1347-1350 HISTorYhs.pequannock.org/ourpages/auto/2015/5/1/52593023/Euro History Timeline.pdf ·...

AP EuroPEAn

HISTorY

New Monarchies, renaissance,

and the age of exploration

(1308-1527)

Research &EducationAssociation

1308-1377

1340

1347-1350

1434

1453

1450s

1454-1494

1480

1494

1487-1499

1519-1533

1527

•Frenchkingskeepseveralpopesintheso-calledBabylonianCaptivityinAvignon.

•Italyrevivesthehonorofpoetlaureate.

•TheBlackDeathdecimatesthepopulationofEurope.

•TheMedicicometopowerinFlorence.

•ThesackofConstantinopleoccurs;theHundredYears’ Warends.

•JohannGutenbergandJohannFustdevelopmovable-typeprintinginMainz,Germany(HolyRomanEmpire).

•MilanandVenicesignPeaceTreatyofLodi;peaceendswhenFrenchinvadeItalyin1494.

•MuscovythrowsofftheTataryoke.

•PortugalandSpainsigntheTreatyofTordesillas.

•BartolomeuDiasreachestheCapeofGoodHope;VascodaGamacomesbackfromIndiawithpreciouscargo.

•HernanCortesconquerstheAztecempireinMexico;FranciscoPizarroconquerstheIncaempireinandnearPeru.

•TheSackofRomeoccurs.

Reform, Counter-Reform,

and the New Sciences

(1380-1687)

AP unITED STATES

HISTorY


1380-1415

1517

1520-1521

1527-1534

1541

1543

1545-1563

1555

1562-1598

1566-1581

1587-1588

•JohnWycliffeandJanHuscallforchurchreforms.

•MartinLuther,aCatholicmonk,postshisNinety-fiveThesesonthedooroftheWittenbergchurch.

•Lutherpublishesfourpamphletsandisexcommun- Icatedbythepope.

•Inhisquestforamaleheir,HenryVIIIofEngland divorcestheHolyRomanEmperor’saunt,Katharine,andmarriesAnneBoleyn.

•JohnCalvinpublisheshisInstitutes of the Christian ReligioninitsFrenchedition.

•NicolasCopernicuspublisheshisheliocentrictheory.

•TheCouncilofTrentmeetsthreetimestosettleissues ofCatholicdoctrine.

•HolyRomanEmperorCharlesVestablishesthePeaceofAugsburg.

•WarsofreligioninFrancebeginfollowingtheendofthelongHabsburg-Valoisconflict.

•CalvinistsintheSpanishNetherlandsrevoltagainststrictnessofPhilipII,leadingtotheDutchwarsofindependence.

•Mary,QueenofScots,isexecutedbyElizabethIofEngland;theEnglishnavydestroystheSpanishArmada.

AP unITED STATES

HISTorY


1609

1618-1648

1648

1662-1725

1667

1687

•InhisLetterofMajesty,Matthias,theHolyRoman Emperor,grantsreligiousfreedomtoBohemianCalvinistnobles.

•Thescientificrevolutionbegins.

•ThirtyYears’Warbegins.

•TreatyofWestphaliaissigned.

•RoyalacademiesofscienceformthroughoutEurope.

•JohnMiltonpublishesParadise Lost.

•NewtonpublishesPrincipia Mathematica.

Reform, Counter-Reform,

and the New Sciences

(1380-1687)

AP EuroPEAn

HISTorY

Overview of European

Powers

(1581-1748)


1581-1583

1609

1611

1642-1649

1648-1653

1640-1688

1649-1660

1652-1774

1661

1683

1685

1688-1689

•IvanIVbeginssuccessfulconquestofSiberia.

•TheUnitedProvincesestablishtheBankof Amsterdam.

•KingJamesBibleispublished.

•CivilwarracksEngland,Scotland,andIreland.

•Revolts(frondes)byoldnoblesandtheParlementof ParisrockFrance.

•TheGreatElector,FrederickWilliam,rulesBrandenburg.

•InterregnuminEngland:Cromwellandhisarmyrulethecountry.(JewsareallowedbackinEngland,1655.)

•Dutcheminenceintradingandtrans-shippingannoys Englandintothreewars.

•LouisXIVdeclareshisresolveforpersonalrule.

•TurksstagesiegeofVienna.

•LouisXIVrevokestheEdictofNantes.

•KingJamesIIthreatenstoreturnEnglandtothepapistfold,leadingtotheGloriousRevolution.

