Post on 21-Dec-2014
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Identifying Methods and Media for Learning
Cooperative Learning
-Involve small group- Working together to learn collaborative and social skill- Students apply communication and critical thinking skill to solve problems
Advantages - Promotes positive collaborative and social skill and
group processing- Encourage trust building, communication and
leadership skill- Involve students in active learningLimitations- Required a compatible group of students- Takes more time to cover the same amount of
content than other methods- Less appealing to individuals who prefer to work
alone
Discovery
• Encourages students to find “answer” for themselves
• Learn by doing• Students must solve through trial and error
Advantages- Encourages higher-level thinking- Develop the skills and attitudes
essential learning- Provided intrinsic motivationLimitations- Allows for the discovery of incorrect or
unintended information- Can be time consuming
Problem solving
Learners use previous knowledge and skill to resolve a problem
The usual steps are 1. Define the problem2. Formulate hypotheses3. Collect and analyze data4. Derive conclusions and solutions5. Verify conclusions
Game
• Appealing environment• Highly motivating approach• Required to use problem solving skill
Advantages- Increase comprehension- Provided students with opportunity to learn from the
mistake- Involve higher-level learning- Develops responsibility - Learn to think independently Limitations- Limits the amount of content covered- Required teacher to have good management.
Simulation
• Confront realistic situations• Involve participant dialogue, manipulation and
equipment
Advantages- Encourage social interaction- Provided the opportunity for practice skill- Increase motivation- Help to learn to deal with unpredictable
situationLimitations- Involve with competition than content- Can be time consuming
Discussion
• Dynamic method• Encourage classroom rapport • Give opportunity to apply principle• Introduce students to different belief
Advantages- Provided practice and experimentation skill- Provide feedback- Appealing and increase learning- Focus on important attributesLimitations- Cause deep emotion- Time consuming
Advantages- Allow actively practice- Interesting- Can change attitudes- Make effective experienceLimitations- Student must have a common experience- Teacher must prepare leading skill for the
method
Drill and practice
• Students are led through a series of practice exercises to increase fluency in a newly learned skill
• Refresh an existing knowledge
Advantages- Provided repetitive practice in basic skill to
enhance learning- Promotes psychomotor- Helps build speed and accuracyLimitations- Students can perceive it as boring- Does not teach when and how to apply the
facts learned
Tutorial
• Request student response • analyze the response• Provided practice until learners demonstrate a
predetermined level of competency• Frequently used to teach basic skills such as
reading
Advantages- Provided optimum individualize instruction - Provided the highest degree of student
participation- Frequently benefits student tutors - Introduce new concepts in a sequencedLimitations- Impractical in some cases- Students may become reluctant to work on
their own
Demonstration
• Students view a real or lifelike example of a skill
• To illustrate how something works
• To teach safety procedures.
Advantages- Utilize several senses, can use hear ,see and possibly
experience- Dramatic appeal- Holistic perspective by showing a complete
performance- Reduce hazards and trial and error learningLimitations- Difficult to see demonstrations- Demonstrations may not go as planned
Presentation
• Use of verbal information or visual symbols to convey material quickly
• Provide students with essential background.• Motivate students to learn
Advantages- Can be used with groups of all sizes- Give opportunity to see and hear the same
information- Can be used to efficiently present a large amount of
content- Organized perspectiveLimitations- Required little activity- Makes assessment of student’ s mental involvement
difficult- Does not provided feedback
Instruction Media
What is media?
• Carry information between a source and receive.
• Example of media include slides, videotapes, diagrams, printed materials, and computer software.
What does it do?Media serve a variety of role in education. Their primary role is
to facilitate student learning.
1. Media can provide vicarious experience.Example : Student can see what a new invention looks like. It is
better asked to practice it.
2. evaluation, you can ask student to identify an object or parts of an object in a photograph.
Example : Videotapes can present the events leading up to a problem situation and student describe their responses to the problem.
Multimedia
• Multimedia usually refers to the delivery of video, graphic, audio, and text by a computer using instructional software
• Example : multimedia is a conglomerate of a number of different media formats, including video, graphic, audio, text, and read object and media
Video• Moving images can be recorded on videotape,
videodisc , DVD and computer disc.• Video is defined as the display of recorded picture on
television-type screen.
Example : physical education student use videodisc’s slow motion and freeze-frame capability to practice imitating the grip and swing of a golf professional.
Videodisk
• Videodisc resembles a large compact disc, or CD
DVD
• Some professional refer to it as digital video disc.
Graphic
• Use to teaching and learning. We look to four here: visuals, slides, overhead transparencies and display boards.
Visual
• Visuals are two-dimensional materials designed to communicate a message to student.
• Example : student sequence the major steps involved in the production of oxygen by plants using a set of drawings.
Slide
• Slides are small, transparent photographs individual mounted for one-at a-time projection.
• Example : Student view a slide show of clothing articles designed, sewn and modeled by fellow student.
Overhead Transparencies
• Widely used in classroom because of their many virtues.
• Example : Physical education use videodisc’s slow motion.
Display Boards
• There are surfaces in classroom on which to display text and visual material.
• Example : student classicify various type of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks display on platforms secured to a bulletin board.
Audio
• Teacher’s voice, audiotape, CD
Text
• Refer to letters and number, usually presented to student in the form of printed material or on a computer screen.
Real object and model
• Even as a media, real object and model can require learners to use all their senses.
ADVANTAGE AND LIMITATIONS OF INSTRUCTION MEDIA
Multimedia Advantage LimitationsBetter learning and retentionaddressEffective acrosslearning domainrealismmotivationinteractivityIndividualizationconsistency
EquipmentStartup costsComplexity and lack standardizationComp abilityLimitedintelligence
Video- Video tape Advantage LimitationsMotion Fixed pace
Videotape-cont’d Real-lifeexperiencerepetition
scheduling
Video disc Storage capacityRapid accessDual audio channelsdurabilityImage quality and cost
expanseLimited play timeAnalog format
Advantage Limitations
DVD Storage capacityHigh quality audioDigital format
Limited materialFew payback units available
Graphic Visual
Realistic formatReadily availableEasy to useRelatively inexpensive
SizeTwo-dimensionalLack of motion
Advantage Limitations
Graphic- cont’d slides
Flexibility Lack of sequence
Easy to product Jamming
Ease of use Damage
Availability
Overhead transparencies
Versatility Instruction dependent
Instructor control Preparation required
Instructor preparation
Display board Versatile Commonplace
Colorful Not portable
Involvement
Audio- audio tape
Student and teacher preparation
Fix sequence
Advantage Limitations
Audiotape Familiarity Lack of attention
Verbal message Pacing
Stimulating Accidental erasure
portable
CD Locating selection Cost
Resistance to damage Limited recording capability
Text Readily available Reading level of learner
Flexible Memorization
Economical Passive
Real object model
Less abstract and more concrete
Storage
Readily ability Possible damage
Attract student 'attention
Last activity• From the given Situation choose best method and media
• Situation one• If you have to teach the student about how to science
experiment which method and media will you use and why?
• Situation two• If you have to teach about history which method and media
would you use? Why?
• Situation three If you are a TESOL teacher which method and media would you
use to teach English and why?
Member
• Miss Nuchwara Puranan• Miss Uthaiwan Wisapo• Miss Apichaya Sanmano• Miss Issarwadee Seeno• Miss Nattasak Ronsuk
TESOL#2