controlled by British (Apartheid system)

What were 4 positive sides of colonialism?

Reduced local warfare Brought humanitarian efforts Economic expansion Railroads, dams, telegraph lines

What were 6 negative sides of colonialism in Africa?

Africans lost control of their land & their independence

Many died of new diseases Famine Lost thousands of people in

resisting Europeans Breakdown of traditional cultures Division of the African continent