Imperial Perspective

Chapter 2

The Glorious Revolution of 1688-89

Charles II died in 1685 and was succeeded by his brother, the duke of York. James II openly parade his Catholic faith.

Parliament invited James’s Protestant daughter Mary and her husband, the Dutch leader William of Orange to assume the throne as joint monarchs. James II fled to France.

Bill of Rights and Toleration Act (1689) Limited the powers of rulers and affirmed freedom of Worship

for Christians. Did not limit the king’s power in America.

John Locke 1632-1704

Defended the overthrow of James II, which set a precedent for revolution against the monarch.

Two Treatises on Government (1690) Contract theory of government argued that people

were endowed with natural rights to life, liberty, and property.

When rulers violated these rights, the people could overthrow the monarch and change their government.

The Habit of Self-Government

Americans liked being British subjects. Opportunities for trade and commerce. Military protection. Political stability.

Benefits had few costs. Salutary neglect. Home rule.

TroubledNeighbors Indian-wars

A series of Indian wars in the mid-1670s King Philip’s War in New England between

colonists and the Wampanoag tribe. Bacon’s Rebellion

Virtually a civil war in Virginia over how to control the Indians.

Nathaniel Bacon burned Jamestown in 1676 in an effort to arrest the governor.

Bacon became ill and died of swamp fever.

England vs. France

A competition to dominate world trade and naval power. Intensified after the Glorious Revolution.

Four Wars War of the League of Augsburg / King William’s

War (1689-97) War of the Spanish Succession / Queen Anne’s

War (1702-13) War of the Austrian Succession / King George’s

War (1744-48) Seven Years’ War / French and Indian War

(1754-63)

French & Indian War 1754-63(Seven Years’ War)

Expansion led to conflict. The Ohio Valley

French Fort Duquesne. George Washington and Fort Necessity.

Three Phases 1754-56: British in North America losing 1756-58: War starts in Europe/England in

charge 1758-63: English win one battle after another.

Peace of Paris (1763)

France: Ended French power in North America.

Britain: Everything east of Mississippi River (except N.O.)

Spain: Louisiana

Postwar Expectations

Colonial pride and optimism English resentments

Unsatisfied with colonists role in war Want more control Want colonies to help pay for defense

4 wars left England in enormous debt