AP EuroPEAn

HISTorY

Overview of European

Powers

(1581-1748)


1696

1701

1701-1713

1707

1713-1714

1700-1721

1713-1740

1740-1748

•PetertheGreatbecomessoleruleroftheRussias (andreignsuntil1725).

•TheEnglishparliamentpassestheActofSettlement.

•FranceandSpainwagetheWaroftheSpanish SuccessionagainstmuchoftherestofEurope.

•TheActofUnionunitesEnglandandScotlandintooneBritain.

•TheTreatiesofUtrechtandRastattendtheWarofSpanishSuccession.

•GreatNorthernWarpitsSwedenagainstanallianceofDenmark,Saxony,Poland,andRussia.

•ForeignprincesagreetoHolyRomanEmperorCharlesVI’sPragmaticSanction.

•FrederickIIofPrussiainvadestheAustrianprovinceofSilesia,leadingtotheWaroftheAustrianSuccession.

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HISTorY

Absolutism, Constitutionalism,

and Enlightenment

(1576-1781)


1576

1610-1643

1620

1637

1659

1690

1727

1733

1748

1751-1762

1754-1763

1756

1761

•JeanBodinpublishesSix Books of the Commonwealth.

•CardinalRichelieu(followingtheleadoftheDukeofSully)institutestheintendantsystem.

•FrancisBaconpublisheshisNew Organon.

•RenéDescartespublishesDiscourse on Method.

•FranceandSpainsigntheTreatyofPyrenees.

•JohnLockepublishestreatisesongovernmentandontabula rasa.

•JohannSebastianBachcomposestheSaint Matthew Passion.

•VoltairepublishesLetters on the English.

•BarondeMontesquieupublishesThe Spirit of the Laws.

•DenisDiderotandcollaboratorspublishthemassiveEncyclopedia.

•EnglandandFrancefighttheSevenYears’(orFrenchandIndian)War.

•FranceandAustriaallywithoneanother,formingtheDiplomaticRevolution.

•Rousseau’stwomajorpublications

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HISTorY


1763

1776

1769-1778

1769-1793

1781

•WarringnationssigntheTreatiesofHubertusburg andParis.

•AdamSmithpublishestheWealth of Nations.TheAmericancoloniesrebel.

•Newcomen-Wattsteamengineisinvented,improvedupon,andfinancedformarkets.

•RichardArkwright’sspinningframe,James Hargreaves’sspinningjenny,EdwardCartwright’s powerloom,andEliWhitney’scottonginmechanize theproductionofcottonthreadsandfabrics.

•JosephIIissuestheEdictofTolerationinHabsburg crownlands.

Absolutism, Constitutionalism,

and Enlightenment

(1576-1781)

AP EuroPEAn

HISTorY

Revolution and the

New European Order

(1789-1815)


1770-1774

1781

1787-1788

1789

June 1789

July 14, 1789

Summer 1789

1789-1790

1791

September 1792

•LouisXVsuspendsrefractoryparlementsandinitiates judicialreform.

•JacquesNeckerissueshisComte Rendu fortheking— in100,000copies.

•ThekingcallsanAssemblyofNotablestoadviseon thefinancialcrisis.

•TheEstates-Generalmeetsbutishamstrungby votingprocedures.

•NationalAssemblyisformedandrecognizedbyking.

•FrenchworkersandtradesmenstormtheBastille.

•“TheGreatFear”sweepsthecountryside,leadingtothe NightofRenunciation(August4);theNationalAssembly issuestheDeclarationofRightsofManandtheCitizen.

•TheNationalAssemblyconfiscateschurchlandsandissues theCivilConstitutionoftheClergy.

•Theroyalfamilyflees;GermanprincesissuetheDeclarationofPillnitz.

•TheNationalConventionmakesFrancearepublic.FrenchforcesdefeatGermanandAustriantroopsatthebattleofValmy.

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HISTorY

Revolution and the

New European Order

(1789-1815)


1792-1793

1793-1794

1795-1799

1796-1799

1798

November 9, 1799

1801

1804

1805-1807

1806-1811

1808/1812

1814-1815

•Revolutionatwar!FrancedeclareswaronAustriaand invadestheAustrianNetherlandsandRhineland.

•FranceisseizedbytheReignofTerror!

•Thefive-manDirectorybecomestheexecutiveoffice ofthegovernment,afterthefallofRobespierre.

•RevolutionaryarmiesinvadeItaly,Holland,Egypt.

•WilliamWordsworthandSamuelTaylorColeridge publishLyrical Ballads.

•Napoleonjoinsotherconspiratorsandstagesthecoup of18Brumaire.

•NapoleonandthechurchcometotermsintheConcordat.

•Napoleoninstitutesreforms.

