Post on 23-Jan-2016
description
I. The Kingdom Protista
A. What is a Protist?
1. Any eukaryote that is not an animal, plant, or fungus
a. Eukaryote – any unicellular or multicellular organism that has a nucleus and other organelles within its cell or cells
2. Most unicellular, some multicellular.
II. Protists were the first eukaryotic organisms to evolve on Earth
A. Lynn Margulis- hypothesized first eukaryotic cell formed by a close relationship among several prokaryotes
B. Many scientists agree that animals and plants evolved from protists.
www.sirinet.net
III. Classification of Protists
A. Classified by how they obtain food. Include: Animal-like, Plant-like, and Fungus-like protists
IV. Protozoans- animal-like protists (Consumers) obtain food from environment (they eat).
• Ex: Paramecium and Amoeba
Section 20-2
Figure 20-5 A Ciliate
Go to Section:
Lysosomes - digestion
Trichosysts - protection
Oral groove -mouth
Gullet - stomach
Anal Pore – waste removal
Cilia -movement
Food Vacuoles – Store food
Macronucleus – Daily functions
Contractile Vacuole – water removal
Micronucleus –Back up memory
Food vacuole
Nucleus
Contractile vacuole
Section 20-2
An Amoeba
Go to Section:
Pseudopods
www.sirinet.net
B. Importance of Protozoa (Animal-like protists)1. Cause many human diseases like African
sleeping sickness and amoebic dysentery (diarrhea)
Blood culture of Trypanosoma – causes African
Sleeping Sickness
Image contributed by Pr. J. Le Bras, Hôpital Bichat
Fever, chills, neurological problems, coma, death
V. Slime molds and Water molds- fungus-like protists are consumers that obtain food by external digestion (this is weird). Act like fungus, but cell structure is like protists, no chitin in cell walls
A. Importance of Fungus-Like Protists
- Slime molds- important decomposers in forests and swamps
- Water molds – decomposers in water, parasites on land.
1. Water mold Phytophthora infestans caused the Great Potato Famine in Ireland in 1845.
http://www.sharnoffphotos.com/myxos1.html
VI. Algae- plant-like protists (producers) use sunlight to make food through the process of photosynthesis.
• Ex: Unicellular Algae and Multicellular Algae
Gullet
Chloroplast
NucleusEyespot-Detects light
Flagella-movement
Section 20-3
Euglena
Carbohydrate storage bodies
Pellicle - protection
Contractile vacuole –water removal
Go to Section:
B. Importance of Algae (plant-like protists)
1. Unicellular Algae – all contain some type of chlorophyll, most contain accessory pigments used for photosynthesis.
• Form the base of food chains in oceans as phytoplankton
• Carry out the majority of earth’s photosynthesis – produce most of Earth’s oxygen
2. Algal blooms- huge masses of algae quickly deplete nutrients in water; algal cells quickly die in great numbers; their decay depletes the supply of oxygen in water; kills fish and invertebrates
A. Red tides- blooms of algae that produce a potentially dangerous toxin- shellfish can become full of the toxin- if eaten can cause serious illness, paralysis, even death
Algal Blooms
Red Tides
C. Importance of Multi-cellular Algae1. Food source for many sea animals.2. Home or refuge for many sea animals
(kelp forests and Sargasso sea).3. Produce much of earth’s oxygen.
B. Human uses
1. Source of vitamin C and Iron.
B. Human uses
1. Source of vitamin C and Iron.
2. Wrap for sushi.
B. Human uses1. Source of vitamin C and Iron.2. Wrap for sushi.3. Additive for ice cream, pudding, candy
bars.4. Chemicals from Algae used in plastics,
waxes, deodorants, paints and lubricants.5. Some chemicals extracted from algae
used to treat ulcers, high blood pressure, etc.
Section 20-1
are classified as
and include
usewhich which
Protists
Go to Section:
s
called called
animalike plantlike Funguslike
protozoa algaeSlim moldsWater molds
Take in food from environment
Produce food by photosynthesis External digestion
Decomposers parasites
called
: bioweb.uwlax.edu
White Cliffs of Dover
www.calstatela.edu