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AARROOUUNND D UUS S

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According to a scientist something is pure, it means that all the constituent particles of that substance are the same in their chemical nature.

A pure substance consists of a single type of particles.

SOME CONSUMABLE ITEMSSOME CONSUMABLE ITEMS

MIXTUREMIXTURE

Mixtures are constituted by more than one kind of pure form of matter, known as a substance. Soft drink and soil are not single substances .Whatever the source of a substance may be, it will always have the same characteristic properties. Therefore, we can say that a mixture contains more than one substance.

SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONSA solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances .

ex: Lemonade soda water we think of a solution as a liquid that contains either a solid, liquid or a gas dissolved in it. But, we can also have solid solutions (alloys) and gaseous solutions (air).

ALLOYSAlloys are homogeneous

mixtures of metals and cannot be separated into their components by physical methods.

solution

SolventComponent present

In larger amountEx: water

SoluteComponent present

In lesser amountEx: sugar

• A solution is a homogeneous mixture.• The particles of a solution are smaller than 1 nm (10-9 meter ) in diameter. So, they cannot be seen by naked eyes.• The solute particles cannot be separated from the mixture by the process of filtration.

PROPERTIES OF PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONS

At any particular temperature a solution that has dissolved as much solute as it is capable of dissolving, is said to be a saturated solution

If the amount of solute contained in a solution is less than the saturation level, it is called an unsaturated solution.

SUSPENSIONSUSPENSIONA suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in which the solute particles do not dissolve but remain suspended throughout the bulk of the medium.

COLLOIDAL SOLUTIONCOLLOIDAL SOLUTIONIT IS A HETEROGENOUS IT IS A HETEROGENOUS MIXTURE OF TWO OR MORE MIXTURE OF TWO OR MORE COMPONENTS HAVING COMPONENTS HAVING PARTICULAR SIZE LESS THAN PARTICULAR SIZE LESS THAN THAT OF SUSPENSION AND THAT OF SUSPENSION AND GREATER THAN THAT OF GREATER THAN THAT OF SOLUTIONSOLUTION

TYNDALL EFFECTCOLLOIDAL PARTICLE CAN SCATTER A BEAM OF VISIBLE LIGHT BECAUSE OF ITS SMALLER SIZE. THIS PHENOMENON IS KNOWN AS TYNDALL EFFECT

DISPERSED PHASE

DISPERSPERSING MEDIUM

TYPE

EXAMPLE

LIQUID GAS AERSOL FOG SOLID GAS AEROSOL SMOKEGAS LIQUID FOAM CREAM

LIQUID LIQUID EMULSION MILKSOLID LIQUID SOL MUDGAS SOLID FOAM RUBBER

LIQUID SOLID GEL BUTTERSOLID SOLID SOLID SOL GEMSTONE

SEPARATION OF MIXTURE OF TWO IMMISCIBLE

LIQUIDS

SEPERATION USING SUBLIMATION (MIXTURE OF

NH4Cl AND SALT)

CRYSTALLISATION

WHEN A SATURATED HOT SOLUTION ALLOW TO COOL WE CAN OBSERVE THE FORMATION OF SOLID. THIS IS KNOWN AS CRYSTALLISATION.

ELEMENTS

METALS

METALOIDS

NON-METALS