•FrancewagestheNapoleonicWars.

•NapoleonimposestheContinentalBlockadeonallhisconquests andsatellitestates.

•Napoleoncommitshisgreatestmilitaryblunders.

•CongressofViennameets.

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HISTorY

Reaction and More

Revolutions

(1815-1849)


1815

1815-1822

1818-1834

1821-1827

1825

1829

1815-1846

1830

1832

1840s

•TheCongressofViennaredrawsEurope.

•Thecongresssystem,institutedatVienna,controls internationalrelationsinEurope.

•Prussiapioneersinformationoftoll-freetradeunion.

•TheGreekssuccessfullywagewarsofindependence.

•DecembristRevoltinRussiafails.

•InEngland,GeorgeStephensoninauguratestheworld’s firstrailline.

•ParliamentinEnglanddeclaresCatholicemancipation.

•Conservatives(Tories)inEnglishparliamentenactCorn Lawstoprotectgrainpricesandlandowners.

•FromParis,revolutionspreadstoBelgium,Germanies, andPoland.

•EnglishparliamentenactstheGreatReformBill.

•The“HungryForties”givebirthtonewideasonsocialism.

AP EuroPEAn

HISTorY

Reaction and More

Revolutions

(1815-1849)


1848

Fall 1848

1848-1849

1850

•RevolutionsweepsEurope—again!

•Congressesandparliamentscropupallover.

•Duringthe“JuneDays,”workersinParisrevoltwhen governmentclosestheateliers.

•Reactionaryforcesregainpowerinkeycountries.

•ThenewAustrianemperorsendstroopstorewin Prague,northItaly,andotherterritories;French

troopssavethepope;Russiantroopscrushthe Hungarianrevolt;Prussiantroopscrushrevoltsin Saxony,Baden,andHesse,amongothers.

•Reactionback!Theeraofrealpolitikbegins.

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HISTorY

Liberalism, Nationalism,

And Imperialism

(1850-1913)


1851

1853-1856

1858-1870

1859

1860-1862

1861

1866

1867

1870-1871

1871

1873-1896

•LouisNapoleonstagesacoupd’étatonDecember2,1851.

•CrystalPalaceisbuilttohouseindustrialexhibitions.

•EuropebecomesembroiledintheCrimeanWar.

•FranceandPiedmontplanItalianunification.

•CharlesDarwinpublishesThe Origin of Species,which delineateshiswell-foundedtheoryofnaturalselection.

•LegislationtoupgradethearmyfailsinPrussia.

•TsarAlexanderIIemancipatestheRussianserfs.

•TheGermanCivilWarerupts.

•AsecondReformBillextendssuffrageinBritain;Germanyand Austriaextendsuffrageaswell.

•Franco-PrussiaWaroccurs.

•ParisCommunecomestopower—briefly.

•EuropeandUnitedStatessufferthroughworldwideeconomicdepression.

AP EuroPEAn

HISTorY

Liberalism, Nationalism,

And Imperialism

(1850-1913)


1877-1878

1878-1890

1880s

1881

1894-1906

1896

1898

1898-1904

1900

1905

1909

1911-1913

•Russo-TurkishWarleadstoCongressofBerlin.

•Bismarckinstitutesantisocialistlawsandsocial insurancelegislation.

•JulesFerrysecularizesFrencheducation.

•EuropeanpowersscrambleforcoloniesinAfrica!

•AlexanderIIisassassinatedbyradicalpopulists.

•TheDreyfusAffairrocksFrance.

•TheodorHerzlpublishesJudenstaat.

•RussianSocialDemocraticParty(RSPD)isformed.

•BritainandFranceaffectrapprochementincolonialaffairs.

•Sciencemarksmajormilestones!

•RussianRevolutionoccurs.

•Budgetof1909sparksparliamentarycrisis.

•Literaryadvancesexploresocialtaboos.

AP EuroPEAn

HISTorY

Two World Wars

(1914-1945)


1890

1894

1904-1907

1908-1913

June 28, 1914

July-August 1914

1914-1916

1915-1917

1916

March-November 1917

March 1918

November 11,1918

•KaiserWilhelmIIdismissesOttovonBismarckas chancellorofGermany.

•FranceandRussiaformanalliance.

•TheTripleEntenteemerges.

•YoungTurksrevolt,AustriafeudswithRussia, andtheBalkanwarsoccur.

•AustriathwartsSerbia’slandandseaclaims.

•ArchdukeFranzFerdinandofAustria-Hungaryis assassinatedbyaSerbiannationalist.

•ConflictbetweenAustriaandSerbiaescalatesinto WorldWarI.

•Warragesonthewesternandeasternfronts.

•Germansengageinsubmarinewarfare;theUnitedStates entersthewar.

•Combatantsattempttobreakstalematesonallfronts.

•RevolutionstakeRussiaoutofwar.

•RussiaandGermanyagreetotheTreatyofBrest-Litovsk.

•TruceendsWordWarI.

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HISTorY

Two World Wars

(1914-1945)


1919-1923

1919-1920

1920s

1922

1922-1925

1923

1923-1924

November 9, 1924

1925-1931

1929

1929-1932

1930-1933

•ParisPeaceConferencecraftstheTreatyofVersailles.

•CommunistregimesariseintheWest,butare shortlived.

•DemocraciesstruggleintheWest—andtheEast.

•FasciststakeovertheItaliangovernment.

•GermanchancellorGustavStresemannimplements newforeignpolicy.

•FranceoccupiestheRuhr.

•MussoliniconsolidatespoweroverItaly.

•Beer-HallPutschoccurs.

•Britainreinstitutesthegoldstandard,butthenabandons

itagain.

•MussoliniandthepopeagreetotheLateranAccords.

•WorldisrockedbytheGreatDepression.

•ThegovernmentsofHeinrichBrüning,FranzvonPapen,andKurtvonSchleicherfailtoreviveeconomyorsolveparliamen-tarydeadlockbetweenFarLeft(Communists)andFarRight(Nazis).

AP EuroPEAn

HISTorY

Two World Wars

(1914-1945)


1933-1934

1935-1938

1935-1939

1935-1936

1936-1939

March 1939

Aug.-Sept. 1939

1940

1941

1942-1945

late 1942

1943

1944

1945

•Hitlersidelinesdomesticopposition.

•Hitlerneutralizesforeignopponents.

•HitlerescalateswaragainstGermanJews.

•MussoliniattacksEthiopia.

•FasciststakeoverSpain.

•HitlertakestherumpoftheCzechstate,Danzig, andthePolishCorridor.

•Hitlerpreparesforwar;WorldWarIIbegins.

•Warresumesonnorthernandwesternfronts.

•Germanyantagonizestwonewenemies.

•Hitlerimplementshis“FinalSolution.”

•Alliesbegintoturnbackthefascisttide.

•Wartimeconferencescommence.

•BritainandSovietUnionmeetintheMoscowministerialconference.

•TheAlliesmeetatYaltaandPotsdam.

AP EuroPEAn

HISTorY

Cold War, Unification,

and the Decolonized

World

(1945-2001)


1945

1945-1946

1945

1945 on

1945-1999

1947

1948-1949

1949

1950

1949-1953

1954-1955

1956

•TheColdWarstartsinGermany.

•FranceestablishestheFourthRepublic.

•TheLabourPartywinsinBritain.

•ChristianDemocratsrisetopower—andstay there—throughouttheContinent.

•Europeancountriesdivestthemselvesoftheir overseascolonies.

•CommunistthreatsparkscrisisoverGreeceand Turkey.

•TheTrumanadministrationimplementstheMarshallPlan astheeconomicarmtoitspolitical-militarydoctrine.

•CurrencycrisisintheGermanzonesleadstotheBerlinairlift.

•ThetwoGermaniesareestablished.

•SixcountriesformtheEuropeanCoalandSteelCommunity.

•TheSovietUnionacquiresatomicweapons.

•WestGermanyremilitarizes.

•UnrestoccursinPoland,Hungary,andtheSuezCanalzone.

•NikitaKhrushchevdelivershissecretspeechattheTwentiethPartyCongress.

AP EuroPEAn

HISTorY

Cold War, Unification,

and the Decolonized

World

(1945-2001)


1957

1958

1960-1962

1968

1973

1975

1982-1985

1992-1993

•TreatyofRomeestablishestheEuropeanEconomic Community(EEC).

•TheSovietslaunchtheSputniksatellite.

•TheSovietgovernmentforbidsauthorBorisPasternak fromattendingtheNobelawardsceremony.

•AseriesofcrisestiptheColdWartowardthebrinkof nuclearwar.

•InBerlin,Paris,andelsewhere,radicalizeduniversity studentriot.

•PragueSpringoccurs.

•TheCommonMarketexpandsbythreenewmembers.

•Thirty-fivenationssigntheHelsinkiAccords.

•TheEECexpandstotwelvenations.

•TheMaastrichtTreatycreatestheEuropeanUnion(EU).

1347-1350 HISTorYhs.pequannock.org/ourpages/auto/2015/5/1/52593023/Euro History Timeline.pdf ·...

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